CN115791982A - Laser ultrasonic residual stress detection system and method based on orthogonal thermal grating - Google Patents
Laser ultrasonic residual stress detection system and method based on orthogonal thermal grating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application relates to a laser ultrasonic residual stress detection system and method based on orthogonal thermal grids, which relate to the technical field of stress detection, and the system comprises: the laser excitation detection module is used for exciting and detecting laser ultrasonic waves for the component to be detected; the laser modulation module is used for modulating the laser ultrasonic waves with different incident depths and simultaneously generating the laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction and the laser ultrasonic waves in the Y direction; the mechanical processing module is used for controlling the receiving positions of the laser ultrasonic signals in the X direction and the laser ultrasonic signals in the Y direction; the signal processing module is used for calculating residual stress distribution of the component to be detected according to the laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction, the laser ultrasonic waves in the Y direction and the acoustoelastic theoretical stress of different incident depths; the laser excitation detection module, the laser modulation module and the mechanical processing module are all electrically connected with the signal processing module. This application has the effect that the interior limit residual stress of the component of waiting to detect is quick, effective, accurate to detect in the realization.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of stress detection, in particular to a laser ultrasonic residual stress detection system and method based on an orthogonal thermal grating.
Background
The metal additive manufacturing process is a process accompanied with complex multi-physical field coupling of physics, chemistry and the like, internal lattice deformation of a metal component can be caused by processes of welding, casting, forging, machining and the like, residual stress can be generated inevitably, the ultimate strength and the fatigue strength of the component are greatly reduced, even cracks and brittle fracture can be generated, and parts are deformed due to relaxation of the residual stress in processing and use, so that the size, the position precision and the whole machine performance of the component are greatly influenced. Therefore, it is important to detect the residual stress of the metal.
At present, a nondestructive testing method of a stress field mainly comprises the following steps: x-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, magnetic measurement, ultrasonic measurement, and the like. The ultrasonic measurement method is widely applied due to the advantages of simple equipment, simple and convenient operation, wide measurement range, low requirement on a test surface and the like.
As a new ultrasonic detection technology, the laser ultrasonic measurement method has the advantages of non-contact, high resolution, easy realization of rapid automatic detection of complex components and the like.
However, the existing laser ultrasonic detection method can only detect the residual stress in one direction by one detection, if the residual stress condition in two directions is to be detected, the component to be detected needs to be scanned again in the other direction, the direction of changing the residual stress of the component to be detected usually rotates the XY two-dimensional scanning platform by controlling the mechanical arm to realize the scanning of the component to be detected in the other direction, and the component to be detected may move in the rotation process of the component to be detected, so that the position of the component to be detected after rotation is measured to deviate from the position of the component to be detected, and the situation that the measurement position is not matched occurs, so that the residual stress measurement of the component to be detected is inaccurate, and the component to be detected is scanned for multiple times, and the measurement time is long.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to realize rapid, effective and accurate detection of the residual stress of the inner edge of a component to be detected, the application provides a laser ultrasonic residual stress detection system and method based on an orthogonal thermal grating.
In a first aspect, the application provides a laser ultrasonic residual stress detection system based on an orthogonal thermal gate, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a laser ultrasonic residual stress detection system based on orthogonal thermal grids comprises:
the laser excitation detection module is used for exciting and detecting laser ultrasonic waves for the component to be detected;
the laser modulation module is used for modulating the laser ultrasonic waves with different incident depths and simultaneously generating the laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction and the laser ultrasonic waves in the Y direction;
the mechanical processing module is used for controlling the receiving positions of the laser ultrasonic signals in the X direction and the laser ultrasonic signals in the Y direction;
the signal processing module is used for calculating the residual stress distribution of the member to be detected according to the laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction, the laser ultrasonic waves in the Y direction and the acoustoelastic theoretical stress of different incident depths;
the laser excitation detection module, the laser modulation module and the mechanical processing module are all electrically connected with the signal processing module.
Through adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, utilize laser modulation module to modulate laser-excited laser ultrasonic wave's wavelength, when obtaining the laser ultrasonic wave that can regulate and control the incident depth, still can stimulate same degree of depth simultaneously, the laser ultrasonic wave of equidirectional not, through the accurate scanning position of control laser ultrasonic wave of mechanical treatment module and utilize the laser ultrasonic wave of different incident depths and equidirectional not to treat the residual stress of the different degree of depth of component and equidirectional and detect, because the laser ultrasonic wave of equidirectional not excites simultaneously, it needs to treat the component to detect to have reduced to change residual stress detection direction among the prior art, treat the detection position of detecting the component and probably take place relative movement's possibility, it is quick to realize treating the interior residual stress of detecting the component, and is effective, accurate detection.
