CN115743583A - Quick fuel supply system and method for helicopter - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于直升机领域，涉及一种直升机快速燃油补给系统及加油方法。The invention belongs to the field of helicopters, and relates to a fast fuel supply system and a refueling method for a helicopter.
背景技术Background technique
直升机在复杂地形、特殊环境下的人员搜救、勤务保障、侦察探测等领域具有不可替代的作用。但受限于飞行原理，相比固定翼机，直升机在作战半径和留空时间方面存在明显差距。通过空中加油的方式可有效弥补直升机在续航能力上的先天不足，并可通过燃油装载量与武器、物资、空勤等装载量的合理配比，提升直升机在常规以及高温、高原等复杂环境下的作战效能和作战灵活性。Helicopters play an irreplaceable role in personnel search and rescue, service support, reconnaissance and detection in complex terrain and special environments. However, limited by the flight principle, compared with fixed-wing aircraft, there is a significant gap between helicopters in terms of combat radius and space time. The method of aerial refueling can effectively make up for the inherent deficiency of helicopter endurance, and can improve the helicopter's combat in complex environments such as conventional and high temperature and plateau through a reasonable ratio of fuel load to weapons, materials, air crew, etc. Effectiveness and operational flexibility.
相较于国外，国内在直升机空中加受油技术领域的研究仍处于起步探索阶段，缺乏适用的加受油装置，相关飞行作业的实践仍为空白。参考国外相关经验，直升机的空中加受油作业通常采用软管对接的方式并且在直升机巡航状态下实施，但国内目前面临加油机选型的难题，目前仍缺乏与直升机飞行包线相匹配的加油机机型。此外，传统的加受油机前后编队-软管对接的方式受限于加/受油飞行环境、气动布局、结构改装和飞行驾驶技术等方面的限制，以及对作业空域的要求，这种方式在相关研制、试飞、训练和使用中面临极大的技术难题和实施风险。Compared with foreign countries, domestic research in the field of helicopter aerial refueling technology is still in the initial stage of exploration, lack of suitable refueling devices, and the practice of related flight operations is still blank. With reference to relevant foreign experience, the aerial refueling operation of helicopters usually adopts the method of hose docking and is carried out in the cruising state of the helicopter. However, the country is currently facing the problem of tanker selection, and there is still a lack of refueling that matches the helicopter flight envelope. machine type. In addition, the traditional front-rear formation-hose docking method of refueling and receiving aircraft is limited by the limitations of the refueling/refueling flight environment, aerodynamic layout, structural modification, and flight driving technology, as well as the requirements for the operating airspace. In the relevant development, test flight, training and use, it faces great technical difficulties and implementation risks.
面对直升机空中加油的迫切使用需求，针对国内在该技术领域的现状和技术短板，需在加油作业模式、配套加受油装置研制等方面进行大胆技术创新，以填补国内在直升机空中加油技术领域工程应用的空白，以支撑直升机作业灵活性和效能的提升。Faced with the urgent need for aerial refueling of helicopters, and in view of the current situation and technical shortcomings in this technical field in China, it is necessary to make bold technological innovations in the refueling operation mode and the development of supporting refueling and receiving devices to fill the gap in domestic helicopter refueling technology. The gaps in engineering applications in the field to support the improvement of the flexibility and efficiency of helicopter operations.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的：提出一种直升机快速燃油补给系统及加油方法，用于对直升机实施不着陆加油。Purpose of the present invention: propose a kind of helicopter rapid fuel supply system and refueling method, be used for carrying out non-landing refueling to helicopter.
