CN115813882B - Method for enhancing absorption of vitamins and minerals in intestinal tract - Google Patents
Method for enhancing absorption of vitamins and minerals in intestinal tract Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for enhancing absorption of vitamins and minerals in intestinal tracts, which utilizes plant polyphenol and minerals to complex to form a nano-network material, wherein the nano-network material is combined with vitamin molecules to form a polyphenol-based vitamin complex; the polyphenol-based vitamin complex has long residence time in the intestinal tract and promotes the absorption of vitamins and minerals by the intestinal tract. The mineral is Zn 2+ or Fe 2+. The plant polyphenol is one of tannic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, rutin, and anthocyanin. The vitamins are selected from one or more of oil-soluble vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin E, or one or more of water-soluble vitamin C, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, calcium pantothenate, and folic acid. The invention utilizes plant polyphenol and metal ions to modify vitamin molecules, constructs an effective vitamin intestinal tract delivery system, and utilizes the interaction of the plant polyphenol and intestinal wall cell surface protein to enhance the absorption of vitamins and minerals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vitamin delivery, in particular to a method for enhancing absorption of vitamins and minerals in intestinal tracts.
Background
Vitamins are a type of nutrient substance necessary for maintaining physical health, are low-molecular organic compounds, and have extremely important effects on metabolism, growth, development and health of human and animal organisms. Minerals are inorganic salts which, although not capable of providing energy in total amounts of less than 5% of body weight, also play an important role in the physiological actions of human tissues.
Vitamins are a class of organic substances that are essential for maintaining vital activities of the human body and can only be obtained from foods, and are classified into oil-soluble and water-soluble classes. Common oil-soluble vitamins include Vitamin A (VA), vitamin D (VD), and Vitamin E (VE). The water-soluble vitamins include Vitamin C (VC), vitamin B group such as B2, B5 (calcium pantothenate), B9 (folic acid), and B12. Supplements and products for vitamins and minerals on the market are various in brands and various in types. Under the call of modern nutritional advocacy of 'diversification', the compound type nutritional supplement is favored by the public for vitamin nutrient mineral nutritional supplements. However, the prior art has serious homogeneity, and the problems of insufficient additive amount or excessive dosage are caused by iterative updating mainly on the formulas, namely the types and the amounts of vitamins and minerals, and the problems of absorption and utilization rate of the vitamins are not fundamentally solved. In addition to balanced collocation, absorption is critical to the utilization of vitamins and minerals.
Oil-soluble vitamins can be analogized to the usual hydrophobic drugs. The delivery of hydrophobic drugs and the preparation of oral formulations can be applied to oil-soluble vitamin applications. It is challenging to deliver water-soluble vitamins. The water-soluble vitamins are generally administered in the form of chewable tablets, oral tablets or granules. Such formulations require that the dosage form disintegrate rapidly upon exposure to water to render the vitamin as water-soluble as possible. The water-soluble vitamins are small molecules which are free in the solution, and are easily oxidized and decomposed by other substances due to the good reducibility of the water-soluble vitamins, so that the water-soluble vitamins cannot be fully absorbed and utilized. The polarity of the hydrophobic drug is not suitable for processing water-soluble drugs. Thus, improving the delivery and absorption efficiency of water-soluble vitamin molecules is critical for effective vitamin supplementation. In addition, the existing products are all prepared into tablets or granules by blending different vitamins, and antagonism among different vitamins is not considered. For example, a large amount of vitamin E consumes vitamin A for storage in humans; vitamin C and vitamin B groups are susceptible to oxidation-reduction reactions, leading to vitamin failure; vitamin C and folic acid should be used off-peak; the presence of large amounts of vitamin E affects the absorption of vitamin K.
The prior art reports modification of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, respectively. For example, the patents CN113727706a and CN113747886a, respectively, select some biopolymers such as alginate, chitosan, pectin, cyclodextrin, etc. These substances protect vitamins, are stable in the gastric acid environment, and decompose in the intestinal environment. These materials and protocols enable delivery of vitamins in the gut. However, these substances have not been shown to contribute to the absorption of vitamins in the intestine; supplements of vitamins and minerals only make sense if they are fully absorbed.