Optionally, the laser ultrasonic wave is a narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave.
By adopting the technical scheme, the original laser is converted into the narrow-bandwidth laser, so that the sensitivity is high and the penetration capability is strong.
Optionally, the laser excitation detection module includes a laser, a beam combiner, a galvanometer and a laser ultrasonic detection device, where the laser ultrasonic detection device includes two interferometers, and the two interferometers are symmetrically arranged; the output end of the laser and the output end of the interferometer are both connected with the incident end of the beam combining mirror, and the output end of the beam combining mirror is connected with the incident end of the galvanometer;
the laser is used for exciting laser for the component to be detected; the interferometer is used for detecting ultrasonic surface wave signals of the component to be detected; the beam combining mirror is used for combining the light of the laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction and the light of the laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction into a light path; the galvanometer is used for adjusting the position of the member to be detected through laser irradiation scanning.
Optionally, the laser modulation module includes a laser modulator, and the laser modulator is an orthogonal grating modulator; or, a quadrature optical mask modulator.
By adopting the technical scheme, the orthogonal grating modulator is adopted; or, the orthogonal optical mask modulator can regulate and control the laser emitted by the laser into orthogonal laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction and laser ultrasonic waves in the Y direction, and the measurement of the residual stress distribution of the component to be detected can be quickly realized by acquiring the laser ultrasonic wave signals corresponding to the orthogonal stripe images, so that the measurement error caused by possible position inconsistency during ultrasonic surface wave scanning in two directions is reduced, the precision of the residual stress of the component to be detected is improved, the scanning times are reduced, and the speed of measuring the residual stress of the component to be detected is improved.
Optionally, the stress testing device further comprises a processing module of the member to be tested, which is used for acquiring material information, structural characteristic information and testing requirement information of the member to be tested, and determining a stress testing position and at least one stress testing depth according to the material information, the structural characteristic information and the testing requirement information of the member to be tested.
By adopting the technical scheme, the stress detection position and the stress test depth of the member to be detected are determined according to the material information, the structural characteristic information and the test requirement information of the member to be detected, so that the residual stress distribution of the member to be detected is measured to better meet the stress test requirement of the member to be detected, and the applicability of detecting the residual stress is improved.
Optionally, the to-be-detected component processing module comprises a binocular camera; the binocular camera is used for acquiring binocular images of the component to be detected; and generating structural characteristic information of the component to be detected based on the binocular image, wherein the structural characteristic information comprises the three-dimensional appearance of the component to be detected.
By adopting the technical scheme, the binocular image of the component to be detected is acquired by scanning the component to be detected through the binocular camera, the three-dimensional appearance of the component to be detected can be provided for the user interface to be displayed according to the three-dimensional appearance of the component to be detected through the binocular camera, and the user can conveniently determine the test requirement on the residual stress according to the three-dimensional appearance.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for detecting laser ultrasonic residual stress based on an orthogonal grating, which is applied to any one of the systems for detecting laser ultrasonic residual stress based on an orthogonal grating in the first aspect, and adopts the following technical scheme:
a laser ultrasonic residual stress detection method based on orthogonal grating comprises the following steps:
selecting at least one laser ultrasonic wavelength according to at least one stress test depth, and enabling a laser excitation detection module to generate laser;
modulating relevant parameters of a laser modulation module to enable a laser to simultaneously output narrow-band laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction and narrow-band laser ultrasonic waves in the Y direction, wherein the narrow-band laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction and the narrow-band laser ultrasonic waves in the Y direction have the same laser ultrasonic wave length, and narrow-band laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction and narrow-band laser ultrasonic waves in the Y direction with different incident depths are obtained;
the mechanical processing module is used for controlling the scanning of the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction and the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction on the stress detection position;
and the signal processing module calculates the residual stress distribution of the member to be detected according to the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction, the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction and the acoustoelastic theoretical stress.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, utilize laser modulation module to modulate laser-excited laser ultrasonic's wavelength, when obtaining the laser ultrasonic who can regulate and control the incident depth, still can stimulate same degree of depth simultaneously, the laser ultrasonic of equidirectional not, through the scanning position of the accurate control laser ultrasonic of mechanical treatment module and utilize the laser ultrasonic of different incident depths and equidirectional not to treat the residual stress that detects the different degree of depth of component and equidirectional and detect, because the laser ultrasonic of equidirectional excites simultaneously, it needs to wait to detect the component to have reduced to change residual stress detection direction among the prior art, the detection position of waiting to detect the component probably takes place relative movement's possibility, it is quick to realize treating the interior residual stress of detecting the component, and is effective, accurate detection.