本发明的技术方案：Technical scheme of the present invention:
一种直升机快速燃油补给系统，直升机快速燃油补给系统包括地面分系统、快装油箱、直升机机载分系统；A helicopter fast fuel supply system, the helicopter fast fuel supply system includes a ground subsystem, a fast loading fuel tank, and a helicopter onboard subsystem;
地面分系统包含燃油补给/运输车辆、举升随动控制单元、举升/对接机构、托举平台和车内快装油箱固定装置；The ground subsystem includes a fuel supply/transport vehicle, a lift follow-up control unit, a lift/docking mechanism, a lifting platform and a fast-loading fuel tank fixing device in the vehicle;
直升机机载分系统包含燃油转输控制单元、燃油转输管路、快装油箱挂接/投放控制单元和机载部分的挂接/投放接口；The helicopter airborne subsystem includes the fuel transfer control unit, the fuel transfer pipeline, the fast-loading fuel tank attachment/release control unit and the attachment/release interface of the airborne part;
燃油补给/运输车辆上安装举升随动控制单元、举升/对接机构；举升/对接机构的顶部安装托举平台；托举平台上安装快装油箱固定装置；举升随动控制单元用于控制举升/对接机构平移、升降，以实现快装油箱与机上的快装油箱安装面对准，还用于控制托举平台对快装油箱的抓取、释放，还用于控制快装油箱固定装置对快装油箱的固定和解除固定；快装油箱在未被抓取前容纳于燃油补给/运输车辆的油箱存储舱；The lifting follow-up control unit and the lifting/docking mechanism are installed on the fuel supply/transport vehicle; the lifting platform is installed on the top of the lifting/docking mechanism; the fast-loading fuel tank fixing device is installed on the lifting platform; it is used for the lifting follow-up control unit It is used to control the translation and lifting of the lifting/docking mechanism to realize the alignment of the fast-loading fuel tank with the mounting surface of the fast-loading fuel tank on the machine. It is also used to control the grabbing and releasing of the fast-loading fuel tank by the lifting platform. Fixing and unfixing of fast-loading fuel tanks by fuel tank fixtures; fast-loading fuel tanks are stored in fuel tank storage compartments of fuel supply/transport vehicles before they are grasped;
快装油箱安装面设置在直升机的机腹位置；安装面的中间开设有燃油转输管路的接口，四周设置机载部分的挂接/投放接口；燃油转输管路用于连通快装油箱和机载油箱，燃油转输管路内设置有输油泵，燃油转输控制单元用于控制燃油转输管路开启和关闭，还用于控制输油泵开启关闭；The installation surface of the fast-loading fuel tank is set on the belly of the helicopter; the middle of the installation surface is provided with the interface of the fuel transfer pipeline, and the mount/drop interface of the airborne part is set around the surrounding; the fuel transfer pipeline is used to connect the fast-loading fuel tank and the on-board fuel tank, the fuel transfer pipeline is provided with a fuel pump, and the fuel transfer control unit is used to control the opening and closing of the fuel transfer pipeline, and is also used to control the opening and closing of the fuel delivery pump;
挂接/投放接口用于在机内快装油箱挂接/投放控制单元的控制下，挂接/投放快装油箱。The hooking/dropping interface is used to hook/drop the fast loading fuel tank under the control of the fast loading/dropping control unit inside the machine.
快装油箱包括快装油箱本体、快装油箱部分的挂接/投放接口和快装油箱部分的燃油转输接口；The fast-loading fuel tank includes the fast-loading fuel tank body, the hooking/dropping interface of the fast-loading fuel tank part and the fuel transfer interface of the fast-loading fuel tank part;
快装油箱本体用于燃油存储，快装油箱本体的上端面设置有与快装油箱安装面位置对应的快装油箱部分的挂接/投放接口和快装油箱部分的燃油转输接口。The fast-loading fuel tank body is used for fuel storage, and the upper surface of the fast-loading fuel tank body is provided with the mounting/dropping interface of the fast-loading fuel tank part corresponding to the position of the fast-loading fuel tank mounting surface and the fuel transfer interface of the fast-loading fuel tank part.
快装油箱为气动保型的外形设计，且根据受油直升机具体型号，其油箱外形和容量、挂接位置有所不同。The fast loading fuel tank is designed with an aerodynamic shape, and according to the specific model of the helicopter receiving oil, the shape, capacity, and mounting position of the fuel tank are different.
快装油箱和直升机采用贴附挂接方式，使得快装油箱本体的上端面和直升机的安装面贴附在一起；贴附由快装油箱挂接/投放控制单元控制实现。The fast-loading fuel tank and the helicopter adopt the attaching and hooking method, so that the upper end surface of the fast-loading fuel tank body and the installation surface of the helicopter are attached together; the attachment is controlled by the fast-loading fuel tank coupling/dropping control unit.
举升随动控制单元包括光学定位模块、控制模块；The lifting follow-up control unit includes an optical positioning module and a control module;
光学定位模块用于获取直升机与地面车辆的相对位置和姿态；The optical positioning module is used to obtain the relative position and attitude of the helicopter and the ground vehicle;
控制模块用于对快接油箱进行粗定位和精确定位；具体用于先将快接油箱举升到预设位置，实现粗定位，当到达预设位置后，依据直升机与地面车辆的相对位置和姿态实时控制举升/对接机构对托举平台及其上托举的快装油箱进行运动跟随控制，使快装油箱能够快速与直升机实现精确定位对接。The control module is used for rough positioning and precise positioning of the quick-connect fuel tank; specifically, it is used to lift the quick-connect fuel tank to the preset position first to achieve rough positioning. When the preset position is reached, according to the relative position and The attitude real-time control lifting/docking mechanism performs motion follow control on the lifting platform and the fast-loading fuel tank lifted on it, so that the fast-loading fuel tank can quickly realize precise positioning and docking with the helicopter.
