CN115747404A - Cold material adding method in converter process - Google Patents
Cold material adding method in converter process Download PDFInfo
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- CN115747404A CN115747404A CN202211386637.XA CN202211386637A CN115747404A CN 115747404 A CN115747404 A CN 115747404A CN 202211386637 A CN202211386637 A CN 202211386637A CN 115747404 A CN115747404 A CN 115747404A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种转炉过程冷料加入方法，属于金属材料冶炼技术领域。本发明的技术方案是：在转炉吹炼过程中脱碳升温阶段，依据实际供氧量通过计算，得到熔池当前的升温速度；通过冷料降温机理计算单位重量冷料的冷却效应；依据单位重量冷料的冷却效应及工艺要求的熔池温度变化情况，计算得出冷料的加入速度；通过连续投冷料装置匀速投料。本发明的有益效果是：实现吹炼过程冷料加入速度随工艺动态调整，能有效的解决钢铁企业中现存转炉吹炼过程尤其是吹炼中后期由于加入冷料造成的喷溅等技术瓶颈问题。The invention relates to a method for adding cold material to a converter process, belonging to the technical field of metal material smelting. The technical scheme of the present invention is: in the decarburization and heating-up stage in the converter blowing process, the current heating rate of the molten pool is obtained through calculation based on the actual oxygen supply; the cooling effect of the cold material per unit weight is calculated through the cooling mechanism of the cold material; The cooling effect of the cold material by weight and the temperature change of the molten pool required by the process can be used to calculate the adding speed of the cold material; the material is fed at a constant speed by a continuous cold material feeding device. The beneficial effect of the present invention is: realize the dynamic adjustment of the adding speed of the cold material in the blowing process according to the process, and can effectively solve the technical bottleneck problems such as splashing caused by adding the cold material in the existing converter blowing process in the iron and steel enterprises, especially in the middle and late stages of blowing .
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种转炉过程冷料加入方法，属于金属材料冶炼技术领域。The invention relates to a method for adding cold material to a converter process, belonging to the technical field of metal material smelting.
背景技术Background technique
转炉炼钢过程中，熔池温度对吹炼稳定性至关重要。熔池温度升高到1400℃以上时熔池反应剧烈，由于加入冷料引起的熔池温度变化会造成喷溅，对转炉生产造成较大影响。In the converter steelmaking process, the temperature of the molten pool is critical to the stability of the blowing process. When the temperature of the molten pool rises above 1400°C, the molten pool reacts violently, and the temperature change of the molten pool caused by the addition of cold material will cause splashing, which will have a great impact on the production of the converter.
为了改善这个问题通常采用分批加料、低温区提前加料等方法。由于供氧强度的变化、加料总量的变化等因素，效果不理想。In order to improve this problem, methods such as batch feeding and low temperature zone feeding in advance are usually used. Due to factors such as changes in oxygen supply intensity and changes in the total amount of feed, the effect is not ideal.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的是提供一种转炉过程冷料加入方法，通过连续投料装置加入冷料，通过热力学计算，依据供氧强度、熔池温度变化趋势需求等工艺要求，确定动态的冷料加入方式，实现冷料加入过程合理的熔池温度控制，在不同的供氧强度条件下保证熔池温度变化符合工艺设计要求，实现吹炼过程冷料加入速度随工艺动态调整，有效地解决了背景技术中存在的上述问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for adding cold material to the converter process. The cold material is added through a continuous feeding device, and the dynamic cold material adding method is determined according to the technological requirements such as oxygen supply intensity and molten pool temperature change trend requirements through thermodynamic calculations, so as to realize Reasonable molten pool temperature control in the cold material addition process ensures that the temperature change of the molten pool meets the process design requirements under different oxygen supply intensity conditions, and realizes the dynamic adjustment of the cold material addition speed with the process during the blowing process, effectively solving the problems existing in the background technology. of the above problems.