For the supplement of minerals iron and zinc, metal salts such as ferrous sulfate or oxides such as zinc oxide are mainly used in the market at present. The metal salt and oxide are fully dissolved in gastric juice to form ion form which is then absorbed in intestinal tract. However, this method is not efficient in mineral absorption. In gastric juice and intestinal juice, various digestive enzymes and other substances generated by nutrient metabolism are usually very easy to react with the metal ions to regenerate water-insoluble metal salts such as oxalate, so that the metal ions are rapidly precipitated and directly discharged out of the body without being absorbed. Therefore, the absorption of metal ions is effectively improved, and the method is very important for supplementing mineral substances.
The gastrointestinal tract is an important site for vitamin absorption, and both vitamins and minerals are absorbed into the blood stream by the unique transport mechanisms of the cells of the intestinal wall. The acceleration of modern life rhythm, irregular diet, diseases, treatment drugs and dysbacteriosis can cause intestinal reaction, influence the normal functions of intestinal wall epithelial cells and seriously obstruct the absorption of vitamins. There is currently no effective route specifically directed to enhancing intestinal absorption of vitamins and minerals.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to enhance the absorption of vitamins and minerals within the gastrointestinal tract, the present invention provides a method of enhancing the absorption of vitamins and minerals within the gastrointestinal tract.
The method for enhancing absorption of vitamins and minerals in gastrointestinal tract provided by the invention utilizes plant polyphenol and minerals to complex to form nano-network material (Metal-phenolicnetwork, MPN), the nano-network material is combined with vitamin molecules, and polyphenol-based vitamin complex (Polyphenol-basedvitamincomplex, PVC) is formed through encapsulation or agglomeration adsorption. The polyphenol-based vitamin complex has long residence time in the gastrointestinal tract and promotes the absorption of vitamins and minerals by the gastrointestinal tract.
The plant polyphenol is one of tannic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, rutin and anthocyanin.
The mineral is zinc ion Zn 2+ or ferrous ion Fe 2+.
The method is suitable for oil-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins. The oil-soluble vitamin may be one or more of vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin E. The water-soluble vitamins can be one or more of vitamin C, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, calcium pantothenate, and folic acid.
The preparation method of the polyphenol-based vitamin complex aiming at the oil-soluble vitamin comprises the following steps:
(1) Dissolving vitamins in soybean oil to prepare an oiling agent, and adding the oiling agent into phosphate buffer solution for ultrasonic treatment to form vitamin emulsion;
(2) Dissolving plant polyphenol in ultrapure water to form a polyphenol aqueous solution; dissolving a soluble salt containing Zn 2+ or Fe 2+ in another part of ultrapure water to obtain a mineral water solution;
(3) Adding vitamin emulsion into polyphenol water solution, ultrasonic treating, adding mineral water solution, mixing, centrifuging, and collecting upper emulsion to obtain polyphenol-based vitamin complex.
The preparation method of the polyphenol-based vitamin complex aiming at the water-soluble vitamin comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding vitamins into phosphate buffer solution to form vitamin solution;
(2) Dissolving plant polyphenol in ultrapure water to form a polyphenol aqueous solution; dissolving a soluble salt containing Zn 2+ or Fe 2+ in another part of ultrapure water to obtain a mineral water solution;
(3) Adding a vitamin solution into a polyphenol water solution, and stirring at room temperature to enable the vitamin to be fully contacted with plant polyphenol so as to agglomerate and form nano particles; adding mineral water solution, stirring, dialyzing the obtained solution under low concentration phosphate buffer solution for 2 days to remove impurities, and cutting off 3.0kDa; the obtained polyphenol-based vitamin complex solution is freeze-dried to prepare polyphenol-based vitamin complex dry powder.