快装油箱的功能为燃油存储，在地面运输中实现模块化燃油存储，以及在飞行中提供燃油转输供给。The function of the fast-loading fuel tank is fuel storage, realizes modular fuel storage during ground transportation, and provides fuel transfer supply during flight.
一种直升机快速燃油补给系统的加油方法，其特征在于，包括：A method for refueling a helicopter fast fuel supply system, characterized in that it comprises:
步骤一：快装油箱准备就位后放置并存储于燃油补给/运输车辆的油箱存储舱中，举升/对接机构接收举升随动控制单元的抓取指令和固定指令，通过托举平台实现快装油箱的抓取，通过快装油箱固定装置实现快装油箱的固定；Step 1: After the fast-loading fuel tank is ready, it is placed and stored in the fuel tank storage compartment of the fuel supply/transportation vehicle. The lifting/docking mechanism receives the grabbing and fixing commands from the lifting follow-up control unit, and realizes it through the lifting platform Grab the fast-loading fuel tank, and realize the fixing of the fast-loading fuel tank through the fast-loading fuel tank fixing device;
步骤二：直升机在快速燃油补给系统上方稳定悬停，举升随动控制单元基于光学定位原理，向举升/对接机构发送升、降、平移控制指令，调整快装油箱的上端面与直升机的安装面相对；Step 2: The helicopter hovers stably above the fast fuel supply system, and the lifting follow-up control unit sends control commands for lifting, lowering, and translation to the lifting/docking mechanism based on the principle of optical positioning, and adjusts the upper end surface of the fast loading fuel tank and the height of the helicopter. The installation surface is opposite;
步骤三：直升机接收机组人员的控制指令，自动挂接快装油箱；挂接完成后，举升随动控制单元接受直升机对接成功反馈信息，自动解除快装油箱的固定并将举升/对接机构收回。直升机此时可携带快装油箱转入正常航线飞行；Step 3: The helicopter receives the control command from the crew and automatically mounts the quick-loading fuel tank; after the hooking is completed, the lift follow-up control unit receives the feedback information of the successful docking of the helicopter, automatically releases the fast-loading fuel tank and lifts/docks the mechanism take back. At this time, the helicopter can carry the fast-loading fuel tank and transfer to the normal flight route;
步骤四：直升机在航线飞行过程中，燃油转输控制单元在飞行员控制下，接通燃油转输管路，并开启输油泵，将快装油箱中的燃油自动转输至直升机机载燃油箱，转输完成后，关闭燃油转输管路和输油泵；Step 4: During the flight of the helicopter, the fuel transfer control unit, under the control of the pilot, connects the fuel transfer pipeline and turns on the fuel transfer pump to automatically transfer the fuel in the quick-fill fuel tank to the helicopter’s on-board fuel tank. After the transfer is completed, close the fuel transfer line and the fuel pump;
步骤五：在飞行过程中或地面停车状态下，飞行员控制控制快装油箱挂接/投放控制单元解除直升机和快装油箱之间的挂接，进行快装油箱的自动投弃。Step 5: During the flight or in the parking state on the ground, the pilot controls the fast-loading fuel tank attachment/dropping control unit to release the coupling between the helicopter and the fast-loading fuel tank, and automatically drops the fast-loading fuel tank.
挂接过程控制为自动对接，自动分离，正常状态下无需人工干预。The hooking process is controlled as automatic docking and automatic separation, and no manual intervention is required under normal conditions.
