CN115741209B - Machine tool gravity balancing device and vertical stable machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a gravity balancing device of a machine tool and a vertical stable machine tool, which have the technical scheme that: the telescopic rod comprises an outer tube, an inner tube and a telescopic rod, wherein the outer tube, the inner tube and the telescopic rod are sequentially sleeved from outside to inside, the upper end of the outer tube is closed, the lower end of the outer tube is provided with an end cover, an annular chamber is formed between the inner tube and the outer tube, the upper end of the inner tube is provided with a through groove, the through groove is communicated with the annular chamber and an inner tube inner cavity, the upper end of the telescopic rod stretches into the inner tube, a sealing piston is arranged, the sealing piston is matched with the inner tube piston, the inner tube is divided into an upper chamber and a lower chamber by the sealing piston, and the lower end of the telescopic rod penetrates through a telescopic hole of the end cover and is connected with a piston between the telescopic holes; the middle of the telescopic rod is provided with an air passage which is communicated up and down, the upper end of the air passage is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner tube, and the lower end of the air passage is used for being connected with an external high-pressure air source. The invention can balance and stabilize the gravity of the vertical processing machine tool, can improve the response speed and the precision of the machine tool, and is suitable for the production and processing with higher precision requirements of clutch equipment and the like.

Description

Machine tool gravity balancing device and vertical stable machine tool

Technical Field

The invention relates to a machine tool, in particular to a gravity balancing device of the machine tool, and further relates to a vertical stable machine tool.

Background

Among the present machine tool equipment, especially for the vertical ascending and descending machine tool equipment, in order to reduce the influence condition of gravity, improve the ascending and descending dynamic response efficiency of lathe, often can increase gravity balancing unit in the middle of the machine tool equipment, can exert an ascending holding power through gravity balancing unit, and then can fight the self gravity of lift aircraft nose subassembly, reduce the load on the lead screw, keep the working dynamic stability of lathe. In particular, for heavy machine tools or machine tools with high precision requirements, it is of great importance for the balancing of forces.

At present, nitrogen balancing devices are commonly used in machine tool equipment, are generally vertically installed, and play a supporting role through a constant-pressure nitrogen source. However, when the machine tool descends, the required upward balance force is reduced, and especially when the machine tool equipment is in contact with a lower workpiece to generate a longitudinal supporting force, the constant force of the nitrogen balance device is stable and remains unchanged, and the condition of overlarge balance force is generated, so that the running stability of the equipment is affected.

There is therefore a need to propose a new solution to this problem.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a gravity balancing device for a machine tool, which can realize balance force adjustment in the supporting process and has stable balance supporting effect on the machine tool.

The technical aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a lathe gravity balancing unit, includes outer tube, inner tube and telescopic link, outer tube, inner tube and telescopic link suit in proper order from outside to inside, and the outer tube upper end is sealed, and the lower extreme sets up the end cover, forms annular cavity between inner tube and the outer tube, and logical groove is seted up to the upper end of inner tube, leads to groove intercommunication annular cavity and inner tube inner chamber, the upper end of telescopic link stretches into the inner tube to set up sealed piston, sealed piston and inner tube piston adaptation, sealed piston separates the inner tube into upper chamber and lower cavity, the lower extreme of telescopic link runs through the expansion hole of end cover, and with piston coupling between the expansion hole; the middle of the telescopic rod is provided with an air passage which is communicated up and down, the upper end of the air passage is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner tube, and the lower end of the air passage is used for being connected with an external high-pressure air source; the end cover is internally provided with a first convex ring and a second convex ring, the second convex ring is mutually matched with the lower end face of the outer tube, a pressing seal can be formed between the second convex ring and the outer tube, the first convex ring is mutually matched with the lower end face of the inner tube, a pressing seal is formed between the first convex ring and the inner tube, a ring groove is formed between the first convex ring and the second convex ring, the upper side of the ring groove is communicated with an annular chamber, the peripheral surface of the first convex ring is provided with a first through hole, and the first through hole is communicated with the lower chamber of the inner tube and the ring groove; and a balance valve mechanism is arranged at one position of the through hole and used for balancing the pressure between the lower cavity and the annular cavity of the inner pipe.

The invention is further arranged that the periphery of the first convex ring corresponds to the first through hole and is fixedly connected with an extension cylinder which extends outwards; a cavity for accommodating the extension cylinder is formed in the end cover, and a gap is formed between the inner wall of the cavity and the extension cylinder; a sealing cylinder is arranged in one end, far away from the first through hole, of the extending cylinder, and the sealing cylinder and the extending cylinder are sealed through a sealing end.