In the method of the invention, plant polyphenol is a plant secondary metabolite, and the molecular structure contains a large number of pyrogallol and catechol groups, and has the characteristic of strong complexation with metal ions. The network structure Material (MPN) composed of metal ions and plant polyphenol is a nano delivery platform with great potential, and the preparation process is simple and quick, and has the characteristic of modularized raw material selection. I.e., there are a variety of edible plant polyphenols and a variety of metal ions (minerals: ferrous iron Fe 2+, zinc ion Zn 2+, etc.) that can be selected. Plant polyphenols, also known as vegetable tannins, have long been used as tanning agents in the leather industry. The leather tanning process is the process of crosslinking phenolic hydroxyl groups of plant polyphenol with leather collagen. The skin collagen is a protein, so that the plant polyphenol and the protein can be strongly combined, namely, the plant polyphenol and the protein of the intestinal wall cells can be strongly combined through hydrogen bonds. The phenolic hydroxyl groups and aromatic groups of the plant polyphenol can interact with different functional groups through various modes such as hydrogen bonding, chelation, amphipathy, pi-pi superposition and the like. Therefore, MPN formed by complexing plant polyphenol and metal ions can be combined with vitamin molecules, and on the other hand, the metal ions in the structure can be used as mineral sources for nutrition supplement. Based on this, vitamin molecules are modified with plant polyphenols and metal ions, and vitamin and mineral absorption can be enhanced by interaction of plant polyphenols with intestinal wall cell surface proteins.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) Modification of vitamins by MPN, a metal-polyphenol network, can extend the residence time of vitamins in the intestinal tract.
(2) The modification of the metal-polyphenol network material MPN on the water-soluble vitamins can form vitamin-containing nano particles, and compared with water-soluble small molecules, the vitamin-containing nano particles can be helpful for vitamin absorption. Meanwhile, the metal ions can also be used as the supplement of mineral substances, so that the concentration of the metal ions in blood is increased, and the absorption of the mineral metal ions is promoted. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies show that PVC can significantly prolong the residence and absorption time of vitamins in the intestinal tract. Blood concentration tests also show that the content of vitamins and minerals in blood is improved.
(3) The method for constructing the vitamin delivery carrier is a self-assembly process of plant polyphenol and metal ions on the surface of the vitamin, and is convenient and rapid to operate.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1, transmission electron microscopy images of PVC E oil-soluble vitamin model (a) and PVC C water-soluble vitamin model (b) prepared in examples 1 and 2.
FIG. 2, UV visible graph of the nutritional model of the PVC water-soluble (a-e) and oil-soluble (f-g) vitamins.
FIG. 3 measurement of Zeta potential of PVC water-soluble (a) and oil-soluble (b) vitamin nutritional models.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing particle diameter characterization before and after vitamin modification.
Fig. 5, anatomical diagram of jejunum and ileum.
Fig. 6, pharmacokinetic analysis. In the figure: (a) -oil-soluble vitamins, (b) -water-soluble vitamins.
FIG. 7, iron content of blood 3h after feeding the rat multivitamin mineral nutritional agent and PVC multivitamin mineral nutritional agent.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present invention only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The plant polyphenol used in the following examples is epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), tannic Acid (TA), rutin or anthocyanin. Epigallocatechin gallate is a typical plant polyphenol, is a main component of green tea polyphenol, and accounts for 40-60%. More and more studies have shown that EGCG has a variety of biological functions, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulating, antitumor and regulation of intestinal flora. Tannic acid is extracted from Pentagon seed, is hydrolyzed tannin, and has astringency and astringency. The molecular weight is about 1700, and the structure contains a plurality of pyrogallol groups. Gallic acid is a hemostatic astringent in medicine, and has antibacterial effect. It has good reducibility and can be used as antiseptic and antioxidant.
Example 1
Preparation of polyphenol-based vitamin complex PVC:
The oil-soluble vitamin E (or vitamin D, vitamin A) is mixed with EGCG and Fe 2+ to prepare the oil-soluble vitamin nutrition model of PVC E (or PVC D、PVCA).
