CN1157188C - 抑制应激活化蛋白激酶的方法 - Google Patents
抑制应激活化蛋白激酶的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1157188C CN1157188C CNB971804397A CN97180439A CN1157188C CN 1157188 C CN1157188 C CN 1157188C CN B971804397 A CNB971804397 A CN B971804397A CN 97180439 A CN97180439 A CN 97180439A CN 1157188 C CN1157188 C CN 1157188C
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- carvedilol
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- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/88—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
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- A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
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Abstract
一种抑制应激活化蛋白激酶(SAPK)的方法,其中包括对需要这种抑制的哺乳动物施用有效量的一种化合物,该化合物是一种双重非选择性的β-肾上腺素受体和α1-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及利用能抑制应激活化蛋白激酶(SAPK)的化合物进行治疗的新方法,该化合物是双重非选择性的β-肾上腺素受体和α1-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂,特别是式I的咔唑基-(4)-氧基丙醇胺化合物,优选卡维地洛(Carvedilol)。本发明还涉及用属于双重非选择性β-肾上腺素受体和α1-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂的化合物,特别是式I的咔唑基-(4)-氧丙醇胺化合物,优选卡维地洛,来治疗由应激活化蛋白激酶介导的疾病。
发明背景
细胞通过活化信号转导途径来响应胞外刺激,终至成为基因表达。真核信号转导的一个重要组成部分是蛋白激酶的活化,该蛋白激酶将细胞底物宿主磷酸化。某些蛋白质丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶为响应细胞应激而向细胞核转导信号。这些激酶被称作应激活化蛋白激酶(SAPK),或者称为c-Jun N-端(氨基端)激酶(JNK),它们很可能在心血管系统的很多组分对疾病过程的遗传响应中起某种作用〔Force等,循环研究(Circulation Research),
78(6):947-953(1996)〕。应激活化蛋白激酶将激活应答编程性细胞死亡(细胞死亡)的基因;SAPK活化发生在编程性细胞死亡开始之前。
令人惊奇的是,现在发现,作为双重非选择性的β-肾上腺素受体和α1-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂的卡维地洛,能抑制应激活化蛋白激酶。这种抑制作用意味着卡维地洛和相关的式I化合物可用于治疗由应激活化蛋白激酶介导的疾病。重要的是,这种抑制作用意味着卡维地洛和相关的式I化合物可用于治疗SAPK诱发的编程性细胞死亡。这种抑制作用还意味着卡维地洛和相关的式I化合物可用于治疗心血管疾病,例如局部缺血、粥样硬化,心力衰竭和再狭窄。
发明概述
本发明提供了一种利用能抑制应激活化蛋白激酶的化合物对哺乳动物(特别是人)进行治疗的新方法,所述化合物是双重非选择性的β-肾上腺素受体和α1-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂,特别是式I的咔唑基-(4)-氧基丙醇胺化合物,优选卡维地洛。本发明还提供了一种用所述化合物治疗应激活化蛋白激酶介导的疾病的方法。另外,本发明还提供了一种用式I化合物治疗SAPK介导的编程性细胞死亡的方法。本发明还提供了一种用双重非选择性的β-肾上腺素受体和α1-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂,特别是卡维地洛,治疗心血管疾病,例如局部缺血、粥样硬化、心力衰竭和血管再造术后再狭窄的方法。