The balance valve mechanism further comprises a valve cylinder, a valve plate and a spring, wherein the valve cylinder is sleeved in the extension cylinder, the valve plate is fixedly connected to the middle section of the valve cylinder, the spring is propped against the periphery of the valve plate and the first convex ring and is used for elastically pushing the sealing ends of the valve cylinder and the sealing cylinder to prop against and seal.

The invention is further arranged that a valve hole penetrating through two sides is formed in the valve plate, an elastic membrane is covered on one side of the valve plate, which is opposite to the first through hole, the middle of the elastic membrane is fixed with the valve plate, and the periphery of the elastic membrane is covered on the valve hole for realizing sealing at the valve hole; the periphery of the elastic membrane can tilt away from the membrane and open the valve hole.

The invention is further arranged that one end of the cavity facing outwards is opened and is closed by the sealing cover, and the sealing cover is fixedly connected with the sealing cylinder; the sealing cylinder extends into the extension cylinder and is of a mutually sealed sleeving structure; and a second through hole is formed in the position, extending out of the extension cylinder, of the sealing cylinder, and the second through hole is used for communicating the cavity with the inner cavity of the extension cylinder.

The balance valve mechanism further comprises a valve rod, wherein the valve rod is fixedly connected to the middle of the valve plate, extends towards the direction of the sealing cylinder and penetrates through the sealing cover; the sealing cover and the valve rod are mutually sealed through the sealing sleeve, and the axial telescopic adjustment of the valve rod can be kept; the valve rod moves inwards to push the valve cylinder to overcome the spring, the valve cylinder and the sealing end are opened, the first through hole and the second through hole are communicated, and the upper cavity and the lower cavity of the inner pipe are communicated to realize pressure balance on two sides of the piston.

The invention is further arranged to further comprise a linkage mechanism, wherein the linkage mechanism is arranged on the periphery of the end cover and is used for being mutually matched with the valve rod, and the linkage mechanism pushes the valve rod inwards to open the balance valve assembly and balance the pressure on the upper side and the lower side of the sealing piston in the descending process of the outer tube; during the lifting of the outer tube, the valve rod is kept to extend, and the balance valve assembly separates the upper chamber and the lower chamber at two sides of the sealing piston.

The invention is further arranged that the linkage mechanism comprises a support frame, a linkage wheel, a rotating shaft, a gear and a rack; the support frame is fixed on the periphery of the end cover, and the linkage wheel and the gear are coaxially arranged on the support frame through the rotating shaft and can keep synchronous rotation; the rack is arranged on the rack in an up-down trend, and the gear and the rack are meshed with each other and used for driving the gear to rotate when moving up and down relatively.

The invention is further arranged that the outer turnover of the linkage wheel is connected with a plurality of linkage blocks in a movable way, and the linkage blocks are respectively connected in a movable way through linkage shafts and distributed in a circumferential array; the linkage block is in a cam shape, one side of the linkage block is provided with a linkage bulge, and the linkage bulge is used for propping against one end of the valve rod extending out to realize linkage; two sides of the linkage wheel, which correspond to the inner linkage blocks, are respectively fixed with a first stop block and a second stop block, and are used for limiting the swinging range of the linkage bulge;

the end part of the valve rod is bent downwards to form a pressing inclined plane, one side of the linkage wheel is mutually matched with the pressing inclined plane, when the linkage wheel moves downwards towards one side of the pressing inclined plane, the linkage bulge is blocked by the first stop block and keeps outwards protruding, the linkage bulge and the pressing inclined plane of the valve rod are mutually pressed, and the valve rod can be pushed to move inwards; when the linkage wheel moves upwards towards one side of the pressing inclined plane, the linkage protrusion is blocked by the pressing inclined plane, and can swing downwards to retract into the inner circumferential direction of the linkage wheel, so that the linkage protrusion is kept separated from the pressing inclined plane, and the valve rod is kept in an extending state.

The invention also provides a vertical stable machine tool, which comprises a frame, a sliding rail, a sliding seat, a machine head and a screw rod device, wherein the sliding rail is arranged on the frame in the up-down direction, and the sliding seat is connected with the sliding rail in a sliding manner and is driven to lift by the screw rod device; the machine head is arranged on the sliding seat; the balance device is characterized by further comprising the balance device, wherein an outer tube of the balance device is fixed with the sliding seat, and the lower end of the telescopic rod is fixed with the frame and used for realizing gravity balance of the sliding seat.

