CN115712181B - Low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve, optical cable, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve, optical cable, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115712181B CN115712181B CN202211300292.1A CN202211300292A CN115712181B CN 115712181 B CN115712181 B CN 115712181B CN 202211300292 A CN202211300292 A CN 202211300292A CN 115712181 B CN115712181 B CN 115712181B
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
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- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- XYWDBAKATHNVAA-YZXKGSGOSA-N (2r,3s,6r,8r,10s)-2-[(2s)-butan-2-yl]-8-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-10-ol Chemical compound C1C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@@]21O[C@H](CCO)C[C@H](O)C2 XYWDBAKATHNVAA-YZXKGSGOSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Inorganic materials O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
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- Surface Treatment Of Glass Fibres Or Filaments (AREA)
- Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve, an optical cable, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of optical cable preparation, wherein the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve comprises a PBT matrix and a flame-retardant matrix according to material componentsThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The flame-retardant matrix comprises nano-Sb 2 O 3 Particles and BEO, the nano-Sb 2 O 3 1-5wt% of the PBT matrix, and 12-16wt% of the BEO; the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve is compression molded between at least two traction mechanisms with differential speed, so that the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve is axially compressed in the traction and stretching process. According to the method, the traction mechanism with the differential speed is utilized to compress the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve in the traction forming process of the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve, so that the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve obtained by forming is already compressed, and the retraction problem of the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve in the using process is further reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical cable preparation, and particularly relates to a low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve, an optical cable, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The central beam tube type optical cable is widely popular for users for many years due to the advantages of small structure, light weight, low cost, convenient use and the like, and is widely used in pipelines and overhead optical communication lines.
In actual line engineering construction and maintenance, the PBT tube-coated optical fiber of the central beam tube type optical cable is retracted in the joint box, the retraction length is up to several centimeters to tens of centimeters, the retraction occurrence time is sometimes after the optical cable erection and the joint welding are completed for several days, and sometimes after the engineering is completed and accepted for several months. The severe retraction condition can even cause the PBT pipe coated optical fiber to slide down from the optical fiber connector fixing plate, so that the bare optical fiber near the PBT pipe orifice is severely bent at the PBT pipe sliding position, the loss is greatly increased, and even the problem of line fault caused by optical fiber breakage caused by shearing of the PBT pipe sliding down and the optical fiber connector fixing plate occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
In response to one or more of the above-identified deficiencies or improvements in the prior art, the present invention provides a low-profile flame retardant jacket for solving the problem of macrobend loss of an optical fiber due to shrinkage of the jacket during use of an existing optical cable.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the invention provides a low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve, which comprises a sleeve matrix and a flame-retardant matrix according to the material composition;
wherein the flame-retardant matrix comprises nano-Sb 2 O 3 Particles and BEO, the nano-Sb 2 O 3 1-5wt% of the sleeve matrix, and 12-16wt% of the BEO;
the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve is compression molded between at least two traction mechanisms with differential speed, so that the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve is axially compressed in the traction and stretching process.
As a further improvement of the invention, the sleeve matrix comprises phthalic acid, butanediol, spiro diol and tetrabutyl titanate according to the material components, and the weight ratio of the components is as follows: 1750:1750:450:1.
As a further improvement of the invention, the linear speed difference of the two traction mechanisms with the differential speed is 0.1% -2%.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the low-shrinkage flame retardant sleeve has an axial shrinkage of not more than 0.7 per mill at not more than 70 ℃ for 120 hours.
As a further improvement of the invention, the axial shrinkage rate of the low-shrinkage flame-retardant sleeve is not more than 0.5 per mill within 120 hours at the temperature of not more than 23 ℃.
As a further improvement of the invention, the BEO has an average molecular weight of 8000-20000 and a bromine content of 48-54%.
The present application also includes a low-profile flame retardant fiber optic cable comprising:
the optical fiber component is coated with the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve, and the periphery of the flame-retardant sleeve is coated with an outer sheath.
