CN115791167A - Fatigue test testboard of cylinder - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a fatigue test testboard of a cylinder, which comprises a load mounting platform which is horizontally distributed; the left end and the right end of the top of the load mounting platform are respectively provided with a load mounting structure and a transmission structure; the transmission structure is connected with the loading force structure; the load mounting structure is used for mounting the air cylinder to be subjected to the fatigue test; the loading force structure is used for loading to form a loading force and applying the loading force to the transmission structure; and the transmission structure is connected with the piston rod on the right side of the air cylinder and is used for transmitting the load force applied by the loading force structure to the air cylinder and applying load to the air cylinder. The fatigue test bench for the cylinder, disclosed by the invention, is scientific in structural design, can conveniently and reliably carry out fatigue test on the cylinder of the vehicle speed reducer, masters the service life of the cylinder, meets the fatigue test requirements of the cylinder, is beneficial to wide popularization and application, and has great practical significance.

Description

Fatigue test testboard of cylinder

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fatigue test, in particular to a fatigue test testboard of a cylinder.

Background

The fatigue test is a test for measuring the service life of a product under specified use and maintenance conditions and predicting or verifying weak links and dangerous parts of a structure, and the reliability and the stability of the product during the use period are ensured by checking the improvement of the product.

At present, in the railway industry, in order to ensure the operation of freight marshalling operation, a vehicle speed reducer is used as a main speed regulating device of a marshalling yard, and higher requirements are put forward on the safety of the vehicle speed reducer, and a cylinder is used as a main thrust device of the vehicle speed reducer, so that the problems of fracture and air leakage are required not to occur in a overhaul period (8-10 years), therefore, a fatigue test needs to be carried out on a hump vehicle speed reducer cylinder, and whether the cylinder meets the stroke requirement, whether parts deform, whether a piston rod cracks and whether air leakage occurs at the joint of the cylinder are verified through the test. Only through a fatigue test can it be verified whether the cylinder meets the service requirements of a overhaul period.

The content of the concrete test of the vehicle speed reducer cylinder comprises a durability test of the cylinder, and the test needs to meet the requirement of 300 km; the deformation of the cylinder parts is required, and the parts should not deform and be damaged after the test; the tightness of the cylinder requires that air leakage should not occur at the joint of the parts after the test, the internal leakage of the piston of the cylinder should be smaller than a first preset value, for example, (3 + 1.5D) cm/min, the external leakage of the piston rod should be smaller than a second preset value, for example, (3 + 1.5D) cm/min, and D and D are the diameters of the piston and the piston rod respectively, and the unit is mm.

In addition, the existing test means has no loading force device, can not load the acting force in the action process of the cylinder, the existing test table only tests the cylinder lost motion test, has a large difference with the actual use of the field cylinder, and can not verify the indexes of the cylinder, such as service life, sealing performance, deformation and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a fatigue test bench for a cylinder, aiming at the technical defects in the prior art.

Therefore, the invention provides a fatigue test bench for a cylinder, which comprises a load mounting platform which is horizontally distributed;

the left end and the right end of the top of the load mounting platform are respectively provided with a load mounting structure and a transmission structure;

the transmission structure is connected with the loading force structure;

the load mounting structure is used for mounting the air cylinder to be subjected to the fatigue test;

the loading force structure is used for loading to form a loading force and applying the loading force to the transmission structure;

and the transmission structure is connected with the piston rod on the right side of the air cylinder and is used for transmitting the load force applied by the loading force structure to the air cylinder and applying load to the air cylinder.

Preferably, the load mounting structure comprises a bearing plate and two vertical plates;

the bearing plate is fixedly arranged at the top of the load mounting platform;

a vertical plate is respectively and vertically arranged at the front side and the rear side of the top of the bearing plate;

the gap between the two vertical plates is used for placing a cylinder to be subjected to a fatigue test;

the two vertical plates are connected with the rear cover of the cylinder through a first connecting shaft which is longitudinally distributed.

Preferably, the right end of the top of the bearing plate is also provided with a clamping mechanism;

the clamping mechanism comprises two connecting columns which are vertically distributed;

the two connecting columns are fixedly arranged on the front side and the rear side of the right end of the top of the bearing plate and are positioned in the outer side direction of the two vertical plates;

the two connecting columns are symmetrically distributed in the front and back direction;

the tops of the two connecting columns are respectively connected with the front end and the rear end of a pressing and positioning longitudinal plate which is longitudinally distributed;

the middle position of the bottom surface of the vertical pressing and positioning plate in the longitudinal direction is fixedly connected with the right end part of a horizontal pressing and positioning plate;

and the bottom surface of the positioning transverse plate is pressed and tightly contacted with the top surface of the middle part of the cylinder.

Preferably, the top center of each connecting column is provided with a screw rod vertically;

the front end and the rear end of the vertical pressing and positioning plate are respectively provided with a vertically through screw mounting through hole at the position corresponding to each screw;

the upper end of each screw rod is fixedly connected with the internal thread hole of a nut in a threaded manner after passing through a screw rod mounting through hole corresponding to the position.

Preferably, the transmission structure comprises a joint body and a connecting pin;

the left end of the joint body is connected with a piston rod on the right side of the cylinder;

the right end of the joint body is connected with the left end of the connecting pin;

the right end of the connecting pin is hinged with the left end of the transversely distributed racks;

the top of the rack is provided with a plurality of teeth which are distributed at equal intervals;

the teeth at the top of the rack are meshed and connected with a gear;

the left end and the right end of the bottom of the rack are respectively provided with a supporting seat;

the top of each supporting seat is provided with a rack accommodating groove which is transversely distributed in a penetrating way;

the left end and the right end of the rack are respectively positioned in the rack accommodating grooves at the tops of the two supporting seats;

a transmission shaft longitudinally penetrates through the gear;

the front end and the rear end of the transmission shaft are respectively pivoted with the upper part of one supporting column;

two support columns are fixedly arranged on the mounting flat plate at the top of the right end of the load mounting platform.

