CN1158173A - Method and apparatus for automatically balancing rotating machinery - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for automatically balancing rotating machinery Download PDFInfo
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- CN1158173A CN1158173A CN 95194517 CN95194517A CN1158173A CN 1158173 A CN1158173 A CN 1158173A CN 95194517 CN95194517 CN 95194517 CN 95194517 A CN95194517 A CN 95194517A CN 1158173 A CN1158173 A CN 1158173A
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Abstract
A method of and apparatus for balancing rotating machinery involves the transient acquisition of transient data (100) over the operational speed range of the engine being analyzed. A spectrum of the transient data is acquired using a real time spectrum analyzer (7) capturing an RPM triggered waterfall (34, 38). Further, a computer calculates a one shot balance solution. The balance solution (44) is shown on a video display screen (850) and includes the suggested solution to the balance problem based on the acquired data and generic sensitivity coefficients (46) and the predicted vibrational behavior of the proposed solution. By acquiring a second set of data, it can be verified whether the one shot balance solution remedied the balance problem. If a problem remains, the operator may calculate engine specific sensitivity coefficients based on at least two previous data acquisition runs. A new trim balance solution is then calculated based on the immediately previous run and the calculated engine specific sensitivity coefficients.
Description
Invention field
Present invention relates in general to rotating machinery, relate in particular to the method and apparatus of the balance solution of automatic acquisition balance rotating plant equipment.
Background of invention
Shaking force can cause the plant equipment of similar turbine engine to lose efficacy or can not work effectively.Under the turbine engine environment, many high-precision parts are high speed rotating at high temperature.Therefore, the remarkable vibrations that cause of imbalance can seriously damage engine pack.
For fear of this defective, developed the supervision vibrations and pointed out when rotating machinery is unbalanced technology.Engine vibration monitors usually from accelerometer reliably.Must utilize private cable that the electrical output signal that is usually located at the accelerometer of engine depths is sent to signal processing electronic equipment.Adjust accelerometer signal with electronic equipment, show so that carry out the machinery storage or be used for instrument.
In case found equilibrium problem, just need carry out the engine vibration analysis, so that diagnose and proofread and correct this problem.Specifically, have to make engine to quit work and it is analyzed, this analysis generally will be fixed on engine on the test board, does time-consuming expensive again like this.
Carry out the commonsense method of this analysis and at first carry out vibration survey.Accelerometer and velocity gauge are read the vibration data under a plurality of engine speeds, so that judge whether to have surpassed the vibrations limit.If the limit is not exceeded during vibration survey, then engine by balance correctly, does not need to take other step.In case surpassed the vibrations limit, at first there is equilibrium problem in supposition and carries out equilibrium step usually.But,, just adopt spectrum analysis to lay one's finger on vibration problems place reason if vibrations are not alleviated because of carrying out balance.
Must obtain data comes the amplitude of vibrations is carried out quantitative test.In the past, in order to obtain amplitude and phase place, carried out stable state on about ten discrete acquisitions points in the usable range of engine operation and paused as the vibrations of velocity function.Installation test carrier then, this will be the conjecture first time of how balanced system or once attempt.Then on identical discrete acquisitions point, carry out the pause variation of the vibrations that cause because of balancing load changes with measurement of stable state for the second time.This variation has determined to utilize least square method to calculate the new employed sensitivity to unbalance value of balance solution (coefficient).Usually the supposition engine is still uneven, calculates new balance solution.This balance solution is the best solution of engine whole service scope in theory.
In another kind of commonsense method, the artificially is write down the data that each stable state is paused one by one, the computing machine of the data of record input calculated equilibrium solution.
According to another balanced system of prior art, the MTI of " technology company of mechanism (MechanicalTechnology Inc.) "
PBS-4100
TM, the technical specification of engine can be stored in the computing machine, so that system knows that carrying out stable state wherein pauses.Utilized least square method to handle from these data that obtain of pausing by computing machine to obtain the balance solution.After pausing for the first time, utilization is stored in the general sensitivity of the tested engine model in the computing machine or the PBS-4100 of influence coefficient
TMSystem carries out disposable balance, carries out stable state pause for the second time then and has obtained balance with the affirmation system.At PBS-4100
TMSystem as calculated after the balance solution, this system just provide demonstration with the expression suggestion solution and should be installed in the size of the balancing load on the engine.
A problem of this method is to be difficult to guarantee carry out first and second stable states pause under identical speed.Pausing first and second stable states has the difference of 10-15PRM (rotations per minute), and this can have a negative impact to the data quality.All the more so when especially in the margin tolerance of engine speed, obtaining data.For example, can in the 2950-3050RPM scope, obtain data for the target velocity of 3000RPM.Velocity error causes the sum of errors EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS error of the peculiar sensitivity coefficient of calculation engine.Another problem of said method is the engine that it needs considerable time balance lack of equilibrium.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the method and apparatus that overcomes the defective that common rotating machinery balanced system had.
For example, the invention provides the method and apparatus that is better than commonsense method at the time inner equilibrium rotary part that has shortened.The data acquisition of transmission provides minute to be the solution of balance fast and accurately of unit, has also eliminated and has paused or normal speed operation, has saved fuel.
In addition, the present invention can estimate the balance solution of lack of equilibrium rotary part more accurately.One of method that realizes estimation more accurately is in engine acceleration slowly or carries out automatic or transient data collection between deceleration period, so that do not need engine speed to occur pausing.So, just can both shorten data acquisition time, on more collection point, obtain data again.The transient data collection that utilization has processing capability in real time can automatically obtain 50 to 100 collection points, and only obtains about 10 collection points according to common stable state pause method.The precision of balance solution is improved because of the employing of more collection points.So, utilize the transient data collection to realize than the more accurate EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS of common stable state pause method.
Specifically, carry out the transient data collection according to the tested speed of rotary part.So if in the data acquisition operation first time, from 1000RPM, increase progressively 50RPM up to 4000RPM ground image data at every turn, then data acquisition just will accurately occur under these speed.For data acquisition operation subsequently, to compare with common stable state pause method, data also will be obtained under these accurate speed.Therefore, peculiar sensitivity of engine and the balance solution that obtains according to the data computation that is obtained is just resulting accurate than common stable state pause method.