有益效果：Beneficial effect:
该发明的主要优点在于：采用具有短、平、快特征的“快装油箱”补给装置，采用由地面快速对接安装的机腹保型油箱实施补给，其优点包括：1)使用灵活，燃油补给/运输车辆可根据任务需求在直升机航路点灵活建立燃油补给站；2)作业效率高，直升机采用不停车加油方式，任务连续性高。相比于软管对接加油方式，直升机短时间内即可获取定量燃油补给，大幅提高补油效率；3)适配性好，“快装油箱”挂装机构可设计为标准挂接机构，易于在多种机型推广应用；4)安全性高，使用“快装油箱”实施空中加油无需考虑加受油机气动相容性对作业安全的影响，降低了飞行员的驾驶技能要求和工作负荷；5)军事隐蔽性高，直升机燃油补充可在近地面实施，直升机可快速脱离燃油补给区，相比软管对接燃油补给方式无需大面积安全空域保障，大幅降低被探测和攻击的概率；5)对直升机性能影响小；快装油箱采用气动保型设计，并使用贴附对接的方式，对直升机外形气动影响小，能够较好地保持直升机原有性能。The main advantage of this invention is that it adopts the "quick fuel tank" replenishment device with short, flat and fast characteristics, and adopts the belly-shaped fuel tank installed by the ground to implement replenishment. Its advantages include: 1) flexible use, fuel replenishment /Transport vehicles can flexibly establish fuel supply stations at helicopter waypoints according to mission requirements; 2) High operating efficiency, the helicopter adopts non-stop refueling mode, and the mission continuity is high. Compared with the hose docking refueling method, the helicopter can obtain quantitative fuel supply in a short time, which greatly improves the refueling efficiency; 3) Good adaptability, the "quick fuel tank" mounting mechanism can be designed as a standard mounting mechanism, which is easy to Promoted and applied in a variety of aircraft types; 4) High safety, the use of "quick loading fuel tanks" for mid-air refueling does not need to consider the impact of the aerodynamic compatibility of the refueling machine on operational safety, which reduces the pilot's driving skill requirements and workload; 5) The military concealment is high, and the fuel replenishment of the helicopter can be carried out near the ground, and the helicopter can quickly leave the fuel supply area. Compared with the hose docking fuel supply method, there is no need for large-area safe airspace protection, which greatly reduces the probability of being detected and attacked; 5) It has little impact on the performance of the helicopter; the fast-loading fuel tank adopts an aerodynamic shape-preserving design, and uses the method of attachment and docking, which has little impact on the aerodynamics of the helicopter's shape and can better maintain the original performance of the helicopter.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是直升机快速燃油补给系统构成。Figure 1 shows the composition of the helicopter fast fuel supply system.
图2是直升机快速燃油补给系统示意图；1.地面分系统；2.快装油箱；3.直升机机载分系统；4.油箱存储舱；5.机载燃油箱；11.燃油补给/运输车辆；12.举升随动控制单元；121.光学定位模块；13.举升/对接机构；14.托举平台；15.快装油箱固定装置；21.快装油箱本体；22.快装油箱本体上端面；31.燃油转输控制单元；32.燃油转输管路；33.快装油箱安装面；34.快装油箱挂接/投放控制单元。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the fast fuel supply system for helicopters; 1. Ground subsystem; 2. Fast loading fuel tank; 3. Helicopter airborne subsystem; 4. Fuel tank storage compartment; 5. Airborne fuel tank; 11. Fuel supply/transport vehicle ;12. Lifting follow-up control unit; 121. Optical positioning module; 13. Lifting/docking mechanism; 14. Lifting platform; The upper end surface of the main body; 31. The fuel transfer control unit; 32. The fuel transfer pipeline; 33. The mounting surface of the fast-loading fuel tank;
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明提供一种直升机快速燃油补给系统和加油方法，主要包括：The present invention provides a helicopter fast fuel supply system and refueling method, mainly comprising:
1)直升机快速燃油补给系统如图1所示1) The fast fuel supply system of the helicopter is shown in Figure 1
2)基于直升机快速燃油补给系统的加油方法2) Refueling method based on helicopter fast fuel supply system
如图2所示，直升机快速燃油补给系统包括地面分系统1，快装油箱2，直升机机载分系统3。As shown in Figure 2, the helicopter fast fuel supply system includes a
