CN115787369B - A dry friction energy consumption type vibration and noise reduction fastener and its application method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a dry friction energy-consuming type vibration-reduction and noise-reduction fastener and a using method thereof, comprising a lower backing plate, a height-adjusting backing plate arranged above the under-device backing plate, and an iron backing plate arranged above the height-adjusting backing plate The lower backing plate of the device, the height adjustment backing plate and the iron backing plate are fixedly connected on the sleeper through the anchoring and locking structure; multiple sets of pressure-torsion conversion shock absorbers are arranged above the iron backing plate, and the pressure-torsion conversion shock absorbers are arranged on There are dry friction energy dissipating components. The dry friction energy dissipation component of the present invention consumes rail vibration energy through energy dissipation behaviors such as friction and collision between particles, bags and cavities, and provides a higher high-frequency damping loss factor, so that at the wheel-rail coupling resonance frequency Provide greater damping and reduce the transmission of rail vibration and noise to sleepers, ballast beds and ground. The present invention is based on the compression-torsion conversion shock absorber adding the rotating friction of the rotating motion on the basis of the moving friction of the vertical motion, increasing the friction stroke, and being used for vibration reduction and noise reduction.

Description

A dry friction energy consumption type vibration and noise reduction fastener and its application method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of rail vibration reduction and noise reduction, in particular to a dry friction and energy consumption type vibration reduction and noise reduction fastener and a use method thereof.

Background technique

With the rapid development of the economy of each city, the urban rail transit system is also developing at a high speed. However, while the urban rail transit system provides convenience for people's daily travel, the vibration and environmental noise problems caused by it also bring great troubles to residents and passengers along the line. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the vibration and noise problems generated by rail transit. At present, high-damping vibration-absorbing fasteners are a very effective measure for vibration and noise reduction.

In the low frequency band, the main excitation source that determines the amplitude of the environmental vibration and secondary structure noise caused by the train is the wheel-rail P2 resonance force. The amplitude of this resonance force is inversely proportional to the damping of the fastener system, so the damping performance of the fastener system directly affects Environmental vibration along the line caused by trains and secondary structure noise.

In the high frequency band, the loss factor of the fastener system directly determines the longitudinal attenuation rate of the track structure within 200-1000 Hz and the wheel-rail vibration and sound radiation caused by the track structure, thus determining the amplitude of the noise inside the train and the noise of the passengers. comfort.

To sum up, the damping of the fastener system is very important for the vibration and noise reduction of rail transit. At present, most of the existing vibration-damping fasteners use viscoelastic materials such as rubber pads as vibration-damping components. Therefore, the performance of this type of vibration-damping fastener depends on the viscoelastic damping of the material itself, and the viscoelastic damping of the material itself can meet the requirements of railway stiffness, strength It is difficult to obtain a large loss factor when required (generally around 0.1), and there are inevitably problems such as low high-frequency damping loss factor, easy aging, fast attenuation of vibration damping performance, and narrow operating temperature range.

Therefore, there is an urgent need for a vibration and noise reduction fastener that can utilize the principle of friction and collision energy consumption, has a higher high-frequency damping loss factor and maintains better vibration reduction performance, and is used for vibration and noise reduction in rail transit.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a dry friction energy consumption type vibration and noise reduction fastener and its use method. Based on the mechanism of dry friction vibration and energy consumption, the high frequency damping loss factor is high, and the It has better performance and longer service life, can adapt to various harsh environments, and solves the problems mentioned in the above-mentioned background technology.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a dry friction and energy consumption type vibration and noise reduction fastener, the fastener includes an underlayment plate, a height-adjusting backing plate set above the underlayment plate, and a height-adjusting backing plate. An iron backing plate arranged above the backing plate; the lower backing plate, the height-adjusting backing plate and the iron backing plate are fixedly connected on the sleeper through an anchoring and locking structure, and the anchoring and locking structure includes anchor bolts, spring washers, flat pads blocks and pre-embedded casings, the pre-embedded casings are embedded in sleeper rails in advance.

Preferably, multiple sets of compression-torsion conversion shock absorbers are arranged above the iron backing plate, and dry friction energy dissipation components are arranged on the compression-torsion conversion shock absorbers. All are blocked by the iron backing plate, and the steel rail is pressed on the center above the dry friction energy dissipation assembly by the insulating gauge block; the insulating gauge block is connected to the iron backing plate by the elastic strip through the bolt fastening structure and exerts a pre-tightening force , the bolt fastening structure includes T-bolts, hex nuts and flat washers.

