CN115726098A - Novel polylactic acid biodegradable melt-blown fabric and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Novel polylactic acid biodegradable melt-blown fabric and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of melt-blown fabric preparation, and discloses a novel polylactic acid biodegradable melt-blown fabric and a processing method thereof, wherein a circulating drying device is utilized to pre-crystallize and dry modified polylactic acid particles; feeding the modified polylactic acid particles and the modified electret master batch into a screw extruder, and discharging a molten raw material; filtering the molten polylactic acid melt, metering and discharging by using a metering pump, and distributing to a spinneret plate through a die head; drafting the fiber by high-pressure air, discharging redundant gas by an exhaust device, cooling the cloth by a cooling device, and forming the cloth by a cylinder suction type net former; compacting the cloth by using a flat pressing device, and stretching the cloth by using a traction device; the environmental temperature of the environmental air conditioner is controlled, the humidifying device humidifies the cloth, the high-voltage electret device carries out charged electret on the cloth, and the winding machine enables the cloth to be rolled. The invention is convenient and simple, saves cost and has reliable operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of melt-blown fabric preparation, and particularly relates to novel polylactic acid biodegradable melt-blown fabric and a processing method thereof.
Background
At present, polylactic acid (PLA) is thermoplastic aliphatic polyester, is hard plastic in a glass state at room temperature, can be subjected to various molding processing like common plastic, such as extrusion, film blowing, injection molding, fiber molding and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of clothing, non-woven fabrics, packaging, medical and health products and the like. PLA has been widely noticed by people as a degradable material, and under the push of the policy of the national plastic restriction order, the application and development of PLA can be expanded, the environmental pressure can be relieved, and the human beings can be benefited.
The melt-blown cloth is the most core material for mask production, polypropylene is used as a main production raw material, and the diameter of the fiber can reach 1-5 microns. Because the superfine fiber with the unique capillary structure increases the number and the surface area of the fiber per unit area, the melt-blown fabric has good filtering property, shielding property, heat insulation property, oil absorption property and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of air, liquid filtering materials, isolating materials, absorbing materials, medical and industrial mask materials, heat-insulating materials, oil absorption materials, wiping cloth and the like.
The polylactic acid (PLA) biodegradable melt-blown fabric produced in China generally has the defects of large peculiar smell, low filtration efficiency, high resistance, hard and crisp fabric surface, short electricity storage time and the like.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the polylactic acid biodegradable melt-blown fabric prepared by the prior art has the advantages of large peculiar smell, low filtration efficiency, high resistance, hard and crisp fabric surface and short electricity storage time.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a novel polylactic acid biodegradable melt-blown fabric and a processing method thereof.
The invention is realized in such a way that the processing method of the novel polylactic acid biodegradable melt-blown fabric comprises the following steps:
step one, pre-crystallizing and drying modified polylactic acid particles by using a circulating drying device, and mainly removing moisture in the polylactic acid particles by electric heating;
and step two, putting the modified polylactic acid particles (high melt flow rate polylactic acid, melt flow rate 50-150 g/10 min) and the modified electret master batch (the electret master batch is prepared by mixing polylactic acid, stearate and inorganic strong base according to the mass ratio of 97.5-99.2. Thereby overcoming the defects of large peculiar smell, low filtration efficiency, high resistance, hard and crisp cloth surface and short electricity storage time of the prior polylactic acid biodegradable melt-blown cloth;
filtering the molten polylactic acid melt by a precision filter screen (a filter screen with the aperture of 40-100 mu m is adopted), metering and discharging by using a metering pump (the parameter of the metering pump is 100cc/rev is 10-35 rpm), and distributing to a spinneret plate (the aperture of the spinneret plate is 0.3-0.5 mu, and the temperature is 200-290 ℃);
step four, utilizing high-pressure air at two sides of the die head (the temperature of hot air at two sides of the melt-blowing die head is 200-310 ℃, and the hot air flow rate is 1800-2400 m) 3 The fiber sprayed by a spinneret plate is drafted under the pressure of 0.05-0.15 Mpa, redundant gas is discharged by an exhaust device (the frequency is 15 Hz-60 Hz), the fiber is cooled by a cooling device (the wind speed is 3-10 m/s, the temperature is 10-30 ℃), and the fabric is formed by a cylinder suction type netting machine (the suction wind speed is 3-10 m/s, and the receiving distance is 10-60 cm);
compacting the cloth by using a flat pressing device (the pressure of the flat pressing device is 1 Kpa-5 Kpa), and stretching the cloth by using a traction device (the tension is 1 Kpa-5 Kpa);
and step six, controlling the environmental temperature of the environmental air conditioner (the set temperature is 15-40 ℃), humidifying the cloth by using a humidifying device (the humidity of the humidifying device is set to be 30-70%), performing charged electret on the cloth by using a high-voltage electret device (the voltage is 30-225 KV, and the power is 30-10 KW), and coiling the cloth by using a coiling machine.