In summary, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention can generate an upward supporting function in the balancing device by adopting the structure of the inner and outer double pipes and the function of the nitrogen balancing air source, and can maintain the running stability of the equipment by stabilizing the pressure of the nitrogen air source. By arranging the balance valve mechanism between the connecting channels of the inner pipe and the outer pipe, the pressure balance can be realized, the relatively ejected pressure born by the telescopic rod is greatly reduced, the gravity of the machine tool cannot be opposed, the machine tool can be driven to descend under the action of gravity, and the stable descending action can be realized by matching with the transmission of the screw rod device. Because the lower ends of the inner pipe and the outer pipe are closed through the end cover, a closed cavity is formed in the balancing device in time in the state that the balancing valve mechanism is opened, the pressure consistent with the high-pressure air source is provided, the telescopic rod can be pushed, the telescopic rod always has a downward thrust effect, the telescopic rod is supported by a smaller force, the stable stress stabilization effect can be kept in the descending process, and the effect of balancing and supporting is achieved.

By arranging the linkage mechanism between the balancing device and the machine tool equipment, the machine tool equipment can generate different large linkage conditions in the up-down and down-down processes, and then linkage action can be generated. During the descending process of the outer tube, the linkage mechanism pushes the valve rod inwards to open the balance valve assembly, and the pressure on the upper side and the lower side of the sealing piston is balanced. The balance force of the balance device can be reduced, so that the situation of over-balance caused by over-large balance force is avoided, and the stable lifting action of the equipment can be maintained.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vertical stable machine tool according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a vertical stable machine tool according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a machine tool gravity balancing device according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a balanced valve mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the installation structure of a gravity balancing device of a machine tool according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the linkage mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the linkage wheel and the linkage block of the present invention.

Reference numerals: 1. an outer tube; 2. an inner tube; 3. an annular chamber; 4. a through groove; 5. a telescopic rod; 6. a sealing piston; 7. an airway; 8. an end cap; 9. a telescopic hole; 10. a convex ring I; 11. a convex ring II; 12. a ring groove; 13. a first through hole; 14. a balance valve mechanism; 15. a cavity; 16. sealing cover; 17. an extension cylinder; 18. a valve cylinder; 19. sealing sleeve; 20. a sealing cylinder; 21. sealing the end; 22. a second through hole; 23. a valve plate; 24. a spring; 25. an elastic membrane; 26. a valve hole; 27. a valve stem; 28. a linkage mechanism; 29. a support frame; 30. a rotating shaft; 31. a linkage wheel; 32. a gear; 33. a rack; 34. pressing the inclined plane; 35. a linkage block; 36. a linkage shaft; 37. a linkage protrusion; 38. a first stop block; 39. a second stop block; 40. a balancing device; 41. a frame; 42. a slide rail; 43. a slide; 44. a machine head; 45. and a screw rod device.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

The embodiment discloses a machine tool gravity balancing device 40, as shown in fig. 3, comprising an outer tube 1, an inner tube 2 and a telescopic rod 5, wherein the outer tube 1, the inner tube 2 and the telescopic rod 5 are sequentially sleeved from outside to inside, the upper end of the outer tube 1 is in a closed state, and the lower end of the outer tube is performed through an end cover 8. The inner tube 2 is installed in the outer tube 1, realizes coaxial installation location through location structure to form annular cavity 3 between inner tube 2 and outer tube 1, the upper end position of inner tube 2 is seted up and is led to groove 4, leads to groove 4 intercommunication annular cavity 3 and inner tube 2 inner chamber, can realize the intercommunication of inner tube 2 and outer tube 1 in the upper end position.

The upper end of the telescopic rod 5 stretches into the inner tube 2, the sealing piston 6 is arranged at the upper end, the sealing piston 6 is matched with the piston of the inner tube 2, the telescopic rod 5 can be kept to move up and down, the sealing piston 6 can divide a cavity of the inner tube 2 into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, the upper cavity and the lower cavity are mutually separated and communicated through the annular cavity 3, and balance stability can be realized by a balance valve at the end cover 8.

The lower end of the telescopic rod 5 penetrates through the telescopic hole 9 of the end cover 8 and is connected with a piston between the telescopic holes 9, the telescopic rod 5 extends downwards and can be connected with the frame 41, and fixing and supporting can be achieved.

An air passage 7 which is vertically communicated is arranged in the middle of the telescopic rod 5, the upper end of the air passage 7 is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner tube 2, and the lower end is used for being connected with an external high-pressure air source. In the working process, high-pressure gas can be introduced, the high-pressure gas with stable pressure can be introduced into the upper cavity, the telescopic rod 5 can be ejected downwards, certain supporting pressure is provided, the supporting of machine tool equipment can be realized, and the gravity balance effect of a mechanism capable of being adjusted in a lifting manner in the machine tool equipment is realized.