Dissolving vitamin E in soybean oil (equal volume ratio v: v=1:1) to prepare oiling agent; ultrasonic (100W) treatment of the oil in phosphate buffer (0.05 mmol, pH 7.2) with KQ-100DE ultrasonic cleaner (Kunshan ultrasonic Instrument Co., ltd.) for 180s to form VE emulsion; wherein, the vitamin E concentration is 5mgmL -1. FeSO 4·7H2O(2.8mgmL-1) and EGCG (1 mgmL -1) were dissolved in two portions of ultrapure water, respectively. Adding 1mLVE emulsion into 0.5mLEGCG water solution, and performing ultrasonic treatment at 100W for 120s; then 27 mu L of Fe 2+ solution is added, and the molar ratio of Fe 2+ to EGCG is 1:4; the total volume was made up to 2ml using PBS. The resulting solution was centrifuged (5000 rpm) for 5 minutes and the upper emulsion was taken to give a PVC E emulsion.
The fluorescence-labeled PVC oil-soluble vitamins are used for animal experiments to verify the absorption kinetics of the vitamins. Fluorescent coumarin C6 (0.2 mL,1mg mL -1) and 1mL vitamin A, D, E were dissolved in 10mL dichloromethane and stirred overnight; the solvent was removed by rotary evaporator to give a fluorescent labelled vitamin A, D, E mixture. Then, according to the method, the PVC ADE oil-soluble vitamin is constructed.
Example 2
Preparation of polyphenol-based vitamin complex PVC:
The water-soluble VC (or VB2, VB5, VB9 and VB 12) is mixed with EGCG and Fe 2+ to prepare the water-soluble vitamin nutrition model of the PVC C.
VC (5 mg mL -1) was prepared in phosphate buffer (0.05 mmol, pH 7.2) to give a VC solution. FeSO 4·7H2O(2.8mg mL-1 and EGCG (1 mg mL -1) were dissolved in two portions of ultrapure water, respectively, to obtain two aqueous solutions. Adding 1mLVC solution into 0.5mLEGCG water solution, stirring at room temperature for 30min to allow sufficient contact between vitamins and EGCG to agglomerate to form nanoparticles. Then 27. Mu.L of Fe 2+ solution was added, the molar ratio of Fe 2+ to EGCG being 1:4.Fe 2+ can stabilize the agglomerated particles. The total volume was made up to 4ml using PBS. The resulting solution was dialyzed against a low concentration of phosphate buffer (0.01 mmol, pH 7.2) for 2 days to remove impurities (molecular weight cut-off 3.0 kDa). The PVC C solution was then used to prepare a dry powder using a freeze-drying process.
The fluorescence-labeled EGCG constructs a PVC water-soluble vitamin nutrient model, using fluorescein FITC-labeled EGCG (or TA). EGCG (or TA) (50 mg) and FITC (1 mg) were dissolved in 9mL of physiological saline and 1mL of phosphate buffer (0.05 mmol, pH 9.0). FITC-labeled EGCG (TA) was dialyzed in PBS (0.01 m, ph 7.2) in darkness for 2 days (molecular weight cut off 3.0 kDa), and lyophilized. Then, according to the method, the PVC water-soluble vitamin is constructed.
Comparative example
Preparation of vitamin mineral complexes for control group:
An emulsion of oil-soluble vitamin (10 mgmL -1) was mixed with a water-soluble vitamin solution (10 mgmL -1) at a volume ratio of 1:1, and 54. Mu.L of FeSO 4·7H2O(2.8mgmL-1 solution was added. Stirring for 1h at room temperature, and lyophilizing to obtain powder, namely constructing the common vitamin mineral complex of the control group.