Preferably, the left end and the right end of the connecting pin are respectively provided with a long connecting rod and a flat part which are transversely distributed;

the long connecting rod is provided with an external thread;

the right end of the joint body is provided with a joint body internal thread through hole which is transversely distributed in a penetrating manner;

the inner thread through hole of the joint body is provided with an inner thread which is fixedly connected with the outer thread of the long connecting rod in a threaded manner;

the external thread of the long connecting rod is also in threaded connection with the internal thread of a first locking nut;

the left side of the first locking nut is in abutting contact with the right side of the joint body;

the flat part is provided with a flat part through hole which is longitudinally penetrated;

the left end of the rack is provided with flat accommodating grooves which are transversely distributed;

the left side and the upper and lower sides of the flat part accommodating groove are provided with openings;

the flat part of the connecting pin is positioned in the flat part accommodating groove;

a first rack through hole and a second rack through hole are respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side of the flat part accommodating groove at positions corresponding to the flat part through holes;

the flat part of the connecting pin is hinged with the left end of the rack through a second hinge pin shaft which is longitudinally distributed.

Preferably, the loading force structure comprises a cam, a connecting fastening rod, two bosses, two support frames, two brake shoes and a second locking nut;

the two support frames are distributed in bilateral symmetry and are arranged on the mounting flat plate at the top of the right end of the load mounting platform;

the middle part of each support frame is respectively hinged with a brake shoe;

the shape of one side of each of the two brake shoes opposite to each other is an inwards concave arc;

the middle parts of the two brake shoes at the back sides are respectively provided with a boss;

each boss is hinged with the middle part of the adjacent support frame;

the cam is arranged on the outer surface of a transmission shaft arranged in a gear of the transmission structure;

the cam is positioned right behind the gear and is arranged right corresponding to the two brake shoes;

a second locking nut is fixedly arranged on the upper part of the left supporting frame;

the second locking nut is provided with a threaded through hole which is transversely penetrated and connected with the fastening rod;

the right end of the connecting and fastening rod which is transversely distributed is connected with the upper part of the supporting frame which is positioned on the right side after transversely penetrating through the threaded through hole of the connecting and fastening rod.

Preferably, the upper part of the support frame on the right side is hinged with the right end of a hinged joint;

the left end of the hinge joint is provided with connecting flat plates which are vertically distributed;

the connecting flat plate is provided with a connecting threaded hole which transversely penetrates through the connecting flat plate;

the right end part of the connecting fastening rod is provided with an external thread;

the right end of the connecting fastening rod is provided with an external thread which is in threaded connection with a connecting threaded hole on the connecting flat plate;

a supporting boss is respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the rear side of the mounting flat plate at the top of the right end of the load mounting platform;

the lower end parts of the two supporting frames are respectively hinged with one supporting boss.

Preferably, the two shoes are provided with an arc-shaped friction belt on the opposite side.

Preferably, the air path of the cylinder comprises a main air source, a ball valve, an air filter, an oil atomizer, a pressure regulating valve and a tee joint;

the air outlet of the main air source is communicated with the inlet of the tee joint through a connecting pipeline which is sequentially provided with a ball valve, an air filter, an oil atomizer and a pressure regulating valve;

two outlets of the tee joint are respectively communicated with an inlet of a two-position three-way electric control valve;

an outlet on the two-position three-way electric control valves is respectively communicated with an air inlet and an air outlet on the air cylinder;

the fatigue test bench of the cylinder also comprises an electrical device;

an electrical device comprising a time relay and a counter;

the time relay is respectively connected with the control ends of the two-position three-way electric control valves and is used for alternately controlling the two-position three-way electric control valves to execute power-on and power-off operations within a preset time interval;

and the counter in the electric device is connected with any one two-position three-way electric control valve and is used for collecting the total on-off times of the two-position three-way electric control valve so as to record the action times of the air cylinder.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the advantages that the structural design is scientific, the fatigue test bench for the air cylinder can conveniently and reliably carry out the fatigue test on the air cylinder of the vehicle speed reducer, the service life of the air cylinder is mastered, the requirement of the fatigue test on the air cylinder is met, the popularization and the application are facilitated, and the practical significance is great.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of a fatigue test bed for a cylinder according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of a fatigue test bed for a cylinder according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a fatigue test bed for a cylinder according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a front view of a load mounting structure of a cylinder fatigue testing platform according to the present invention, when a cylinder is mounted;

fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a cylinder to be tested by the fatigue test testing table of the cylinder according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a top view of a load mounting structure in the fatigue testing table of the cylinder according to the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a load mounting structure in a fatigue test testing table for an air cylinder according to the present invention;

fig. 8 is a top view of a connection state of a bearing plate and two vertical plates of a load mounting structure in the fatigue test testing table for an air cylinder according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a front view of the connection state of a bearing plate and two vertical plates of the load mounting structure in the fatigue test testing platform of the cylinder according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a front view of a transmission structure in a fatigue test testing table for cylinders according to the present invention

FIG. 11 is a top view of a transmission structure in a test bench for testing fatigue of a cylinder according to the present invention

FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a joint body of a transmission structure in a fatigue testing table for a cylinder according to the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a front view of a connecting pin of a transmission structure in the fatigue testing table for cylinder according to the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a part of a transmission structure in a fatigue testing table for a cylinder according to the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a front view of a loading force structure of a fatigue testing table for a cylinder according to the present invention;

fig. 16 is a schematic perspective view of a loading force structure on a load mounting platform in a fatigue test platform for a cylinder according to the present invention;