Further, the polylactic acid adopted by the modified polylactic acid particles in the step one is the polylactic acid with high melt flow rate, and the melt flow rate is 50-150 g/10min;
the modified electret master batch is prepared by mixing polylactic acid, stearate and inorganic strong base according to the mass ratio of 97.5-99.2: 0.1 to 2:0.1 to 0.5.
Further, the drying temperature in the first step is 60-110 ℃.
Further, the ratio of the polylactic acid particles modified in the second step to the modified electret master batch raw materials is 94-98: 2 to 4.
Further, filtering the melted polylactic acid melt in the third step by using a filter screen with the aperture of 40-100 mu m, wherein the parameter of a metering pump is 100cc/rev at 10-35rpm, the aperture of the spinneret plate is 0.3-0.5 mu, and the temperature is 200-290 ℃.
Furthermore, in the step four, in the step of drafting the fiber by using high-pressure air, the temperature of hot air at the two sides of the melt-blowing die head is 200-310 ℃, and the hot air flow rate is 1800-2400 m 3 H, the pressure is 0.05-0.15 Mpa.
Further, the frequency of the air exhaust device in the fourth step is 15 Hz-60 Hz, the wind speed of the cooling device is 3 m/s-10 m/s, and the temperature is 10-30 ℃; the suction wind speed of the cylinder suction type net former is 3-10 m/s, and the receiving distance is 10-60 cm.
Further, the pressure of the flat pressing device in the step five is 1 Kpa-5 Kpa, and the tension of the traction device is 1 Kpa-5 Kpa.
Further, the set temperature in the environmental temperature control of the environmental air conditioner in the sixth step is 15-40 ℃, the humidity of the humidifying device is set to be 30-70%, the voltage of the high-voltage electret device is 30-225 KV, and the power is 30W-10 KW.
Further, the six-step winder adopts a single-roller friction type automatic switching winder, and the set parameters are phi 800 multiplied by 1600 and 10-100 m/min.
By combining the technical scheme and the technical problem to be solved, the technical scheme to be protected by the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
first, aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art and the difficulty in solving the problems, the technical problems to be solved by the technical scheme of the present invention are closely combined with the technical scheme to be protected and the results and data in the research and development process, and some creative technical effects brought after the problems are solved are analyzed in detail and deeply. The specific description is as follows:
the toughening and heat-resistant modified polylactic acid resin is prepared by technical upgrading, the heat-resistant temperature of the polylactic acid resin is increased to 120 ℃ from less than 60 ℃, and further, the high heat-resistant polylactic acid modified resin with the heat-resistant temperature of more than 200 ℃ and the melt flow rate of 50-150 g/10min is prepared by utilizing the advantage that the stereo crystallization melting point is more than 230 ℃, so that the processing method of the novel polylactic acid (PLA) biodegradable melt-blown fabric, which is convenient and simple, saves the cost and is reliable in operation, is provided.
Secondly, considering the technical scheme as a whole or from the perspective of products, the technical effect and advantages of the technical scheme to be protected by the invention are specifically described as follows:
PLA has good biocompatibility. Polylactic acid is non-toxic and non-irritant, has excellent biocompatibility, can be biodegraded and absorbed, is decomposed by enzyme in a living body to finally form carbon dioxide and water, or is degraded into small molecules to be discharged out of the body, and is widely applied in the field of medicines.
The application of the PLA material can realize CO2 emission reduction. PLA can be completely degraded after being abandoned to generate CO2 and H2O, does not pollute the environment, conforms to the requirements of developing the circular economy and realizing the sustainable development in the 21 st century, and is considered as a novel ecological material with the most development prospect in the new century by the industry.
A discarded mask may take hundreds of years to degrade in the natural environment. PLA melt-blown can be degraded and is a main component of degradable plastics, and the non-woven fabric for the polylactic acid industry is a product capable of protecting the global environment better.
The invention is convenient and reliable, and avoids environmental pollution.