The performance was characterized as follows:
(1) The PVC E、PVCC vitamin nutrition model was observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM, thermoFisherScientificInc., USA). As shown in fig. 1, the negative-dyeing TEM photograph shows that the PVC E oil-soluble vitamin model presents a core-shell structure, while the PVC C water-soluble vitamin model presents irregular morphology particles, the irregular morphology, which indicates that the polyphenol-vitamin-metal particles form composite nano particles.
(2) As shown in FIG. 2, the ultraviolet visible spectrum (UV-Vis, thermoNanoDrop, USA) shows that the water-soluble and oil-soluble vitamins all show absorption peaks at about 330nm after being modified by the EGCG-Fe 2+ complex, and the EGCG-Fe 2+ complex forms a thin PVC shell on the surface of the vitamins.
(3) The analysis results of the Zeta potentiometer are shown in fig. 3, which shows that the PVC shell is formed on the vitamin surface. The Zeta potential values of the water-soluble vitamins were reduced from-3.9 (VC), -14.6 (VB 2), -12.3 (VB 5), -12.4 (VB 9) and-5.2 (VB 12) to-9.2 (VC), -24.8 (VB 2), -18.4 (VB 5), -28.1 (VB 9) and-18.7 (VB 12), respectively; the Zeta potential values of the oil-soluble vitamins are reduced from-14.6 (VA), -15.8 (VD 3), -12.3 (VE) to-20.1 (VA), -24.8 (VD 3), and-21.4 (VE). The value of Zeta potential of the nutrient substance modified by EGCG-Fe 2+ is negatively moved because the complex of polyphenol-metal has more negative potential, and the charge property of the surface of the vitamin particles is changed.
(4) Dynamic light scattering (DYNAMICLIGHTSCATTERING, DLS) test. Fig. 4 is a graph of particle size characterization before and after vitamin modification. Figure (a) is oil-soluble vitamin A, (b) is vitamin D3, (c) is vitamin E, and (D) the particle size characterization of the water-soluble vitamin before and after modification by EGCG-Fe 2+. As shown, the oil-soluble vitamins can be dispersed in water to form nano-sized colloidal particles having particle sizes of 243 (VA), 239 (VD 3), and 242 (VE) nm, respectively. After modification of EGCG-Fe 2+, the particle size is not changed obviously, which indicates that EGCG-Fe 2+ forms a thin shell layer on the surface of oil-soluble vitamin. The aqueous solution vitamin has no particle size in the solution, and after EGCG-Fe 2+ is added, nano particles are formed, the particle size is 100-400nm, which indicates that EGCG-Fe 2+ reacts with water-soluble vitamin and agglomerates to form particles.
(5) Animal experiment
To investigate the residence time and absorption time of the PVC vitamins, 2mL of 2mgmL -1 of the PVC ADE oil-soluble vitamins and the PVC water-soluble vitamins were mixed into a solution, the PVC mixed vitamins were prepared for oral administration to healthy rats, and the common mixed vitamins were used as a control group to perform gastric lavage on the rats. Blood is drawn for 0-8h respectively for detecting the vitamin content of blood. After 24h rats were sacrificed and gastrointestinal conditions were dissected. Some rats were sacrificed for dissection at 2h, 2-3 cm jejunal tissue was dissected, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for morphological observation.
To evaluate the effect of PVC intake in vivo, and considering vitamin metabolism, a part of rats were sacrificed after 2h of intragastric administration, the gastrointestinal tract was dissected, and the tissue morphology of jejunum and ileum was observed at 2h (fig. 5). The difference between PVC vitamins and plain vitamins was evident in the jejunum and ileum at 2 h. The dissected photographs show that PVC vitamins attach to the mucosal side of the jejunum and ileum after 2 hours (dark materials in the figure demonstrate adhesion of PVC complex nutrients to the intestinal wall). This was not observed in the group of rats dosed with normal vitamins.
To further investigate the absorption of vitamins, we studied the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution for 8 h. Tail blood was drawn every 2 hours after oral administration to healthy rats and the fluorescence concentration in plasma samples was determined. As shown in fig. 6, the time scale for the peak concentration of each PVC group in plasma was significantly longer than the corresponding unmodified vitamin group, while the area under the plasma concentration-time curve was not reduced beyond 8h, which fully demonstrates that the absorption rate of PVC-modified vitamins in the intestinal tract was significantly improved.