The inner peripheral position of the end cover 8 is fixed with two annular supporting positions of a first convex ring 10 and a second convex ring 11, wherein the second convex ring 11 is positioned at the outer periphery of the first convex ring 10 and is in a mutually annular structure; the convex ring II 11 is mutually matched with the lower end face of the outer tube 1, and can form pressing seal with the outer tube 1 after the end cover 8 is installed, so that the inner cavity of the outer tube 1 is sealed; after the end cover 8 is installed, the convex ring two 11 can form a pressing seal with the inner tube 2, so that the lower chamber of the inner tube 2 and the annular chamber 3 are mutually sealed and separated.

An annular groove 12 is formed between the first convex ring 10 and the second convex ring 11, the upper side of the annular groove 12 is communicated with the annular chamber 3, a through hole 13 is formed in the peripheral surface of the first convex ring 10, the through hole 13 is communicated with the inner periphery of the first convex ring 10 and the annular groove 12, and a communication channel is formed between the lower chamber of the inner tube 2 and the annular groove 12. And install balanced valve mechanism 14 in through-hole 13 department, can balance the pressure between cavity and the annular cavity 3 under the inner tube 2 through balanced valve mechanism 14, can realize closing and opening the switching through balanced valve mechanism 14, upper chamber and lower chamber are distributed each other when balanced valve closes, and the accessible lets in high-pressure gas in the middle of the upper chamber, and then realizes increasing balance device 40 inside, can supply telescopic link 5 to stretch out downwards, and is ejecting downwards with telescopic link 5, realizes balanced support and carries out pressure support.

When the balance valve mechanism 14 is opened, the upper chamber and the lower chamber of the sealing piston 6 are communicated to realize pressure balance, the relatively ejected pressure borne by the telescopic rod 5 is greatly reduced at the moment and cannot resist the gravity of the machine tool, the machine tool can be driven to descend under the action of gravity, and the stable descending action can be realized by matching with the transmission of the screw rod device 45. In addition, as the lower ends of the inner tube 2 and the outer tube 1 are closed by the end cover 8, a closed cavity is still formed in the balancing device 40 in a state that the balancing valve mechanism 14 is opened in time, the pressure consistent with the high-pressure air source is provided, the telescopic rod 5 can be pushed, the telescopic rod 5 always has a downward thrust effect, the telescopic rod 5 is supported by a smaller force, the stable stress stabilization effect can be kept in the descending process, and the effect of balancing and supporting is achieved.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, an extension tube 17 is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the first convex ring 10 at a position corresponding to the first through hole 13, and the extension tube 17 extends in an outer direction; a cavity 15 is provided in the end cap 8, through which cavity 15 the extension tube 17 can be adapted, the extension tube 17 extending into the cavity 15 and forming a gap with the inner wall of the cavity 15, through which gap a communication between the extension tube 17 and the annular chamber 3 is achieved.

A sealing cylinder 20 is arranged in one end of the extension cylinder 17 far away from the first through hole 13, an annular sealing end 21 is formed at the end part of the sealing cylinder 20, the sealing end 21 is of an annular rubber structure, and the end part of the sealing cylinder 20 is coated with the sealing end 21; the end of the sealing cylinder 20 extends into the extension cylinder 17, so that the sealing between the sealing cylinder 20 and the extension cylinder 17 can be realized. After the seal cylinder 20 is inserted into the extension cylinder 17, the end position of the seal cylinder 20 is relatively fixed, and the seal cylinder can be press-fitted with the balance valve mechanism 14 to cooperate with the operation of the balance valve mechanism 14.

An open state is provided at the outward end of the cavity 15, and the open position is closed by a sealing cover 16, and sealing connection is realized by a proper sealing structure; the sealing cover 16 is fixedly connected with the sealing cylinder 20, namely, after the sealing cylinder 20 is installed, the sealing cylinder 20 is kept in a stable position state, and the sealing cylinder 20 stretches into the extension cylinder 17 and is in a mutually sealed sleeve 19 structure, as shown in fig. 5.

In order to realize the communication between the sealing cylinder 20 and the cavity 15, a second through hole 22 is formed at the position where the sealing cylinder 20 extends out of the extending cylinder 17, the second through hole 22 is communicated with the cavity 15 and the inner cavity of the extending cylinder 17 to form a communicated air passage 7, and the balance valve mechanism 14 is arranged in the air passage 7, so that the balance valve mechanism 14 can control the on-off state of the air passage 7.

As shown in fig. 5, the balance valve mechanism 14 comprises a valve cylinder 18, a valve plate 23 and a spring 24, wherein the valve cylinder 18 is sleeved in the extension cylinder 17, the outer diameter of the valve cylinder 18 is smaller than the inner diameter of the extension cylinder 17, and an annular gap is formed between the valve cylinder 18 and the extension cylinder 17 after the valve cylinder 18 is installed; a valve plate 23 is fixed to the valve tube 18 at a position of an inner intermediate stage, and the valve plate 23 separates both ends of the valve tube 18.