FIG. 17a is a front view of a fatigue test bed for a cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention with an electrical device;

FIG. 17b is a right side view of a cylinder fatigue test station of the present invention with an electrical device of one embodiment;

FIG. 17c is a rear view of a cylinder fatigue test station of the present invention with an electrical device of one embodiment;

fig. 18 is a gas path diagram of a cylinder tested in the fatigue test bench for a cylinder according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

Referring to fig. 1 to 15, 16, 17a to 17c, and 18, the present invention provides a fatigue test stand for a cylinder, including: a load mounting platform 1 distributed horizontally;

the left end and the right end of the top of the load mounting platform 1 are respectively provided with a load mounting structure 100 and a transmission structure 200;

the transmission structure 200 is connected with the loading force structure 300;

the load mounting structure 100 is used for mounting a cylinder to be subjected to a fatigue test;

a loading force structure 300 for loading to form a loading force and applying the loading force to the transmission structure 200;

and the transmission structure 200 is connected with a piston rod 1001 on the right side of the cylinder 1000 and is used for transmitting the load force applied by the loading force structure 300 to the cylinder 1000, namely applying a load to the cylinder.

In the present invention, the load mounting platform 1 is located on the top of a load cabinet 400.

In particular, the load cabinet 400 has a plurality of drawers therein for holding predetermined types of tools.

In the present invention, in a specific implementation, the load mounting structure 100 includes a bearing plate 101 and two vertical plates 102;

the bearing plate 101 is fixedly arranged at the top of the load mounting platform 1;

a vertical plate 102 is vertically arranged on each of the front side and the rear side of the top of the seat bearing plate 101 (for example, in a welding manner, the seat bearing plate 101 and the vertical plate 102 are both steel plates);

the gap between the two vertical plates 102 is used for placing the cylinder 1000 which needs to be subjected to the fatigue test;

the two vertical plates 102 are connected with the rear cover of the cylinder 1000 by a first connecting shaft 103 which is longitudinally distributed.

In particular, the upper parts of the two vertical plates 102 are respectively provided with a connecting shaft mounting hole 1020 which is longitudinally penetrated;

the two connecting shaft mounting holes 1020 are symmetrically distributed in the front and back direction;

the rear cover of the cylinder 1000 is provided with a cylinder through hole which is longitudinally communicated;

it should be noted that the first connecting shaft 103 passes through the cylinder through hole and the two connecting shaft mounting holes 1020 corresponding to the positions, and the first connecting shaft 103 (which is a flat head snap spring pin) protrudes forward from the portion of the vertical plate 102 located in front and is fixedly connected with the two snap springs.

In the concrete implementation, the front end and the rear end of the bearing plate 101 are connected with the load mounting platform 1 through connecting bolts and positioning pins.

The positioning pins are used to prevent the seat plate from sliding.

In particular, a clamping mechanism is further arranged at the right end of the top of the bearing plate 101;

the clamping mechanism includes two connecting columns 104 (i.e., vertical columns) vertically distributed;

the two connecting columns 104 are fixedly arranged on the front side and the rear side of the right end of the top of the bearing plate 101 and are positioned in the outer side direction of the two vertical plates 102;

the two connecting columns 104 are symmetrically distributed front and back;

the tops of the two connecting columns 104 are respectively connected with the front end and the rear end of a longitudinally distributed pressing and positioning longitudinal plate 105;

the middle position of the bottom surface of the vertical pressing and positioning plate 105 is fixedly connected with the right end part of a horizontal pressing and positioning plate 106;

and the bottom surface of the transverse pressing and positioning plate 106 is used for being in abutting contact with the top surface of the middle part of the cylinder.

In specific implementation, the top center of each connecting column 104 is provided with a screw 107 vertically;

the front end and the rear end of the pressing and positioning longitudinal plate 105 are respectively provided with a vertically through screw mounting through hole at the position corresponding to each screw 107;

the upper end of each screw 107 is fixedly connected with the internal thread hole of a nut 108 after passing through a screw mounting through hole corresponding to the position.

It should be noted that, with the present invention, after the air cylinder is placed between the two vertical plates 102 and the rear cover of the air cylinder is connected to the two vertical plates 102 through the first connecting shaft 103, the air cylinder can be clamped by the pressing and positioning horizontal plate 106 on the upper plane (i.e. the top surface) of the air cylinder through the pressing and positioning vertical plate 105 and the pressing and positioning horizontal plate 106, so as to prevent the air cylinder from sliding during the operation.

In the present invention, in a specific implementation, the transmission structure 200 includes a joint body 201 and a connecting pin 202;

the left end of the joint body 201 is connected with a piston rod 1001 on the right side of the cylinder 1000 (the piston rod is provided with a through hole which penetrates through the piston rod longitudinally);

the right end of the joint body 201 is connected with the left end of the connecting pin 202;

the right end of the connecting pin 202 is hinged with the left end of the transversely distributed racks 203;

the top of the rack 203 is provided with a plurality of teeth distributed at equal intervals;

the teeth on the top of the rack 203 are meshed and connected with a gear 206;

the left end and the right end of the bottom of the rack 203 are respectively provided with a supporting seat 204;

the top of each support base 204 is provided with a rack accommodating groove (the top of the groove is open and is used for accommodating a rack) which is transversely distributed through;

the left end and the right end of the rack 203 are respectively positioned in the rack accommodating grooves at the tops of the two supporting seats 204;

it should be noted that, the two supporting seats 204 are fixed on the mounting flat plate 110 at the top of the right end of the load mounting platform 1 through fixing pins 210; the rack 203 can move left and right in the support base 204;