Optionally, modulating relevant parameters of the laser modulator so that the laser module outputs the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction and the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction at the same time, where the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction and the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction are the same as the laser ultrasonic wave length, includes:
projecting pulse laser through an orthogonal grating modulator, projecting the pulse laser at the surface stress detection position of a component to be detected by using a lens of a galvanometer to form an image of an orthogonal grating, and forming narrow-band laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction and the Y direction which are the same as the laser ultrasonic wave length under the excitation of the pulse laser;
or the pulse laser is projected through an orthogonal optical mask modulator, projected at the surface stress detection position of the component to be detected, and outputs the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction and the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction which have the same laser ultrasonic wave length.
By adopting the technical scheme, the orthogonal grating modulator is adopted; or, the orthogonal optical mask modulator can regulate and control the laser emitted by the laser into orthogonal laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction and laser ultrasonic waves in the Y direction, and the measurement of the residual stress distribution of the component to be detected can be quickly realized by acquiring the laser ultrasonic wave signals corresponding to the orthogonal stripe images, so that the measurement error caused by possible position inconsistency during ultrasonic surface wave scanning in two directions is reduced, the precision of the residual stress of the component to be detected is improved, the scanning times are reduced, and the speed of measuring the residual stress of the component to be detected is improved.
Optionally, the residual stress distribution of the member to be detected, which is calculated according to the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction, the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction, and the acoustic elastic theoretical stress, includes:
acquiring a narrow-band laser ultrasonic signal detected on a component to be detected by a laser ultrasonic detection device; the narrow-band ultrasonic signals comprise narrow-band laser ultrasonic signals in the X direction and narrow-band laser ultrasonic signals in the Y direction;
calculating the propagation speed of the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction based on the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave signal in the X direction; calculating the propagation speed of the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction based on the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave signal in the Y direction;
and the distribution of the residual stress of the stress testing component along the X direction and the Y direction along with the depth is tested on the basis of the propagation speed of the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave, the stress testing depth and the acoustoelastic theory stress.
Optionally, the distribution of the residual stress of the stress testing member along the X direction and the Y direction with the depth based on the propagation speed of the narrowband laser ultrasonic wave, the stress testing depth and the acoustoelastic theory stress testing member includes:
calculating the propagation speed of the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction and the propagation speed of the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction; the relation formula of the speed, the wavelength and the frequency of the laser ultrasonic wave is as follows:
c＝λf
wherein c is laser ultrasonic velocity (m/s), λ is laser ultrasonic wavelength (nm), and f is laser ultrasonic frequency (MHz);
the formula of the stress test depth is h =2a lambda
Wherein h is the incident depth (mm) of the ultrasonic surface wave, and alpha is a correction coefficient;
calculating the residual stress of the component based on the propagation speed of the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction, the propagation speed of the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction, the stress test depth and the acoustoelastic theoretical stress; the residual stress is calculated by the formula:
σ - σ 0=K (t-t 0) or Δ σ = K Δ t, wherein:
Δ σ — amount of change in residual stress (stress difference), σ = σ - σ 0,
Δ t- -amount of change in propagation time (acoustic time difference), t = t-to
The K-stress coefficient is related to the material of the component to be detected and the detection distance of the laser, and can be obtained by calibration of a tensile test.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the wavelength of laser ultrasonic waves excited by laser is modulated by utilizing a laser modulation module, the laser ultrasonic waves with adjustable incidence depth can be obtained, meanwhile, the laser ultrasonic waves with the same depth and different directions can be excited simultaneously, the scanning positions of the laser ultrasonic waves are accurately controlled by a mechanical processing module, and the residual stresses of the members to be detected in different depths and different directions are detected by utilizing the laser ultrasonic waves with different incidence depths and different directions;
2. passing through a quadrature grating modulator; or, the orthogonal optical mask modulator can regulate and control the laser emitted by the laser into orthogonal laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction and laser ultrasonic waves in the Y direction, and the measurement of the residual stress distribution of the component to be detected can be quickly realized by acquiring the laser ultrasonic wave signals corresponding to the orthogonal stripe images, so that the measurement error caused by possible position inconsistency during ultrasonic surface wave scanning in two directions is reduced, the precision of the residual stress of the component to be detected is improved, the scanning times are reduced, and the speed of measuring the residual stress of the component to be detected is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a laser ultrasonic residual stress detection system based on an orthogonal thermal grating according to an embodiment of the present application
FIG. 2 is a connection block diagram of a device in the laser ultrasonic residual stress detection system based on the orthogonal thermal grating according to the embodiment of the application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the orthogonal optical path of the laser in the embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application in a signal receiving position of an interferometer.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser modulator according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a laser ultrasonic residual stress detection method based on an orthogonal thermal grating according to an embodiment of the present application.
