CN115735588B - Method for improving survival rate of longan and litchi interactive grafting - Google Patents
Method for improving survival rate of longan and litchi interactive grafting Download PDFInfo
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- CN115735588B CN115735588B CN202211403524.6A CN202211403524A CN115735588B CN 115735588 B CN115735588 B CN 115735588B CN 202211403524 A CN202211403524 A CN 202211403524A CN 115735588 B CN115735588 B CN 115735588B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the survival rate of longan and litchi interactive grafting, which comprises the following steps: and (3) immersing the scion in the mixed solution of the alpha-naphthylacetic acid and the thidiazuron, and inserting the scion into a stock incision to enable the cambium of the stock and the scion to be aligned and jointed. The method can overcome the problem of low survival rate of the longan and litchi interconnection in the prior art, remarkably improves the grafting survival rate of the longan and the litchi, truly realizes successful grafting of the litchi and the longan, and provides favorable technical support for further improving the maturity, quality or stress resistance of the litchi and the longan and for distant grafting hybridization of the litchi and the longan. In addition, the agent for improving the interconnection of longan and litchi has simple proportioning components and required preparation conditions, can be suitable for normal orchard operation, has low requirements on personnel professionals, and is beneficial to large-scale popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree grafting, and particularly relates to a method for improving the survival rate of longan and litchi interactive grafting.
Background
Grafting is one of the asexual propagation modes of fruit trees, namely, a part of organs (branches or buds) on a good plant is adopted and is connected to a proper position on another plant, the combined positions can gradually heal and grow together, and finally, a new plant body is grown. The fruit tree grafting technology is an important method for improving low-yield orchards and poor-quality varieties at present. The stock of the grafted seedling is usually a local wild type or a high growth potential, has strong stress resistance, and the scion is usually a cultivar with excellent characters, so the grafting technology is widely applied to the production and breeding of high-quality seedlings of fruit trees. The grafting also has the characteristic of promoting the fruit trees to bloom and fruit in advance, and the scions collected on the adult fruit trees are grafted on the stock, so that the survival branches of the scions have the developmental characteristics of the adult trees, and the scions can bloom and fruit in advance. In addition, the grafting is the same as girdling, so that the transmission tissue in the plant body is blocked, and the accumulation of overground nutrient substances is facilitated, thereby promoting early flowering and fruiting.
Distant grafting refers to grafting among species of different species, genus or distant relation in plant taxonomy, especially among different families, and is one of important channels for creating new species. Distant grafting is an important component of the research of grafting technology, and successful distant grafting plays an important role in improving ornamental value and yield of plants, improving quality, breeding practice and the like. However, in the related art, most distant grafting is difficult to achieve due to grafting incompatibility, and how to overcome the grafting incompatibility by improving an operation method has become a difficult problem in grafting research.
Longan (Dimocarpus longan lour.) and litchi (LITCHI CHINENSIS sonn.) belong to the family Sapindaceae, but are classified as longan and litchi. In the related technology and practical production, the interactive grafting combination in longan and litchi can show high inapplicability, especially when longan is used as a scion and litchi is used as a grafting combination of a stock, the grafting survival rate is extremely low, and no successful case report exists at present. Therefore, a method capable of effectively improving the survival rate of the litchi and longan intersystem grafting is developed, successful grafting of the litchi and longan is realized, and a favorable technical support is provided for further improving the maturity, quality or stress resistance of the litchi and longan and for distant grafting hybridization of the litchi and longan.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the prior art described above. Therefore, the invention provides a method for improving the survival rate of the interaction grafting of the longan and the litchi, which can obviously improve the survival rate of the interaction grafting of the longan and the litchi, realize successful grafting of the litchi and the longan, and provide favorable technical support for further improving the maturity, quality or stress resistance of the litchi and the longan and for distant grafting hybridization of the litchi and the longan.
The invention provides a method for improving the survival rate of longan and litchi interactive grafting, which comprises the following steps:
And (3) immersing the scion in the mixed solution of the alpha-naphthylacetic acid and the thidiazuron, and inserting the scion into a stock incision to enable the cambium of the stock and the scion to be aligned and jointed.
According to a first aspect of the invention, in some embodiments of the invention, the mass ratio of the alpha-naphthylacetic acid and the thidiazuron in the mixed solution is 3-5:1-3.