a transmission shaft 2060 is longitudinally arranged in the gear 206 in a penetrating manner (the transmission shaft 2060 is matched and connected with a key groove on the gear through a key);

the front and rear ends of the transmission shaft 2060 are respectively pivoted (i.e., rotatably connected) with the upper portion of one of the support columns 205;

the two supporting columns 205 are fixedly arranged on the mounting flat plate 110 at the top of the right end of the load mounting platform 1; a backing plate 209 is arranged between the supporting column 205 and the mounting flat plate 110;

it should be noted that the two supporting columns 5 are fixed on the load mounting platform 1 through positioning pins and bolts;

it should be noted that the upper parts of the two support columns 5 are respectively provided with a transmission shaft mounting hole;

the front and rear ends of the transmission shaft 2060 are respectively located in the transmission shaft mounting holes of the two support columns 5 (specifically, in clearance fit). When the rack 203 moves left and right transversely, the rack 203 is in meshed transmission with the gear 206.

In particular, the left end of the joint body 201 is provided with a cylinder piston rod accommodating groove 2011 which is transversely distributed;

the left side and the upper and lower sides of the cylinder piston rod receiving groove 2011 are open (i.e., not sealed, and completely open);

a first piston rod through hole and a second piston rod through hole are respectively formed in the front side and the rear side of the cylinder piston rod accommodating groove 2011;

the first piston rod threaded connecting hole and the second piston rod threaded connecting hole are symmetrically distributed in the front and back direction (both are internal threaded holes);

a piston rod through hole which penetrates through the cylinder 1000 in the longitudinal direction is formed in the right end portion of the piston rod 1001 on the right side of the cylinder 1000;

the right end of the piston rod 1001 on the right side of the cylinder 1000 is connected to the left end of the connector body 201 through a first hinge pin 207, the first hinge pin 207 sequentially passes through a second piston rod through hole, a piston rod through hole and a first piston rod through hole corresponding in position, and a part of the first hinge pin 207 (which is a flat head clamp spring pin) located in front of the first piston rod through hole is fixedly connected to a clamp spring.

The joint body 201 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape with a long circular groove in the middle, and the right end of the cylinder piston rod housing groove 2011 has a fan shape in plan view.

In particular, the left end and the right end of the connecting pin 202 are respectively provided with a long connecting rod 2021 and a flat part 2022 which are distributed transversely;

the long connecting rod 2021 is provided with an external thread;

the right end of the joint body 201 is provided with a joint body internal thread through hole 2010 which is transversely distributed in a penetrating manner;

the internal thread of the joint body internal thread through hole 2010 is fixedly connected with the external thread of the long connecting rod 2021 through threads.

In particular, the external thread of the long connecting rod 2021 is in threaded connection with the internal thread of a first locking nut 2023;

the left side of the first locking nut 2023 is in abutting contact with the right side of the connector body 201, thereby achieving a locking function.

It should be noted that, with the present invention, the connection distance between the connector body 201 and the connection pin 202 can be adjusted by the screwing length of the thread at the long link 2021 in the connector body internal thread through hole 2010, and the locking is performed by the locking nut 2023 on the connection pin 202.

Specifically, the flat portion 2022 is provided with a flat portion through hole 20221 which longitudinally penetrates through;

the left end of the rack 203 is provided with flat part accommodating grooves which are transversely distributed;

the left side and the upper and lower sides of the flat accommodating groove are open (i.e. not sealed and completely open);

the flat portion 2022 of the connecting pin 202, which is located in the flat portion receiving groove;

a first rack through hole and a second rack through hole are respectively formed in the front side and the rear side of the flat part accommodating groove at positions corresponding to the flat part through hole 20221;

the flat part 2022 of the connecting pin 202 is hinged with the left end of the rack 203 through a second hinge pin 208 which is longitudinally distributed;

it should be noted that the second hinge pin 208 passes through the second rack through hole, the flat portion through hole 20221 and the first rack through hole corresponding to the first hinge pin 208, and a portion of the second hinge pin 208 (which is a flat clamp spring pin) located in front of the first rack through hole is fixedly connected to a clamp spring.

In the present invention, one end of the connecting pin 202 is a flat structure (i.e., the flat portion 2022), the center of the flat portion 2022 is provided with a connecting hole (i.e., the flat portion through hole 20221), the other end is provided with a long connecting rod 2021 having an external thread, the long connecting rod at one end of the connecting pin is screwed into the internal thread at one end of the connector body, the connecting distance is adjusted by the screwing length of the long connecting rod, and the connecting pin is locked by the locking nut on the connecting pin.

In the present invention, in a specific implementation, the loading force structure 300 includes a cam 301, a connecting fastening rod 302, two bosses 303, two support frames 304, two brake shoes 305, and a second lock nut 306;

the two support frames 304 are distributed in bilateral symmetry and are arranged on the mounting flat plate 110 at the top of the right end of the load mounting platform 1;

a brake shoe 305 is hinged to the middle part of each support frame 304;

the shape of the opposite side (i.e. the inner side) of the two brake shoes 305 is an inward concave arc;

a boss 303 (i.e. a raised end) is respectively arranged in the middle of one side of each of the two brake shoes 305 opposite to each other;

each boss 303 is hinged with the middle part of the adjacent support frame 300 (specifically, hinged through a pin, and the bosses and the support frames are provided with hinge connecting holes for the pin to pass through);

a cam 301 provided on an outer surface of a drive shaft 2060 installed in the gear 206 of the drive structure 200 (i.e., sleeved);

a cam 301 located right behind the gear 206 and located between the two shoes 305 (located opposite to the two shoes 305);