本发明的技术方案是：一种转炉过程冷料加入方法，包含以下步骤：在转炉吹炼过程中脱碳升温阶段，依据实际供氧量通过计算，得到熔池当前的升温速度；通过冷料降温机理计算单位重量冷料的冷却效应；依据单位重量冷料的冷却效应及工艺要求的熔池温度变化情况，计算得出冷料的加入速度；通过连续投冷料装置匀速投料，可实现在吹氧过程中熔池温度保持不变、按一定速度降低和按一定速度升高。The technical solution of the present invention is: a method for adding cold material to the converter process, comprising the following steps: in the decarburization and temperature-raising stage in the converter blowing process, the current heating rate of the molten pool is obtained through calculation according to the actual oxygen supply; through the cold material The cooling mechanism calculates the cooling effect of the cold material per unit weight; according to the cooling effect of the cold material per unit weight and the temperature change of the molten pool required by the process, the adding speed of the cold material is calculated; through the uniform feeding of the continuous cooling material device, it can be realized in the During the oxygen blowing process, the temperature of the molten pool remains constant, decreases and increases at a certain speed.
熔池温度＞1400℃，熔池碳含量＞0.8%。The temperature of the molten pool is >1400°C, and the carbon content of the molten pool is >0.8%.
所述熔池当前的升温速度计算方法为The calculation method of the current heating rate of the molten pool is
（1）式反应热效应ΔH=a kJ/kg(1) Reaction thermal effect ΔH=a kJ/kg
（2）式反应热效应ΔH=b kJ/kg(2) Reaction heat effect ΔH=b kJ/kg
钢水热熔=c kJ/kg·KHot melting of molten steel=c kJ/kg·K
氧气脱碳钢水每分钟升温：Oxygen decarburized molten steel heats up per minute:
△T1=（A×B/（16/12）×（1-C）×a+ A×B/（32/12）×C×b）/c×D/1000△T1=(A×B/(16/12)×(1-C)×a+ A×B/(32/12)×C×b)/c×D/1000
A:吹氧强度（m3/min.t）A: Oxygen blowing intensity (m3/min.t)
B:氧气密度1.43（kg/m3）B: Oxygen density 1.43 (kg/m3)
C:二次燃烧比例%C: secondary combustion ratio%
D:用于熔池升温的热量比例%D: The proportion of heat used to raise the temperature of the molten pool %
a：碳氧化为CO的热效应kJ/kga: Thermal effect of carbon oxidation to CO kJ/kg
b：碳氧化为CO2的热效应kJ/kgb: Thermal effect of carbon oxidation to CO 2 kJ/kg
c：钢水热熔kJ/kg。c: molten steel melting kJ/kg.
所述冷料降温机理为△T2=T1-T2The cooling mechanism of the cold material is △T2=T1-T2
T1:冷料还原及熔解降温T1: Cold material reduction and melting cooling
T2：冷料中的氧和碳反应升温。T2: Oxygen and carbon in the cold material react to heat up.
所述单位重量冷料的冷却效应△T=△T1-△T3The cooling effect △T=△T1-△T3 of the cold material per unit weight
△T3为工艺要求的熔池温度变化情况。ΔT3 is the temperature change of molten pool required by the process.
冷料的加入速度：Adding speed of cold material:
V=△T/△T2×10（kg/t）V=△T/△T2×10 (kg/t)
V:冷料的加入速度（kg/t）。V: Adding speed of cold material (kg/t).