Preferably, the dry friction energy dissipation assembly includes a cavity and a cover plate; the cavity is provided with a mounting groove, and the cover plate is inserted into the mounting groove of the cavity through a claw; the cavity contains an elastic bag, and the The elastic bag contains shock-absorbing particles.

Preferably, the dry friction energy dissipation component includes a cavity and a cover plate; the cavity is provided with an installation groove, and the cover plate is inserted into the installation groove of the cavity through a claw; the cavity contains vibration-damping particles, and the There is a gap between the damping particles and the cover plate.

Preferably, the shape of the cavity and the cover plate is a cuboid, and grooves are provided on both sides for assembling insulating gauge blocks; the material of the cavity and the cover plate is aluminum alloy or iron.

Preferably, the vibration-damping particles are spherical in shape with a diameter of 0.1-10 mm; the materials of the vibration-damping particles are iron-based materials, nano-based materials, titanium-based materials, lead-based materials, aluminum-based materials, chromium-based materials, Copper-based materials, rubber, glass, zirconia, concrete, gravel, pebbles, ceramic or polyurethane materials.

Preferably, the elastic bag is an elastic material of plastic, rubber or metal braid.

Preferably, the compression-torsion conversion shock absorber includes an upper chute, a spring, a cam, and a lower chute; the upper chute is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the dry friction energy dissipation assembly, and the lower chute is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the iron backing plate, The cam is placed in the sliding groove, one end of the spring abuts against the lower surface of the cover plate, and the other end abuts against the cam;

The upper chute, the cam and the lower chute are provided with sawtooth, and the cam is engaged with the upper chute and the lower chute through the sawtooth;

When the rail is vibrated under force, the vertical motion of the pressure-torsion conversion shock absorber is converted into the vertical motion of the upper chute relative to the lower chute and the rotational motion of the cam, which increases the friction stroke and improves the damping of the fastener.

Preferably, the range of the static friction coefficient of the upper chute is 0-1, the range of the dynamic friction coefficient of the upper chute is 0-1; the range of the static friction coefficient of the cam is 0-1, and the range of the dynamic friction coefficient of the cam is 0-1 ; The range of the static friction coefficient of the glide groove is 0-1, and the range of the dynamic friction coefficient of the glide groove is 0-1.

In addition, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides the following technical solution: a method for using a dry friction energy-consuming type vibration and noise reduction fastener, which specifically includes the following:

When the rail vibrates downward under force, the dry friction energy dissipation component drives the upper chute in the compression-torsion conversion shock absorber to move downward together, until the upper chute loses engagement with the cam, and the cam continues to move downward and saw teeth along the lower chute direction to rotate;

When the rail stops vibrating downward, under the action of the spring, the dry friction energy-dissipating component drives the upper chute in the pressure-torsion conversion shock absorber to move upward together, and the cam continues to move upward and rotate along the sawtooth direction of the upper chute;

By repeating the above process, on the basis of the moving friction of the vertical movement, the rotational friction of the rotational movement is added, and the friction stroke is increased, which is used for vibration reduction and noise reduction.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1) The dry friction energy dissipation component in the present invention uses the dry friction collision energy consumption and vibration reduction technology to replace the material compression deformation vibration reduction technology in the existing fasteners, through the energy consumption behaviors such as friction and collision between particles, bags and cavities Consuming rail vibration energy, this technology can provide a higher high-frequency damping loss factor than the existing technology, thereby providing greater damping at the wheel-rail coupling resonance frequency, reducing the transmission of rail vibration and noise to sleepers, ballast beds and ground.

2) In the existing fastener technology, the friction force between the contact surfaces of the damping components is as small as possible to ensure the smooth movement of the components. In the present invention, the pressure-torque conversion shock absorber is adopted, and the components are in close contact with each other and the friction factor is relatively large. Amplify the friction and use the friction energy to alleviate the vibration of the rail and the foundation under the rail. In addition, the pressurized vertical movement of the shock absorber is converted into the rotational movement of the cam, and rotational friction is added to the movement friction to further amplify the friction effect.

3) The components of the dry friction energy-dissipating components and the compression-torsion conversion shock absorber used in the present invention are all rigid materials rather than viscoelastic materials such as rubber, so it overcomes the existing fasteners that are prone to aging, fast attenuation of vibration damping performance, and operating temperature range. Narrow and other issues, long service life and can adapt to harsh environments.