To investigate the absorption effect of minerals in PVC vitamins, oil-soluble vitamins and PVC water-soluble vitamins were mixed into PVC ADE solution (2 ml, 2ml -1) and administered orally to healthy rats, and normal vitamin mineral nutrients were used as a control group to perfuse the stomach of the rats. Blood vitamin content detection is carried out by drawing blood for 3 hours respectively. As shown in fig. 7, the blood concentration of the rats fed with the vitamin complex mineral supplement for 3 hours is observed, and the content of Fe in the plasma is found to be significantly higher than that of the common vitamin complex mineral fed with the PVC, which fully demonstrates that the absorption rate of the vitamin and mineral modified by PVC in the intestinal tract is significantly improved.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any simple modification, equivalent changes and modification made to the above-mentioned embodiments according to the technical matters of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The polyphenol-based vitamin complex is characterized in that plant polyphenol and mineral substances are used for complexing to form a nano-network material, the nano-network material is combined with vitamin molecules, and the polyphenol-based vitamin complex is formed through wrapping or agglomeration adsorption;
The mineral is zinc ion Zn 2+ or ferrous ion Fe 2+;
The plant polyphenol is one or more of epigallocatechin gallate, rutin and anthocyanin;
the vitamin is one or more of oil-soluble vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E;
The preparation method of the polyphenol-based vitamin complex comprises the following steps:
(1) Dissolving oil-soluble vitamins in soybean oil to prepare an oiling agent, adding the oiling agent into phosphate buffer solution, and performing ultrasonic treatment to form vitamin emulsion;
(2) Dissolving plant polyphenol in ultrapure water to form a polyphenol aqueous solution; dissolving a soluble salt containing Zn 2+ or Fe 2+ in another part of ultrapure water to obtain a mineral water solution;
(3) Adding vitamin emulsion into polyphenol water solution, performing ultrasonic treatment, then adding mineral water solution, uniformly mixing, performing centrifugal separation, and taking the upper emulsion to obtain polyphenol-based vitamin complex;
The polyphenol-based vitamin complex has long residence time in the gastrointestinal tract and promotes the absorption of vitamins and minerals by the gastrointestinal tract.
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| US2920015A (en) * | 1957-08-27 | 1960-01-05 | Armour & Co | Long-acting vitamin b12 |
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| AU2006338273B2 (en) * | 2006-02-10 | 2011-10-13 | Mannatech, Inc. | All natural multivitamin and multimineral dietary supplement formulations for enhanced absorption and biological utilization |
| AT504176A2 (en) * | 2006-08-16 | 2008-03-15 | Porta Lang & Klasnic Keg | BIOPOLYPHENOL-METAL ION COMPLEXES |
| US9005664B2 (en) * | 2010-10-17 | 2015-04-14 | Technion Research And Development Foundation Ltd. | Denatured lactoglobulin and polyphenol coassemblies |
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| IT201700036744A1 (en) * | 2017-04-04 | 2018-10-04 | Noivita S R L S | COMPOSITION AND ITS DERIVED USES |
| CN111714643A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2020-09-29 | 约翰霍普金斯大学 | A kind of tannic acid/Fe3+ nanoparticle system, drug delivery method |
| CN114642241B (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2024-01-26 | 武汉轻工大学 | Composite plant polyphenol chelate and application method thereof |
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| US2920015A (en) * | 1957-08-27 | 1960-01-05 | Armour & Co | Long-acting vitamin b12 |
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| Ascorbic Acid Offsets the Inhibitory Effect of Bioactive Dietary Polyphenolic Compounds on Transepithelial Iron Transport in Caco-2 Intestinal Cells;EunYoung Kim et al.;The Journal of Nutrition;20110531;第828页摘要 * |
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