specifically, an arc-shaped friction belt (for example, a rubber adhesive tape having a rough friction surface on the surface) is disposed (for example, bonded) on the opposite side of the two brake shoes 305;

in specific implementation, the second lock nut 206 is fixedly arranged at the upper part of the left support frame 304;

the second lock nut 206 is provided with a threaded through hole which is transversely penetrated and connected with the fastening rod;

the right end parts of the connecting and fastening rods 302 which are transversely distributed are connected with the upper parts of the supporting frames 304 positioned on the right side after transversely penetrating through the threaded through holes of the connecting and fastening rods;

in particular, the upper portion of the right supporting frame 304 is hinged to the right end of a hinge head 3040;

the left end of the hinge head 3040 has a connecting plate vertically distributed;

the connecting flat plate is provided with a connecting threaded hole which transversely penetrates through the connecting flat plate;

the right end of the connection fastening rod 302 has an external thread;

the right end of the connecting fastening rod 302 is provided with an external thread which is in threaded connection with a connecting threaded hole on the connecting flat plate.

In the concrete implementation, the left end and the right end of the rear side of the installation flat plate 110 at the top of the right end of the load installation platform 1 are respectively provided with a supporting boss 1101;

the lower ends of the two support frames 304 are respectively hinged with a support boss 1101 (specifically, through a hinge shaft, longitudinally pass through holes reserved on the support frames 304 and the support boss 1101);

it should be noted that the connecting fastening rod 302 (also referred to as a pull rod) is a screw rod with an external thread on one surface, and connects two support frames 304, and by rotating the connecting fastening rod 302, the two support frames 304 can be pulled, so that the upper parts and the middle parts of the two support frames 304 are relatively close to each other and inclined, so that the two brake shoes 305 move relatively, and the two brake shoes 305 embrace the cam 301 between the two, so as to apply friction force to the cam 301, and realize loading of load force; meanwhile, the adjustment of the magnitude of the load force is also realized by adjusting the tightness of the clasping between the two brake shoes 305 to match the load of the cylinder.

Since the cam 301 and the gear 206 are both provided on the transmission shaft 2060, and the gear is engaged with the rack, when a load force is applied to the cam 301, a load force is also applied to the rack, and thus a load force is also applied to the piston rod to which the rack is connected.

Considering that the piston rod 1001 of the cylinder 1000 performs a transverse telescopic motion during operation, so as to drive the transmission structure 200 (specifically, the rack 203) to move transversely together, a load force applied to the rack 203 acts on the piston rod, and the cylinder is enabled to operate under a load condition.

Based on the structural design, the test bench can apply a load force to the cylinder, so that the cylinder can transversely extend and retract under the load condition.

In the invention, in order to control the switch of the cylinder 1000 and further control the telescopic state of the cylinder 1000, the test board provided by the invention further comprises an electric device;

the electric device can perform conversion of the gas circuit and setting of conversion time, can realize manual operation and linkage, and has the function of recording the action times.

And an electric device for controlling the switching of the air passage of the air cylinder 1000, the time interval and the recording of the number of movements (movements, i.e. telescopic movements, each telescopic movement comprises an extending movement and a retracting movement).

Referring to fig. 18, an air path of the air cylinder 1000 is shown, and the air path of the air cylinder 1000 includes a main air source (e.g., an air compressor) 2001, a ball valve 2002, an air filter 2003, an oil atomizer 2004, a pressure regulating valve 2005, and a tee joint 2006 (which may be a three-way ball valve as required);

an air outlet of a main air source (such as an air compressor) 2001 is communicated with an inlet of a tee joint 2006 through a connecting pipeline which is sequentially provided with a ball valve 2002, an air filter 2003, an oil atomizer 2004 and a pressure regulating valve 2005;

two outlets of the tee 2006 are respectively communicated with an inlet of a two-position three-way electric control valve 2007;

an outlet of the two-position three-way electric control valve 2007 is respectively communicated with an air inlet and an air outlet of the air cylinder 1000.

In a specific implementation, a pressure gauge (i.e., an air pressure gauge) 2008 is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the pressure regulating valve 2005 and the tee 2006.

It should be noted that, for the present invention, the outlet of the main air source is connected to the ball valve, the air filter, the oil atomizer, the pressure regulating valve and the pressure gauge are connected behind the ball valve, two air paths are formed after passing through the tee joint, each air path is connected to the two-position tee joint electric control valve, and the outlet of the two-position tee joint electric control valve is connected to the rubber tube and is connected to the interface (such as the air inlet or the air outlet) of the air cylinder. The control screen in the electric device is used for controlling the two-position three-way electric control valve in the air path, when one path of two-position three-way electric control valve is opened and the other path of two-position three-way electric control valve is closed, the opened air path is connected with the rear end of the air cylinder, the piston rod of the air cylinder extends out, then the two-position three-way electric control valve at the moment is closed, the two-position three-way electric control valve at the other path is opened, the air path at the front end of the air cylinder is communicated, and the air cylinder retracts.

In particular, as shown in fig. 17a to 17c, the electrical device includes a housing 3001, a control panel 3002, and internal electrical components (including a time relay and a counter). The control screen is arranged on the surface of the box body and is controlled by a PLC (programmable logic controller), and the control screen can be used for setting action time intervals, the on-off state of an electric control valve and the action times of an air cylinder. When a command is issued, the two-position three-way electric control valve on one side is opened, the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve on the other side is closed, a piston rod of the air cylinder extends out when the air path is opened, otherwise, the piston rod of the air cylinder retracts, and the interval time set by the time relay is the time interval between the extending and retracting of the air cylinder; the counter is connected with the two-position three-way electric control valve so as to collect the on-off of the two-position three-way electric control valve and record the action times of the air cylinder. The main air source introduces two air paths, the end part of the air path is connected with a two-position three-way electric control valve, and the outlet of the two-position three-way electric control valve is a cylinder rubber tube which is respectively connected with the threaded interfaces at the front end and the rear end part of the cylinder. The electric device controls the electric control valve through a program to form the on-off of the gas path.