The spring 24 is pressed against the outer periphery of the valve plate 23 and the convex ring one 10, the valve cylinder 18 can be elastically pushed by the elastic action of the spring 24, so that the end part of the valve cylinder 18 is pressed against the sealing end 21 of the sealing cylinder 20, a mutually sealed state is formed at the pressing position of the sealing end 21, and the sealing of the balance valve mechanism 14 can be realized. When the pressure of the upper chamber of the inner tube 2 is greatly increased and exceeds the elastic force of the spring 24, the balance valve mechanism 14 can be opened under the action of the pressure, a certain gap is formed between the valve cylinder 18 and the sealing end 21, and gas can flow, so that the upper chamber and the lower chamber of the inner tube 2 are communicated, and the decompression effect on the sealing piston 6 is realized.

When the device works, an external pressure-stabilizing air source is introduced into the upper cavity from the telescopic rod 5, and the support balance is realized through air pressure; when the pressure fluctuation of the external air source is excessive, the air pressure exceeds the elastic supporting force of the spring 24 in the balance valve mechanism 14, the elastic force of the spring 24 can not resist the pressure of the air, so that the balance valve mechanism 14 is opened, the upper chamber and the lower chamber of the inner tube 2 are communicated, the air is introduced into the upper chamber and the lower chamber, and certain pressure balance is formed on the upper side and the lower side of the piston. The telescopic rod 5 extends downwards through the end cover 8, the telescopic rod 5 is not affected by air pressure, the upper cavity and the lower cavity have certain pressure difference to the pressure of the sealing piston 6, the sealing piston 6 always has a downward acting force, the pressure on the telescopic rod 5 is maintained through a small acting force, and the telescopic rod is kept in a pressure release state and has certain balanced supporting force.

Further, a valve hole 26 penetrating through two sides is formed in the valve plate 23, an elastic membrane 25 is covered on one side of the valve plate 23, which faces away from the through hole 13, the middle of the elastic membrane 25 is fixed with the valve plate 23, the periphery of the elastic membrane is covered on the valve hole 26, a certain elastic state is formed, and the valve plate can swing towards the valve plate 23 under the self elastic action of the elastic membrane 25, so that a module on the valve plate 23 can be sealed.

When high-pressure gas is introduced into the upper chamber, the air pressure in the upper chamber acts on the elastic membrane 25, so that the sealing state of the elastic membrane 25 and the valve hole 26 can be maintained; and, as the pressure in the upper chamber increases, the pressing density between the elastic diaphragm 25 and the valve hole 26 increases;

when the external high pressure is released from the upper cavity, the pressure in the upper cavity is lower than the internal pressure of the lower cavity, at the moment, the air pressure in the lower cavity is used for pushing out the elastic membrane 25 to generate elastic bending and is mutually separated from the valve plate 23, the valve hole 26 is opened, the first through hole 13 and the second through hole 22 can be communicated through the valve hole 26, the upper cavity and the lower cavity in the inner tube 2 are communicated, air pressure balance is carried out, the pressure in the lower cavity can be discharged, the pressure balance on the upper side and the lower side of the sealing piston 6 is realized, and the balance device 40 is prevented from generating reverse balance action.

In the balance valve mechanism 14, one side is closed by adopting the elastic action of the spring 24, the other side is closed by the self elasticity of the elastic membrane 25, and then the bidirectional balance action in the two side directions can be realized, the pressure in the two chambers of the inner tube 2 can be well stabilized, the stability of the internal pressure of the balance device 40 is kept, a certain pressure action can be kept all the time, and the pressure balance can be carried out on the upper chamber and the lower chamber, so that the condition of negative balance caused by overlarge internal pressure difference of the two chambers is avoided.

As shown in fig. 4, the balance valve mechanism 14 further includes a valve rod 27, wherein the valve rod 27 is fixedly connected to the middle of the valve plate 23, and is linked with the valve rod 27, and the valve rod 27 can be actively adjusted by telescopic adjustment. Specifically, the valve stem 27 extends toward the seal cartridge 20 and penetrates the seal cover 16; the sealing cover 16 and the valve rod 27 are mutually sealed through the sealing sleeve 19, the valve rod 27 can be kept to axially stretch and retract, and the tightness of the extending part of the valve rod 27 can be always maintained in the axial stretching and retracting adjustment process of the valve rod 27. The valve rod 27 moves inwards to push the valve cylinder 18 to overcome the spring 24, so that the valve cylinder 18 and the sealing end 21 are opened, the first through hole 13 and the second through hole 22 are communicated, and the upper cavity and the lower cavity of the inner pipe 2 are communicated to realize pressure balance at two sides of the piston; after the pushing force at the outer end of the valve rod 27 is eliminated, the spring 24 drives the valve rod 27 to reset with the valve cylinder 18, and the balance valve is closed again.