In some embodiments of the invention, the mass ratio of the alpha-naphthylacetic acid to the thidiazuron in the mixed solution is 4:2.
In some embodiments of the invention, the alpha-naphthylacetic acid is present in the mixed solution at a mass concentration of 3 to 5mg/kg.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the alpha-naphthylacetic acid is present in the mixed solution at a mass concentration of 4mg/kg.
In some embodiments of the invention, the thidiazuron is present in the mixed solution at a mass concentration of 1 to 3mg/kg.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the thidiazuron is present in the mixed solution at a mass concentration of 2mg/kg.
In some embodiments of the invention, the thidiazuron and the alpha-naphthylacetic acid are both used in water, i.e., 3 to 5mg NAA and 1 to 3mg TDZ are added per kg water.
In some embodiments of the invention, both the thidiazuron and the alpha-naphthylacetic acid are used as dissolved in water, i.e. 4mg NAA and 2mg TDZ are added per kg water.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, in some embodiments of the present invention, the stock is one of litchi and longan, and the scion is the other of litchi and longan.
In some embodiments of the invention, the growth cycle of the rootstock is 2-5 years.
In some embodiments of the invention, the rootstock is a seedling with a growth cycle of 2 years or an adult tree with a growth cycle of 5 years.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the rootstock is a sapling with a growth cycle of 2 years.
According to a first aspect of the invention, in some embodiments of the invention, the selection criteria for the scion are: the middle and upper part of the periphery of the crown on the parent tree is sunny, the bud eye is full, and the top leaf of the top leaf which is not germinated or is just germinated is mature, and the autumn top is last.
In some embodiments of the invention, the scion leaves 2 to 3 full shoots.
In some embodiments of the invention, the cut length is 3 to 5cm.
In some embodiments of the invention, the cut length is 4cm.
In some embodiments of the invention, the soaking time is 50s to 90s.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the soaking time is 60s.
In some embodiments of the invention, the method is specifically:
Cutting each scion into small sections of 3-5 cm after 2-3 full leaf buds are reserved on each scion, cutting the lower part of each scion into a wedge shape of 20-25 degrees, soaking the cut scion in a mixed solution of NAA and TDZ for 50-90 s, cutting a top on a straight part of a stock branch, vertically downwards carrying out a xylem on one side to cut out an opening, enabling the opening to be 2-3 cm long, enabling the long section of each scion to face the stock, inserting the long section into the opening of the stock, and enabling the stock to be aligned and jointed with a cambium of each scion; wrapping the incision and the scion.
In a second aspect, the invention provides the application of the method in the first aspect in the distant grafting of fruit trees.
According to a second aspect of the invention, in some embodiments of the invention, the fruit tree is a soapberry tree.
In some embodiments of the invention, the distant grafting of fruit trees is longan and litchi interactive grafting.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. The method can overcome the problem of low survival rate of the longan and litchi interconnection in the prior art, remarkably improves the grafting survival rate of the longan and the litchi, truly realizes successful grafting of the litchi and the longan, and provides favorable technical support for further improving the maturity, quality or stress resistance of the litchi and the longan and for distant grafting hybridization of the litchi and the longan.
2. The agent for improving the interconnection of longan and litchi has simple proportioning components and required preparation conditions, can be suitable for normal orchard operation, has low requirements on personnel professionals, and is beneficial to large-scale popularization.
3. The method has the advantages of simple treatment, quick response and obvious effect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a photograph showing growth conditions of longan/litchi and litchi/longan 10 days and 40 days after grafting in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description is presented herein for purposes of illustration only and is not intended to limit the invention.
The experimental materials and reagents used, unless otherwise specified, are those conventionally available commercially.
Longan and litchi interactive grafting method
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Selection of stock varieties:
In the embodiment, the stock grows into the seedling of the litchi with the osmanthus taste or the seedling of the longan with the growth period of 2 years, or selecting 5 years old longan tree or shi longan tree.
(2) Selection of scions:
The scion selects healthy and strong shi-gu longan or cassia-flavored litchi tree as a parent tree (when the stock is litchi, the scion selects longan, and vice versa). The selection criteria for the scions were: the last autumn shoots with mature top leaves at the middle upper part of the periphery of the crown on the parent tree, sun-facing, full bud eyes, and un-germinated or just-germinated are used as scions.