As a further improvement of the invention, a water-resistant layer is also arranged between the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve and the outer sheath, and at least one stripping rope is embedded in the outer sheath along the axial direction.
The application also includes a preparation method of the low-retraction flame-retardant optical cable, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, pulling an optical fiber element;
s2, extruding and forming a low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve on the periphery of the optical fiber element;
s3, setting the traction speed of a first traction mechanism and a second traction mechanism, and carrying out traction along the extrusion direction of the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve, wherein the traction speed of the first traction mechanism is greater than that of the second traction mechanism;
s4, cooling and molding the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve after the first traction mechanism and the second traction mechanism are subjected to traction;
s5, arranging an outer sheath outside the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve.
As a further improvement of the invention, the preparation of the sheath material in the S2 low-retraction flame retardant sheath comprises the following steps:
mixing phthalic acid, butanediol, spiro diol and tetrabutyl titanate according to the mass ratio of 1750:1750:450:1 to obtain a PBT matrix, and adding nano-Sb accounting for 1-5wt% of the PBT matrix 2 O 3 The particles and 12-16wt% of BEO of the PBT matrix are reacted in the PBT matrix at 220-260 ℃ in a vacuum reaction kettle.
As a further improvement of the invention, the difference between the traction speed of the first traction mechanism and the speed of the second traction mechanism is 0.1% -0.5%.
As a further improvement of the invention, the first traction mechanisms are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve in pairs, and the vertical distance between the two first traction mechanisms is 0.1-0.2 mm larger than the diameter of the sleeve.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the radial pressure of the first traction mechanism and the second traction mechanism on the low-retraction flame retardant sleeve is the same.
The application also comprises application of the low-retraction flame-retardant optical cable in the full-dry low-retraction flame-retardant optical cable.
The above-mentioned improved technical features can be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention have the beneficial effects compared with the prior art including:
(1) The low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve of the invention is prepared by adding nano-Sb in the preparation process 2 O 3 Particles and BEO to increase the crystallization and flame retardant properties of low-shrinkage flame retardant bushings, nano-Sb 2 O 3 So that the glass has better crystallization performance and avoids the problem of secondary retraction in the use process; the BEO can increase the flame retardant property of the low-retraction flame retardant sleeve, and the sleeve structure with the low-retraction property and the flame retardant property is obtained through the adding proportion of the BEO and the BEO. Meanwhile, in the traction forming process of the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve, the traction mechanism with the differential speed is utilized to compress the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve in the stretch forming process, so that the formed low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve is compressed, and the retraction problem of the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve in the use process is further reduced.
(2) According to the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve, the traction speed difference between the two traction mechanisms is controlled to be 0.1% -2%, so that the problem that the latter traction mechanism presses and spans wires in the forming process is avoided due to the fact that the speed difference is too large, the problem that the residual length of a subsequent optical cable is too large due to the fact that the traction speeds of the two traction mechanisms are too balanced is avoided, the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve has a good shrinkage ratio, and secondary shrinkage in the use process is greatly reduced.
(3) According to the preparation method of the low-retraction flame-retardant optical cable, the first traction mechanism and the second traction mechanism are controlled in traction speed, so that the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve is formed on the periphery of the optical fiber or the optical fiber bundle, and the first traction mechanism does not squeeze the sleeve when the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve is drawn and stretched by limiting the vertical distance between the first traction mechanisms, so that the compression molding failure of the sleeve caused by adhesion of the unshaped sleeve and the optical fiber or the optical fiber bundle is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a low-profile flame-retardant fiber optic cable according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structures of the first traction mechanism and the second traction mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structures of the first traction mechanism and the second traction mechanism according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the shrinkage of a sleeve over time in an embodiment of the present invention.