Also have, the present invention also provide having calculated the balance solution after and before it is implemented to the estimation response of this balance solution, so that the permission user determines whether this solution is needed.
In addition, the present invention can also propose the balance solution of each collection point in the scope of the collection point that has therefrom obtained data, and therefore, the user can be according to the desirable characteristics of system balance solution customized.For example, the user can calculate the balance solution of particular speed range or particular sensor.
Balanced system of the present invention does not need from the structure of rotary part has been installed, and for example therefore this rotary part of dismounting in aircraft, the ship etc. does not need engine is quit work.So this system is by allowing user test and balanced engine and the engine stripping of costliness is reduced to minimum level and reduced unnecessary maintenance in position.In other words, needn't on test board, dismantle and be connected engine.
Relate to several steps in the method that in advance parts data of the characteristic that comprises unit type is stored in the interactive computer system inner equilibrium rotary part in the storer.These steps comprise the rotating speed that changes these parts according to unit type in predetermined speed range lentamente, instantaneous vibration data is detected at place, a plurality of collection point in the rotating speed that changes these parts in this velocity range, judge according to transient data whether these parts are in the lack of equilibrium state, and when these parts are in the lack of equilibrium state according to parts data and transient data calculated equilibrium solution.The step that detects transient data can comprise the step that produces waterfall file (waterfall file) and show the three dimensional representation of this waterfall file data that is called as waterfall figure.Waterfall figure is the diagrammatic representations of data on three axles.For example, an axle is RPM, and second axle is frequency, and the 3rd amplitude that axle is vibrations.
Specifically, the step that detects momentary signal is utilized real-time spectrum analyzer collection and digitizing vibration signal and tacho signal.When engine quickens or slow down according to the RPM value image data that increases progressively.For each transient state of data, utilize " fast fourier transform (FFT) method " the time-domain digital waveform transformation to frequency domain.The FFT of resulting vibration signal represents it is the statement that system surveys the feature of vibrations component frequency spectrum.
The step that detects transient data comprises to be handled so that the synchronous vibrations amplitude that obtains to locate each collection point in velocity range, one or more positions of parts and the step of phase data the waterfall data.The position of measuring can be selected by system operator.The used parts data of calculated equilibrium solution comprises the sensitivity relevant with unit type (i.e. influence) coefficient.The operator can be new parts data input store.Determining step comprises the step that the transient data and the vibrations limit of being scheduled to are compared.
This method can comprise the step that at least one load is installed in the position of determining according to the balance solution.Can after pulling down previous balancing load, differentiate load has been installed, or can not pull down previous balancing load and balancing load has been installed with regard to differentiating.At least one position on the parts of balance solution can be differentiated and show and the correction load of this at least one position will be installed in.In addition, figure can be shown, the figure that shakes signature waveform based on second of the parts of balance solution can be estimated and show based on the first vibrations signature waveform of the parts of transient data.The vibrations signature waveform is the figure as the synchronous vibrations amplitude of the function of component speed, represents the equilibrium state of this rotary part.
Velocity range comprises the parts speed from idle condition to maximum power state.Can select and definite velocity range according to two speed of unit type utilization between idle condition speed and maximum power state speed.
The device of balance rotating parts of the present invention comprises and being connected with parts, detect the sensing device of transient data on a plurality of collection points in the rotating speed that changes parts lentamente in the velocity range of parts, be connected with this sensing device, carry out the spectrum analysis that produces the waterfall data that are used for detailed analyses of shake, the data processor that produces equilibrium criterion and the equilibrium criterion and the vibrations limit are made comparisons according to the waterfall data, and be connected with this data processor, when equilibrium criterion surpasses the vibrations limit just according to the device of first sensitivity coefficient and balance data computation balance solution.
Summary of drawings
Referring now to the preferred embodiments of the present invention that only provide as an example, shown in the accompanying drawings, the present invention is described in more detail, wherein:
Fig. 1 represents can be according to the present invention's balanced one exemplary turbine engine;
Fig. 2 (a)-2 (c) expression is connected to aircraft engine the demonstrative structure of engine vibration of the present invention and balance analytic system;
Fig. 3 (a) is the exemplary engine vibrations and the balance analytic system structure of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 (b) is the data flow diagram of Fig. 3 (a) system;
Fig. 4 is that of the present invention one exemplary waterfall file shows;
Fig. 5 is the process flow diagram of of the present invention one exemplary single-stage (single plane) balance method;
The exemplary screen of Fig. 6 (a)-6 (m) expression interactive environment intuitively of the present invention;
The process flow diagram of Fig. 7 (a) and 7 (b) expression of the present invention one exemplary twin-stage balance method.
Describe in detail
A part of disclosure of this patent file comprises content protected by copyright.The copyright owner does not oppose that anyone faxs and copies the arbitrary patent disclosure that is loaded with in the patent document of United States Patent and Trademark Office or record, but keeps any other all copyright.
Though following description is in the scope of aircraft engine system, those of ordinary skill in the art knows that the present invention can be applied to comprising the rotating machinery of other type of gas turbine, compressor, generator, pump, motor and steam turbine.
Fig. 1 represents to use an exemplary engine of engine vibration of the present invention and balance analytic system.This engine has: comprise being used for flabellum 1 and the fan part of supercharger 2, the major part 4 that comprises gases at high pressure generation device or compressor 3 and high-pressure turbine 4 and low-pressure turbine part (LPT) 5 that low pressure advances.Balance system of engine uses vibration data and engine speed data.In order to obtain vibration data, must be connected to turbine engine to sensing element, for example accelerometer and measure suitable data.In the exemplary engine of Fig. 1, except that other position also with fan bearing (not shown) that the flabellum 1 of fan-shaped part is connected on, on the tailstock on the turbine tailstock (not shown) on the fan cover (not shown) that the flabellum 1 with the fan part is connected, in LPT part 5 and/or at the compressor 3 of major part, be fixed for measuring one or more accelerometers of vibrations.The accelerometer of each position is equivalent to measure the balance and the vibrations path of the vibrations of engine.