As shown in fig. 7, a link mechanism 28 adapted to the movement of the valve rod 27 is further installed at the outer end position of the valve rod 27, and the link mechanism 28 is installed at the outer peripheral position of the end cap 8 for mutual adaptation with the valve rod 27. Specifically, the linkage 28 includes a support 29, a linkage wheel 31, a rotation shaft 30, a gear 32, and a rack 33; the support 29 is fixed to the outer periphery of the end cap 8, and the coupling wheel 31 and the gear 32 are coaxially mounted on the support 29 through the rotation shaft 30, and can be kept in synchronous rotation. The rack 33 is mounted on the frame 41 and moves up and down, the gear 32 is meshed with the rack 33, and the gear 32 is driven to rotate when moving up and down relatively, so that linkage can be generated. During the descending process of the outer tube 1, the linkage mechanism 28 pushes the valve rod 27 inwards to open the balance valve assembly and balance the pressure on the upper side and the lower side of the sealing piston 6; during the lifting of the outer tube 1, the valve stem 27 is kept extended and the balancing valve assembly separates the upper and lower chambers on both sides of the sealing piston 6.

As shown in fig. 7 and 8, a plurality of link blocks 35 are rotatably connected to the outer periphery of the link wheel 31, and the link blocks 35 are rotatably connected to each other by link shafts 36, respectively, and are distributed in a circumferential array. The linkage block 35 is cam-shaped, one side of the linkage block is provided with a linkage protrusion 37, and the linkage block can generate rotary swinging motion under the action of the support of the linkage shaft 36 and the gravity of the linkage block.

As shown in fig. 8, a first stop 38 and a second stop 39 are fixed on two sides of the linkage wheel 31 corresponding to the inner linkage block 35 respectively, the swinging range of the linkage protrusion 37 can be limited by the first stop 38 and the second stop 39, the linkage block 35 can be retracted into the range of the linkage wheel 31 when swinging clockwise, the linkage block 35 swings anticlockwise and is supported by the first stop 38, the state of outwards ejection can be kept, the linkage block 35 is in a ratchet-like state, and the valve rod 27 can be molded and adjusted in a linkage manner. The end of the valve rod 27 is bent downwards to form a pressing inclined plane 34, one side of the linkage wheel 31 is mutually matched with the pressing inclined plane 34, and the linkage protrusion 37 can be abutted against one end of the valve rod 27, so that mutual linkage is realized.

When the linkage wheel 31 moves downwards towards one side of the pressing inclined surface 34, the linkage protrusion 37 is blocked by the first stop block 38 and keeps the outwards protruding shape, and the linkage protrusion 37 and the pressing inclined surface 34 of the valve rod 27 are mutually pressed against each other so as to push the valve rod 27 to move inwards; when the interlocking wheel 31 moves upward toward the side of the pressing inclined surface 34, the interlocking protrusion 37 is blocked by the pressing inclined surface 34, the interlocking protrusion 37 can swing downward to retract into the inner circumferential direction of the interlocking wheel 31, the interlocking protrusion 37 and the pressing inclined surface 34 are kept separated, and the valve rod 27 is kept in an extended state.

In the process that the inner tube 2 of the outer tube 1 descends along with the machine head 44, the linkage mechanism 28 drives the valve rod 27 to generate inward contraction, so that the balance valve mechanism 14 is driven, the end face of the valve barrel 18 and the end face of the sealing end 21 are separated from each other, the balance valve mechanism 14 is opened, the upper cavity and the lower cavity of the inner tube 2 are communicated, air pressure is balanced, and the balance force output by the telescopic rod 5 can be reduced. The balance force is smaller than the gravity, and part of the gravity can play a role in descending pushing, so that the screw rod device 45 can be facilitated to drive the mechanism assembly to descend and adjust; moreover, because the chambers of the inner tube 2 and the outer tube 1 are communicated, the stress area of the upper chamber and the stress area of the lower chamber are different from each other, the stress area of the upper chamber is larger, the stress area of the lower chamber is smaller, and further, after the upper chamber and the lower chamber are communicated, a downward supporting force can be still generated under the action of the whole internal pressure, and the stability of the balance effect of the balance device 40 is maintained.

