CN115777432A - Method for cultivating and ecologically planting honeysuckle in dry land with high quality and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and specifically relates to a dry land honeysuckle cultivation and ecological high-quality planting method and its application, comprising the following steps: S1: field arrangement, deep plowing on the selected field, smashing soil clods, After that, dig the planting pit and apply basal fertilizer; S2: transplant the seedlings, dig out the seedlings to be planted from the nursery, and then plant them in the planting pits in the field. After that, compact the small soil and water Water; S3: field management, during the production process of honeysuckle, fertilization, pruning, irrigation, weeding and pest control are carried out on the honeysuckle to ensure that the honeysuckle grows well; S4: harvesting, in the second year after the honeysuckle is transplanted, the honeysuckle It will begin to bloom, and when the buds are not open, the color is yellow-white or green-white, the honeysuckle can be picked and processed; the method of the invention is simple, and can clean up insect eggs, germs or weed seeds in the field soil, and improve the quality of the seedlings after transplanting. survival rate and growth rate.

Description

A dry land honeysuckle cultivation and ecological high-quality planting method and its application

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and in particular relates to a dryland honeysuckle cultivation and ecological high-quality planting method and application thereof.

Background technique

Honeysuckle is a plant of the genus Lonicera in the Lonicera family. It is in the shape of a rod-shaped flower bud, slightly curved; the surface is reddish-brown or gray-brown, the lips are similar to the crown, and the back is rough and hairy. For carbuncle swollen furunculosis, sore throat, erysipelas, pyretic toxin blood dysentery, wind-heat cold, fever due to febrile disease, etc. It has strong antibacterial effect, and has different degrees of inhibitory effect on various bacteria in vitro, such as Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli.

Honeysuckle has strong adaptability, likes sun, is tolerant to shade, has strong cold resistance, and is also resistant to drought and water humidity. It is not strict on the soil, but it grows best on moist and fertile deep sandy soil, and it grows twice a year in spring and summer. Shoots, dense and well-developed root system, strong sprouting ability, stems and vines can take root when they touch the ground, like sunshine and a mild and humid environment, strong vitality, wide adaptability, cold and drought tolerance, and easy to grow poorly in shaded places.

The existing mode of planting honeysuckle mainly is two kinds: cuttage mode and seed collection mode, wherein the cutting mode is to dig seedlings and transplant in spring. At present, the commonly used methods for raising honeysuckle seedlings are: collect mature honeysuckle fruits and obtain seeds; mix the seeds into moist fine sand and store them in a cool and ventilated place; sow seeds in the next spring. Put a layer of fertilizer, and then cover with a layer of sand; finally sow, evenly spread the seeds stored in the river sand on the border surface, but the emergence rate and survival rate of the honeysuckle obtained in this way are low, and the emergence rate after 60 days of sowing usually Only 50%-70%, until the time of transplanting, the survival rate of honeysuckle seedlings is usually only 60%-80%, and the growth time is long, and the flowering is late.

Contents of the invention

In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, clean up insect eggs, germs or weed seeds in the soil of the field, and improve the survival rate and growth rate of seedlings after transplanting, the present invention proposes a dry land honeysuckle cultivation and ecological high-quality planting method and its application .

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a kind of upland honeysuckle cultivation and ecological high-quality planting method and application thereof of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

S1: Field preparation, deep plowing on the selected field, breaking the soil clods, leveling and raking, and then digging planting pits in the leveled field, and applying basal fertilizer in the planting pits. The depth of deep plowing is 30-35cm;

S2: transplanting the seedlings, digging out the seedlings to be planted with soil from the nursery, then planting them in the planting pits in the field, after that, compacting the soil around the seedlings, and pouring enough water, when the seedlings are transplanted Digging and planting at the bottom of the planting pit, the planting pit forms a cofferdam around the transplanted seedlings, and the root system of the seedlings contacts the base fertilizer in the planting pit;

S3: field management, during the production process of honeysuckle, fertilization, pruning, irrigation, weeding and pest control are carried out on the honeysuckle to ensure that the honeysuckle grows well. in the cofferdam;

S4: Harvesting. In the second year after the honeysuckle is transplanted, the honeysuckle will start to bloom. When the buds are not open and the color is yellowish white or greenish white, the honeysuckle can be picked and processed;

In the S1 step, a layer of straw is laid on the deeply plowed soil, and the lit straw is used to bake the soil, and the straw is cut into sections after being dried, and the surface of the straw after laying is Sprinkle a layer of coal powder again, level and rake the soil after the straw is burned, and burn the straw for 5-10 minutes.