Many kinds of accelerometers can be used to measure the vibrations or the detection of engine and measure vibrations, for example compression-type or shearing-type accelerometer.In a kind of typical compression-type accelerometer, casing (mass) is exerted pressure to piezoelectric element.In a kind of typical shearing-type accelerometer, casing applies shearing force to piezoelectric element.Though the present invention is not subjected to the restriction of accelerometer type, sensitivity is 1 to 100PC/g, weight between 10 and 50 grams and frequency range be that 0 to 12KHz universal accelerometer is suitable for the present invention.In addition, sensitivity between 0.05 to 0.3PC/g, weigh 0.5 to 2 gram and frequency range is that 1 to 25Khz micro accelerometer also is gratifying.The acceptable accelerometer of other type comprises the accelerometer of following type: 1) be used for three-dimensional measurement; 2) be used for industrial machine is carried out permanent control survey; 3) under unusual high temperature, use; 4) be used to proofread and correct with other benchmark purpose; 5) be used for buildings and other structural vibration survey; And 6) be used for very large shock measurement.The accelerometer of measuring vibrations has been installed on some aircraft.Do not install at aircraft under the situation of accelerometer, preferred accelerometer type is a DYTRAN Model3174C high temperature accelerometer.
In the design of the accelerometer of reality, when arranging piezoelectric element with convenient assembly vibrations, this assembly casing applies the power that is directly proportional with oscillatory acceleration from this piezoelectric element.The direct loading that should be pointed out that the piezoelectricity output of accelerometer output terminal can reduce the sensitivity of accelerometer significantly and limit its frequency response.For these influences being reduced to minimum, utilize prime amplifier that the output signal of accelerometer is fed to impedance far below this accelerometer impedance, this impedance is to be suitable for the impedance that is connected with the quite low input impedance of general measure and analytical equipment.Also have, can also the operating speed transducer or displacement probe detect and measure vibrations.Shock sensor can be existing engine transducer or ground test transducer.
Can use the rotational speed of determining engine such as magnetic tachometer or the such velocity gauge of optical sensor velocity gauge.Can adopt the eddy current probes formula magnetic tachometer that utilizes magnetic field to calculate rotating speed in the present invention.On the aircraft that aircraft vibrations supervision (AVM) system is installed, typical magnetic tachometer is measured the RPM of engine by measuring the dark tusk of deliberately processing at afterbody.Typical optical sensor velocity gauge utilization comes measuring speed from the light beam that gauge point reflects.For example, this gauge point is the zone of reflections that is attached on first blade of flabellum.
Can be divided into aircraft engine and become a kind of in three kinds of structures: 1) no AVM; 2) old-fashioned AVM; With 3) new-type AVM.In no AVM structure,, must settle shock sensor by the technician in order to measure vibrations.The AVM structure comprises shock sensor.In old-fashioned AVM structure, utilize directly to connect and obtains sensor output, and in new-type AVM system, utilize the front-panel connector in the passenger cabin to obtain sensor output.
Aircraft with no AVM platform comprises Boeing 727,737-200 and 757, DC10 and MD80.The required equipment of no AVM system depends on engine and aircraft, can comprise: two accelerometers, about 250 feet no AVM cable assembly (comprises two charge amplifiers (connecting) and an optical sensor velocity gauge, the carriage instrument of specific engines, and the analyses of shake instrument that has BNC connector and cable.
Fig. 2 (a) is illustrated in typical no AVM cable connection between aircraft and analyses of shake of the present invention and the balanced system.In no AVM system, engine vibration directly is connected with turbine engine 6 with balance analyser 7.According to this exemplary connection, three or more data paths is connected with three or more sensor on the turbine.Path 1 is connected with velocity gauge, and path 2 is connected with preceding shock sensor on the flabellum bearing, and path 3 is connected with back shock sensor on the turbine tailstock.In addition, utilize the power lead that is connected with analyser 7 to power, so that the system of starting shakes and equilibrium analysis to velocity gauge and accelerometer.
Adopt the aircraft of tabular form AVM platform to comprise Boeing-737-300.Typical old-fashioned AVM cable connects shown in Fig. 2 (b).Usually required inboard installation comprises: at the tabular form AVM cable of aircraft one side 8, and velocity gauge regulator case 9, and the analyses of shake instrument 7 that has BNC connector and cable.In this old-fashioned AVM connects, path 1 is connected with velocity gauge regulator 9, velocity gauge regulator 9 all is connected with AVM visiting 12 with AVM shell 11 with the path 2 of preceding vibrations (for example fan-shaped bearing that moves) and the path 3 of back vibrations (for example turbine tailstock), so that obtain vibration data through AVM from aircraft one side 8.Power lead is connected with velocity gauge regulator 9.
This new AVM platform is suitable for all new aircraft.The typical new-type AVM cable of Fig. 2 (c) expression connects.Usually required equipment comprises: connect the new-type AVM cable of analyser 7 and aircraft one side 8, velocity gauge regulator case 9, and the analyses of shake instrument 7 that has BNC connector and cable.In this new-type AVM connected, path 1 was connected with velocity gauge regulator 9, and wheel speed meter regulator 9 all is connected to obtain data with the AVM shell 13 that is positioned at aircraft one side 8 with back vibrations path 3 with preceding vibrations path 2.Power lead is connected with velocity gauge regulator 9.
In the AVM of Fig. 2 (b) and 2 (c) was connected, velocity gauge regulator case 9 received a series of pulses of engine rotation and exports a pulse for each rotation of engine speed.Locating to trigger pulse, the time between the measurement pulse of importing the reception velocity gauge and calculating with RPM of vibrations and balance analyser 7 is the engine speed of unit.Shock sensor is measured the vibrations of all frequencies.For the balance of engine, to carry out the required vibrations component of EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS be fundamental frequency or shake component synchronously.The frequency of this component is exactly the frequency of engine speed.The RPM value of calculating according to outer triggering signal is used to determine the frequency component in amplitude and phase place waterfall, shakes amplitude and phase place so that obtain balance.
At the engine run duration, aircraft vibrations monitor will be indicated or sensor will detect vibrations.In order to analyze vibrations, the course line machinist is connected to AVM or sensor installation (for example accelerometer) and velocity gauge with outgoing cable.
