CN115754016B - Health monitoring method for rod-shaped piezoelectric sensor and steel plate sandwich concrete composite plate - Google Patents
Health monitoring method for rod-shaped piezoelectric sensor and steel plate sandwich concrete composite plate Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
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Abstract
棒状压电传感器及钢板夹心混凝土复合板健康监测方法，棒状压电传感器，包括：压电陶瓷管(1)、超高性能混凝土(2)、三孔插座(3)、导线(4)。钢板夹心混凝土复合板健康监测方法，通过对处于不同结构层面的压电陶瓷管接收到的信号进行滤波处理，提取由裂缝反射、散射引起的信号成分，构建相应的损伤识别算法，从而可以确定复合板中是否存在裂缝、以及裂缝处于混凝土板还是钢板。为了实时了解正在服役的钢板夹心混凝土复合板内部的健康状况，开发的一种能长期稳定工作且可多层面探测的传感器及公开应用方法。
A rod-shaped piezoelectric sensor and a method for monitoring the health of a steel plate sandwich concrete composite plate. The rod-shaped piezoelectric sensor comprises: a piezoelectric ceramic tube (1), ultra-high performance concrete (2), a three-hole socket (3), and a wire (4). The method for monitoring the health of a steel plate sandwich concrete composite plate performs filtering processing on the signals received by the piezoelectric ceramic tubes at different structural levels, extracts the signal components caused by crack reflection and scattering, and constructs a corresponding damage identification algorithm, thereby determining whether there are cracks in the composite plate and whether the cracks are in the concrete plate or the steel plate. In order to understand the health status of the steel plate sandwich concrete composite plate in service in real time, a sensor that can work stably for a long time and can detect at multiple levels and a public application method are developed.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及结构无损检测领域。The invention relates to the field of structural nondestructive testing.
技术背景Technical Background
钢板夹心混凝土复合板是一种承载力高、延性好的新型结构，已被广泛应用于各种军事、民用建筑。目前钢板夹心混凝土复合板的力学性能已被广大学者研究，并且取得了较丰富的研究成果。然而，对其健康监测、损伤评估的研究相对较少。Steel plate sandwich concrete composite panel is a new type of structure with high bearing capacity and good ductility, which has been widely used in various military and civilian buildings. At present, the mechanical properties of steel plate sandwich concrete composite panels have been studied by many scholars, and rich research results have been achieved. However, there are relatively few studies on its health monitoring and damage assessment.
目前对钢板夹心混凝土复合板的损伤检测主要集中在对混凝土板和钢板之间的脱空检测，通过在其表面粘贴传感器(如压电陶瓷片)来收发信号，根据信号的变化进而判断是否脱空。但是这种方法难以判断混凝土板或者钢板自身内部的缺陷，这些缺陷同样会对结构产生安全隐患。At present, the damage detection of steel sandwich concrete composite panels mainly focuses on the detection of the gap between the concrete plate and the steel plate. Sensors (such as piezoelectric ceramics) are attached to the surface to send and receive signals, and the change of the signal is used to determine whether there is a gap. However, this method is difficult to detect the defects inside the concrete plate or the steel plate itself, and these defects will also pose a safety hazard to the structure.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为了实时了解正在服役的钢板夹心混凝土复合板内部的健康状况，需要开发一种能长期稳定工作且可多层面探测的传感器及公开应用方法。In order to understand the internal health status of steel-plate sandwich concrete composite panels in service in real time, it is necessary to develop a sensor that can work stably for a long time and can detect at multiple levels and a public application method.
技术方案Technical Solution
一种棒状压电传感器，其特征是，包括：压电陶瓷管、超高性能混凝土、三孔插座、导线。A rod-shaped piezoelectric sensor is characterized in that it comprises: a piezoelectric ceramic tube, ultra-high performance concrete, a three-hole socket, and a wire.