In the present invention, the time relays in the electrical apparatus are respectively connected to the control ends of the two-position three-way electrically controlled valves 2007, and are configured to alternately control the two-position three-way electrically controlled valves 2007 to perform power on and power off operations within a preset time interval;

it should be noted that, for the interval time set by the time relay, i.e. the extending and retracting action time of the cylinder, the interval time should meet the action time of the cylinder, the control panel in the electrical device controls the time relay in the electrical element, the time relay controls the two-position three-way electrical control valve, one of the two-position three-way electrical control valves is powered on, the other is powered off, and the two are alternately used, so as to form the time interval, i.e. the extending and retracting action of the cylinder. The expansion control principle of the cylinder is the conventional technology, and is not described herein again.

In the specific implementation, a counter in the electrical device is connected with any one two-position three-way electric control valve (for example, the counter can be connected with the two-position three-way electric control valve in parallel and connected with a power supply end of the electric control valve) and is used for collecting the total on-off times of the two-position three-way electric control valve, and the cylinder stretches out and collects once and retracts to collect once, so that the action times of the cylinder are recorded.

The fatigue test bench for the cylinder is convenient to install, reasonable in mechanism design, scientific in design and convenient to use.

The cylinder fatigue test bench provided by the invention is designed aiming at the cylinders of hump vehicle reducers in the domestic railway industry at present, can be suitable for all pneumatic gravity type vehicle reducer cylinders, fills up the technical blank in the field of fatigue test of the hump vehicle reducers at present, and can be used for fatigue test of all hump pneumatic gravity type vehicle reducer cylinders in the domestic at present.

The cylinder of the pneumatic gravity type vehicle retarder applicable to the present invention may be, for example, a cylinder of t.jk1-D type and a cylinder of t.jk4 type manufactured by tianjin railway signal, ltd. The cylinder of the vehicle retarder has the following effects in the pneumatic gravity type vehicle retarder: when a main air source enters the rear end of the cylinder assembly through the air pipe, a piston rod of the cylinder assembly extends out to drive a push rod mechanism of the vehicle speed reducer to move, so that the vehicle speed reducer brakes and clamps wheels, and friction braking of a vehicle of the railway vehicle is realized; when the main air source enters the front end of the cylinder assembly through the air pipe, a piston rod of the cylinder assembly retracts to drive a push rod mechanism of the vehicle speed reducer to move, so that the vehicle speed reducer is relieved and wheels of the railway vehicle are released.

The invention has scientific structural design, can apply load force according to the load of the cylinder, can reliably record the action condition of the cylinder through the electric device, and has convenient operation and accurate test. The development of the test board makes up the blank of the hump gravity type vehicle reducer cylinder in the fatigue test aspect of the railway marshalling station.

In order to more clearly understand the technical scheme of the invention, the working process of the invention is explained below.

Firstly, fixing a bearing plate 101 in a load mounting structure 100 on a load mounting platform 1;

then, a rear cover of the air cylinder 1000 is connected with a vertical plate 102 on a bearing plate 101 through a first connecting shaft 103, the air cylinder is pressed through a pressing mechanism (specifically, the pressing mechanism comprises a pressing and positioning longitudinal plate 105 and a pressing and positioning transverse plate 106), a piston rod of the air cylinder is connected with a joint body, the joint body is connected with a rack through a connecting pin, a supporting seat supports the rack, and a gear is meshed with the rack and is arranged on a transmission shaft; the cam is also arranged on the transmission shaft, and the friction force exerted on the cam by the brake shoes 305 on the two support frames in the loading force structure 300 can be adjusted by connecting the fastening rod 302 and the second locking nut;

and finally, connecting a ventilation source to the air cylinder, driving the air cylinder to move, and pulling the rack with the load force by the air cylinder to transversely reciprocate, so that the air cylinder is tested.

In particular, based on the test board provided by the invention, a maintainer can manually carry out fatigue test on the normal working time of the cylinder to test the working state of the cylinder after the cylinder continuously works for a preset time. For example, when it is required to test whether the cylinder can continuously perform a transverse reciprocating motion (i.e., a telescopic motion) within a preset time period (e.g., 30 hours) required by a user, the time can be measured in real time after the cylinder is started, and after the preset time period is reached, if the cylinder can still perform a normal telescopic motion and no preset problems occur on the cylinder (e.g., the problem of cylinder air leakage and abnormal sound occurs, and the types of specific problems can be defined according to the user's needs), it is determined that the cylinder can reach the service life of the preset time period (e.g., 30 hours) of continuous operation, otherwise, it is determined that the cylinder does not meet the requirement of the user on the service life of the continuous operation of the cylinder.

It should be noted that when the forward wind source is connected, the piston rod of the cylinder is loaded by the load force and extends through the rack transmission, and when the reverse wind source is connected, the piston rod of the cylinder retracts under the load force.

In concrete implementation, the reversing, the action interval and the action times of the wind source can be controlled by an electrical device, and at the moment, all tests can be continuously carried out after installation without manual frequent maintenance, so that the test equipment is economical and practical.

In the invention, the electric device can control the conversion and time interval of the gas circuit and record the action times, thereby realizing the test process.