Several parts have constituted illustrative engine vibration and the balance analyser shown in Fig. 3 (a).Receive vibration data and engine speed from sensor, and they are offered the transient data Acquisition Circuit 100 that comprises a modulus (A/D) transducer 150 (for example 16 A/D transducers) by external trigger input, so that a data conversion of gathering is become digital form.Each shock sensor is equivalent to a balance channel.Can 1) according in the common steady state speed method or 2 of gathering vibrations amplitude, phase place and speed (RPM) information under the selected normal fast service condition) the slow instant engine of gathering online vibrations amplitude, phase place and RPM data quickens or obtains data between deceleration period.Pre-service digital vibration data are transmitted to digital signal processor (DSP) storer 250 in the signal processing circuit 200.According to an one exemplary embodiment, DSP storer 250 is RAM of 8 megabyte, but according to the path on the engine (sensing station) number, the capacity of this storer can be bigger.
In signal processing circuit 200, DSP processing section 350 utilizes the function treatment vibrations and the tacho signal (being the transient data that is obtained) of real-time spectrum analyzer.In a kind of typical realization, signal processing circuit 200 be included in 50MHz down operation one 32 bit DSP microprocessors.According to the predetermined RPM variation (for example 50RPM) that increases progressively vibrations and velocity gauge data are averaged and handle, and they are deposited in the waterfall element of DSP storer 250.The ability of reference analysis instrument image data selects to be used for the incremental variations of the engine speed of signal Processing.Therefore, in order to obtain best resolution, be preferably under the condition that analyser allows and select incremental change as small as possible.
When data acquisition finished, the waterfall file data write disk from storer 250.Then the waterfall data are carried out aftertreatment and extract equilibrium amplitude and phase characteristic waveform.
In an one exemplary embodiment, user interface is included in the MICROSOFT of guiding user in the whole equilibrium process
Compatible graphical user interface.Typical host interface can be to have the standard of following coprocessor 80386 moved under 33MHz or optional 80486.
Host interface 450 is connected with digital I/O (I/O) card 550, and the spectrum analysis software (being fft algorithm 32) that is used for the digital signal processing operation is downloaded to this numeral I/O card 550.Numeral I/O card 550 can be connected with the function key on keyboard, mouse, printer etc.User interface 400 is connected with disk drive controller 600, and storage and receive data from internal hard disk drive 500 (i.e. the hard disk drive of 50 megabyte, 120 megabyte are chosen wantonly) and floppy disk 700 (for example 3.5 of 1.44 megabyte inches floppy disks).Guide the balance software 650 of user equilibrium engine to be stored in the hard disk drive 500 set by step.Usually be stored in out of Memory in the hard disk drive 500 and comprise software, data acquisition program, the data of various engine types, engine service data and the waterfall data and the balance solution data after data acquisition finishes of spectrum analyzer.How the data of various engine types comprise the ready message of image data and the equilibrium response of specific engines.The information of exporting to floppy disk 700 from hard disk drive 500 generally includes engine operation and waterfall data and balanced file.The vibration data of collection in service once before balanced file is included in, when combining with the engine sensitivity file of the engine that has adopted this balanced file at any time, this balanced file can be used to the calculated equilibrium solution.User interface 400 also is connected with video graphics adaptor (MT) 750, and the latter can send video data to show balance solution, waterfall file etc. gaseous state plasma display 800 and/or outside MT display 850.Exemplary waterfall file shows as shown in Figure 4.
The data flow diagram of Fig. 3 (a) institute descriptive system is shown in Fig. 3 (b).The vibration data of rotary part 20 and engine speed data are detected by a plurality of shock sensors 22 and speed pickup 25 respectively.Sensor is equivalent to balance channel.The data message of next comfortable shock sensor 22 and speed pickup 25 inputs to the spectrum analysis part of equilibrium analysis instrument.Particularly the vibration data of shock sensor 22 be utilized FFT32 from spatial transform to frequency domain.Carrying out the required parameter of this conversion can utilize the representative value of following setting to make amendment by the user: F maximum=500MHz, N=200 is capable, and is overlapping=maximum.The result of FFT32 is for conversion into amplitude frequency spectrum in amplitude waterfall part 34.Simple crosscorrelation portions of the spectrum 36 also calculates the simple crosscorrelation frequency spectrum that is transfused to phase place waterfall part 38, and phase place waterfall part 38 is determined the phase response of shock sensor 22 for speed pickup 25 (being velocity gauge).The collection of each amplitude and phase frequency spectrum is triggered by velocity gauge.The equilibrium amplitude of amplitude waterfall part 34 can be used to carry out the spectrum analysis diagnosis in diagnosis part 40.Equilibrium amplitude and phase characteristic Wave data from amplitude waterfall part 34 and phase place waterfall part 38 is stored in the balance vibration data file 42 respectively.Data in the equilibrium criterion file 42 are used to sensitivity file 46 calculated equilibrium solutions 44, sensitivity file 46 comprise with just at the relevant sensitivity coefficient of balanced engine.
Be designed to diagnose the high-performance real-time spectrum analyzer of the vibration problems that comprises the problem relevant at least can be used as digital signal processing appts with balance.The model of implementing of the present invention one typical analyser and be to be made by " science Atlanta company (Scientific-Atlanta, Inc.) " is SA390 " dynamic signal analyzer ".Can also adopt and to distinguish the analyser that comprises acoustic problems about balance and imbalance problem.Spectrum analyzer must carry out engine vibration in whole engine speed range measures, and preferably includes multiduty time domain (oscillograph) and frequency spectrum and shows to utilize identification vibroseis.This equipment has been eliminated unnecessary engine stripping and solved vibration problems under the situation that shortens the time significantly and reduce cost.
By adopting the spectrum analyzer of deal with data frequency spectrum in real time or waterfall data, engine vibration and balance analytic system just can be carried out the transient data collection so that carry out the multistage balance of many speed, during this transient data was gathered, engine was accelerated to full power from idle condition.This spectrum analyzer is gathered a plurality of vibration data that comprise amplitude, phase place and frequency in the power bracket of engine.More data has improved precision and has produced better prediction balance solution.Transient data is captured in and has also avoided the pause that common balanced system had when the more data collection point is provided in real time.In addition, engine only need move about 2 to 5 minutes and obtain data, and this is not only short than the time of commonsense method, and has saved fuel and shortened the time that obtains the balance solution.
Engine vibration of the present invention and balance analytic system are also closed in from flight engine vi bration monitoring system, for example ENDEVCO
MICROTRAC II
TMReceive vibration data.Therefore, can be input to engine vibration and balance analyser and can the calculated equilibrium solution to flying quality as data run.