Description of the drawings: 10. a laser excitation detection module; 101. a laser; 102. an interferometer; 103. a galvanometer 105 and a beam combiner; 20. a laser modulation module; 201. a laser modulator; 30. a mechanical processing module; 40. a signal processing module; 50. a component to be detected processing module; 501. XY two-dimensional scanning platform, 502, binocular camera.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In addition, the term "and/or" herein is only one kind of association relationship describing an associated object, and means that there may be three kinds of relationships, for example, a and/or B, which may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship, unless otherwise specified.
The embodiment of the application provides a laser ultrasonic residual stress detection system based on an orthogonal thermal grating, and the embodiment of the application is further described in detail with reference to the attached drawings of the specification.
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a laser ultrasonic residual stress detection system based on orthogonal thermal grids according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
The laser ultrasonic residual stress detection system based on the orthogonal thermal grating comprises a laser excitation detection module 10, a laser modulation module 20, a mechanical processing module 30 and a signal processing module 40, wherein the laser excitation detection module 10, the laser modulation module 20 and the mechanical processing module 30 are all electrically connected with the signal processing module 40.
The laser excitation detection module 10 is used for exciting and detecting laser ultrasonic waves for a component to be detected; in one embodiment, the excited laser ultrasonic wave is a narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave, and original laser is converted into the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave, so that the sensitivity is high and the penetration capability is strong. The laser excitation detection module 10 comprises a laser 101, a beam combiner 105, a galvanometer 103 and a laser ultrasonic detection device, wherein the laser ultrasonic detection device comprises two interferometers 102, and the two interferometers 102 are symmetrically arranged; the output end of the laser 101 and the output end of the interferometer 102 are both connected to the incident end of the beam combiner 105, the output end of the beam combiner 105 is connected to the incident end of the galvanometer 103, the laser 101 is connected to the signal processing module 40, and the signal processing module 40 adjusts relevant parameters of the laser 101 according to the test requirements of the member to be tested, in one embodiment, the laser 101 may be an Nd: YAG laser, pulse laser, solid laser, semiconductor laser, and the like.
The laser modulation module 20 is configured to modulate the laser ultrasonic waves with different incident depths and generate laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction and laser ultrasonic waves in the Y direction at the same time; fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a laser orthogonal optical path modulated by a laser modulation module, wherein the X direction and the Y direction are orthogonal directions.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the laser 101 is used to excite a laser for the component to be detected; the interferometer 102 is used for detecting an ultrasonic surface wave signal of a member to be detected, fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of signal receiving positions of two interferometers in the embodiment of the application, as shown in fig. 4, an orthogonal laser ultrasonic excitation point is a stress detection position of the member to be detected, a laser 101 excites a laser orthogonal light path to the stress detection position, the interferometer 1 receives a laser ultrasonic signal in a Y direction, and the interferometer 2 receives a laser ultrasonic signal in an X direction; the beam combining mirror 105 is used for combining the light of the laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction and the light of the laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction into a light path; the galvanometer 103 is used for adjusting the position of the member to be detected scanned by laser irradiation.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a laser modulator according to an embodiment of the present application.
The laser modulation module 20 includes a laser modulator 201, and in one embodiment, the laser modulator 201 is an orthogonal grating modulator, the orthogonal grating modulator includes an orthogonal grating and a lens, and the widths of slits of the orthogonal grating are the same; the output end of the laser 101 is connected with the incident end of the orthogonal grating, the incident end of the output end lens of the orthogonal grating is connected, the output end of the lens is connected with the incident end of the galvanometer 103, the orthogonal grating is used for converting laser into orthogonal grating lines, the grating refraction principle is used for refracting the light path of the grating through the lens, and the orthogonal laser light path is projected on the surface stress detection position of the component to be detected through the galvanometer 103.