For the invention, in concrete realization, an operation screen is arranged on the surface of an electric device box body and is programmed for PLC, a time relay element in the electric device box body is controlled through the operation of the operation screen, the time relay controls the action of an electric control valve on an air path, the air path is provided with two paths of air supply which are respectively connected with the front end and the rear end of an air cylinder, each air path is provided with a two-position three-way electric control valve, on-off time is arranged on the operation screen, the on-off time of the time relay is also the opening and closing of the air path of the two-position three-way electric control valve, and therefore, the alternating air supply of the air path is formed, namely, the action condition of the air cylinder stretches out and retracts. When the two-position three-way electric control valve acts, the counter collects the action times, and the action times are accumulated in such a way, so that a complete test process is formed.

In the concrete practice operation, when the fatigue test operation is performed on the air cylinder, if the total telescopic motion stroke of the piston rod of the air cylinder reaches 300km, all connecting parts of the air cylinder are not leaked, the positions of the piston rod are leaked in and out within the specified requirements of the leakage gauge, the air cylinder is disassembled simultaneously, and internal parts are not damaged or deformed, the air cylinder is judged to reach the designed service life requirement, otherwise, the air cylinder is judged not to reach the designed service life requirement.

It should be noted that, for the invention, when the cylinder is installed on the test bench, the air source is connected, the air source conversion time of the electrical device is adjusted to control the extension or retraction of the piston rod of the cylinder, meanwhile, the control cabinet records the action times of the cylinder, the total stroke of the cylinder is calculated through the action times of the cylinder, after the loading force mechanism acts on the pushing mechanism, the cylinder acts under the condition of load, when the stroke reaches 300km, the fatigue test of the cylinder is completed, if the fatigue test is successfully completed, the durability test of the product is qualified, otherwise, the product is not qualified; performing sealing test on the connecting part of the cylinder, wherein if no bubble is generated, the sealing performance of the product is qualified, otherwise, the product is unqualified; testing the leakage performance of the cylinder, wherein if the leakage performance of the cylinder meets the index requirement, the leakage performance of the product is qualified, and otherwise, the leakage performance of the cylinder is unqualified; disassembling the tested cylinder, observing whether each part is damaged or deformed, if not, the product is qualified, otherwise, the product is unqualified;

compared with the prior art, the fatigue test bench for the cylinder provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the fatigue test testboard for the cylinder can meet the installation requirements of all cylinders of the hump pneumatic vehicle speed reducer and can meet the fatigue test under the load condition.

2. The fatigue test testboard for the cylinder provided by the invention adopts the transmission device of rack and gear meshing transmission, and has direct force transmission and no force loss.

3. The fatigue test testboard for the cylinder can meet the use of different load forces, the load force is convenient to adjust, and the load force does not rebound after adjustment.

4. The fatigue test testboard for the cylinder provided by the invention has the advantages that the cylinder is convenient to install when in application, frequent maintenance is not required after adjustment, and automatic test can be realized.

Compared with the prior art, the fatigue test bench for the air cylinder has the advantages that the structural design is scientific, the fatigue test bench for the air cylinder of the vehicle speed reducer can conveniently and reliably carry out the fatigue test on the air cylinder, the service life of the air cylinder is mastered, the requirement of the fatigue test on the air cylinder is met, the fatigue test bench for the air cylinder is beneficial to wide popularization and application, and the practical significance is great.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A fatigue test testboard of a cylinder is characterized by comprising a load mounting platform (1) which is horizontally distributed;

the left end and the right end of the top of the load mounting platform (1) are respectively provided with a load mounting structure (100) and a transmission structure (200);

the transmission structure (200) is connected with the loading force structure (300);

the load mounting structure (100) is used for mounting the cylinder to be subjected to the fatigue test;

a loading force structure (300) for loading to form a loading force and applying the loading force to the transmission structure (200);

and the transmission structure (200) is connected with a piston rod (1001) on the right side of the air cylinder (1000) and is used for transmitting the load force applied by the loading force structure (300) to the air cylinder (1000) and applying load to the air cylinder.

2. The fatigue test bench of cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the load mounting structure (100) comprises a bearing plate (101) and two vertical plates (102);

the bearing plate (101) is fixedly arranged at the top of the load mounting platform (1);

a vertical plate (102) is respectively and vertically arranged at the front side and the rear side of the top of the bearing plate (101);

a gap between the two vertical plates (102) is used for placing a cylinder (1000) to be subjected to a fatigue test;

the two vertical plates (102) are connected with the rear cover of the air cylinder (1000) through a first connecting shaft (103) which is longitudinally distributed.

3. The fatigue testing bench of cylinder according to claim 2, wherein a clamping mechanism is further provided at the right end of the top of the bearing plate (101);

the clamping mechanism comprises two connecting columns (104) which are vertically distributed;

the two connecting columns (104) are fixedly arranged on the front side and the rear side of the right end of the top of the bearing plate (101) and are positioned in the outer side direction of the two vertical plates (102);

the two connecting columns (104) are symmetrically distributed in the front and the back;

the tops of the two connecting columns (104) are respectively connected with the front end and the rear end of a pressing and positioning longitudinal plate (105) which is longitudinally distributed;

the middle position of the bottom surface of the pressing and positioning longitudinal plate (105) is fixedly connected with the right end part of a pressing and positioning transverse plate (106);

and the bottom surface of the pressing and positioning transverse plate (106) is used for being in abutting contact with the top surface of the middle part of the cylinder.

4. The fatigue test bench of claim 3, wherein a screw (107) is vertically disposed at the center of the top of each connecting column (104);

the front end and the rear end of the pressing and positioning longitudinal plate (105) are respectively provided with a vertically through screw mounting through hole at the position corresponding to each screw (107);

the upper end of each screw rod (107) is fixedly connected with the internal thread hole of a nut (108) in a threaded manner after passing through a screw rod mounting through hole corresponding to the position.