(3) And (3) scion treatment:
After selecting scions according to the step (2), leaving 2-3 full leaf buds on each scion, cutting into small sections of about 4cm, cutting the lower part of the scion into a wedge shape of about 22 degrees by using a grafting knife, and soaking the cut scion in a mixed solution of NAA (alpha-naphthylacetic acid) and TDZ (thidiazuron) for 1 minute. Wherein, the mass concentration of NAA in the mixed solution is 4mg/kg, and the mass concentration of TDZ is 2mg/kg (namely, 4mg NAA and 2mg TDZ are added into each kg of water).
(4) Grafting:
In this embodiment, the grafting method adopts a grafting method, and the specific operations are as follows:
① An opening interface:
The grafting opening of the stock is selected at the straight part of the branch, the top is cut firstly, the grafting knife is used for trimming the cut, then a knife is vertically downwards arranged at one side of the stock and is used for cutting the xylem, and the length of the cut is about 2-3 cm.
② Joining and binding:
The long section of the scion is inwards (the long section faces the stock) and is inserted into the stock incision, so that the cambium of the stock and the scion are aligned and jointed. If the cut surface of the stock is larger than that of the scion, at least one side of the cambium is aligned. In general, it is recommended that the layers be formed with both sides of the interface to align and bond best. Finally, the notch and the scion are entirely wrapped by the film, so that water dispersion is avoided.
EXAMPLE 1 grafting of Shi longan (scion) with Guiwei litchi (stock)
Grafting was performed according to the procedure described in the above examples, in which the stock had a growth cycle of 5 years for the cassia litchi. The scion is selected from Dan longan which grows well as a parent tree, and the last autumn shoots of which the top shoots are mature and which are not germinated or are just germinated are selected as scions, wherein the middle and upper part of the periphery of a crown on the parent tree is sunny and the bud eyes are full.
Grafting by a cutting grafting method according to the procedure in the above example at 2022, 2 and 25, and grafting 10 buds on the cassia litchi respectively by a high grafting method. At the same time, a blank (NAA and TDZ treatments were not performed) was set. Survival was counted beginning at day 3 and 10 of 2022, and counting was performed every 10 days.
The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 grafting survival rate of Shi longan (scion) and Guiwei litchi (stock)
It can be found that the method in the above embodiment can stabilize the success rate of grafting of the shi-yuyan (scion) and the Gui-flavor litchi (stock) to about 30%, while the success rate of grafting of the untreated Dan longan (scion) and the Gui-flavor litchi (stock) is only 10%.
Example 2 grafting of litchi (scion) and Dan longan (stock)
Grafting was performed according to the procedure described in the above examples, in which the stock was stone longan with a growth cycle of 5 years. The scion is selected from strong osmanthus-flavored litchi as a parent tree, and the last autumn tip of which the top tip leaves are aged, which is not germinated or is just germinated, is selected as the scion, wherein the middle and upper part of the periphery of the crown on the parent tree is sunny and the bud eyes are full.
Grafting by a cutting grafting method according to the steps in the embodiment above is carried out at the period of 2.2022 and 25, and 10 buds are respectively grafted on the on-off longan by a high grafting mode. At the same time, a blank (NAA and TDZ treatments were not performed) was set. Survival was counted beginning at day 3 and 10 of 2022, and counting was performed every 10 days.
The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 grafting survival rate of litchi (scion) and Dan longan (stock) with osmanthus flavor
It can be found that the method in the above embodiment can stabilize the grafting success rate of the cassia litchi (scion) and Dan longan (stock) to about 20%, while the grafting success rate of the untreated cassia litchi (scion) and Dan longan (stock) is 0.
Example 3: grafting of Dan longan (scion) and cassia-flavored litchi (stock)
Grafting is carried out according to the steps in the embodiment, the stock grows into the osmanthus flavored litchi seedlings with the period of 2 years, the scion selects the Dan longan which grows well as a parent tree, and the last autumn shoots which are the middle-upper part of the periphery of the crown on the parent tree, face the sun, have full bud eyes, have no bud or have mature top shoots immediately after the bud are selected as the scions.