In one embodiment, the laser modulator 201 is an orthogonal optical mask modulator, the orthogonal optical mask modulator includes an orthogonal mask and a lens, an output end of the laser 101 is connected with an incident end of the orthogonal optical mask, an output end of the orthogonal optical mask is connected with an incident end of the lens, an output end of the lens is connected with an incident end of the galvanometer 103, the orthogonal optical mask is arranged near the upstream of the lens or is combined in the lens, a pattern designed according to the testing requirement of the component to be detected is arranged on the orthogonal optical mask, and an orthogonal laser light path output by the laser 101 is projected onto the lens by using the orthogonal optical mask, so that the orthogonal laser light path is projected on the surface stress detection position of the component to be detected through the galvanometer 103.
Passing through a quadrature grating modulator; or, the orthogonal optical mask modulator modulates the laser output by the laser 101, so that the laser light path in the X direction and the laser light path in the Y direction shown in fig. 3 can be simultaneously output by one-time excitation, so that the laser output by the laser 101 can be regulated, and the measurement of the residual stress distribution of the component to be detected can be rapidly realized by acquiring the laser ultrasonic signal corresponding to the orthogonal stripe image, thereby not only reducing the measurement error caused by the possible inconsistency of the positions during the ultrasonic surface wave scanning in the two directions, improving the precision of the component to be detected in measuring the residual stress, but also reducing the scanning times, and improving the speed of measuring the residual stress of the component to be detected.
The mechanical processing module 30 is configured to control receiving positions of the laser ultrasonic signal in the X direction and the laser ultrasonic signal in the Y direction, so that the receiving positions of the laser ultrasonic signal in the X direction and the laser ultrasonic signal in the Y direction are consistent with a stress detection position of the member to be detected; the mechanical processing module 30 includes a mechanical arm (not shown in the figure), the mechanical arm is connected to the galvanometer 103, the interferometers 102 and the laser 101, and the galvanometer 103, the interferometers 102, the laser 101 and the beam combiner 105 are controlled by the mechanical arm to move, so that the laser 101 simultaneously excites laser in an X direction and laser path in a Y direction to a stress detection position of a member to be detected, one of the interferometers 102 detects laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction on the surface of the member to be detected, the other interferometer 102 detects laser ultrasonic waves in the Y direction on the surface of the member to be detected, and the laser ultrasonic waves excited by the laser 101 coincide with the laser ultrasonic waves respectively detected by the two interferometers 102 by adjusting the angle of the beam combiner 105.
And the signal processing module 40 is used for calculating the residual stress distribution of the member to be detected according to the laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction, the laser ultrasonic waves in the Y direction and the acoustoelastic theoretical stress of different incidence depths. The signal processing module 40 includes a calculation unit, and a calculation formula of the residual stress distribution of the member to be detected, which is calculated according to the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction, the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction, and the acoustoelastic theoretical stress, is preset in the calculation unit. The interferometer 102 sends the laser ultrasonic wave signal in the X direction and the laser ultrasonic wave signal in the Y direction to the signal processing module 40 for signal processing, and the calculation unit calculates the residual stress distribution of the member to be detected in the stress detection position along with the two directions of the X direction and the Y direction in the depth direction according to a preset calculation formula.
In addition, the signal processing module 40 further includes a control unit, and the control unit is configured to adjust the posture related parameters of the mechanical arm according to the stress detection position of the member to be detected, and is further configured to adjust the related parameters of the laser modulator 201 and the laser 101 according to the stress test depth of the member to be detected.
Further, the laser ultrasonic residual stress detection system based on the orthogonal thermal grid further comprises a to-be-detected member processing module 50, the to-be-detected member processing module 50 is electrically connected with the signal processing module 40, the to-be-detected member processing module 50 is used for acquiring material information, structural characteristic information and test requirement information of a to-be-detected member, determining a stress detection position and at least one stress test depth according to the material information, the structural characteristic information and the test requirement information of the to-be-detected member, determining the stress detection position and the at least one stress test depth and sending the stress detection position and the at least one stress test depth to the control unit of the signal processing module 40, and the control unit controls the laser 101 and the laser modulation module 20 to adjust corresponding parameters.