5. The fatigue test bench of a cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the transmission structure (200) comprises a joint body (201) and a connecting pin (202);

the left end of the joint body (201) is connected with a piston rod (1001) on the right side of the cylinder (1000);

the right end of the joint body (201) is connected with the left end of the connecting pin (202);

the right end of the connecting pin (202) is hinged with the left end of the transversely distributed rack (203);

the top of the rack (203) is provided with a plurality of teeth which are distributed at equal intervals;

the teeth on the top of the rack (203) are meshed and connected with a gear (206);

the left end and the right end of the bottom of the rack (203) are respectively provided with a supporting seat (204);

the top of each supporting seat (204) is provided with a rack accommodating groove which is transversely distributed through;

the left end and the right end of the rack (203) are respectively positioned in the rack accommodating grooves at the tops of the two supporting seats (204);

a transmission shaft (2060) is longitudinally arranged in the gear (206) in a penetrating way;

the front end and the rear end of the transmission shaft (2060) are respectively pivoted with the upper part of one supporting column (205);

two support columns (205) are fixedly arranged on the mounting flat plate (110) at the top of the right end of the load mounting platform (1).

6. The fatigue testing stand of cylinder according to claim 5, wherein the left and right ends of the connecting pin (202) respectively have a long connecting rod (2021) and a flat portion (2022) distributed transversely;

the long connecting rod (2021) is provided with an external thread;

the right end of the joint body (201) is provided with a joint body internal thread through hole (2010) which is transversely distributed in a penetrating way;

the joint body internal thread through hole (2010) is provided with an internal thread which is fixedly connected with an external thread of the long connecting rod (2021) in a threaded manner;

the external thread of the long connecting rod (2021) is also in threaded connection with the internal thread of a first locking nut (2023);

the left side of the first locking nut (2023) is in abutting contact with the right side of the joint body (201);

the flat part (2022) is provided with a flat part through hole (20221) which penetrates through the flat part in the longitudinal direction;

the left end of the rack (203) is provided with flat part accommodating grooves which are transversely distributed;

the left side and the upper and lower sides of the flat part accommodating groove are provided with openings;

a flat portion (2022) of the connecting pin (202) located in the flat portion receiving groove;

a first rack through hole and a second rack through hole are respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side of the flat part accommodating groove at positions corresponding to the flat part through hole (20221);

the flat part (2022) of the connecting pin (202) is hinged with the left end of the rack (203) through a second hinge pin shaft (208) which is longitudinally distributed.

7. The fatigue testing stand of a cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the loading force structure (300) comprises a cam (301), a connecting fastening rod (302), two bosses (303), two support brackets (304), two brake shoes (305), and a second lock nut (306);

the two support frames (304) are distributed in bilateral symmetry and are arranged on the mounting flat plate (110) at the top of the right end of the load mounting platform (1);

the middle part of each support frame (304) is respectively hinged with a brake shoe (305);

the shape of one side of each of the two brake shoes (305) opposite to each other is an inwards concave arc;

the middle parts of the two opposite sides of the brake shoes (305) are respectively provided with a boss (303);

each boss (303) is hinged with the middle part of the adjacent support frame (300);

a cam (301) provided on an outer surface of a transmission shaft (2060) installed in a gear (206) of the transmission structure (200);

the cam (301) is positioned right behind the gear (206) and is arranged opposite to the two brake shoes (305);

a second locking nut (206) is fixedly arranged at the upper part of the left support frame (304);

the second lock nut (206) is provided with a threaded through hole which is transversely penetrated and connected with the fastening rod;

the right end of the connecting and fastening rod (302) which is transversely distributed is connected with the upper part of the supporting frame (304) which is positioned on the right after transversely penetrating through the threaded through hole of the connecting and fastening rod.

8. The fatigue test bench of claim 7, wherein the upper portion of the right supporting frame (304) is hinged with the right end of a hinge joint (3040);

the left end of the hinge joint (3040) is provided with connecting flat plates which are vertically distributed;

the connecting flat plate is provided with a connecting threaded hole which transversely penetrates through the connecting flat plate;

the right end part of the connecting fastening rod (302) is provided with an external thread;

the right end of the connecting fastening rod (302) is provided with an external thread which is in threaded connection with a connecting threaded hole on the connecting flat plate;

a supporting boss (1101) is respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the rear side of the mounting flat plate (110) at the top of the right end of the load mounting platform (1);

the lower ends of the two support frames (304) are respectively hinged with a support boss (1101).

9. Test bench for fatigue tests of cylinders according to claim 7, characterized in that the opposite sides of the two shoes (305) are provided with an arc-shaped friction band.

10. A fatigue test bench of a cylinder according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the gas circuit of the cylinder (1000) comprises a main wind source (2001), a ball valve (2002), an air filter (2003), an oil atomizer (2004), a pressure regulating valve (2005) and a tee joint (2006);

an air outlet of the main air source (2001) is communicated with an inlet of a tee joint (2006) through a connecting pipeline which is sequentially provided with a ball valve (2002), an air filter (2003), an oil atomizer (2004) and a pressure regulating valve (2005);

two outlets of the tee joint (2006) are respectively communicated with an inlet of a two-position three-way electric control valve (2007);

an outlet on the two-position three-way electric control valves (2007) is respectively communicated with an air inlet and an air outlet on the air cylinder (1000);

the fatigue test bench of the cylinder also comprises an electrical device;

an electrical device comprising a time relay and a counter;

the time relays are respectively connected with the control ends of the two-position three-way electric control valves (2007) and are used for alternately controlling the two-position three-way electric control valves (2007) to execute power-on and power-off operations within a preset time interval;

and the counter in the electric device is connected with any one two-position three-way electric control valve and is used for collecting the total on-off times of the two-position three-way electric control valve so as to record the action times of the air cylinder.

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