4) In the present invention, the damping particles are independent of the outside of the sleeper. On the one hand, because the rail vibration is relatively large, they are directly installed at the lower part of the rail to absorb and dissipate the rail vibration directly generated by the train operation, and the vibration and noise reduction effect is better; the other On the one hand, the manufacturing is simple, and the vibration damping components can be disassembled and replaced separately, which improves the convenience of production, installation and maintenance, and greatly reduces the cost.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the dry friction energy consumption type damping fastener of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a dry friction energy-dissipating component;

Fig. 3 is the sectional view of the front structure of the dry friction energy dissipation assembly in embodiment 1;

Fig. 4 is the sectional view of the front structure of the dry friction energy dissipation assembly in embodiment 2;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the compression-torsion conversion shock absorber of the present invention;

In the figure, 1-rail; 2-dry friction energy-dissipating components; 201-cavity; 202-cover plate; 203-damping particles; 204-elastic bag; Groove; 302-spring; 303-cam; 304-sliding groove; 4-T-bolt; 5-hex nut; 6-flat washer; -Anchor bolts; 11-spring washers; 12-flat pads; 13-adjustment backing plate; 14-bottom backing plate; 15-embedded casing.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The present invention provides a technical solution: a dry friction energy consumption type vibration-reduction and noise-reduction fastener, as shown in Figure 1, including: a lower backing plate 14, a height-adjusting backing plate 13, and an iron backing plate 9. The height-adjusting backing plate 13 is placed on the lower backing plate 14 of the device, and the iron backing plate 9 is placed on the said height-adjusting backing plate 13. The lower backing plate 14, the height-adjusting backing plate 13 and the iron backing plate 9 pass through the anchor locking structure Fixedly connected to the sleeper, the anchoring and locking structure includes anchor bolts 10, spring washers 11, flat pads 12 and embedded sleeves 15, and the embedded sleeves 15 are embedded in the sleeper rail in advance.

Further, multiple groups of compression-torsion conversion shock absorbers 3 are placed above the iron backing plate 9, and dry friction energy consumption components 2, compression-torsion conversion shock absorbers 3 and dry friction loss components are placed on the compression-torsion conversion shock absorbers 3. The energy components 2 are blocked by iron backing plates 9 on all sides, and the steel rail 1 is pressed on the center above the dry friction energy dissipation component 2 by the insulating gauge block 8, and the insulating gauge block 8 is connected by the elastic strip 7 through a bolt fastening structure On the iron backing plate 9 and apply a pre-tightening force, the bolt fastening structure includes T-shaped bolts 4 , hex nuts 5 and flat washers 6 .

Further, as shown in FIG. 3 , the dry friction energy dissipation assembly 2 includes a cavity 201 and a cover plate 202 , the cavity 201 is provided with a mounting groove, and the cover plate 202 is inserted into the mounting groove of the cavity 201 through a claw , the cavity 201 contains an elastic bag 204, and the elastic bag contains vibration-damping particles 203.

Further, the cavity 201 and the cover plate 202 are made of aluminum alloy or iron.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2 , the cavity 201 and the cover plate 202 are cuboid in shape, and grooves are provided on both sides for assembling the insulating gauge block 8 .

Further, the shape of the vibration-damping particles 203 is spherical, the diameter of the vibration-damping particles 203 is 0.1-10mm, and the materials of the vibration-damping particles are iron-based materials, nano-based materials, titanium-based materials, lead-based materials, aluminum-based materials material, chrome-based, copper-based, rubber, glass, zirconia, concrete, gravel, pebbles, ceramic or polyurethane.

Further, the diameter of the vibration-damping particles 203 is 4mm, and the material of the vibration-damping particles 203 is iron-based material.

Further, the material of the elastic bag 204 is elastic material of plastic, rubber or metal braid.

When in use, the vibration generated by the rail 1 is transmitted to the dry friction energy dissipation assembly 2 through the rail 1 and the insulating gauge block 8 at the same time, and the elastic bag 204 will be squeezed and collided by the cavity 201 and the cover plate 202 and deformed. A certain amount of vibration energy is consumed, and the vibration-damping particles 203 are caused to rub and collide, consuming a large amount of vibration energy. This behavior is based on the principle of friction and collision energy consumption, with strong vibration reduction performance, especially high-frequency damping loss factor, and this behavior is not affected by temperature and air pressure, and has a long life and can be used in harsh environments.

The dry friction collision energy dissipation component 2 relies on dissipating rail vibration energy for vibration reduction, but due to its rigidity, it can only provide damping and cannot directly reduce vibration of the foundation under the rail. Therefore, it is necessary to install a compression-torsion conversion shock absorber 3 below it provide some stiffness.