发明详述
本发明提供了一种应用双重非选择性的β-肾上腺素受体和α1-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂化合物抑制应激活化蛋白激酶的新方法。优选的是,本发明提供了一种应用式I化合物或其可药用的盐抑制应激活化蛋白激酶的新方法:
其中:
R7-R13各自独立地是-H或-OH;
A是式II基团:
其中:
R1是氢,最多有6个碳原子的低级烷酰基,或选自苯甲酰基和萘甲酰基的芳酰基;
R2是氢,最多有6个碳原子的低级烷基,或选自苄基、苯乙基和苯丙基的芳基烷基;
R3是氢或最多有6个碳原子的低级烷基;
R4是氢或最多有6个碳原子的低级烷基,或者当X是氧时,R4与R5一起可以代表-CH2-O-;
X是一个单键,-CH2-,氧或硫;
Ar选自苯基、萘基、2,3-二氢化茚基和四氢化萘基;
R5和R6各自选自氢,氟,氯,溴,羟基,最多有6个碳原子的低级烷基,-CONH2-基团,最多有6个碳原子的低级烷氧基,苄氧基,最多有6个碳原子的低级烷硫基,最多有6个碳原子的低级烷基亚磺酰基和最多有6个碳原子的低级烷基磺酰基;或者
R5和R6一起代表亚甲二氧基。
更优选的是,本发明提供了一种利用式III化合物及其可药用的盐抑制应激活化蛋白激酶的新方法:
其中:
R1是氢,最多有6个碳原子的低级烷酰基,或选自苯甲酰基和萘甲酰基的芳酰基;
R2是氢,最多有6个碳原子的低级烷基,或选自苄基、苯乙基和苯丙基的芳烷基;
R3是氢或最多有6个碳原子的低级烷基;
R4是氢或最多有6个碳原子的低级烷基,或者当X是氧时,R4与R5一起可以代表-CH2-O-;
X是一个价键,-CH2-,氧或硫;
Ar选自苯基、萘基、2,3-二氢化茚基和四氢化萘基;
R5和R6各自选自氢,氟,氯,溴,羟基,最多有6个碳原子的低级烷基,-CONH2-基团,最多有6个碳原子的低级烷氧基,苄氧基,最多有6个碳原子的烷硫基,最多有6个碳原子的低级烷基亚磺酰基和最多有6个碳原子的低级烷基磺酰基;或者
R5和R6一起代表亚甲二氧基。
最优选的是,本发明提供了一种应用式IV化合物(最好称之为卡维地洛或1-(咔唑-4-基氧基-3-[[2-(邻甲氧苯氧基)乙基]氨基]-2-丙醇)抑制应激活化蛋白激酶的新方法。
本发明化合物是新型的多功能药物,适合用于治疗轻度至中度高血压。卡维地洛已知是一种竞争性的非选择性β-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂和血管扩张剂,而且在较高浓度下又是钙通道拮抗剂。卡维地洛的血管扩张作用主要通过阻断α1-肾上腺素受体所致,而该药物的β-肾上腺素受体阻断活性在用于治疗高血压时防止了反射性心动过速。卡维地洛的这些多重功能是该药物在动物(尤其是人)中具有抗高血压效力的原因。见Willette,R.N.,Sauermelch,C.F.和Ruffolo,R.R.,Jr.(1990)欧洲药理学杂志(Eur.J.Pharmacol.),
176,237-240;Nichols,A.J.,Gellai,M.和Ruffolo,R.R.,Jr.(1991),.基础临床药理学杂志(Fundam.Clin.Pharmacol.),
5,25-38;Ruffolo,R.R.,Jr.,Gellai,M.,Hieble,J.P.,Willette,R.N.和Nichols,A.J.(1990),欧洲临床药理学杂志(Eur.J.Clin.Pharmacol.)
38,S82-S88;Ruffolo,R.R.,Jr.,Boyle,D.A.,Venuti,R.P.和Lukas.M.A.(1991)今日药物(Drugs ofToday),
27,465-492;以及Yue,T.L.,Cheng.H.,Lysko,P.G.,Mckenna,P.J.,Feuerstein,R.,Gu,J.,Lysko,K.A.,Davis,L.L.和Feuerstein,G.(1992)药理学与实验治疗学杂志(J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.)