The included step of the balancing run of the typical single-stage balance solution that above-mentioned engine vibration and balance analytic system are performed is shown in Fig. 5 process flow diagram.
At step ST1, the equipment that connects engine and analyser is installed.Control arrives the engine operation information of collecting about engine speed and vibrations degree.After having collected data, judge at step ST3 whether engine vibration surpasses the predetermined vibrations limit.If do not surpass the vibrations limit, then just do not find equilibrium problem at ST3.Control arrives the step ST4 of dismounting equipment and at the ST5 end operation then.Otherwise, if surpassed the vibrations limit, just found equilibrium problem, control arrives step ST6, calculates and utilizes general sensitivity coefficient to attempting balance solution or disposable balance solution the first time of this problem.Then, control arrives according to the disposable balance solution of calculating in step ST6 the step ST7 that proofreaies and correct load is installed.
In step ST7, install and proofread and correct after the load, in step ST8, move engine once more and gather vibration data.Judge whether to still have vibration problems to exist at step ST9 then.In other words, in step ST9, again the data of gathering and the vibrations limit are made comparisons to judge whether still to exist equilibrium problem.If do not find equilibrium problem at step ST9, control just arrives step ST10, and dismounting equipment is at the ST11 end operation.If still have problem to exist at step ST9, just calculate the new peculiar sensitivity of engine according to preceding twice operation at step ST12.Control arrives step ST13, according to the peculiar sensitivity of this new engine and the new balance solution of data computation of gathering at a preceding engine run duration.Execution in step ST7, ST8, ST9 once more.If the equilibrium problem of still having is with regard to execution in step ST12, ST13, ST7, ST8 and ST9, till problem is solved.In case obtained required solution, just remove various cables and the equipment that is connected with engine at step ST10, at step ST11 end operation, engine can normally move.
Fig. 7 (a) and 7 (b) expression obtain the flow process of the required balancing run of twin-stage balance solution.The step identical with step shown in Figure 5 is denoted by the same reference numerals in Fig. 7 (a) and 7 (b).If the user wishes to calculate the twin-stage solution, then after step ST9 has found equilibrium problem, utilize general Calculation of Sensitivity to attempt solution for the second time at step ST14.Balancing load is installed and is moved engine once more at step ST15 and ST16 respectively then.At step ST17 the data that obtain and the vibrations limit are made comparisons to have judged whether that equilibrium problem exists.If no, with regard to execution in step ST10 and ST11.Otherwise control just arrives step ST18, according in first three engine run duration (ST2, ST8, ST16) the new sensitivity of the data computation of Cai Jiing.Utilize the data computation balance solution of this new sensitivity and last operation at step ST19.Then respectively at step ST15 and ST16 installed load with move engine once more.Compare again to judge whether also to need to carry out balance at step ST17.If also have problem, with regard to execution in step ST18, ST19, ST15, ST16 and ST17, till problem is solved.Exist in case confirm to no longer include equilibrium problem, with regard to execution in step ST10 and ST11, end operation.
Will be appreciated that this system can carry out balance more than the twin-stage by revising above-mentioned processing according to required progression.
Can adopt MICROSOFT with totality spectrum analysis function development architecture
WINDOWS
TMOperating system is carried out interactively user/system communication.System is designed to the PC compatibility.Other operating system well-known in the art, for example DOS, OS/2
TMDeng also being applicable to the present invention, but WINDOWS
TMBe best.
In an illustrative implementation of the present invention, various operator schemes all can be by the user at the WINDOWS of user input data with the operation of selecting to be performed
TMConduct interviews under the environment.
System user enters WINDOWS after connecting up rightly and having connected necessary equipment as described referring to Fig. 2 (a)-2 (c)
TMThe master menu of option appears in environment on the screen of engine vibration and balance analyser shown in Fig. 6 (a).If the user by for example utilizing tracking ball and be placed on SETUP (setting) button and pressing tracking ball and select the SETUP button, Select Engine Type (selection engine type) screen just occurs to pointer shown in Fig. 6 (b).Select Engine Type screen comprises a list field 300, and this literary name section 300 is listed the various data files of storage in advance that comprised the technical specification relevant with a plurality of engine types.These files preferably are stored in the hard disk drive 500 of Fig. 3 (a).The user selects then corresponding to the suitable engine type of wanting balanced engine.Perhaps the user can determine not to be stored in the engine type in the storer, and in this case, engine vibration will point out the user to import and want the relevant data of technical specification of balanced engine with the balance analyser.Select Engine Type screen also comprises literary name section 310 and drop-down field 320 and 330 that change driver and catalogue and change tabulation of the file of appearance in literary name section 300 according to method well known in the art respectively.
After the file of having selected corresponding to required engine, MainMenu (master menu) screen of Fig. 6 (c) appears.This screen provides the indication of engine type, about the commentary of this engine, and the indication that is connected with analyser of shock sensor.Other engine information can be shown, and the present invention is unrestricted in this regard.After confirming to have selected correct engine type, the user just presses ACQUIRE DATA (image data) button, Engine Run Setup (engine operational outfit) screen of Fig. 6 (d) occurs.This moment, the user can import the sequence number of concrete engine in the Engine Series Number field.If the user has imported sequence number, this sequence number just is saved, so that automatically preserve transient data that the quilt relevant with this engine gather in the future for referencial use when end of run.Weight (load) on the Engine Run Setup screen and Angle (angle) field allow user's input at front plane (prime) or at the load information of the existing load of rear plane (back level).(gather button allows the user to select required action type, promptly manual or automatic to ACQUISITION.In manual operation mode, as common stable state pause method is done, for specific rotating speed image data.In automatic operation mode, data are automatically gathered when engine is quickened gradually.Data will be gathered at interval according to the rotating speed that is programmed.For example, of the present invention one exemplary data collection cycle can be about 2 to 5 minutes, in this section 50 in period image data to 100 collection points.
Select CANCEL (cancellation) button will make system turn back to the screen of Fig. 6 (c), the selected project of not initialization.Select the OK button to be set to image data to system.If tacho signal at this moment do not occur, just occur telling the user to detect inappropriate RPM and point out the screen of the velocity gauge that customer inspection is connected with balanced system.The user is also inquired whether need to continue data acquisition.The user can test so that this inquiry is responded by abort.If detect tacho signal, the user just can respond to inquiry for certain, proceeds test.