The embodiment also discloses a vertical stable machine tool, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, which comprises a frame 41, a sliding rail 42, a sliding seat 43, a machine head 44 and a screw rod device 45, wherein the sliding rail 42 is provided with two groups and is arranged on the frame 41 in the up-down direction; the sliding seat 43 is slidably connected to the sliding rail 42, and is driven to lift by a screw rod device 45. The machine head 44 can be motor-driven equipment, can play a role in cutting, is arranged on the sliding seat 43, and can perform lifting action along with the sliding seat 43; the machine head 44 may further be provided with a device that moves laterally or forward and backward, so as to perform more directional actions, and the functions of the machine tool device that are specifically required may be installed for arrangement, which will not be described in detail.

The machine tool further comprises a balancing device 40 in the embodiment, the outer tube 1 of the balancing device 40 is fixed with the sliding seat 43, the lower end of the telescopic rod 5 is fixed with the frame 41, a telescopic rod structure is arranged between the sliding seat 43 and the frame 41 through the balancing device 40, the stability of up and down stress can be realized through the adjustment of the telescopic rod structure, and the upward acting force generated by the balancing device 40 and the gravity of the machine head 44 play a role in mutual counter offset to play a role in balancing the gravity. The gravity of the vertical processing machine tool can be balanced and stabilized through the balancing device 40, the stress of the screw rod device 45 is reduced, the response speed and the precision of the machine tool can be improved, and the device is suitable for generating and processing with high precision requirements of clutch equipment and the like.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the present invention may occur to one skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention and are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a lathe gravity balancing unit, its characterized in that includes outer tube (1), inner tube (2) and telescopic link (5), outer tube (1), inner tube (2) and telescopic link (5) suit in proper order from outside to inside, and outer tube (1) upper end is sealed, and the lower extreme sets up end cover (8), forms annular cavity (3) between inner tube (2) and outer tube (1), and logical groove (4) are seted up to the upper end of inner tube (2), logical groove (4) intercommunication annular cavity (3) and inner tube (2) inner chamber, the upper end of telescopic link (5) stretches into inner tube (2) to set up sealing piston (6), sealing piston (6) and inner tube (2) piston adaptation, sealing piston (6) separate inner tube (2) into upper chamber and lower chamber, the lower extreme of telescopic link (5) runs through expansion hole (9) of end cover (8) to with piston connection between expansion hole (9); an air passage (7) which is vertically communicated is formed in the middle of the telescopic rod (5), the upper end of the air passage (7) is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner tube (2), and the lower end of the air passage (7) is connected with an external high-pressure air source; the end cover (8) is internally provided with a first convex ring (10) and a second convex ring (11), the second convex ring (11) is mutually matched with the lower end face of the outer tube (1) and can form pressing seal with the outer tube (1), the first convex ring (10) is mutually matched with the lower end face of the inner tube (2) and forms pressing seal with the inner tube (2), an annular groove (12) is formed between the first convex ring (10) and the second convex ring (11), the upper side of the annular groove (12) is communicated with the annular chamber (3), a first through hole (13) is formed in the peripheral surface of the first convex ring (10), and the first through hole (13) is communicated with the lower chamber of the inner tube (2) and the annular groove (12); and a balance valve mechanism (14) is arranged at the first through hole (13), and the balance valve mechanism (14) is used for balancing the pressure between the lower chamber of the inner tube (2) and the annular chamber (3).

2. A gravity balancing device for a machine tool according to claim 1, wherein an extension cylinder (17) extending outwards is fixedly connected to the periphery of the first convex ring (10) corresponding to the first through hole (13); a cavity (15) for accommodating the extension cylinder (17) is formed in the end cover (8), and a gap is formed between the inner wall of the cavity (15) and the extension cylinder (17); a sealing cylinder (20) is arranged in one end, far away from the first through hole (13), of the extension cylinder (17), and the sealing cylinder (20) and the extension cylinder (17) are sealed through a sealing end (21).

3. The machine tool gravity balancing device according to claim 2, wherein the balancing valve mechanism (14) comprises a valve cylinder (18), a valve plate (23) and a spring (24), the valve cylinder (18) is sleeved in the extension cylinder (17), the valve plate (23) is fixedly connected to the middle section of the valve cylinder (18), the spring (24) is pressed against the peripheries of the valve plate (23) and the convex ring I (10) and is used for elastically pushing the valve cylinder (18) to be pressed against and sealed with the sealing end (21) of the sealing cylinder (20).

4. A gravity balancing device for a machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the valve plate (23) is provided with a valve hole (26) penetrating through two sides, one side of the valve plate (23) facing away from the first through hole (13) is covered with an elastic membrane (25), the middle of the elastic membrane (25) is fixed with the valve plate (23), and the periphery of the elastic membrane is covered on the valve hole (26) for realizing sealing at the valve hole (26); the periphery of the elastic membrane (25) can tilt away from the membrane and open the valve hole (26).