Like reference numerals denote like technical features throughout the drawings, in particular: 1. an optical fiber element; 2. a low-retract flame retardant sleeve; 3. a water blocking layer; 4. stripping ropes; 5. an outer sheath; 6. a first traction mechanism; 7. a second traction mechanism.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the low-retraction flame retardant optical cable according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes an optical unit, and an outer sheath 5 disposed at the periphery of the optical unit; the optical unit comprises an optical fiber element 1, the optical fiber element 1 specifically comprises an optical fiber, an optical fiber bundle or an optical fiber ribbon, a low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve 2 is arranged on the periphery of the optical fiber element 1, and the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve 2 has low retraction performance, so that the axial shrinkage rate of the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve 2 is not more than 0.7 per mill under the use environment of not more than 70 ℃.
Further, in order to facilitate the use of the low-retraction flame-retardant optical cable, a water-blocking layer 3 is arranged between the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve 2 and the outer sheath 5, and the water-blocking layer 3 can be water-blocking paste, water-blocking yarn, water-blocking tape or water-blocking powder. For the flame-retardant effect of the optical cable, the smaller the heat release and smoke release of the combustible are, the better the flame-retardant performance of the optical cable is. For the beam tube optical cable, the above forms can meet the water blocking requirement. Empirically, however, heat release and smoke release amounts: water-resistant powder is less than water-resistant yarn (polyester or nylon yarn substrate plus water-absorbent expansion fiber or expansion powder of polyacrylate), water-resistant tape is less than water-resistant paste. In order to achieve the best flame-retardant effect, the water-blocking layer 3 is preferably water-blocking powder, water-blocking yarns are selected for the second time, water-blocking strips are used for the second time, and water-blocking paste is finally used for the third time.
Further, the low-retraction flame-retardant optical cable is applied to a full-dry low-retraction flame-retardant optical cable, namely, the water-resistant layer 3 is water-resistant yarn or water-resistant powder, compared with an ointment filling type optical cable, the low-retraction flame-retardant optical cable has fewer combustible matters and lower smoke yield, can enable the whole optical cable to reach a higher flame-retardant grade, can save the cleaning time of the optical cable after stripping, improves the construction efficiency, and is beneficial to environmental protection.
As another reason for the application of the low-profile flame-retardant fiber optic cable in the present application in all-dry low-profile flame-retardant fiber optic cables. The traditional ointment filling type sleeve has the function of water blocking, and also has the functions of lubricating and suspending optical fibers. When the sleeve is used, retraction occurs, and the length of the optical fiber is obviously larger than that of the sleeve, namely the residual length of the optical fiber in the sleeve is increased, so that the optical fiber is extruded and bent in the sleeve, the attenuation of the optical fiber is increased, and at the moment, the ointment can play a role in buffering and fixing the optical fiber to prevent the optical fiber from being bent under transition stress, and the attenuation coefficient of the optical fiber is reduced. Based on the above, when the low-retraction flame-retardant optical cable is applied to the full-dry low-retraction flame-retardant optical cable, the shrinkage rate of the sleeve in the use state is reduced as much as possible, so that the normal transmission of signals in the optical fiber is ensured.
Optionally, one or more stripping ropes 4 are arranged in the outer sheath 5 to facilitate stripping of the optical cable.
Optionally, at least one reinforcing core is further disposed in the outer jacket 5, where the reinforcing core is one of the fixing components of the optical cable structure and can bear tensile and compressive forces of the optical cable to reduce the problem of stretching of the optical cable during use, and the reinforcing core is preferably one of a steel wire, an FRP rod, and an aramid fiber. Preferably, the strength cores are arranged in pairs within the outer jacket 5 to improve the stability of the cable after routing.
Preferably, the outer sheath 5 in the present application is also made of a flame retardant material, which is preferably a low smoke zero halogen flame retardant material (LSZH), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), flame retardant polyethylene, etc.
Further, the low-shrinkage flame-retardant optical cable has a core of a flame-retardant sleeve with lower shrinkage in a use state, and the low-shrinkage flame-retardant sleeve 2 is preferably a PBT (polybutylene terephthalate) preparation sleeve with higher glass transition temperature. Specifically, the preparation raw materials comprise phthalic acid, butanediol and spiroglycol, tetrabutyl titanate is used as a catalyst for preparation, and the mass ratio of the tetrabutyl titanate to the catalyst is 1750:1750:450:1.