Further, the compression-torsional conversion shock absorber 3 includes an upper chute 301 , a spring 302 , a cam 303 and a lower chute 304 , as shown in FIG. 5 . Wherein, the upper chute 301 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the dry friction energy dissipation assembly 2 by means of welding, etc., the lower chute 304 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the iron backing plate 9 by means of welding, etc., the cam 303 is placed in the lower chute 304, and the spring 302 One end abuts against the lower surface of the cover plate 202 , and the other end abuts against the cam 303 .

Further, there are serrations on the upper chute 301 , the cam 303 and the lower chute 304 , and the cam 303 meshes with the upper chute 301 and the lower chute 304 through the serrations. When the rail is vibrated under force, the vertical movement of the pressure-torsion conversion shock absorber 3 under pressure is converted into the vertical movement of the upper chute 301 relative to the lower chute 304 and the rotational movement of the cam 303, which increases the friction stroke and improves the damping of the fastener .

Further, the range of the static friction coefficient of the upper chute 301 is 0-1, and the range of the dynamic friction coefficient of the upper chute 301 is 0-1.

Further, the range of the static friction coefficient of the cam 303 is 0-1, and the range of the dynamic friction coefficient of the cam 303 is 0-1.

Further, the range of the static friction coefficient of the glide groove 304 is 0-1, and the range of the dynamic friction coefficient of the glide groove 304 is 0-1.

When the rail 1 is forced to vibrate downward, the dry friction energy dissipation assembly 2 drives the upper chute 301 in the pressure-torsion conversion shock absorber to move downward together until the upper chute 301 loses engagement with the cam 303, and the cam 303 continues downward Move and rotate along the zigzag direction of the sliding groove 304;

When the rail 1 stops vibrating downward, under the action of the spring 302, the dry friction energy dissipation assembly 2 drives the upper chute 301 in the pressure-torsion conversion shock absorber 3 to move upward together, and the cam 303 continues to move upward and along the upper chute 301 Rotate in the zigzag direction;

By repeating the above process, on the basis of the moving friction of the vertical movement, the rotational friction of the rotational movement is added, and the friction stroke is increased, which is used for vibration reduction and noise reduction.

Example 2

The basic structure of a dry friction energy-dissipating vibration-damping fastener described in this embodiment is basically the same as that of Example 1, as shown in Figure 4. The difference is that the vibration-damping particles 203 are not contained in the elastic bag 204, but It is directly filled in the cavity 201, and there is a gap between the vibration-damping particles 203 and the cover plate 202, so as to better exert the damping characteristics of the particles; the material of the vibration-damping particles 203 is a nano-based material, and the material of the vibration-damping particles 203 Materials can also be titanium-based materials, lead-based materials, aluminum-based materials, chrome-based materials, copper-based materials, rubber, glass, zirconia, concrete, gravel, pebbles, ceramics, polyurethane; the diameter of the vibration-damping particles 203 is 5mm .

For the dry friction energy dissipation component 2, when in use, the vibration generated by the rail 1 is transmitted to the dry friction energy dissipation component 2 through the rail 1 and the insulating gauge block 8 at the same time, and the vibration damping particles 203 will directly contact the cavity 201 and the cover plate 202 Collision and friction occur and consume a certain amount of vibration energy; due to the existence of gaps, the vibration-damping particles 203 move violently and collide and rub against each other, consuming a large amount of vibration energy.