If proceed test, the such screen of Fig. 6 (d) just occurs.The screen that Fig. 6 (e) in collection and the engine speed engine operation information relevant, occur with the vibrations degree.In one embodiment, the spectrum analyzer that after data acquisition, shows fraction (for example Fig. 4) video data information usually can be adopted, the waterfall data can certainly be when carrying out data acquisition, shown with waterfall.When engine operates in when being lower than minimum engine RPM, the user just can select START (startup) button.In case press the START button, engine speed just increases to maximal rate gradually.In case reach the maximal rate of engine, engine has just been finished its stroke.Should press STOP (stopping) button and stop data acquisition this moment.In case pressed the STOP button, the Main Menu (master menu) of Fig. 6 (c) just appears, and the user now can the calculated equilibrium solution.
BALANCE SOLUTION in Fig. 6 (c) (balance solution) information relevant with operation just occurs showing and points out whether engine vibration surpasses Balance Menu (balance menu) screen of the preset limit in the hard disk drive 500 that is stored in Fig. 3 (a) when button is pressed.So the data of gathering quilt is made comparisons with the vibrations limit in the storer 250 that is stored in user interface 400, exists to have judged whether equilibrium problem.One exemplary Balance Menu screen is shown in Fig. 6 (f).In case the discovery equilibrium problem just can be pressed CALCULATEBALANCE SOLUTION (calculated equilibrium solution) button and calculate attempting balance solution or disposable balance solution the first time of this problem.
The complex values that is called general sensitivity or influence coefficient is that the engine for each model is stored in a part of data in engine vibration and the balance analyser storer 250 in advance.The general sensitivity coefficient of each storage represents how to change relevant numerical value because of the variation of balancing load is common with the engine vibration of a certain model engine.By vibration data and general sensitivity data that combination is gathered, analyser just can calculate disposable balance solution.
In case the user presses the CALCULATE BALANCESOLUTION button on the Balance Menu screen, BALANCE SOLUTION screen such shown in Fig. 6 (g) just appears.When disposable balance solution is calculated, just show the figure of expression engine balance flange, suggestion weight, part number and the position, hole of load to be installed is shown.Utilize least square method to come the calculated equilibrium solution for all effective vibrations and balance channel in the best whole engine speed range.In Thomas P.Goodman " least square method that calculated equilibrium is proofreaied and correct " (" A Least Squares Method for Computing BalanceCorrections ") paper on the 273-279 page or leaf of " the Journal ofEngineering for Industry " that be published in August nineteen sixty-five this algorithm has been described.
The prediction vibration data of the disposable balance solution of computational rules also shows its vibration data with last operation.After operation each time, calculated equilibrium solution at first not, the user can observed data, and can coagulate spectrum vibrations signature waveform and just determined that vibration problems is not an equilibrium problem by analyzing.So, for each balance solution of being calculated, after the balancing load corresponding to the balance solution of being calculated was mounted, the figure of current (promptly relevant with preceding once operation) vibrations signature waveform can be shown with the consequent vibrations signature waveform of estimation.Because data volume almost (if not always) is not suitable for according to making the required mode of this conclusion the vibration data signature waveform being analyzed, so conventional system does not have the ability of trouble-shooting.
In order to analyze vibration problems before the calculated equilibrium solution, the user starts the Vibration Data (vibration data) of menu bar of the Balance Menu screen of Fig. 6 (f).Submenu do not occur at VibrationData, this submenu comprises the option of Select new Data File (selecting new data file) and Plot Vibration Data (figure of the vibration data of drawing).SelectNew Data File option should be at first selected, so just allows the user to determine the required file that will analyze.After this, the user starts Plot Vibration data tab, and system shows the figure of vibrations signature waveform for selected file.
Differentiate after can the balancing load before pulling down balancing load has been installed, or can not pull down former balancing load and just differentiate balancing load has been installed.After correction load had been installed, the user can move engine and image data as described above once more, existed so that judged whether vibration problems.So again the data of gathering and the vibrations limit are made comparisons to have judged whether that equilibrium problem exists.If existing problems or in order to guarantee to realize correct balance, the user should calculate the peculiar sensitivity of new engine after load has taken place to change.So, gathered according to load change after the data of new operation, different with new balance solution, should calculate the peculiar sensitivity of new engine.The peculiar sensitivity of engine is with the difference of general sensitivity: different with the estimation to the power operation that is determined type, they are that institute's test engine is peculiar.For meter sensitivity once more, the user starts the screen of the Sensitivity Data (Fig. 6 (h) appears in sensitivity data) on the menu bar of Balance Menu screen.
In order to calculate new sensitivity, the user selects Calculate New Sensitivities (calculating new sensitivity) option, Sensitivity Menu (sensitivity menu) screen of Fig. 6 (i) occurs.The user can select required balanced type now, and promptly single-stage still is multistage (equilibrium position on engine).For example, shown in Fig. 6 (i), can select Front plane (prime), rear plane (back level) or dual plane (twin-stage).If carry out prime or back level balance, then only need two capture files to calculate the peculiar sensitivity of new engine.But,, just need three data files of the load change of twin-stage if carry out the twin-stage balance.
If the user has pressed CALCULATE FRONT PLANE (calculating prime) button, the first data file screen (not shown) just appears, list the image data file that is stored in the system storage on the screen, the user can select first data file in view of the above.Then, the second data file screen (not shown) with identical form occurs, so that the user selects second data file.After having selected these two data files, the Sensitivity Menu shown in Fig. 6 (j) (sensitivity menu) screen just appears, show the summary of selecting.This moment, the user answered SaveSensitivities (preservation sensitivity) option on the choice menus bar, to preserve the information of firm selection.
After having preserved sensitivity, they are just automatically packed into used for next balance solution.If the user selects sensitivity arbitrarily to be used for calculating, the user just can utilize Select New Sensitivity File (selecting new sensitivity file) the options access file of screen shown in Fig. 6 (h).Occur a series of files on screen, the user selects the required new sensitivity file (not shown) of solution from these files.The user is Sensitivity Data (sensitivity data) option (screen that similar Fig. 6 (h) screen promptly occurs) of choice menus bar more then, during this time selects Plot Sensitivity Data (figure of the sensitivity data of drawing) the option figure of data of selected level that draws.Such Plot Sensitivity (the sensitivity figure draws) screen of Fig. 6 (k) occurs, the current sensitivity of selected file is shown.