Preferably, in order to improve the flame retardant performance of the low-retraction flame retardant sleeve 2, nano-Sb is also added in the preparation process of the low-retraction flame retardant sleeve 2 2 O 3 Particles and BEO (brominated epoxy resin). In particular nano-Sb 2 O 3 The addition amount of the particles accounts for 1-5wt% of the total mass of the phthalic acid, the butanediol, the spiroglycol and the tetrabutyl titanate; the BEO accounts for 12-16% of the total mass of the phthalic acid, the butanediol, the spiroglycol and the tetrabutyl titanate.
nano-Sb as described above 2 O 3 At an addition level of the particles of 5wt% or more, the central particles thereof as a nucleating agent tend to be saturated, the effect thereof as induced crystallization tends to be reduced, and it is difficult to disperse to start agglomeration, resulting in the start of reduction of crystallinity of the PBT sleeve. Therefore, strict control of nano-Sb is required 2 O 3 The amount of the particles used.
The BEO (brominated epoxy resin) is used as a flame retardant, is used as an amorphous material, has a softening temperature of 155 ℃, can limit the activity of molecular chains of PBT when the PBT is crystallized, so as to slow down the growth speed of PBT crystal nuclei, and obviously reduce the diffusion and regular accumulation speeds of the PBT molecular chain fragments to the crystal nuclei, thereby reducing the crystallinity of the PBT, and the use amount of the BEO needs to be strictly controlled when ensuring the flame retardant effect. In a preferred embodiment, the BEO has an average molecular weight of 8000 to 20000 and a bromine content of 48 to 54% as a flame retardant.
The application discloses a preparation process of the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve 2, which comprises the following steps:
s1, taking phthalic acid and butanediol as main reaction raw materials, adding spiroglycol, adding tetrabutyl titanate as a catalyst to obtain a PBT matrix material, and adding nano-Sb into the PBT matrix material 2 O 3 Particles and BEO; and (3) performing polycondensation reaction in a vacuum reaction kettle at the reaction temperature of 220-260 ℃ to obtain the flame-retardant matrix material.
S2, extruding the flame-retardant matrix material through an extruder head to form a sleeve structure, and sequentially arranging a first traction mechanism 6 and a second traction mechanism 7 in the traction direction of the sleeve. The traction speed of the first traction mechanism 6 is larger than that of the second traction mechanism 7, and the traction linear speed difference between the first traction mechanism 6 and the second traction mechanism 7 is 0.1% -2%.
This application is through producing the speed difference between first traction mechanism 6 and second traction mechanism 7, the sleeve pipe that extrudees when the extruder head is first stretched by first traction mechanism 6, and because the traction rate of first traction mechanism 6 is greater than second traction mechanism 7 speed for the sleeve pipe that is located between first traction mechanism 6 and the second traction mechanism 7 is compressed moulding, the sleeve pipe between first traction mechanism 6 and the second traction mechanism 7 receives axial extrusion force, and this sleeve pipe structure is compressed moulding in advance at the shaping stage promptly, reduces its shrinkage factor, has avoided the problem of sleeve pipe secondary shrink in the use.
The low-retraction flame retardant sleeve 2 prepared in the above manner is subjected to a non-isothermal crystallization test by DSC, and 16w is addedWith the addition of t% BEO flame retardant, 3wt% nano-Sb was added 2 O 3 PBT/BEO composites with particles compared to no nano-Sb 2 O 3 The crystallinity of the PBT flame-retardant composite material is improved by 11%, and the crystallinity of the PBT flame-retardant composite material is higher than that of a pure PBT material. And, under the addition of 16wt% BEO flame retardant, 5wt% nano-Sb is added 2 O 3 The limiting oxygen index of the granular PBT/BEO composite material can be increased from 22.9% to 29.8% compared with pure PBT, and the average heat release rate, the peak heat release rate and the reduction rate of the total heat release rate of the material are 57.6%, 75.5% and 43.7%, respectively. It can be seen that the low-retraction flame retardant sleeve 2 prepared in the application has better flame retardant property.