263,92-98。
卡维地洛的抗高血压作用主要通过减小总的外周血管阻力起作用,而不会造成其它抗高血压药物通常伴随的心博率的反射性变化。Willette,R.N.等人,同上文献;Nichols,A.J.等人,同上文献;Ruffolo,R.R.,Jr.,Gellai.M.,Hieble,J.P.,Wililette,R.N.和Nichols,A.J.(1990),欧洲临床药理学杂志(Eur.J.Clin.Pharmacol.),
38,S82-S88。卡维地洛还显著地减小急性心肌梗死的鼠、犬和猪的梗死尺寸,〔Ruffolo,R.R.,Jr.等,今日药物(Drugs of Today),同上〕,这可能是由于它在减弱无氧自由基诱发的脂质过氧化作用中的抗氧化剂作用造成的。Yue,T.-L等人,同上文献。
近来发现,作为双重非选择性β-肾上腺素受体和α1-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂的化合物,特别是式I化合物,优选卡维地洛,能抑制应激活化的蛋白激酶。基于这一作用机制,本发明化合物可用于治疗其中抑制应激活化蛋白激酶所指症的疾病。具体地说,本发明化合物,优选卡维地洛,可用于阻断SAPK诱发的编程性细胞死亡,特别是在心肌细胞和神经元细胞中。因此,式I化合物可用于治疗心血管疾病和神经变性疾病。
一些式I化合物已知是卡维地洛的代谢产物。本发明的某些优选的化合物是卡维地洛的代谢产物,即,其中A是式II基团且R7、R9或R10中之一是-OH的式I化合物,其中式II中R1是-H、R2是-H、R3是-H、R4是-H、X是O、Ar是苯基、R5是邻位-OH、R6是-H。
式I化合物可以方便地按照美国专利4,503,067中所述制备。应提到该专利所公开的内容,该专利的全部内容在本申请中引用作为参考。
式I化合物(包括卡维地洛)的药物组合物可以以医学上可接受的任何方式,优选以口服方式,对患者给药。对于非肠道给药,药物组合物应是贮存在合适容器如安瓿瓶中的无菌注射液的形式,或是水或非水悬浮液的形式。药物载体、稀释剂或赋形剂的性质和组成当然要取决于预定的用药途径,例如是静脉内注射或是肌内注射。
按照本发明使用的式I化合物的药物组合物可以配制成用于非肠道给药的溶液或冷冻干燥的粉末。粉末可以通过在使用前加入合适的稀释剂或其它可药用的载体进行再构建。液体制剂一般是缓冲的等渗水溶液。合适的稀释剂实例是标准的等渗的生理盐水溶液,标准的5%葡萄糖水溶液或缓冲的乙酸钠或乙酸铵溶液。这些制剂特别适合非肠道给药,但也可以用于口服给药,或者装在计量剂量的吸入器或喷雾器中用于吹入给药。其中最好加入赋形剂例如乙醇,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、明胶,羟基纤维素,阿拉伯胶,聚乙二醇,甘露醇,氯化钠或柠檬酸钠。
另一方面,这些化合物可以包封、压片或制备成乳状液或糖浆形式用于口服给药。可以加入可药用的固体或液体载体以增强或稳定组合物,或是方便组合物的制备。液体载体包括糖浆、花生油、橄榄油、甘油、盐水、乙醇和水。固体载体包括淀粉、乳糖、二水合硫酸钙、石膏粉、硬脂酸镁或硬脂酸、滑石、果胶、阿拉伯胶、琼脂或明胶。载体也可以包括持续释放的物质,例如甘油基单硬脂酸酯或甘油基二硬脂酸酯,它们可以单独使用或与蜡一起使用。固体载体的量可以变化,但优选为每剂量单位约20mg至约1g。药剂制备按照药剂学的常规步骤进行,包括研磨、混合、成粒以及必要时(对于片剂形式)压制;对于硬明胶胶囊形式,包括研磨、混合和填充。当使用液体载体时,制剂采用糖浆、酏剂、乳液或者水基或非水基悬浮液的形式。这种液体制剂可以直接口服或装入软明胶胶囊中。
根据本发明,用于治疗人类疾病时的剂量应不超过约3.125-约50mg式I化合物,特别是卡维地洛,最好每天给药二次。本领域普通技术人员容易理解,患者应从低剂量的所需式I化合物(特别是卡维地洛)开始,并监视对这类化合物的众所周知的不耐性症状,例如晕厥。一旦发现患者可耐受这类化合物,则应将患者慢慢和渐增地提高到维持剂量。对具体患者的最适当的初始剂量的选择由专业人员应用公知的药学原则(包括但不限于体重)来确定。如果患者显示出药学上可接受的对化合物的耐性已有两周,则在两周结束时将剂量加倍,并使患者保持此新的高剂量两周,观察不耐性的征兆。继续此过程直到患者被提高到维持剂量。
应该理解,在本发明组合物中使用的化合物的实际优选剂量将根据被配制的具体组合物、用药方式、具体的给药部位和所治疗的宿主情况而变。
在根据本发明使用式I化合物,包括式II化合物时,预期不会有不可接受的毒理作用。
下面的实验并不是用来限制本发明的范围,而是用来说明如何使用本发明化合物。对于本领域的技术人员,显然会有很多其它的实施方案。
实验
心灌注和组织提取
将雄性新西兰白兔(2.5-3.1kg)用戊巴比妥钠麻醉(10mg/kg),快速取出心脏,放在补加了10mM葡萄糖冷的Kerbs-Henseleit碳酸氢钠缓冲盐水中,并用95%O2/5%CO2乎衡。灌注液和心脏的温度保持在37℃。在平衡20分钟后,除非另外说明,均通过断开灌注泵使用灌注中断30分钟,从而使用心脏全面缺血。重新起动该泵开始再灌注。通过注射泵输注卡维地洛或心得安(propanolol),使最终浓度为10μM或为再灌注开始时指示的浓度。对照的心脏在预先的平衡后不中断灌注液流动地进行灌注,直至50分钟。在灌注期结束时,用在液N2中预冷的铝钳将心室“冷冻夹心”,在液N2下粉碎。将该粉末重新悬浮于冰冷的细胞裂解缓冲液中。提取物在4℃下培养5分钟。保留洗涤剂可溶的上清液级分,测定蛋白质含量。
应激活化蛋白激酶(SAPK/JNK)分析
根据Hibi等(14)所述的方法制备融合蛋白GST-c-Jun(1-81)。具有编码人c-Jun氨基酸1-81的序列的cDNA克隆由Human GenomeSciences(HGS)(Gaithesberg,MD)提供,并亚克隆到pGEX4T-3之中,其中包含一个编码谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)的DNA序列。GST-cJun表达载体pGEX4T3/C-Jun被转移到大肠杆菌中。GST-c-Jun(1-81)融合蛋白的表达由异丙基-β-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导。将大肠杆菌裂解并离心。融合蛋白GST-c-Jun(1-81)用谷胱甘肽-琼脂糖凝胶(Sepharose)层析法纯化。