进一步的，所述压电陶瓷管是一种能激发和接收探测信号的传感单元；Furthermore, the piezoelectric ceramic tube is a sensing unit capable of exciting and receiving detection signals;
进一步的，所述压电陶瓷管外径、内径及高度分别为10、8和20mm。Furthermore, the outer diameter, inner diameter and height of the piezoelectric ceramic tube are 10, 8 and 20 mm respectively.
进一步的，所述压电陶瓷管表面涂刷一层环氧树脂胶。Furthermore, a layer of epoxy resin glue is coated on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic tube.
进一步的，所述压电陶瓷管阵列采用超高性能混凝土封装，封装后整个装置外观呈棒状。Furthermore, the piezoelectric ceramic tube array is encapsulated by ultra-high performance concrete, and after encapsulation, the entire device has a rod-like appearance.
在超高性能混凝土端部安装一个三孔插座，将压电陶瓷管的通信导线焊接在该插座上，由此只需一个与该插座匹配的插头插入其中便可控制超高性能混凝土内部的压电陶瓷管工作。A three-hole socket is installed at the end of the ultra-high performance concrete, and the communication wire of the piezoelectric ceramic tube is welded to the socket. Therefore, only a plug matching the socket needs to be inserted into it to control the operation of the piezoelectric ceramic tube inside the ultra-high performance concrete.
进一步应用：钢板夹心混凝土复合板共包含三个结构层面，即混凝土-钢-混凝土三层板，因此一根棒状压电传感器包含三个自上而下呈线性列阵的压电陶瓷管，使得当该传感器插入钢板夹心混凝土复合板中后每个压电陶瓷管都能处于一个结构层面中，各自探测所在结构层面的损伤信息。Further application: The steel plate sandwich concrete composite plate contains three structural layers, namely concrete-steel-concrete three-layer plate. Therefore, a rod-shaped piezoelectric sensor contains three piezoelectric ceramic tubes arranged linearly from top to bottom, so that when the sensor is inserted into the steel plate sandwich concrete composite plate, each piezoelectric ceramic tube can be in a structural layer and detect the damage information of the structural layer.
一种钢板夹心混凝土复合板健康监测方法，其特征是：A method for health monitoring of a steel sandwich concrete composite panel, characterized by:
首先，为了将传感器插入到复合板中，需要先在板的合适位置钻取贯穿插槽，该插槽的几何尺寸与棒状压电传感器完全一致。First, in order to insert the sensor into the composite board, a through slot needs to be drilled at a suitable position of the board. The geometric dimensions of the slot are exactly the same as those of the rod-shaped piezoelectric sensor.
接着，将棒状压电传感器插入到该插槽中。Next, the rod-shaped piezoelectric sensor is inserted into the slot.
然后，将插头插到传感器的三孔插座上，插头的另一端接在已有的监测设备上，监测设备受便携式电脑控制。Then, the plug is inserted into the three-hole socket of the sensor, and the other end of the plug is connected to the existing monitoring device, which is controlled by a portable computer.
进一步的，为了监测复合板中可能存在的裂缝，需要利用这些压电陶瓷管激发和接收探测信号。将电脑中预先准备的探测信号通过监测设备施加到其中一个棒状压电传感器上，该传感器中三个压电陶瓷管同时振动，并各自产生应力波向外扩散。当某位置处存在裂缝时，应力波会发生反射、散射现象，随后继续在板中传播并到达其他的传感器位置。此时，这些传感器内的压电陶瓷管会接收到应力波，进而转换成电信号输出到监测系统中。Furthermore, in order to monitor possible cracks in the composite plate, it is necessary to use these piezoelectric ceramic tubes to excite and receive detection signals. The detection signal prepared in advance in the computer is applied to one of the rod-shaped piezoelectric sensors through the monitoring equipment. The three piezoelectric ceramic tubes in the sensor vibrate at the same time, and each generates a stress wave that spreads outward. When there is a crack at a certain position, the stress wave will be reflected and scattered, and then continue to propagate in the plate and reach other sensor positions. At this time, the piezoelectric ceramic tubes in these sensors will receive the stress wave, and then convert it into an electrical signal and output it to the monitoring system.