本发明的有益效果是：通过连续投料装置加入冷料，通过热力学计算，依据供氧强度、熔池温度变化趋势需求等工艺要求，确定动态的冷料加入方式，实现冷料加入过程合理的熔池温度控制，在不同的供氧强度条件下保证熔池温度变化符合工艺设计要求，实现吹炼过程冷料加入速度随工艺动态调整，能有效的解决钢铁企业中现存转炉吹炼过程尤其是吹炼中后期由于加入冷料造成的喷溅等技术瓶颈问题。The beneficial effect of the present invention is: add the cold material through the continuous feeding device, and determine the dynamic cold material adding method according to the technical requirements such as oxygen supply intensity and molten pool temperature change trend demand through thermodynamic calculation, so as to realize the reasonable melting process of the cold material adding process. The temperature control of the pool ensures that the temperature change of the molten pool meets the process design requirements under different oxygen supply conditions, and realizes the dynamic adjustment of the adding speed of the cold material in the blowing process according to the process, which can effectively solve the existing converter blowing process in iron and steel enterprises Technical bottlenecks such as splashing caused by adding cold material in the middle and late stages of refining.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使发明实施案例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合实施案例，对本发明实施案例中的技术方案进行清晰的、完整的描述，显然，所表述的实施案例是本发明一小部分实施案例，而不是全部的实施案例，基于本发明中的实施案例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施案例，都属于本发明保护范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the invention implementation cases clearer, the technical solutions in the implementation cases of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the implementation cases. Obviously, the implementation cases described are a small part of the present invention The implementation cases, not all the implementation cases, based on the implementation cases in the present invention, all other implementation cases obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work, all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
一种转炉过程冷料加入方法，包含以下步骤：在转炉吹炼过程中脱碳升温阶段，依据实际供氧量通过计算，得到熔池当前的升温速度；通过冷料降温机理计算单位重量冷料的冷却效应；依据单位重量冷料的冷却效应及工艺要求的熔池温度变化情况，计算得出冷料的加入速度；通过连续投冷料装置匀速投料，可实现在吹氧过程中熔池温度保持不变、按一定速度降低和按一定速度升高。A method for adding cold material to a converter process, comprising the following steps: in the decarburization and temperature-raising stage of the converter blowing process, the current heating rate of the molten pool is obtained through calculation based on the actual oxygen supply amount; the cold material per unit weight is calculated through the cold material cooling mechanism The cooling effect of the cooling material; according to the cooling effect of the unit weight of the cold material and the temperature change of the molten pool required by the process, the adding speed of the cold material is calculated; through the continuous feeding of the cold material device and feeding at a uniform speed, the temperature of the molten pool during the oxygen blowing process can be realized. Stay the same, Decrease at a rate, and Raise at a rate.
熔池温度＞1400℃，熔池碳含量＞0.8%。The temperature of the molten pool is >1400°C, and the carbon content of the molten pool is >0.8%.
所述熔池当前的升温速度计算方法为The calculation method of the current heating rate of the molten pool is
（1）式反应热效应ΔH=a kJ/kg(1) Reaction thermal effect ΔH=a kJ/kg
（2）式反应热效应ΔH=b kJ/kg(2) Reaction heat effect ΔH=b kJ/kg
钢水热熔=c kJ/kg·KHot melting of molten steel=c kJ/kg·K
氧气脱碳钢水每分钟升温：Oxygen decarburized molten steel heats up per minute:
△T1=（A×B/（16/12）×（1-C）×a+ A×B/（32/12）×C×b）/c×D/1000△T1=(A×B/(16/12)×(1-C)×a+ A×B/(32/12)×C×b)/c×D/1000
A:吹氧强度（m3/min.t）A: Oxygen blowing intensity (m3/min.t)
B:氧气密度1.43（kg/m3）B: Oxygen density 1.43 (kg/m3)
C:二次燃烧比例%C: secondary combustion ratio%
D:用于熔池升温的热量比例%D: The proportion of heat used to raise the temperature of the molten pool %
a：碳氧化为CO的热效应kJ/kga: Thermal effect of carbon oxidation to CO kJ/kg
b：碳氧化为CO2的热效应kJ/kgb: Thermal effect of carbon oxidation to CO 2 kJ/kg
c：钢水热熔kJ/kg。c: molten steel melting kJ/kg.
所述冷料降温机理为△T2=T1-T2The cooling mechanism of the cold material is △T2=T1-T2
T1:冷料还原及熔解降温T1: Cold material reduction and melting cooling
T2：冷料中的氧和碳反应升温。T2: Oxygen and carbon in the cold material react to heat up.
所述单位重量冷料的冷却效应△T=△T1-△T3The cooling effect △T=△T1-△T3 of the cold material per unit weight
△T3为工艺要求的熔池温度变化情况。ΔT3 is the temperature change of molten pool required by the process.
冷料的加入速度：Adding speed of cold material:
V=△T/△T2×10（kg/t）V=△T/△T2×10 (kg/t)
V:冷料的加入速度（kg/t）。V: Adding speed of cold material (kg/t).