Grafting by a cutting grafting method according to the steps in the embodiment at 2022 and 2 and 25 days, and grafting 10 buds on the osmanthus litchi seedlings by a high grafting mode. At the same time, a blank (NAA and TDZ treatments were not performed) was set. Survival was counted beginning at day 3 and 10 of 2022, and counting was performed every 10 days.
The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 grafting survival rate of Shi longan (scion) and Guiwei litchi (stock)
It can be found that the method in the above embodiment can stabilize the success rate of grafting of the shi-yuyan (scion) and the Gui-flavor litchi (stock) to about 40%, while the success rate of grafting of the untreated Dan longan (scion) and the Gui-flavor litchi (stock) is only 20%.
Example 4: grafting of longan and Dan longan
Grafting is carried out according to the steps in the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the stock grows the stone-like longan seedlings with a period of 2 years, the scion selects the strong osmanthus-flavored litchi as the parent tree, and selects the last autumn shoots of the top shoot leaf aging, which are the middle upper part of the periphery of the crown on the parent tree, are sunny, full in bud eyes, not germinated or are just germinated, as the scions.
Grafting by a cutting grafting method according to the steps in the embodiment above on the day 2 and 25 of 2022, and grafting 10 buds on the off-line longan seedlings respectively by a high grafting mode. At the same time, a blank (NAA and TDZ treatments were not performed) was set. Survival was counted beginning at day 3 and 10 of 2022, and counting was performed every 10 days.
The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 grafting survival rate of litchi (scion) and Dan longan (stock) with osmanthus flavor
It can be found that the method in the above embodiment can stabilize the grafting success rate of the cassia litchi (scion) and Dan longan (stock) to about 50%, while the grafting success rate of the untreated cassia litchi (scion) and Dan longan (stock) is only 10%.
The actual pictures of each group of grafting conditions in examples 1 to 4 are shown in FIG. 1.
In summary, it can be found that the method in the embodiment of the invention can significantly improve the survival rate of the longan and litchi, and the method is simple, and the preparation of the related reagents is rapid and simple, and the time consumption is not increased compared with the common grafting mode. The grafting of the litchi and longan obtained by the method has important application value for subsequent researches on the flowering phase regulation and control of longan and litchi, grafting physiology and the like.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving the survival rate of the interaction grafting of longan and litchi comprises the following steps:
Soaking the scion in the mixed solution of alpha-naphthylacetic acid and thidiazuron, and inserting the scion into a stock incision to enable the cambium of the stock and the scion to be aligned and jointed;
the mass ratio of the alpha-naphthylacetic acid to the thidiazuron in the mixed solution is 3-5:1-3;
the stock is one of litchi and longan, the scion is the other of litchi and longan, and the growth period of the stock is 2-5 years.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of the alpha-naphthylacetic acid in the mixed solution is 3 to 5mg/kg.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the thidiazuron is present in the mixed solution in a mass concentration of 1-3 mg/kg.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the selection criteria for the scion are: the middle and upper part of the periphery of the crown on the parent tree is sunny, the bud eye is full, and the top leaf of the top leaf which is not germinated or is just germinated is mature, and the autumn top is last.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the scion leaves 2 to 3 full shoots and a cut length of 3 to 5cm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the soaking time is 50s to 90s.
7. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in the distant grafting of fruit trees.
8. The use according to claim 7, wherein the fruit tree is a soapberry tree.
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| CN114287342A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-08 | 华南农业大学 | A method suitable for induction of new shoots and leaf callus of various mulberry varieties |
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| MX2011011945A (en) * | 2009-05-13 | 2011-12-06 | Basf Plant Science Co Gmbh | Plant promoter operable in basal endosperm transfer layer of endosperm and uses thereof. |
| CN103583246A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-02-19 | 合江县彭家河荔枝专业合作社 | Method for fast improving survival rate for hybridization of longan and litchi |
| CN104126426B (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2016-05-11 | 北海市东雨农业科技有限公司 | A kind of many stock graftings of chicken mouth lichee method |
| PL3456178T3 (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2024-06-24 | Gradilis Recherche Sarl | Nursery fruit tree of at least double trunk type |
| PL3855919T3 (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2023-06-05 | Fmc Corporation | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fcc1256 compositions and methods of controlling plant pathogens |
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