Preferably, the base fertilizer applied in the S1 step is river bottom mud or pond mud, and the river bottom mud or pond mud is improved by adding soil remediation agent or quicklime before being used as base fertilizer.

Preferably, the river bottom mud or pond mud is used after being mixed with crushed crop straw, and the crushed crop straw has been decomposed.

Preferably, in the S1 step, after the basal fertilizer is applied in the planting pit, a mulch film is laid on the field surface, and the seedlings are transplanted after 5-7 days after the mulch film is laid. After opening the hole, transplant it into the planting hole.

Preferably, quicklime is spread on the surface of the field before the mulch film is laid, and the quicklime is covered by the mulch film, and the quicklime is applied at 50-80 kg per mu.

Preferably, the roots of the seedlings excavated from the nursery in the step S2 are sprayed with a carbendazim solution before planting.

Preferably, the mulch is a black thickened mulch.

Preferably, a layer of straw or weeds is laid around the seedlings, and the straws or weeds are located on the mulch, and the straws or weeds block the openings on the mulch for transplanting seedlings.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

1. A kind of upland honeysuckle cultivation and ecological high-quality planting method and its application of the present invention, by using straw, coal powder, quicklime and mulching film to act together, the germs, insect eggs and weed seeds in the planting field soil are cleared, It reduces the growth of weeds and the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the field after transplanting seedlings, improves the survival rate and growth speed of seedlings, saves planting costs, improves planting efficiency, and is easy to popularize.

2. A kind of upland honeysuckle cultivation and ecological high-quality planting method and application thereof of the present invention, by making plastic film covering quicklime and waiting for a period of time after plastic film covering and then transplanting, thereby utilize the water droplet that water vapor condenses when plastic film covers and quicklime Response, clean up the soil surface again, kill surviving insect eggs, germs and weed seeds, ensure the survival rate and normal growth of seedlings, and avoid the adverse effects of quicklime on transplanted seedlings.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical means, creative features, goals and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

As shown in Figure 1, a kind of upland honeysuckle cultivation and ecological high-quality planting method and application thereof of the present invention comprise the following steps:

S1: Field preparation, deep plowing on the selected field, breaking the soil clods, leveling and raking, and then digging planting pits in the leveled field, and applying basal fertilizer in the planting pits. The depth of deep plowing is 30-35cm; through deep plowing, the soil structure can be changed, the nutrients in the deep soil can be released, and the growth effect of honeysuckle can be improved. The mutual contact facilitates the absorption of nutrients by the honeysuckle planted in the planting pit;

S2: transplanting the seedlings, digging out the seedlings to be planted with soil from the nursery, then planting them in the planting pits in the field, after that, compacting the soil around the seedlings, and pouring enough water, when the seedlings are transplanted Digging and planting at the bottom of the planting pit, the planting pit forms a cofferdam around the transplanted seedlings, and the root system of the seedlings contacts the base manure in the planting pit; the honeysuckle seedlings are planted at the bottom of the planting pit, not directly Put it in the planting pit and then fill the soil into the planting pit, so that the planting pit can be directly used as a cofferdam, and there is no need to re-cultivate the roots of the seedlings to form a cofferdam after transplanting, which is convenient for the transplanting of the seedlings. At the same time, due to the existence of the planting pit, After the seedlings are transplanted, the water poured on the seedlings will be relatively concentrated in and around the planting pit, and will not flow or escape on the soil surface, thereby improving the effect of watering on the survival of the seedlings after transplanting, thereby improving the survival of the seedlings Rate;

S3: field management, during the production process of honeysuckle, fertilization, pruning, irrigation, weeding and pest control are carried out on the honeysuckle to ensure that the honeysuckle grows well. In the cofferdam; during the growth of honeysuckle, the staff regularly weeds, fertilizes, prunes and manages the honeysuckle, and controls the pests and diseases.