The member-to-be-detected processing module 50 includes a binocular camera 502 (neither shown in the drawings) and an XY two-dimensional scanning platform 501. The binocular camera 502 is used for acquiring binocular images of the component to be detected; and generating structural characteristic information of the component to be detected according to the binocular image, wherein the structural characteristic information comprises the three-dimensional appearance of the component to be detected. The binocular camera 502 is connected with the mechanical arm, and the binocular camera 502 can be controlled through machinery to move so as to scan the component to be detected. The XY two-dimensional scanning platform 501 is used for placing a component to be detected, so that the binocular camera 502 accurately scans the component to be detected on the XY two-dimensional scanning platform 501.
In addition, the system also comprises a software control platform which is used for realizing a unified control interface of the modules, and realizing the control and monitoring of the laser 101, the interferometer 102, the mechanical arm, the binocular camera 502 and other external auxiliary equipment and the visual display of the stress detection depth and position of the component to be detected and the distribution of residual stress.
The above is a description of the system in the embodiment of the present application, and the scheme described in the present application is further described below by way of a method embodiment.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for detecting laser ultrasonic residual stress based on an orthogonal thermal grating according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
A laser ultrasonic residual stress detection method based on an orthogonal thermal gate is applied to the laser ultrasonic residual stress detection system based on the orthogonal thermal gate, and comprises the following steps (S1-S5):
step S1, acquiring material information, structural characteristic information and test requirement information of a component to be detected by using a processing module 50 of the component to be detected, and determining a stress detection position and at least one stress test depth according to the material information, the structural characteristic information and the test requirement information of the component to be detected;
in one embodiment, the material of the member to be detected can be input into the processing module 50 of the member to be detected by a user, and the laser absorbance and the luminous intensity of the sample to be detected can also be determined by the reflectivity measuring device for qualitative analysis, so as to determine the material of the sample to be detected; the structural characteristic information comprises information such as three-dimensional appearance, size and the like of the component to be detected; the testing requirements can be preset in the processing module 50 of the component to be detected according to the material and the structural characteristics of the component to be detected, and can also be input into the processing module 50 of the component to be detected by a user;
s2, selecting at least one laser ultrasonic wavelength according to at least one stress test depth, and enabling the laser excitation detection module 10 to generate laser;
in one embodiment, the processing module 50 for the member to be inspected searches the corresponding optimal ultrasonic wavelength from the database according to the at least one stress test depth.
S3, modulating relevant parameters of the laser modulation module 20 to enable the laser 101 to simultaneously output narrow-band laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction and narrow-band laser ultrasonic waves in the Y direction, wherein the narrow-band laser ultrasonic waves have the same wavelength as the laser ultrasonic waves, and the narrow-band laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction and the narrow-band laser ultrasonic waves in the Y direction are obtained at different incident depths;
specifically, laser is converted into orthogonal grating lines through an orthogonal grating modulator, the optical path of a grating is refracted by using an orthogonal grating refraction principle, so that the orthogonal laser optical path is projected on the surface stress detection position of the component to be detected by using a vibrating mirror 103, and narrow-band laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction and narrow-band laser ultrasonic waves in the Y direction which are the same as the laser ultrasonic wave length are output;
or, an orthogonal laser light path output by the laser 101 is projected at a surface stress detection position of a component to be detected through an orthogonal optical mask modulator, and a narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction and a narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction which are the same as the laser ultrasonic wave length are output;
s4, controlling the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction and the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction to scan at the stress detection position by using the mechanical processing module 30;
and S5, calculating the residual stress distribution of the member to be detected according to the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction, the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction and the acoustoelastic theoretical stress.
Specifically, a narrow-band laser ultrasonic signal detected on a component to be detected by a laser ultrasonic detection device is obtained; the narrow-band ultrasonic signals comprise narrow-band laser ultrasonic signals in the X direction and narrow-band laser ultrasonic signals in the Y direction;
calculating the propagation speed of the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction based on the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave signal in the X direction; calculating the propagation speed of the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction based on the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave signal in the Y direction;
and testing the distribution of the residual stress of the component along the depth in the X direction and the Y direction based on the propagation speed of the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave, the stress testing depth and the acoustic elastic theory stress.