Then, the user should ask engine vibration and balance analytic system to calculate new adjustment balance solution.This calculated new adjustment balance solution will be based on the data of new collection and the peculiar sensitivity of engine of being calculated rather than based on general sensitivity.The user tests to guarantee to have eliminated vibration problems the adjustment balance solution of selecting carefully again.If this problem still exists, the user just should order engine vibration and balance analytic system according to the new peculiar sensitivity of engine of all data computation of gathering when engine moves, continue as described above, till having obtained acceptable adjustment balance solution.Each is adjusted balance and also allows the user to revise the balance solution subtly.
After having calculated disposable or having adjusted the balance solution, the screen (not shown) of the balance menu bar of Fig. 6 (g) just occurs having, unshowned Select Plane on the balance menu bar that is included in Fig. 6 (g) (selecting level) is provided to the user several options of option.Return (returning) option makes the user turn back to former screen or window.Suppose that engine vibration is connected with the printer of balance analyser with compatibility, then Print (printing) options allow users transmits copying data to printer.In addition, Save (preservation) option is kept at balance solution and suggestion in the file of floppy disk.All the balance vibration data are all preserved after the operation automatically starting each time.
The user can also utilize Adjust Weights (adjustment load) option to deduct, increase or merge load.Also have, the user can set the load of the maximum number that the balance solution allowed.Can remove or not remove the load of last operation according to user's wish and carry out new operation.Also have, if before carrier is installed load has been arranged, system can compensate by the dismounting according to existing load and calculate new solution and definite load.
Select Plane (selecting level) options allow users is selected the required level of balance solution.Submenu under the Select Plane provides a grade option.So the user for example can require analyser to show prime or back level balance solution, perhaps recomputates prime solution or back level solution when image data in the level pattern of front and back.
Customige (customization) options allow users a certain balance that regulation will be considered when determining the balance solution and vibrations path.For example, the user can be for specific sensor or RPM scope customization balancing load.If required solution is modified when selecting the Customige option, system just will recomputate load suggestion (being the balance solution) for customization data.
Data compression, load versatility and the ability of externally storing data can be very important.Data Management (data management) button among the Main Menu (Fig. 6 (c)) provides these abilities.In case press Data Management button.The screen that Fig. 6 (e) just occur.Press Sum Weights (load summation) button make the user can manually import the net weight of load type and position and load that calculating is imported and vector and.Pressing Plot Data (figures of the data of drawing) button makes the user can compare two vibrations signature waveforms of different operations or the vibrations (for example operation) between two different sequence number engines.In case pressed Plot Data button, the user selects the engine of first and second sequence numbers to make comparisons with regard to being prompted.The data of each engine that can shown in Fig. 6 (m), draw together then operation.Pressing Export data toFloppy (output data is given floppy disk) button can be stored in the full detail relevant with selected current sequence number engine on the floppy disk with external mode the user.
The waterfall data are used for determining the vibrations amplitude and the phase place of EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS, also are used for seeking with the reason of uneven relevant vibration problems with to this vibration problems diagnosing.For example, can utilize the function of spectrum analyzer to analyze the waterfall data so that seek the reason of imbalance problem.Each record in the waterfall file can be carried out aftertreatment to determine vibration frequency and trend.This file points out that also the correctness of vibration signal is beneficial to the problem place of the equipment of laying one's finger on.
The commonsense method of equilibrium criterion utilizes the simulation tracing wave filter to obtain synchronously (1/ changes) level of vibration under the steady state speed state.Sometimes for diagnostic purpose, quicken or gather transient data between deceleration period at engine, but for the collection restriction relevant with non-real-time spectrum analyzer, prior art is not attempted these data of balance.
Though described specific embodiments of the invention, owing to those of ordinary skill in the art can make improvements, so will be appreciated that the present invention is not limited.Any and all improvement of the application's imagination in the spirit and scope of this disclosed and claimed basis invention.
Claims (37)
1. the method for balance rotating parts in interactive computer system comprises that the parts data of the characteristic of unit type is stored in the storer in advance, said method comprising the steps of:
In predetermined speed range, change the rotational speed of parts according to unit type;
Detect transient data on a plurality of collection points in the rotational speed that changes parts in velocity range;
Whether be in non-equilibrium state according to the transient data decision means;
When parts are in non-equilibrium state, according to parts data and transient data calculated equilibrium solution.
2. the detection step that the process of claim 1 wherein also comprises the step that produces the waterfall data according to transient data.
3. the method for claim 2, detection step wherein also comprise to be handled so that obtain the amplitude of vibrations at the collection point place of parts in velocity range and the step of phase data the waterfall data.
4. the method for claim 3, further comprising the steps of:
Show processed waterfall data; With
When parts are in non-equilibrium state, analyze processed waterfall data to judge whether to exist equilibrium problem.
5. the process of claim 1 wherein that described determining step comprises the step that the transient data and the predetermined vibrations limit are made comparisons.
6. the process of claim 1 wherein the amplitude of vibrations at the collection point place of one or more positions measurement component in velocity range that described detection data step is included in parts and the step of phase place.
7. the method for claim 6, wherein said measuring process comprises the step of the one or more positions on the alternative pack.
8. the method for claim 6, further comprising the steps of:
Produce the waterfall data according to transient data; With
The waterfall data are handled the vibration and the phase data of the vibrations of locating with the collection point of acquisition parts in velocity range.
9. the process of claim 1 wherein that the parts data of using comprises the sensitivity coefficient relevant with unit type in described calculation procedure.
10. the method for claim 1 comprises that also the parts data new is input to the step of storer.
11. the method for claim 1 also comprises the step that at least one load is installed on the position that is determined according to the balance solution.
12. the method for claim 1 also comprises the step of a locational load that will be installed in parts of differentiating the balance solution.
13. the method for claim 12 is further comprising the steps of:
The first vibrations signature waveform according to the transient data display unit;
The second vibrations signature waveform according to balance solution estimation components; And
The second vibrations signature waveform of display unit.
14. the velocity range that the process of claim 1 wherein comprises the parts speed from idle condition to maximum power state.