S4: Harvesting. In the second year after the honeysuckle is transplanted, the honeysuckle will start to bloom. When the buds are not open and the color is yellowish white or greenish white, the honeysuckle can be picked and processed;

In the S1 step, a layer of straw is laid on the deeply plowed soil, and the lit straw is used to bake the soil, and the straw is cut into sections after being dried, and the surface of the straw after laying is Sprinkle a layer of coal powder again, level and rake the soil after the straw is burned, and burn the straw for 5-10 minutes;

After deep plowing, the temperature of the soil is greatly increased in a short period of time by burning the straw laid on the soil, and the high temperature generated by the straw burning can kill the germs, insect eggs, and weed seeds in the soil, reducing the After the seedlings are transplanted, weeds grow in the field and compete with the seedlings for nutrients, which affects the survival and healthy growth of the seedlings. At the same time, it can also avoid the hatching of insect eggs in the soil after the seedlings are transplanted, causing pests and diseases, affecting to the normal growth of seedlings and the survival rate of transplanting;

At the same time, by spreading a layer of coal powder on the surface of the cut straw, the characteristics of easy combustion of coal powder and the gap structure between the straw are used to promote the burning of the straw laid on the surface of the soil and avoid insufficient or difficult burning of the straw. , to reduce the workload of the staff, at the same time, the straw powder and cinder powder after burning will be mixed into the surface soil in the field during the process of breaking the soil clods, leveling and raking, and play the role of fertilizer to promote the robust growth of honeysuckle , and the burned straw powder and cinder powder will improve the soil structure, increase the permeability of the soil, and benefit the survival and growth of the transplanted seedlings. At the same time, through the control of the amount of straw and coal powder , so that the burning time of the laid straw and pulverized coal is controlled within 5-10 minutes, so as to avoid burning too much straw for a long time, causing environmental pollution, and burning too long, which will cause the soil temperature to rise too much and cause soil pollution. Changes in the internal structure are not conducive to plant growth.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the base fertilizer applied in the S1 step is river bottom silt or pond mud, and the river bottom silt or pond mud is improved by adding soil remediation agent or quicklime and then used as base fertilizer;

Add soil remediation agent or quicklime to the collected river bottom silt or pond mud for improvement, and then break the river bottom silt or pond mud into small pieces or small particles after being weathered by the sun for use. The river bottom silt or pond mud is too sticky and heavy, and directly applied to the soil will cause soil compaction or burnt honeysuckle seedlings, which will affect the survival rate of transplanted seedlings;

At the same time, using river bottom silt or pond mud as base fertilizer can reduce the amount of fertilizer used, reduce the planting cost of honeysuckle, and improve economic benefits. The product is rich in nutrients and high in organic matter content in the soil. It is a complete organic fertilizer with balanced trace elements, comprehensive nutrients and rich nutrients. It has a good effect on the survival and healthy growth of honeysuckle transplanted into the planting field.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the river bottom mud or pond mud is used after being mixed with crushed crop straw, and the crushed crop straw has been decomposed;

By mixing river bottom mud or pond mud with crushed crop straw, the fiber contained in crop straw can be used to further improve the soil structure of river bottom mud or pond mud, improve its soil permeability, and avoid using it as a base fertilizer for planting After the river bottom silt or pond mud in the pit comes into contact with the water after transplanting, they re-contact each other and become sticky, resulting in a decrease in air permeability, making the roots of the transplanted honeysuckle seedlings airtight, and affecting the survival rate of the seedlings ;

At the same time, during use, the crop straw mixed into the river bottom mud or pond mud is decomposed before use, so that the crushed crop straw is relatively softened, which is conducive to the mixing of crop straw and river bottom mud or pond mud, and After the mixture of the two is applied to the planting pit as a base fertilizer, the gap between the base fertilizer and the root system of the seedlings will not be too large, so as to avoid the relatively high hardness of the crop stalks that have not been decomposed. After being applied to the planting pit, they will support each other in the base fertilizer , forming a large gap, which affects the absorption of nutrients in the base fertilizer by the roots of the seedlings after transplanting;

At the same time, by decomposing the straw, the nutrient elements in the crop straw can be released more easily, which is convenient for the absorption of the young seedlings, and at the same time, it can also prevent the insect eggs and germs remaining in the crop straw from being brought into the planting field and affect the young seedlings. of normal growth.