依据吹炼区间等工艺要求确认熔池温度变化要求，较为常见的需求为恒温、匀速降低、匀速升高。依据吹氧强度计算得出单位时间熔池升温。依据矿石成分计算出单位重量矿石冷却降温值。按以上计算结果得到单位时间的冷料加入量即冷料加入速度。According to the process requirements such as the blowing interval, the temperature change requirements of the molten pool are confirmed. The more common requirements are constant temperature, uniform speed decrease, and uniform speed increase. According to the intensity of oxygen blowing, the temperature rise of the molten pool per unit time can be obtained. Calculate the unit weight ore cooling and cooling value according to the ore composition. According to the above calculation results, the amount of cold material added per unit time is obtained, that is, the speed of cold material addition.
具体步骤为：The specific steps are:
步骤1：step 1:
依据吹炼区间等工艺要求，确认熔池温度变化要求，TC（℃/min）According to the process requirements such as the blowing interval, confirm the temperature change requirements of the molten pool, TC (°C/min)
步骤2：Step 2:
依据吹氧强度计算得出单位时间熔池升温。According to the intensity of oxygen blowing, the temperature rise of the molten pool per unit time can be obtained.
脱碳反应公式：Decarburization reaction formula:
[C]+1/2{ O2}={CO}↑（1）[C]+1/2{ O 2 }={CO}↑(1)
[C] + { O2} = {CO2}↑（2）[C] + { O 2 } = { CO 2 } ↑ (2)
（1）式反应热效应ΔH=a kJ/kg(1) Reaction thermal effect ΔH=a kJ/kg
（2）式反应热效应ΔH=b kJ/kg(2) Reaction heat effect ΔH=b kJ/kg
钢水热熔=c kJ/kg·KHot melting of molten steel=c kJ/kg·K
氧气脱碳钢水每分钟升温：Oxygen decarburized molten steel heats up per minute:
△T1=（A×B/（16/12）×（1-C）×a+ A×B/（32/12）×C×b）/c×D/1000△T1=(A×B/(16/12)×(1-C)×a+ A×B/(32/12)×C×b)/c×D/1000
A:吹氧强度（m3/min.t）A: Oxygen blowing intensity (m3/min.t)
B:氧气密度1.43（kg/m3）B: Oxygen density 1.43 (kg/m3)
C:二次燃烧比例%C: secondary combustion ratio%
D:用于熔池升温的热量比例%D: The proportion of heat used to raise the temperature of the molten pool %
步骤3：Step 3:
依据10kg/t冷料成分计算出10kg/t冷料冷却降温值。Calculate the cooling and cooling value of 10kg/t cold material based on the composition of 10kg/t cold material.
冷料还原反应公式：Cold material reduction reaction formula:
2[Fe]+3/2{ O2}=(Fe2O3) (3)2[Fe]+3/2{ O 2 }=(Fe 2 O 3 ) (3)
（3）式反应热效应ΔH=d kJ/kg(3) Reaction thermal effect ΔH=d kJ/kg
冷料熔化潜热=e kJ/kgLatent heat of melting of cold material = e kJ/kg
冷料冷却降温：Cooling of cold material:
T1=（209+6460×f）/c×10/1000T1=(209+6460×f)/c×10/1000
矿石氧升温：Oxygen heating up:
T2=（10×f×（112/48）/（16/12）×（1-C）×a+ A×B/（32/12）×C×b）/c×D/1000000T2=(10×f×(112/48)/(16/12)×(1-C)×a+ A×B/(32/12)×C×b)/c×D/1000000
f:矿石含铁量%f: iron content of ore %
10kg/t冷料每分钟降温。10kg/t cold material is cooled every minute.
△T2= T1- T2△T2= T1- T2
步骤4：Step 4:
计算矿石加料速度。Calculate the ore feeding rate.
矿石每分钟影响熔池温度变化The ore affects the temperature change of the molten pool every minute
△T=△T1-△T3△T=△T1-△T3
△T3为设定的熔池温度变化要求。△T3 is the set molten pool temperature change requirement.