a)地面分系统1包含燃油补给/运输车辆11、举升随动控制单元12、举升/对接机构13、托举平台14和快装油箱固定装置15。a) The
燃油补给/运输车辆11上安装举升随动控制单元12、举升/对接机构13；举升/对接机构13的顶部安装托举平台14；托举平台14上安装快装油箱固定装置15；举升随动控制单元12用于控制举升/对接机构13平移、升降，以实现快装油箱2与机上的快装油箱安装面33对准，还用于控制托举平台14对快装油箱2的抓取、释放，还用于控制快装油箱固定装置15对快装油箱2的固定和解除固定；快装油箱2在未被抓取前容纳于燃油补给/运输车辆11的油箱存储舱4。A lifting follow-up
举升随动控制单元12包括光学定位模块121、控制模块。其中：光学定位模块121用于获取直升机与地面车辆的相对位置和姿态；控制模块用于对快接油箱2进行粗定位和精确定位。先将快接油箱2举升到预设位置，实现粗定位，当到达预设位置后，依据直升机与地面车辆的相对位置和姿态实时控制举升/对接机构13对托举平台14及其上托举的快装油箱2进行运动跟随控制，使快装油箱2能够快速与直升机实现精确定位对接。The lifting follow-up
b)快装油箱2包括快装油箱本体21、快装油箱部分的挂接/投放接口和快装油箱部分的燃油转输接口。b) The fast-loading
快装油箱本体21用于燃油存储，在地面运输中实现模块化燃油存储，以及在飞行中提供燃油转输供给。快装油箱2为气动保型的外形设计，且根据受油直升机具体型号，其油箱外形和容量、挂接有所不同。The fast-loading
快装油箱上端面22设置有与快装油箱安装面位置对应的快装油箱部分的挂接/投放接口和快装油箱部分的燃油转输接口。The
快装油箱2和直升机采用贴附挂接方式，使得快装油箱上端面22和直升机的快装油箱安装面33贴附在一起；贴附由快装油箱挂接/投放控制单元34控制实现。The quick-
c)直升机机载分系统3包含燃油转输控制单元31、燃油转输管路32、快装油箱挂接/投放控制单元34和机载部分的挂接/投放接口；c) The on-
快装油箱安装面33设置在直升机的机腹位置；安装面的中间开设有燃油转输管路的接口，四周设置机载部分的挂接/投放接口；燃油转输管路32用于连通快装油箱2和机载油箱5，燃油转输管路32内设置有输油泵，燃油转输控制单元31用于控制燃油转输管路32开启和关闭，还用于控制输油泵开启关闭；挂接/投放接口用于在机内快装油箱挂接/投放控制单元34的控制下，挂接/投放快装油箱2。The fast loading fuel
基于直升机快速燃油补给系统的加油方法包括：Refueling methods based on helicopter rapid refueling systems include:
步骤一：快装油箱准备就位后放置并存储于燃油补给/运输车辆的油箱存储舱中，举升/对接机构接收举升随动控制单元的抓取指令和固定指令，通过托举平台实现快装油箱的抓取，通过快装油箱固定装置实现快装油箱的固定；Step 1: After the fast-loading fuel tank is ready, it is placed and stored in the fuel tank storage compartment of the fuel supply/transportation vehicle. The lifting/docking mechanism receives the grabbing and fixing commands from the lifting follow-up control unit, and realizes it through the lifting platform Grab the fast-loading fuel tank, and realize the fixing of the fast-loading fuel tank through the fast-loading fuel tank fixing device;
步骤二：直升机在燃油补给/运输车辆上方稳定悬停，举升随动控制单元基于光学跟踪定位，实时探测直升机相对车辆的空间位置和姿态，向举升/对接机构发送升、降、平移控制指令，调整快装油箱与直升机的挂接机构实施对接；Step 2: The helicopter hovers stably above the fuel supply/transport vehicle, and the lift follow-up control unit detects the space position and attitude of the helicopter relative to the vehicle in real time based on optical tracking and positioning, and sends lift, lower, and translation control to the lift/docking mechanism Instructions to adjust the fast-loading fuel tank and the helicopter's attachment mechanism to implement docking;
步骤三：直升机传感器接收快装油箱挂接成功信号后，发送反馈信息至燃油补给/运输车辆，举升随动控制单元随即解除快装油箱的固定并将举升/对接机构收回。直升机携带快装油箱转入下阶段任务飞行；Step 3: After the helicopter sensor receives the fast-loading fuel tank connection success signal, it sends feedback information to the fuel supply/transport vehicle, and the lift follow-up control unit immediately releases the fast-loading fuel tank and retracts the lifting/docking mechanism. The helicopter carries the fast-loading fuel tank and transfers to the next stage of mission flight;
步骤四：直升机在飞行过程中，燃油转输控制单元在飞行员控制下，接通燃油转输管路，并开启输油泵，将快装油箱中的燃油自动转输至直升机机载燃油箱，转输完成后，关闭燃油转输管路和输油泵；Step 4: During the flight of the helicopter, the fuel transfer control unit, under the control of the pilot, connects the fuel transfer pipeline and turns on the fuel transfer pump to automatically transfer the fuel in the quick-fill fuel tank to the helicopter’s on-board fuel tank. After the transfer is completed, close the fuel transfer pipeline and the fuel transfer pump;
步骤五：在飞行过程中或地面停车状态下，飞行员可根据需求控制快装油箱挂接/投放控制单元解除直升机和快装油箱之间的挂接，进行快装油箱的投弃。Step 5: During the flight or when the ground is parked, the pilot can control the fast-loading fuel tank attachment/drop control unit to release the coupling between the helicopter and the fast-loading fuel tank according to the demand, and then drop the fast-loading fuel tank.
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