Calculating the propagation speed of the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction and the propagation speed of the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction; the relation formula of the speed, the wavelength and the frequency of the laser ultrasonic wave is as follows:
c = λ f; wherein c is laser ultrasonic velocity (m/s), λ is laser ultrasonic wavelength (nm), and f is laser ultrasonic frequency (MHz);
the formula of the stress test depth is h =2a λ; wherein h is the incident depth (mm) of the ultrasonic surface wave, and alpha is a correction coefficient;
calculating the residual stress of the component based on the propagation speed of the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction, the propagation speed of the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction, the stress test depth and the acoustoelastic theoretical stress; the residual stress is calculated by the formula:
σ - σ 0=K (t-t 0) or Δ σ = K Δ t, wherein:
Δ σ — amount of change in residual stress (stress difference), σ = σ - σ 0,
Δ t — variation of propagation time (acoustic time difference), t = t-to
The K-stress coefficient is related to the material of the component to be detected and the detection distance of the laser, and can be obtained by calibration of a tensile test.
In one embodiment, for example, the spectral components of λ 1 and λ 2 laser ultrasonic waves selected according to the stress detection depth of the sample to be detected, h1 and h2 are the incident depths of the laser ultrasonic waves, respectively, and according to the acoustoelastic theory, λ 1 laser ultrasonic waves and λ 2 laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction in the inner parts of the workpiece to be detected, h1 and h2 residual stresses σ 11 and σ 21, and λ 1 laser ultrasonic waves and λ 2 laser ultrasonic waves in the y direction in the inner parts of the workpiece to be detected, h1 and h2 residual stresses σ 12 and σ 22, respectively, can be calculated simultaneously. Performing difference-by-difference processing on the residual stress of the laser ultrasonic waves h1 and h2 with two frequencies to obtain the residual stress with two gradient depths of h1 and h2-h1 in the X direction and the Y direction respectively, wherein the residual stress in the X direction is distributed to sigma 11 and sigma 21-sigma 11; residual stress distribution sigma 12, sigma 22-sigma 12 in Y direction; and the rest is analogized to the residual stress distribution of other ultrasonic surface waves with different penetration depths.
The invention provides a laser ultrasonic residual stress detection system and method based on orthogonal thermal grids, which utilize a laser modulation module to modulate the wavelength of laser ultrasonic waves excited by laser to obtain laser ultrasonic waves with adjustable incident depth, and simultaneously excite laser ultrasonic waves with the same depth and different directions.
The foregoing description is only exemplary of the preferred embodiments of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the scope of the application referred to in the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a particular combination of the above-mentioned features, but also encompasses other embodiments with any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the spirit of the application. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions as those described in this application.
Claims (10)
1. A laser ultrasonic residual stress detection system based on orthogonal thermal grids is characterized by comprising:
the laser excitation detection module (10) is used for exciting and detecting laser ultrasonic waves for the component to be detected;
the laser modulation module (20) is used for modulating the laser ultrasonic waves with different incidence depths and simultaneously generating the laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction and the laser ultrasonic waves in the Y direction;
the mechanical processing module (30) is used for controlling the receiving positions of the laser ultrasonic signals in the X direction and the laser ultrasonic signals in the Y direction;
the signal processing module (40) is used for calculating the residual stress distribution of the component to be detected according to the laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction, the laser ultrasonic waves in the Y direction and the acoustoelastic theoretical stress of different incident depths;
the laser excitation detection module (10), the laser modulation module (20) and the mechanical processing module (30) are all electrically connected with the signal processing module (40).
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the laser ultrasound is narrow band laser ultrasound.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the laser excitation detection module (10) comprises a laser (101), a beam combiner (105), a galvanometer (103) and a laser ultrasonic detection device, wherein the laser ultrasonic detection device comprises two interferometers (102), and the two interferometers (102) are symmetrically arranged; the output end of the laser (101) and the output end of the interferometer (102) are both connected with the incident end of the beam combiner (105), and the output end of the beam combiner (105) is connected with the incident end of the galvanometer (103);
the laser (101) is used for exciting laser for the component to be detected; the interferometer (102) is used for detecting an ultrasonic surface wave signal of a component to be detected; the beam combining mirror (105) is used for combining the light of the laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction and the light of the laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction into a light path; the galvanometer (103) is used for adjusting the position of the member to be detected which is irradiated and scanned by the laser.
4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the laser modulation module (20) comprises a laser modulator (201), the laser modulator (201) being a quadrature grating modulator; or, a quadrature optical mask modulator.
5. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
the processing module (50) of the component to be detected is used for acquiring material information, structural characteristic information and testing requirement information of the component to be detected, and determining a stress detection position and at least one stress testing depth according to the material information, the structural characteristic information and the testing requirement information of the component to be detected.