As an embodiment of the present invention, in the S1 step, after the basal fertilizer is applied in the planting pit, the plastic film is laid on the field surface, and the seedlings are transplanted after 5-7 days after the plastic film is laid, and the cofferdam formed by the planting pit is covered by the plastic film. The seedlings are transplanted into the planting pit after perforating the plastic film;

After the base fertilizer is applied to the planting pit, the staff first covers the planting field with plastic film, and covers the planting field for a period of time through the plastic film, and uses the plastic film to intercept the water evaporated from the soil to a certain extent to avoid moisture in the soil At the same time, after using the mulch to intercept the moisture in the soil evaporation, the water will condense on the mulch and fall to the surface of the soil, finally making the surface of the soil relatively moist, making the surface of the soil and the relatively deep layer (deep plowing depth) Between) the humidity is the same, so as to alleviate the problem of low humidity on the soil surface due to the use of straw burning to remove insect eggs, germs and weed seeds in the soil during deep plowing;

At the same time, since the planting pit forms a cofferdam after the seedlings are transplanted, and the planting pit is located under the plastic film, after the water condenses on the plastic film to form water droplets, when the water droplets drip down, they will gather towards the planting pit area, thus to a certain extent Above all, increase the water content in the area where the planting pit is located in the field, so that the water diffusion rate of watering after transplanting the seedlings is reduced, prolonging the moisturizing time of the watering water for the transplanted seedlings, and improving the survival rate of the seedlings;

At the same time, transplanting after 5-7 days of plastic film laying can also make the base fertilizer applied in the planting pit spread in the soil to a certain extent during this period of time, so that the nutrients in the base fertilizer can be evenly distributed in the planting pit, ensuring that the young seedlings will Every place transplanted into the planting pit can get enough nutrition to ensure the survival rate and normal growth of the seedlings.

As an embodiment of the present invention, quicklime is spread on the surface of the field before the plastic film is laid, the quicklime is covered by the plastic film, and the quicklime is applied at 50-80 kg per mu;

Since the quicklime is covered by the plastic film, and the seedlings are transplanted 5-7 days after the plastic film is laid, after the plastic film is laid, the moisture in the soil condenses into water droplets and drips again, and the quicklime reacts with the dripping water droplets to generate heat. At the same time, due to the relatively long time interval for transplanting seedlings after the mulch is laid, it can be ensured that the quicklime completely reacts with the dripping water droplets during the process, so as to avoid the quicklime from not fully reacting. After the seedlings are planted, the quicklime is in contact with water, causing the quicklime to cause damage to the transplanted seedlings and affect the survival rate of the seedlings;

At the same time, the quicklime reacts with the dripping water droplets to generate heat to reheat the soil surface, which can survive the straw burning in the soil by chance or the insect eggs and germs that were turned out during the leveling rake. The weed seeds are killed to eliminate or reduce the growth of weeds or pests in the field after the seedlings are transplanted, which affects the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings and the growth rate of the seedlings.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the roots of the seedlings excavated from the nursery in the S2 step are sprayed with a carbendazim solution before planting;

When the seedlings are dug out from the nursery or after the seedlings are dug out from the nursery, when the root system of the seedlings is relatively large and distributed, the staff needs to carry out certain operations on the roots of the seedlings for the convenience of transplanting and the consideration of the survival rate. A certain degree of pruning will definitely cause some damage to the root system of the seedlings. Therefore, the staff sprays the roots of the seedlings with carbendazim solution before transplanting, and uses the carbendazim solution to disinfect the seedlings to a certain extent to avoid After the seedlings are transplanted, the seedlings are infected by pathogens, causing the root system of the seedlings to be damaged or rotten, which reduces the survival rate or growth rate of the seedlings.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the mulch is a black thickened mulch;

By using thick black mulch film, the sunlight cannot be irradiated on the ground, thereby inhibiting the residual weeds on the soil surface, making the weeds die without receiving sunlight, and avoiding the competition between weeds and young seedlings after transplanting. Grabbing nutrients and sunlight will affect the survival rate and growth rate of seedlings. At the same time, the use of thickened black plastic film can suppress or kill weeds in the field, so that the staff does not need or reduce the weeding of the field after transplanting seedlings , reduce the workload of the staff, reduce the use of herbicides, and reduce the impact of herbicides on seedlings after transplanting;

At the same time, covering with thick black plastic film can ensure the relative stability of the soil temperature in the field and increase the soil temperature, which is conducive to the survival of seedlings after transplanting and improves the survival rate.