For the compression-torsion conversion shock absorber 3, when in use, the bottom of the cavity 201 is used as a reference system. When the rail 1 is forced to vibrate downward, the bottom of the cavity 201 drives the upper chute 301 to move downward together, and moves to the upper chute 301. When the engagement with the cam 303 is lost, the cam 303 rotates to the right along the zigzag direction of the slide groove 304 and moves downward; the rail 1 stops moving downward, and the bottom of the cavity 201 drives the upper slide groove 301 to move upward together under the action of the spring 302. The cam 303 rotates to the right along the zigzag direction of the upper chute 301 and moves upwards, so repeatedly. The vertical movement of the pressure-torsion conversion shock absorber 3 under pressure is converted into the vertical movement of the upper chute 301 relative to the lower chute 304 and the rotational movement of the cam 303, and the rotational friction is added to the original limited travel friction, greatly increasing The friction stroke strengthens the friction effect to reduce vibration and noise. The compression-torsion conversion shock absorber 3 is different from the prior art. It amplifies the friction between parts and uses frictional energy consumption to increase the damping of fasteners. This technology further improves fastener damping.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Within the spirit and principles of the present invention, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc., shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A dry friction energy consumption type vibration-reducing and noise-reducing fastener is characterized in that, the fastener comprises a backing plate (14), a height-adjusting backing plate (13) arranged above the backing plate (14) And the iron backing plate (9) that adjusts the backing plate (13) top to arrange; The backing plate (14) under the described device, the heightening backing plate (13) and the iron backing plate (9) are fixedly connected in the On the sleeper, the anchoring and locking structure includes anchor bolts (10), spring washers (11), flat pads (12) and embedded sleeves (15), and the embedded sleeves (15) are embedded in the sleeper in advance. rail; There are multiple sets of pressure-torsion conversion shock absorbers (3) above the iron backing plate (9), and dry friction energy-consuming components (2) are arranged on the pressure-torsion conversion shock absorbers (3). The vibrator (3) and the dry friction energy dissipation assembly (2) are all blocked by an iron backing plate (9), and the dry friction energy dissipation assembly (2) includes a cavity (201) and a cover plate (202). The cavity (201) contains damping particles (203); The compression-torsion conversion shock absorber (3) includes an upper chute (301), a spring (302), a cam (303) and a lower chute (304); the upper chute (301) is fixedly connected to the dry friction energy dissipation The lower surface of the assembly (2), the glide groove (304) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the iron backing plate (9), the cam (303) is placed in the glide groove (304), and one end of the spring (302) abuts against the cover plate ( 202) the lower surface, and the other end abuts against the cam (303); The upper chute (301), the cam (303) and the lower chute (304) are provided with sawtooth, and the cam (303) realizes engagement with the upper chute (301) and the lower chute (304) through the sawtooth; When the rail is vibrated under force, the vertical movement of the pressure-torsion conversion shock absorber (3) is converted into the vertical movement of the upper chute (301) relative to the lower chute (304) and the rotational movement of the cam (303), increasing The friction stroke is increased, and the fastener damping is improved. 2. The dry friction energy dissipation type vibration and noise reduction fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that the steel rail (1) is pressed above the dry friction energy dissipation assembly (2) by the insulating gauge block (8) Center; the insulating gauge block (8) is connected to the iron backing plate (9) by the elastic strip (7) through a bolt fastening structure and exerts a pre-tightening force, and the bolt fastening structure includes T-shaped bolts (4) , Hex nut (5) and flat washer (6). 3. The dry friction energy consumption type vibration and noise reduction fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cavity (201) is provided with a mounting groove, and the cover plate (202) is inserted into the cavity (201) through the claw ) in the installation groove; the cavity (201) contains an elastic bag (204), and the elastic bag contains vibration-damping particles (203). 4. The dry friction energy dissipation type vibration and noise reduction fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that there is a gap between the vibration damping particles (203) and the cover plate (202). 5. The dry friction energy consumption type vibration and noise reduction fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that: the shape of the cavity (201) and the cover (202) is a cuboid, and two sides are provided for assembly. The groove of the insulating gauge block (8); the material of the cavity (201) and the cover plate (202) is aluminum alloy or iron. 6. The dry friction energy consumption type vibration and noise reduction fastener according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: the vibration damping particles (203) are spherical in shape with a diameter of 0.1-10mm; (203) The material is iron-based material, nano-based material, titanium-based material, lead-based material, aluminum-based material, chromium-based material, copper-based material, rubber, glass, zirconia, concrete, gravel, pebbles, ceramics or Polyurethane material. 7. The dry friction energy dissipation type vibration and noise reduction fastener according to claim 3, characterized in that: the elastic bag (204) is an elastic material of plastic, rubber or metal braid. 8. The dry friction energy consumption type vibration and noise reduction fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that: the range of the static friction coefficient of the upper chute (301) is 0-1, and the range of the dynamic friction coefficient of the upper chute is 0-1; the static friction coefficient range of the cam (303) is 0-1, and the dynamic friction coefficient range of the cam is 0-1; the static friction coefficient range of the sliding groove (304) is 0-1, and the dynamic friction coefficient of the sliding groove The range is 0-1. 9. A method for using the dry friction and energy consumption type vibration and noise reduction fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that it specifically includes the following: When the rail (1) vibrates downward under force, the dry friction energy dissipation component (2) drives the upper chute (301) in the pressure-torsion conversion shock absorber to move downward together until the upper chute loses contact with the cam (303). meshing, the cam (303) continues to move downward and rotates along the sawtooth direction of the chute (304); When the rail (1) stops vibrating downward, under the action of the spring (302), the dry friction energy dissipation component (2) drives the upper chute (301) in the compression-torsion conversion shock absorber (3) to move upward together, The cam (303) continues to move upwards and rotates along the zigzag direction of the upper chute (301); By repeating the above process, on the basis of the moving friction of the vertical movement, the rotational friction of the rotational movement is added, and the friction stroke is increased, which is used for vibration reduction and noise reduction.

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