6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that the to-be-detected component processing module (50) comprises a binocular camera (502); the binocular camera (502) is used for acquiring binocular images of the component to be detected; and generating structural characteristic information of the component to be detected based on the binocular image, wherein the structural characteristic information comprises the three-dimensional appearance of the component to be detected.
7. A laser ultrasonic residual stress detection method based on an orthogonal thermal gate is applied to the laser ultrasonic residual stress detection system based on the orthogonal thermal gate in any one of claims 1 to 6, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting at least one laser ultrasonic wavelength according to at least one stress test depth, and enabling a laser excitation detection module (10) to generate laser;
relevant parameters of the laser modulation module (20) are modulated to enable the laser (101) to simultaneously output laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction and the Y direction which are the same as the laser ultrasonic wave length, and the laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction and the laser ultrasonic waves in the Y direction with different incident depths are obtained;
controlling the laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction and the laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction to scan on the stress detection position by using a mechanical processing module (30);
and the signal processing module (40) calculates the residual stress distribution of the member to be detected according to the laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction, the laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction and the acoustoelastic theoretical stress.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein modulating relevant parameters of the laser modulation module (20) such that the laser (101) simultaneously outputs the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction and the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction which are the same as the laser ultrasonic wavelength comprises:
pulse laser is projected through an orthogonal grating modulator, a lens of a galvanometer (103) is projected at a surface stress detection position of a member to be detected to form an image of an orthogonal grating, and under the excitation of the pulse laser, narrow-band laser ultrasonic waves in the X direction and narrow-band laser ultrasonic waves in the Y direction which are the same as the laser ultrasonic wave length are formed;
or the pulse laser is projected through an orthogonal optical mask modulator, projected at the surface stress detection position of the component to be detected, and outputs the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction and the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction which have the same laser ultrasonic wave length.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the residual stress distribution of the member to be detected calculated according to the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction, the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction and the acoustoelastic theoretical stress comprises:
acquiring a narrow-band laser ultrasonic signal detected on a component to be detected by a laser ultrasonic detection device; the narrow-band ultrasonic signals comprise narrow-band laser ultrasonic signals in the X direction and narrow-band laser ultrasonic signals in the Y direction;
calculating the propagation speed of the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction based on the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave signal in the X direction; calculating the propagation speed of the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction based on the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave signal in the Y direction;
and testing the distribution of the residual stress of the component along the depth in the X direction and the Y direction based on the propagation speed of the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave, the stress testing depth and the acoustic elastic theory stress.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the distribution of residual stress of the stress testing member with depth in the X-direction and the Y-direction based on the propagation velocity of the narrowband laser ultrasound, the stress testing depth, and the elasto-logical theory stress testing comprises:
calculating the propagation speed of the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction and the propagation speed of the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction; the relation formula of the speed, the wavelength and the frequency of the laser ultrasonic wave is as follows:
c＝λf
wherein c is laser ultrasonic velocity (m/s), λ is laser ultrasonic wavelength (nm), and f is laser ultrasonic frequency (MHz);
the formula of the stress test depth is h =2a lambda
Wherein h is the incident depth (mm) of the ultrasonic surface wave, and alpha is a correction coefficient;
calculating the residual stress of the component based on the propagation speed of the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the X direction, the propagation speed of the narrow-band laser ultrasonic wave in the Y direction, the stress test depth and the acoustoelastic theoretical stress; the residual stress is calculated by the formula:
σ - σ 0=K (t-t 0) or Δ σ = K Δ t, wherein:
Δ σ — amount of change in residual stress (stress difference), σ = σ - σ 0,
Δ t- -amount of change in propagation time (acoustic time difference), t = t-to
The K-stress coefficient is related to the material of the component to be detected and the detection distance of the laser (101) and can be obtained through calibration of a tensile test.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117147026A (en) * | 2023-11-01 | 2023-12-01 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Unidirectional stress detection device, method and equipment based on ultrasonic guided wave amplitude spectrum |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117147026A (en) * | 2023-11-01 | 2023-12-01 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Unidirectional stress detection device, method and equipment based on ultrasonic guided wave amplitude spectrum |
| CN117147026B (en) * | 2023-11-01 | 2024-01-05 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Unidirectional stress detection device, method and equipment based on ultrasonic guided wave amplitude spectrum |
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