进一步的，通过对处于不同结构层面的压电陶瓷管接收到的信号进行滤波处理，提取由裂缝反射、散射引起的信号成分，构建相应的损伤识别算法，从而可以确定复合板中是否存在裂缝、以及裂缝处于混凝土板还是钢板。Furthermore, by filtering the signals received by the piezoelectric ceramic tubes at different structural levels, the signal components caused by crack reflection and scattering are extracted, and a corresponding damage identification algorithm is constructed, so as to determine whether there are cracks in the composite plate and whether the cracks are in the concrete plate or the steel plate.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1：监测钢板夹心混凝土复合板健康状况的棒状压电传感器Figure 1: Rod-shaped piezoelectric sensor for monitoring the health of steel-concrete sandwich composite panels
图2：棒状压电传感器安装、监测方法示意图Figure 2: Schematic diagram of the installation and monitoring method of the rod-shaped piezoelectric sensor
图3：棒状压电传感器工作侧面示意图Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the working side of the rod-shaped piezoelectric sensor
1—压电陶瓷管，2—超高性能混凝土，3—三孔插座，4—导线，5—两侧混凝土板，6—中间夹心钢板，7—棒状压电传感器，8—插槽，9—连接监测设备的插头，10—裂缝，11—应力波，12—监测设备，13—便携式电脑1—piezoelectric ceramic tube, 2—ultra-high performance concrete, 3—three-hole socket, 4—wire, 5—concrete plates on both sides, 6—sandwich steel plate in the middle, 7—rod-shaped piezoelectric sensor, 8—slot, 9—plug for connecting monitoring equipment, 10—crack, 11—stress wave, 12—monitoring equipment, 13—portable computer
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
实施例Example
为了检测钢筋混凝土结构内部存在的缺陷，本发明研发一种便携式钢筋混凝土结构无损检测设备及公开应用方法。In order to detect defects inside a reinforced concrete structure, the present invention develops a portable reinforced concrete structure nondestructive testing device and a public application method.
本申请旨在发明一种监测钢板夹心混凝土复合板健康状况的棒状压电传感器，该传感器受超高性能混凝土保护，可长期植入到复合结构内部，具有实时监测的工作能力；同时在不同复合结构层面都布设有传感单元，能够独立地监测每一层板的健康状况。所发明的传感器具体构造见图1，包括：压电陶瓷管(1)、超高性能混凝土(2)、三孔插座(3)、导线(4)。压电陶瓷管是一种能激发和接收探测信号的传感单元，其外径、内径及高度分别为10、8和20mm。为了防止压电陶瓷管在使用过程中出现漏电、短路等情况，需要将其表面涂刷一层环氧树脂胶。考虑到所涉及的钢板夹心混凝土复合板共包含三个结构层面，及混凝土-钢-混凝土三层板，因此一根棒状压电传感器包含三个自上而下呈线性列阵的压电陶瓷管，使得当该传感器插入复合板中后每个压电陶瓷管都能处于一个结构层面中，各自探测所在结构层面的损伤信息。压电陶瓷管阵列采用超高性能混凝土封装，封装后整个装置外观呈棒状。超高性能混凝土的作用包括：The present application aims to invent a rod-shaped piezoelectric sensor for monitoring the health of a steel plate sandwich concrete composite board. The sensor is protected by ultra-high performance concrete and can be implanted in the composite structure for a long time, and has the ability to monitor in real time. At the same time, sensing units are arranged at different composite structure levels, and the health of each layer of the board can be independently monitored. The specific structure of the invented sensor is shown in Figure 1, including: a piezoelectric ceramic tube (1), ultra-high performance concrete (2), a three-hole socket (3), and a wire (4). The piezoelectric ceramic tube is a sensing unit that can excite and receive detection signals, and its outer diameter, inner diameter and height are 10, 8 and 20 mm respectively. In order to prevent leakage, short circuit and the like of the piezoelectric ceramic tube during use, a layer of epoxy resin glue needs to be applied to its surface. Considering that the steel plate sandwich concrete composite board involved includes three structural levels and a concrete-steel-concrete three-layer board, a rod-shaped piezoelectric sensor includes three piezoelectric ceramic tubes arranged linearly from top to bottom, so that when the sensor is inserted into the composite board, each piezoelectric ceramic tube can be in a structural level and each detects damage information of the structural level. The piezoelectric ceramic tube array is encapsulated in ultra-high performance concrete, and the entire device is rod-shaped after encapsulation. The functions of ultra-high performance concrete include:
1)保护压电陶瓷管在受载情况下不会破裂，1) Protect the piezoelectric ceramic tube from breaking under load,
2)为探测信号从压电陶瓷管传递到监测结构上提供传输媒介。此外，在超高性能混凝土端部安装一个三孔插座，将压电陶瓷管的通信导线焊接在该插座上，由此只需一个与该插座匹配的插头插入其中便可控制超高性能混凝土内部的压电陶瓷管工作。2) Provide a transmission medium for the detection signal to be transmitted from the piezoelectric ceramic tube to the monitoring structure. In addition, a three-hole socket is installed at the end of the ultra-high performance concrete, and the communication wire of the piezoelectric ceramic tube is welded to the socket, so that only a plug matching the socket is inserted into it to control the operation of the piezoelectric ceramic tube inside the ultra-high performance concrete.
实施应用方法Implementation of application methods
图2为利用所设计的棒状压电传感器监测钢板夹心混凝土复合板健康状况的示意图。首先，为了将传感器插入到复合板中，需要先在板的合适位置钻取贯穿插槽(8)，该插槽的几何尺寸与棒状压电传感器完全一致。接着，将棒状压电传感器插入到该插槽中。图中在复合板的四个角落各自插入了一根，操作人员可根据实际需求安装不同数量及不同位置的传感器。然后，将插头(9)插到传感器的三孔插座上，插头的另一端接在已有的监测设备(12)上，监测设备受便携式电脑(13)控制。FIG2 is a schematic diagram of using the designed rod-shaped piezoelectric sensor to monitor the health status of a steel plate sandwich concrete composite board. First, in order to insert the sensor into the composite board, it is necessary to drill a through slot (8) at a suitable position of the board, and the geometric dimensions of the slot are exactly the same as those of the rod-shaped piezoelectric sensor. Next, the rod-shaped piezoelectric sensor is inserted into the slot. In the figure, one is inserted into each of the four corners of the composite board, and the operator can install sensors of different numbers and positions according to actual needs. Then, the plug (9) is inserted into the three-hole socket of the sensor, and the other end of the plug is connected to the existing monitoring device (12), and the monitoring device is controlled by a portable computer (13).
图3为棒状压电传感器工作侧面示意图，可以看到，棒状压电传感器中每个压电陶瓷管都独自处于一个结构层，他们可以探测各自所在混凝土/钢板中的缺陷。为了监测复合板中可能存在的裂缝(10)，需要利用这些压电陶瓷管激发和接收探测信号。将电脑中预先准备的探测信号通过监测设备施加到其中一个棒状压电传感器上，该传感器中三个压电陶瓷管同时振动，并各自产生应力波(11)向外扩散。当某位置处存在裂缝时，应力波会发生反射、散射等现象，随后继续在板中传播并到达其他的传感器位置。此时，这些传感器内的压电陶瓷管会接收到应力波，进而转换成电信号输出到监测系统中。FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the working side of the rod-shaped piezoelectric sensor. It can be seen that each piezoelectric ceramic tube in the rod-shaped piezoelectric sensor is located in a structural layer alone, and they can detect defects in the concrete/steel plate where they are located. In order to monitor the cracks (10) that may exist in the composite plate, it is necessary to use these piezoelectric ceramic tubes to excite and receive detection signals. The detection signal prepared in advance in the computer is applied to one of the rod-shaped piezoelectric sensors through the monitoring equipment. The three piezoelectric ceramic tubes in the sensor vibrate at the same time, and each generates a stress wave (11) that spreads outward. When there is a crack at a certain position, the stress wave will be reflected, scattered, etc., and then continue to propagate in the plate and reach other sensor positions. At this time, the piezoelectric ceramic tubes in these sensors will receive the stress wave, and then convert it into an electrical signal and output it to the monitoring system.