Third, as an inventive supplementary proof of the claims of the present invention, there are also presented several important aspects:
(1) The expected income and commercial value after the technical scheme of the invention is converted are as follows:
(2) The technical scheme of the invention fills the technical blank in the industry at home and abroad:
drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a processing method of the novel polylactic acid biodegradable meltblown provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic design diagram of a processing method of the novel polylactic acid biodegradable meltblown provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
This section is an explanatory embodiment expanding on the claims so as to fully understand how the present invention is embodied by those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, the processing method of the novel polylactic acid biodegradable meltblown provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, pre-crystallizing and drying the modified polylactic acid particles by using a circulating drying device;
feeding the modified polylactic acid particles and the modified electret master batch into a screw extruder, operating the screw extruder, and discharging a molten raw material;
filtering the molten polylactic acid melt, metering and discharging by using a metering pump, and distributing to a spinneret plate through a die head;
drafting the fibers by using high-pressure air, discharging redundant gas by using an exhaust device, cooling the cloth by using a cooling device, and forming the cloth by using a cylindrical suction type netting device;
compacting the cloth by using a flat pressing device, and stretching the cloth by using a traction device;
and step six, controlling the ambient temperature of the ambient air conditioner, humidifying the cloth by using a humidifying device, performing charged electret on the cloth by using a high-voltage electret device, and coiling the cloth by using a coiling machine.
The processing method of the novel polylactic acid biodegradable melt-blown fabric provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following specific steps:
1) Preparing raw materials: modified polylactic acid (PLA) particles (polylactic acid is high-melt flow rate polylactic acid, the melt flow rate is 50-150 g/10 min) and modified electret master batches (polylactic acid, stearate and inorganic strong base are mixed according to the mass ratio of (97.5-99.2) to (0.1-2) to (0.1-0.5);
2) Drying raw materials: pre-crystallizing and drying the modified polylactic acid (PLA) particles by using a circulating drying device (at the temperature of 60-110 ℃);
2) Setting extrusion temperature and rotation speed, and operating a screw extruder (melting into polymer at about 220-250 ℃);
3) Setting the ratio (94-98) of modified polylactic acid (PLA) particles to modified electret master batch raw materials: (2-4), adding raw materials;
4) The screw extruder is operated to discharge the molten raw material (molten into polymer at about 200-250 ℃);
5) Filtering the melted polylactic acid (PLA) melt (about 40-100 mu m of a filter screen);
6) Metering and discharging (100 cc/rev 10-35 rpm) by using a metering pump;
7) Is distributed to a spinneret plate (melt-blown into fiber shape at about 200-290 ℃) through a die head;
8) Drafting fiber with high pressure air (the temperature of hot air at two sides of a melt-blown mold head is about 200-310 ℃, and the flow rate of hot air is 1800-2400 m) 3 About/h, and the pressure is about 0.05-0.15 Mpa);
9) Exhausting redundant gas by using an exhaust device (the frequency is 15 Hz-60 Hz);
10 Cooling the cloth by a cooling device (wind speed is 3 m/s-10 m/s, temperature is 10 ℃ -30 ℃);
11 Molding the cloth by a cylindrical suction type web former (suction wind speed of about 3 to 10m/s, receiving distance of about 10 to 60 cm);
12 Compacting the cloth by using a flat pressing device (the pressure is 1 Kpa-5 Kpa);
13 Stretching the cloth with a drawing device (tension 1Kpa to 5 Kpa);
14 Control of ambient temperature (temperature 15-40 ℃ or so) of ambient air conditioner
15 Humidifying the cloth with a humidifying device (humidity is about 30-70%);
16 A high-voltage electret device is used for carrying out charged electret (the voltage is 30KV to 225KV, and the power is 30W to 10 KW) on the cloth;
17 Using a winder to roll the cloth (phi 800 multiplied by 1600, 10-100 m/min, single roller friction type automatic switching winder).
In order to prove the creativity and the technical value of the technical scheme of the invention, the part is the application example of the technical scheme of the claims on specific products or related technologies.
The novel polylactic acid biodegradable melt-blown fabric produced by the processing method of the novel polylactic acid biodegradable melt-blown fabric provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for processing medical and industrial masks. (refer to CN 113068882A full-degradable mask published in 2021, 7, 6 and 2021 and its preparation method)
The embodiment of the invention achieves some positive effects in the process of research and development or use, and has great advantages compared with the prior art, and the following contents are described by combining data, diagrams and the like in the test process.
In application, the invention combines the principle structure of the device and the characteristics of the mask after being made into the mask through a plurality of tests, and has the following effects on the polylactic acid (PLA) melt-blown test:
1. change with time
Polylactic acid (PLA) degradable melt-blown mask and mask are pretreated at high temperature and high humidity, and the performance change is in the required range.