SAPK/JNK试验
为了分析与c-Jun结合的蛋白激酶(“折毁”试验),向4μl GST-c-Jun(1-81)中加入洗涤剂可溶的提取物(100μl,0.5mg蛋白质)。在温育(4℃,1小时)之后,加入谷胱甘肽-Sepharose,在混合下继续培养(4℃,1小时)。沉降物依次在含75mmol/L NaCl的裂解缓冲液A,含75mmol/L NaCl和0.05%(v/v)Triton X-100的缓冲液A(mmol/L:HEPES 20,MgCl2 2.5,EDTA 0.1,β-甘油磷酸酯20,pH7.7),和缓冲液A本身中洗涤。用含20μmol/L ATP和1-2μCi[y-32P]ATP(Amersham International)的30μl激酶分析缓冲液(mmol/L:HEPES 20,MgCl2 20,β-甘油磷酸酯20,DTT2,Na3VO4 0.1,pH7.6)引发JNK/SAPK对GST-c-Jun 1-81的磷酸化。在30℃下20分钟后,利用离心使反应终止。沉降物在含75mmol/LNaCl和0.05%(v/v)Triton X-100的冷缓冲液A中洗。沉降物中的磷酸化蛋白通过在SDS-PAGE样品缓冲液中沸腾来洗脱,然后用SDS-PAGE分离。将凝胶用考马斯蓝染色以鉴定46-KD GST-c-Jun 1-81。在放射自显影之后,使用Phosplorlmager定量确定c-Jun 1-81的谱带强度。
结果
如图1所示,缺血-再灌注以与时间有关的方式活化SAPK,并在再灌注20分钟后达到峰值。
在再灌注开始时施用卡维地洛,在1和10μM的情形分别减小SAPK的活化51.2%和30.7%。在同样的条件下,如图2所示,心得安在10μM时对于缺血-再灌注引起的SAPK活化无作用。
以上是对本发明化合物的应用的示例说明。但是,本发明不受这里所述的具体的实施方案的限制,而且将把属于下面权利要求范围内的所有变动都包括在内。
Claims (4)
1.一种卡维地洛在制造用于抑制应激活化蛋白激酶(SAPK)的药物中的应用。
2.一种卡维地洛在制造用于治疗SAPK介导的疾病的药物中的应用。
3.一种卡维地洛在制造用于治疗其中需要抑制SAPK诱发的编程性细胞死亡的疾病药物中的应用。
4.一种卡维地洛在制造用于阻断SAPK诱发的心肌细胞编程性细胞死亡的药物中的应用。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US2845996P | 1996-10-09 | 1996-10-09 | |
US60/028,459 | 1996-10-09 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1239888A CN1239888A (zh) | 1999-12-29 |
CN1157188C true CN1157188C (zh) | 2004-07-14 |
Family
ID=21843560
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CNB971804397A Expired - Fee Related CN1157188C (zh) | 1996-10-09 | 1997-10-09 | 抑制应激活化蛋白激酶的方法 |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6214854B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0946172A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2002512591A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20000048967A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1157188C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU4751897A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9712283A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2267967A1 (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ123099A3 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL129326A0 (zh) |
NO (1) | NO991655L (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ335080A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL332638A1 (zh) |
TR (1) | TR199900762T2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1998015272A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA979055B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6921773B2 (en) | 1999-12-07 | 2005-07-26 | Duke University | Use of α-1AR subtype-selective drugs in patients with acute myocardial infarction |