15. the method for claim 1, also comprising will be by the step of the definite velocity range of two speed between idle condition speed and the maximum power state speed according to the unit type selection.
16. the parts data that the process of claim 1 wherein comprises the characteristic of multiple unit type, this method also comprises the initial step of alternative pack type from multiple type of memory.
17. the method for balance rotating parts may further comprise the steps:
In the parts velocity range, change the rotational speed of parts according to unit type;
Detect transient data on a plurality of collection points when the first time, run duration changed the rotational speed of parts in velocity range;
Whether be in non-equilibrium state according to the transient data decision means that run duration detects in the first time;
When parts are in non-equilibrium state, calculate the first balance solution according to first sensitivity coefficient and the transient data of unit type;
According to the first balance solution or change first load capacity of parts according to the load change of user input;
In velocity range, change the rotational speed of the parts comprise calculation one load capacity that has changed;
Detect transient data on a plurality of collection points when the second time, run duration changed the rotational speed of parts in velocity range;
Whether the transient data decision means of run duration is in non-equilibrium state according to the second time.
18. the method for claim 17 is further comprising the steps of:
Calculate second sensitivity coefficient according to transient data first and second run duration detections; With
Calculate the second balance solution according to run duration detects in the second time the transient data and second sensitivity coefficient.
19. the method for claim 17, also comprising will be by the step of the definite velocity range of two speed between idle condition degree and the maximum power state speed according to the unit type selection.
20. the method for claim 17, the wherein said change first load capacity step also comprises the step according to the first balance solution installed load.
21. the method for claim 17, the wherein said change first load capacity step also comprise the load change that the input user wishes and install and/or remove the step of load according to the load change that the user wishes.
22. the method for claim 17, wherein said detection transient data step are included in the amplitude of the vibrations of locating the collection point of one or more positions measurement component in velocity range of parts and the step of phase place.
23. the method for claim 22, wherein said measuring process comprises the step of the one or more positions on the alternative pack.
24. the method for claim 17 also comprises the step of selecting the required wing of the first balance solution and showing the first balance solution of selected level.
25. the method for claim 24, selected level wherein comprise one of single-stage and multistage situation.
26. the method for claim 17 also comprises the step of the unit type that selection is relevant with parts from multiple unit type.
27. the method for claim 17 is further comprising the steps of:
When parts are in non-equilibrium state, calculate the second balance solution according to second sensitivity coefficient of unit type and the transient data that run duration detects in the second time;
According to the second balance solution or change second load capacity of parts according to the load change of user input;
In velocity range, change the rotational speed of the parts comprise second load capacity that has changed continuously;
Detect transient data on a plurality of collection points when the second time, run duration changed the rotational speed of parts continuously in velocity range;
According to whether being in non-equilibrium state in the transient data decision means of run duration for the third time;
According to calculating the 3rd sensitivity coefficient at first, second transient data with run duration detection for the third time; And
Calculate the 3rd balance solution according to transient data and the 3rd sensitivity coefficient in run duration detection for the third time.
28. the device of balance rotating parts comprises:
Measurement mechanism is connected with parts, and transient data is detected at the place, a plurality of collection point in the rotational speed that changes parts continuously in the parts velocity range;
Digital processing unit is connected with described measurement mechanism, and transient data is carried out spectrum analysis to produce the waterfall data, to compare according to waterfall data generation equilibrium criterion and the equilibrium criterion and the vibrations limit; And
Be connected with described digital processing unit, when equilibrium criterion surpasses the vibrations limit according to the device of first sensitivity coefficient and the balance data computation first balance solution; Parts load distribution is wherein adjusted according to the first balance balance solution.
29. the device of claim 28 also comprises the device that shows the waterfall data.
30. the device of claim 28 also comprises the device that shows the balance solution.
31. the device of claim 28, wherein said measurement mechanism are included in the amplitude of the vibrations of locating the collection point of one or more positions measurement component in velocity range on the parts and the device of phase place.
32. the device of claim 31 also comprises the input media that is connected with described measurement mechanism, be used for the one or more positions on the input block.
33. the device of claim 28, wherein said measurement mechanism twice independently run duration detect transient data, described calculation element calculates second sensitivity coefficient according at least twice transient data detecting operation, and described calculation element also calculates the second balance solution according to the transient data and second sensitivity coefficient that detect in the last transient data detecting operation.
34. the device of claim 28, wherein said rotary part are fixing engines aboard.
35. the device of claim 28 also comprises:
Storage comprises and parts data of each relevant sensitivity coefficient of multiple unit type and the storer of storing transient data;
Input media is connected with described storer, be used to receive the selection signal of alternative pack type, unit type determined will balanced parts first sensitivity coefficient.
36. the device of claim 35, wherein said input media comprises that also input comprises the device of the Data Detection service data of the speed of regulation or velocity range, will be for the speed or the velocity range calculated equilibrium solution of this regulation, described measurement mechanism detects transient data according to this service data.
37. the device of claim 35, wherein said input media also comprise the speed of input regulation or the device of velocity range, will be for the speed or the velocity range calculated equilibrium solution of this regulation.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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| US26021694A | 1994-06-14 | 1994-06-14 | |
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| CN 95194517 Pending CN1158173A (en) | 1994-06-14 | 1995-06-13 | Method and apparatus for automatically balancing rotating machinery |
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| EP (1) | EP0771446A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH10508354A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1158173A (en) |
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- 1995-06-13 CN CN 95194517 patent/CN1158173A/en active Pending
- 1995-06-13 EP EP95923701A patent/EP0771446A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-06-13 JP JP8502269A patent/JPH10508354A/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-06-13 WO PCT/US1995/007054 patent/WO1995034871A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102692298A (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2012-09-26 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0四研究所 | On-site dynamic balance monitoring correcting device and method of high-speed rotary machinery for boat |
| CN107003212A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2017-08-01 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | The state monitoring method of the state monitoring apparatus of rotating machinery, rotating machinery and rotating machinery |
| CN107003212B (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2019-03-22 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | The state monitoring method of the state monitoring apparatus of rotating machinery, rotating machinery and rotating machinery |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0771446A1 (en) | 1997-05-07 |
| JPH10508354A (en) | 1998-08-18 |
| WO1995034871A1 (en) | 1995-12-21 |
| EP0771446A4 (en) | 1997-08-27 |
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