2. Confirming the wearing effect of the mask.
The initial efficiency and resistance and the service life of the mask which is used by polylactic acid (PLA) degradable melt-blown are superior to those of the mask made of common PP melt-blown cloth.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A processing method of novel polylactic acid biodegradable melt-blown fabric is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, pre-crystallizing and drying modified polylactic acid particles by using a circulating drying device;
feeding the modified polylactic acid particles and the modified electret master batch into a screw extruder, operating the screw extruder, and discharging a molten raw material;
filtering the molten polylactic acid melt, metering and discharging by using a metering pump, and distributing to a spinneret plate through a die head;
drafting the fibers by using high-pressure air, discharging redundant gas by using an exhaust device, cooling the cloth by using a cooling device, and forming the cloth by using a cylinder suction type net former;
compacting the cloth by using a flat pressing device, and stretching the cloth by using a traction device;
and step six, controlling the ambient temperature of the ambient air conditioner, humidifying the cloth by using a humidifying device, performing charged electret on the cloth by using a high-voltage electret device, and coiling the cloth by using a coiling machine.
2. The processing method of the novel polylactic acid biodegradable meltblown according to claim 1, wherein the polylactic acid used in the modified polylactic acid particles in the first step is polylactic acid with a high melt flow rate, wherein the melt flow rate is 50-150 g/10min;
the modified electret master batch is prepared by mixing polylactic acid, stearate and inorganic strong base according to the mass ratio of 97.5-99.2: 0.1 to 2:0.1 to 0.5.
3. The method for processing the polylactic acid biodegradable meltblown according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in the first step is 60-110 ℃.
4. The processing method of the novel polylactic acid biodegradable melt-blown fabric according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the modified polylactic acid particles and the modified electret master batch raw materials in the second step is 94-98: 2 to 4.
5. The processing method of the novel polylactic acid biodegradable melt-blown fabric according to claim 1, wherein the molten polylactic acid melt is filtered in the third step by using a filter screen with a pore size of 40-100 μm, the metering pump parameter is 100cc/rev 10-35rpm, and the spinneret plate temperature is 200-290 ℃.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the fourth step is a step of drawing the fiber using high pressure air, and the hot air temperature at both sides of the melt blowing die is 200-310 ℃, and the hot air flow rate is 1800-2400 m 3 H, the pressure is 0.05-0.15 Mpa.
7. The processing method of the novel polylactic acid biodegradable melt-blown fabric according to claim 1, wherein the frequency of the air exhaust device in the fourth step is 15Hz to 60Hz, the air speed of the cooling device is 3m/s to 10m/s, and the temperature is 10 ℃ to 30 ℃; the suction wind speed of the cylinder suction type net former is 3-10 m/s, and the receiving distance is 10-60 cm.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure of the flat pressing device in the fifth step is 1 Kpa-5 Kpa, and the tension of the traction device is 1 Kpa-5 Kpa.
9. The processing method of the novel polylactic acid biodegradable melt-blown fabric according to claim 1, wherein the set temperature in the environmental temperature control of the environmental air conditioner in the sixth step is 15 to 40 ℃, the humidity of the humidifying device is 30 to 70%, the voltage of the high-voltage electret device is 30 to 225KV, and the power is 30W to 10KW.
10. The processing method of the novel polylactic acid biodegradable meltblown fabric according to claim 1, wherein the six-step winder adopts a single-roller friction type automatic switching winder, and the set parameters are phi 800 x 1600 and 10-100 m/min.
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| CN110856780A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2020-03-03 | 东丽纤维研究所（中国）有限公司 | Air filter medium and air filter |
| CN111019233A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-04-17 | 浙江金海环境技术股份有限公司 | Electret film, preparation method, application and air purification device |
| CN112545076A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-26 | 安徽元琛环保科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of degradable photocatalyst antibacterial mask |
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| CN113862818A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-12-31 | 大韩道恩高分子材料(上海)有限公司 | Preparation and application method of electret material for degradable resin |
| CN114108127A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-01 | 中纺院（浙江）技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of degradable melt-blown filter material and its preparation method and application |
| CN114316536A (en) * | 2022-02-08 | 2022-04-12 | 北京纳通医学研究院有限公司 | Melt-blown material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115323614A (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2022-11-11 | 河南省驼人医疗科技有限公司 | Toughness full-degradable polylactic acid melt-blown fabric and preparation method thereof |
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