US8101209B2 (en) * | 2001-10-09 | 2012-01-24 | Flamel Technologies | Microparticulate oral galenical form for the delayed and controlled release of pharmaceutical active principles |
WO2003092622A2 (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2003-11-13 | Sb Pharmco Puerto Rico Inc. | Carvedilol monocitrate monohydrate |
EP1534270A4 (en) * | 2002-06-27 | 2006-05-17 | Sb Pharmco Inc | CARVEDILOL PHOSPHATE SALTS AND / OR ITS SOLVENTS, CORRESPONDING COMPOSITIONS AND / OR TREATMENT PROCEDURES |
US20050261355A1 (en) * | 2002-06-27 | 2005-11-24 | Sb Pharmco Puerto Rico Inc., | Carvedilol hydobromide |
CA2525647A1 (en) | 2003-05-16 | 2005-02-24 | Intermune, Inc. | Synthetic chemokine receptor ligands and methods of use thereof |
KR100853579B1 (ko) | 2003-10-14 | 2008-08-21 | 인터뮨, 인크. | Hcv 복제 억제제로서 거대고리 카르복실산 및아실술폰아미드 |
WO2005040758A2 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2005-05-06 | Intermune, Inc. | Use of pirfenidone in therapeutic regimens |
WO2005051322A2 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2005-06-09 | Sb Pharmco Puerto Rico Inc. | Controlled release pharmaceutical formulations comprising carvedilol, free based and its salts |
JP2007512350A (ja) * | 2003-11-25 | 2007-05-17 | エスビー・ファルムコ・プエルト・リコ・インコーポレイテッド | カルベジロール組成物の治療および送達方法 |
US7750036B2 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2010-07-06 | Sb Pharmco Puerto Rico Inc. | Carvedilol salts, corresponding compositions, methods of delivery and/or treatment |
US7597884B2 (en) | 2004-08-09 | 2009-10-06 | Alios Biopharma, Inc. | Hyperglycosylated polypeptide variants and methods of use |
JP2008513356A (ja) * | 2004-08-09 | 2008-05-01 | アリオス バイオファーマ インク. | 合成高度糖鎖付加プロテアーゼ耐性ポリペプチド変異体、それを使用する経口製剤および方法 |
WO2015031914A1 (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-05 | Uti Limited Partnership | Store overload-induced calcium release inhibitors and methods for producing and using the same |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE2815926A1 (de) * | 1978-04-13 | 1979-10-18 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Neue carbazolyl-(4)-oxy-propanolamin-derivate, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und diese verbindungen enthaltende arzneimittel |
US5405863A (en) | 1992-12-01 | 1995-04-11 | Smithkline Beecham Corporation | Antioxidant cardioprotective use of, and method of treatment using, hydroxycarbazole compounds |
US5308862A (en) | 1993-03-05 | 1994-05-03 | Boehringer Mannheim Pharmaceuticals Corporation - Smithkline Beecham Corp., Ltd. Partnership No. 1 | Use of, and method of treatment using, carbazolyl-(4)-oxypropanolamine compounds for inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation |
US5393772A (en) * | 1993-11-24 | 1995-02-28 | Boehringer Mannheim Pharmaceuticals Corporation | Use of, and method of treatment using, hydroxycarbazole compounds for inhibition of smooth muscle migration and proliferation |
US5760069A (en) * | 1995-02-08 | 1998-06-02 | Boehringer Mannheim Pharmaceuticals Corporation-Smithkline Beecham Corporation Limited Partnership #1 | Method of treatment for decreasing mortality resulting from congestive heart failure |
US5643915A (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1997-07-01 | Andrulis Pharmaceuticals Corp. | Treatment of ischemia/reperfusion injury with thalidomide alone or in combination with other therapies |
-
1997
- 1997-10-09 ZA ZA979055A patent/ZA979055B/xx unknown
- 1997-10-09 KR KR1019990703015A patent/KR20000048967A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-10-09 NZ NZ335080A patent/NZ335080A/xx unknown
- 1997-10-09 JP JP51775498A patent/JP2002512591A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1997-10-09 PL PL97332638A patent/PL332638A1/xx unknown
- 1997-10-09 TR TR1999/00762T patent/TR199900762T2/xx unknown
- 1997-10-09 CA CA002267967A patent/CA2267967A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-10-09 CZ CZ991230A patent/CZ123099A3/cs unknown
- 1997-10-09 CN CNB971804397A patent/CN1157188C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-10-09 EP EP97910045A patent/EP0946172A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-10-09 IL IL12932697A patent/IL129326A0/xx unknown
- 1997-10-09 BR BR9712283-1A patent/BR9712283A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-10-09 WO PCT/US1997/018272 patent/WO1998015272A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-10-09 AU AU47518/97A patent/AU4751897A/en not_active Abandoned
-
1999
- 1999-04-08 NO NO991655A patent/NO991655L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-12-08 US US09/456,866 patent/US6214854B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL129326A0 (en) | 2000-02-17 |
CZ123099A3 (cs) | 1999-11-17 |
EP0946172A1 (en) | 1999-10-06 |
JP2002512591A (ja) | 2002-04-23 |
NZ335080A (en) | 2000-04-28 |
BR9712283A (pt) | 1999-08-31 |
US6214854B1 (en) | 2001-04-10 |
CA2267967A1 (en) | 1998-04-16 |
AU4751897A (en) | 1998-05-05 |
NO991655L (no) | 1999-06-08 |
EP0946172A4 (en) | 2002-05-22 |
WO1998015272A8 (en) | 2000-03-23 |
NO991655D0 (no) | 1999-04-08 |
TR199900762T2 (xx) | 1999-07-21 |
PL332638A1 (en) | 1999-09-27 |
ZA979055B (en) | 1999-05-10 |
CN1239888A (zh) | 1999-12-29 |
WO1998015272A1 (en) | 1998-04-16 |
KR20000048967A (ko) | 2000-07-25 |
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