矿石加入速度：Ore adding speed:
V=△T/△T2×10（kg/t）V=△T/△T2×10 (kg/t)
V:矿石加入速度（kg/t）V: ore adding speed (kg/t)
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步地说明：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment:
实施例1：Example 1:
100吨转炉，吹氧百分比40%，吹氧强度3.6 m3/min.t，工艺要求加冷料过程中温度恒定。冷料含铁量65%。For a 100-ton converter, the percentage of oxygen blowing is 40%, and the intensity of oxygen blowing is 3.6 m3/min.t. The process requires a constant temperature during the process of adding cold material. The iron content of the cold material is 65%.
吹氧脱碳升温39.3℃/min;10kg冷料降温28.7℃。Oxygen blowing decarburization raises temperature by 39.3°C/min; 10kg cold material cools down by 28.7°C.
熔池所需降温速度39.3-0=39.9℃/min。The cooling rate required for the molten pool is 39.3-0=39.9°C/min.
矿石加入速度V=39.3/28.7×10=13.68 kg/t.min即1368 kg/min。The ore adding speed V=39.3/28.7×10=13.68 kg/t.min is 1368 kg/min.
实施例2：Example 2:
100吨转炉，吹氧百分比40%，吹氧强度3.0 m3/min.t，工艺要求加冷料过程中温度恒定。冷料含铁量65%。For a 100-ton converter, the percentage of oxygen blowing is 40%, and the intensity of oxygen blowing is 3.0 m3/min.t. The process requires a constant temperature during the process of adding cold material. The iron content of the cold material is 65%.
吹氧脱碳升温32.7℃/min;10kg冷料降温28.7℃。Oxygen blowing decarburization raises temperature by 32.7°C/min; 10kg cold material cools down by 28.7°C.
熔池所需降温速度32.7-0=32.7℃/min。The cooling rate required for the molten pool is 32.7-0=32.7°C/min.
矿石加入速度V=32.7/28.7×10=11.04 kg/t.min即1104 kg/min。The ore adding speed V=32.7/28.7×10=11.04 kg/t.min is 1104 kg/min.
实施例3：Example 3:
100吨转炉，吹氧百分比60%，吹氧强度3.6 m3/min.t，工艺要求加冷料过程中温度匀速降温5℃/min。冷料含铁量62%。For a 100-ton converter, the percentage of oxygen blowing is 60%, and the intensity of oxygen blowing is 3.6 m3/min.t. The process requires that the temperature drop at a uniform rate of 5°C/min during the process of adding cold material. The iron content of the cold material is 62%.
吹氧脱碳升温39.3℃/min;10kg冷料降温27.4℃。Oxygen blowing decarburization raises temperature by 39.3°C/min; 10kg cold material cools down by 27.4°C.
熔池所需降温速度39.3-(-5)=44.3℃/min。The cooling rate required for the molten pool is 39.3-(-5)=44.3°C/min.
矿石加入速度V=44.3/27.4×10=16.18kg/t.min即1618kg/min。The ore adding speed V=44.3/27.4×10=16.18kg/t.min is 1618kg/min.
实施例4：Example 4:
100吨转炉，吹氧百分比80%，吹氧强度3.6 m3/min.t，工艺要求加冷料过程中温度匀速升温20℃/min。冷料含铁量68%。For a 100-ton converter, the oxygen blowing percentage is 80%, and the oxygen blowing intensity is 3.6 m3/min.t. The process requires that the temperature rise at a uniform rate of 20°C/min during the process of adding cold material. The iron content of the cold material is 68%.
吹氧脱碳升温39.3℃/min;10kg冷料降温30.0℃。Oxygen blowing decarburization raises temperature by 39.3°C/min; 10kg cold material cools down by 30.0°C.
熔池所需降温速度39.3-(20)=19.3℃/min。The cooling rate required for the molten pool is 39.3-(20)=19.3°C/min.
矿石加入速度V=19.3/30.0×10=6.42kg/t.min即642kg/min。The ore adding speed V=19.3/30.0×10=6.42kg/t.min is 642kg/min.
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用发明，对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其他实施例中实现，因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention, and various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein It can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will be consistent with the principles and methods disclosed herein. The widest range of novel features consistent.
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