As an embodiment of the present invention, a layer of straw or weeds is laid around the seedlings, and the straws or weeds are located on the mulch, and the straw or weeds block the openings on the mulch for transplanting seedlings. ;

After transplanting the seedlings, lay a layer of straw or weeds around the seedlings, so that the openings on the mulch film can be blocked by the laid straws or weeds, so as to reduce the escape of water in the soil from the openings and ensure that the moisture in the soil The stability of the water content is conducive to the healthy growth of the seedlings. At the same time, the laid straw or weeds can further keep the transplanted seedlings warm and moisturized, which is conducive to the survival of the seedlings. At the same time, because the plastic film is covered around the planting pit, Moreover, there are only openings on the plastic film for transplanting seedlings. After the transplanted seedlings grow and grow up, when the staff water and fertilize the seedlings, the fertilizer will not easily pass through the openings on the plastic film and enter the planting pit. , so that the fertilizer is intercepted by the plastic film, which affects the effect of watering and fertilization and causes waste of fertilizer. By laying straw or weeds around the seedlings, when the staff is watering or fertilizing, the staff can directly pour the fertilizer or water into the On the straw or weeds around the seedlings, let the water or fertilizer flow through the straw or weeds to the planting pit from the openings on the mulch film, so as to prevent the water or fertilizer from entering quickly through the openings on the mulch film Into the planting pit, causing fertilizer or water to flow away from the mulch film, affecting the effect of fertilization or watering;

At the same time, the plastic film covering the planting pit can also ensure that the water or fertilizer irrigated by the staff can stay in the planting pit, slow down the evaporation of water, and facilitate the absorption and utilization of young seedlings.

The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. What are described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description only illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have Variations and improvements are possible, which fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. A kind of upland honeysuckle cultivation and ecological high-quality planting method and application thereof, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps: S1: Field preparation, deep plowing on the selected field, breaking up soil clods, leveling and raking, and then digging planting pits in the leveled fields, and applying base fertilizer in the planting pits; S2: transplanting the seedlings, digging out the seedlings to be planted with soil from the nursery, and then planting them in the planting pits in the field, after that, compacting the soil around the seedlings and pouring enough water; S3: Field management, during the production process of honeysuckle, fertilization, pruning, irrigation, weeding and pest control are carried out on the honeysuckle to ensure that the honeysuckle grows well; S4: Harvesting. In the second year after the honeysuckle is transplanted, the honeysuckle will start to bloom. When the buds are not open and the color is yellowish white or greenish white, the honeysuckle can be picked and processed; In the S1 step, a layer of straw is laid on the deeply plowed soil, and the lit straw is used to bake the soil, and the straw is cut into sections after being dried, and the surface of the straw after laying is Sprinkle a layer of coal powder again, and then level and rake the soil after the straw is burned. 2. A kind of upland honeysuckle cultivation and ecological high-quality planting method and application thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: the base fertilizer applied in the S1 step is river bottom silt or pond mud, and the river bottom silt or pond mud Add soil remediation agent or quicklime to improve and then use it as base fertilizer. 3. According to claim 2, a method for cultivating and ecologically high-quality honeysuckle in dry land and its application, is characterized in that: the river bottom mud or pond mud is used after mixing with crushed crop straw, and the crushed crop straw is passed through Decomposed treatment. 4. according to claim 2, a kind of dry land honeysuckle cultivation and ecological high-quality planting method and application thereof, it is characterized in that: in the described S1 step, lay plastic film on the field surface after applying basal fertilizer in the planting pit, after the described plastic film is laid 5-7 days Then transplant the seedlings. 5. According to claim 4, a dryland honeysuckle cultivation and ecological high-quality planting method and its application are characterized in that: the surface of the field is spread with quicklime before the plastic film is laid, the quicklime is covered by the plastic film, and the quicklime is applied per mu 50-80 kg. 6. A kind of upland honeysuckle cultivation and ecological high-quality planting method and application thereof according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the described S2 step, the seedlings dug out from the nursery use carbendazim solution to treat the roots of the seedlings before planting. spray. 7. A dry land honeysuckle cultivation method and ecological high-quality planting method and application thereof according to claim 5, characterized in that: the mulch film is a black thickened mulch film. 8. A method for cultivating and ecologically high-quality honeysuckle in dry land and its application according to claim 4, characterized in that: a layer of straw or weeds is laid around the seedlings, and the straw or weeds are located on the plastic film.

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