通过对处于不同结构层面的压电陶瓷管接收到的信号进行滤波处理，提取由裂缝反射、散射引起的信号成分，构建相应的损伤识别算法，从而可以确定复合板中是否存在裂缝、以及裂缝处于混凝土板还是钢板。By filtering the signals received by piezoelectric ceramic tubes at different structural levels, the signal components caused by crack reflection and scattering are extracted, and the corresponding damage identification algorithm is constructed, so as to determine whether there are cracks in the composite plate and whether the cracks are in the concrete plate or the steel plate.
本发明关键创新点Key innovations of the present invention
本发明提出一种能监测钢板夹心混凝土复合板的棒状压电传感器，它的创新点在于，该传感器能被插入到复合板中，利用内部多层压电传感阵列的优势，可以独立探测不同结构层面的损伤，解决了传统方法难以适用于复合板内部探伤的缺点。它有以下几个关键点：The present invention proposes a rod-shaped piezoelectric sensor that can monitor steel plate sandwich concrete composite panels. Its innovation lies in that the sensor can be inserted into the composite panel and utilizes the advantages of the internal multi-layer piezoelectric sensor array to independently detect damage at different structural levels, thus solving the shortcoming that traditional methods are difficult to apply to internal flaw detection of composite panels. It has the following key points:
1)压电陶瓷管需要做绝缘防水处理。压电陶瓷管在使用过程中会携带电荷，在恶劣环境中可能会出现漏电、短路等情况，进而导致传感器性能退化、不能正常工作。因此需要在管的表面涂刷一层环氧树脂胶进行密封。1) The piezoelectric ceramic tube needs to be insulated and waterproofed. The piezoelectric ceramic tube will carry electric charge during use, and may leak or short-circuit in harsh environments, which will lead to sensor performance degradation and malfunction. Therefore, a layer of epoxy resin glue needs to be applied on the surface of the tube for sealing.
2)超高性能混凝土作为压电陶瓷管的封装材料，因为超高性能混凝土具有强度高、密实性好的优点，可以紧密地保护易脆的压电陶瓷管。2) Ultra-high performance concrete is used as the packaging material for piezoelectric ceramic tubes because it has the advantages of high strength and good density, and can tightly protect the brittle piezoelectric ceramic tubes.
3)所设计的传感器中压电陶瓷管的具体位置应与实际复合板中每个结构层相对应，即当该棒状传感器插入到板中时，其内部的三个压电陶瓷管应各自处于一个结构层(上端混凝土板、中间钢板和下端混凝土板)，从而实现对各个结构层内部损伤的探测。3) The specific position of the piezoelectric ceramic tube in the designed sensor should correspond to each structural layer in the actual composite plate. That is, when the rod-shaped sensor is inserted into the plate, the three piezoelectric ceramic tubes inside it should each be in a structural layer (upper concrete plate, middle steel plate and lower concrete plate), thereby realizing the detection of internal damage of each structural layer.
4)插拔式设计便于传感器的长期使用。只需将连接监测设备的插头插入传感器的三孔插座上，便可直接用电脑控制传感器内部的压电陶瓷管工作；当传感器性能退化或是现有技术得到优化，可将传感器直接拔出更新。4) The plug-in design facilitates long-term use of the sensor. Simply insert the plug of the monitoring device into the three-hole socket of the sensor, and the piezoelectric ceramic tube inside the sensor can be directly controlled by the computer; when the sensor performance degrades or the existing technology is optimized, the sensor can be directly unplugged and updated.
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| CN113552220A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-10-26 | 同济大学 | A health monitoring system for reinforced concrete structures |
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