5. A machine tool gravity balancing device according to claim 2, wherein the cavity (15) is open at one outward end and is closed by a sealing cover (16), the sealing cover (16) being fixedly connected with the sealing cylinder (20); the sealing cylinder (20) extends into the extension cylinder (17) and is of a mutually sealed sleeve (19) mounting structure; the sealing cylinder (20) extends out of the extending cylinder (17), a second through hole (22) is formed in the position, which is used for communicating the cavity (15) with the inner cavity of the extending cylinder (17), of the second through hole (22).

6. A machine tool gravity balancing device according to claim 3, wherein the balancing valve mechanism (14) further comprises a valve rod (27), the valve rod (27) is fixedly connected to the middle of the valve plate (23), and the valve rod (27) extends towards the direction of the sealing cylinder (20) and penetrates through the sealing cover (16); the sealing cover (16) and the valve rod (27) are mutually sealed through the sealing sleeve (19), and the valve rod (27) can be kept to axially stretch and retract to be adjusted; the valve rod (27) moves inwards to push the valve cylinder (18) to overcome the spring (24), the valve cylinder (18) and the sealing end (21) are opened, the first through hole (13) and the second through hole (22) are communicated, and the upper cavity and the lower cavity of the inner pipe (2) are communicated to realize pressure balance on two sides of the piston.

7. The gravity balancing device of a machine tool according to claim 6, further comprising a linkage mechanism (28), wherein the linkage mechanism (28) is arranged on the periphery of the end cover (8) and is used for being mutually matched with the valve rod (27), and the linkage mechanism (28) pushes the valve rod (27) inwards to open the balancing valve assembly and balance the pressure on the upper side and the lower side of the sealing piston (6) during the descending process of the outer tube (1); during the lifting of the outer tube (1), the valve rod (27) is kept to extend, and the upper chamber and the lower chamber at two sides of the sealing piston (6) are separated by the balance valve assembly.

8. A machine tool gravity balancing device according to claim 7, wherein the linkage (28) comprises a support frame (29), a linkage wheel (31), a rotating shaft (30), a gear (32) and a rack (33); the support frame (29) is fixed on the periphery of the end cover (8), and the linkage wheel (31) and the gear (32) are coaxially arranged on the support frame (29) through the rotating shaft (30) and can keep synchronous rotation; the rack (33) is arranged on the frame (41) in an up-down trend, and the gear (32) is meshed with the rack (33) and is used for driving the gear (32) to rotate when relatively moving up and down.

9. The gravity balancing device of a machine tool according to claim 8, wherein the outer turnover of the linkage wheel (31) is connected with a plurality of linkage blocks (35), and each linkage block (35) is respectively connected in a rotating way through a linkage shaft (36) and distributed in a circumferential array; the linkage block (35) is in a cam shape, one side of the linkage block is provided with a linkage protrusion (37), and the linkage protrusion (37) is used for propping against one end of the valve rod (27) extending out to realize linkage; two sides of the linkage wheel (31) corresponding to the inner linkage block (35) are respectively fixed with a first stop block (38) and a second stop block (39) for limiting the swinging range of the linkage bulge (37); the end part of the valve rod (27) is bent downwards to form a pressing inclined surface (34), one side of the linkage wheel (31) is mutually matched with the pressing inclined surface (34), when the linkage wheel (31) moves downwards towards one side of the pressing inclined surface (34), the linkage bulge (37) is blocked by the first stop block (38) and keeps outwards protruding, the linkage bulge (37) and the pressing inclined surface (34) of the valve rod (27) mutually press, and the valve rod (27) can be pushed to move inwards; when the linkage wheel (31) moves upwards towards one side of the pressing inclined surface (34), the linkage protrusion (37) is blocked by the pressing inclined surface (34), the linkage protrusion (37) can swing downwards to retract into the inner circumferential direction of the linkage wheel (31), the linkage protrusion (37) is kept to be separated from the pressing inclined surface (34), and the valve rod (27) is kept in an extending state.

10. The vertical type stabilizing machine tool is characterized by comprising a frame (41), a sliding rail (42), a sliding seat (43), a machine head (44) and a screw rod device (45), wherein the sliding rail (42) is arranged on the frame (41) in the vertical direction, the sliding seat (43) is connected with the sliding rail (42) in a sliding manner, and the screw rod device (45) drives the sliding seat to lift; the machine head (44) is arranged on the sliding seat (43); the balance device (40) according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the outer tube (1) of the balance device (40) is fixed with the sliding seat (43), and the lower end of the telescopic rod (5) is fixed with the frame (41) for realizing the gravity balance of the sliding seat (43).

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