It should be noted that, in the present application, the difference of the traction speeds of the first traction mechanism 6 and the second traction mechanism 7 is not simply controlled, when the difference of the speeds is too large, the surplus length of the optical fiber is smaller, and the second traction mechanism 7 has the problems of wire pressing and wire crossing, so that the low-retraction flame retardant sleeve 2 cannot be formed on the periphery of the optical fiber element 1; when the speed difference between the two is too small, the surplus length of the optical cable is too large, namely the optical cable still can shrink for the second time in the use process, and the problem of transmission loss is caused. Therefore, the setting of the speed difference between the two traction mechanisms in the application is obtained by taking the multi-conditions of the preparation molding, the material selection, the material proportioning, the molding temperature and the like of the low-shrinkage flame-retardant sleeve 2 into consideration, so as to obtain the sleeve with lower shrinkage rate in the use process.
Further preferably, the second traction means 7 in the present application is a traction wheel in a conventional extrusion process, and the first traction means 6 is a traction means that can act as traction, optionally comprising a belt traction means and a traction wheel similar to the second traction means 7, as shown in fig. 2, 3. Preferably, the first traction mechanisms 6 are arranged in pairs and are respectively positioned at the upper side and the lower side of the low-retraction flame retardant sleeve 2 so as to ensure that the low-retraction flame retardant sleeve 2 is uniformly retracted in the axial direction.
Further preferably, the difference in the pulling linear velocity between the first pulling mechanism 6 and the second pulling mechanism 7 is 0.1% to 2%, preferably 0.1% to 0.5%. For convenience of production, in the actual production process of the sleeve, the linear speed difference between the first traction mechanism 6 and the second traction mechanism 7 is usually seldom adjusted, which is usually already set at the beginning of production, and the pressing force is set on the sleeve by adjusting the two traction mechanisms. In general, when the first traction mechanisms 6 are arranged in pairs, the smaller the gap between the two first traction mechanisms 6 is, the larger the contact surface between the sleeve and the first traction mechanisms 6 is, and the larger the friction force between the sleeve and the first traction mechanisms 6 is. The more fully the sleeve is compressed when the sleeve is compressed by the two traction mechanism linear speed differences. However, the first traction mechanism 6 excessively compresses the sleeve, which causes the sleeve to be deformed by compression, so that the gap width between the traction mechanisms needs to be strictly controlled.
Further, in the present application, the pulling linear velocity of the first pulling mechanism 6 is adjusted according to the linear velocity of the second pulling mechanism 7, and the second pulling mechanism 7 is selected according to the size parameter of the produced optical cable. The selection of the traction rate of the second traction mechanism 7 is in a conventional arrangement and will not be described in detail here.
Further preferably, a cooling forming mechanism, preferably a cooling water tank, is provided behind the second traction mechanism 7, that is, the shrink-formed sheath is cooled and formed.
Further, the sleeve produced in the preparation process of the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve 2 can be directly molded on the periphery of the optical fiber element 1, and the low-retraction flame-retardant loose sleeve structure can also be prepared.
Further, the application includes a process for preparing the low-retraction flame retardant sleeve 2: the device is realized at least through an extruder head, a first traction mechanism 6 and a second traction mechanism 7, wherein the extruder head, the first traction mechanism 6 and the second traction mechanism 7 are sequentially arranged, and the traction rate of the first traction mechanism 6 is larger than that of the second traction mechanism 7. Specifically, after the sheath is extruded and molded by the extruder head, the sheath is pulled by the first traction mechanism 6, and then the stretched sheath pulled by the first traction mechanism 6 is pulled and contracted by the second traction mechanism 7, so that the sleeve with smaller shrinkage rate after molding is obtained.
Preferably, the sheath after the second traction mechanism 7 is drawn and contracted also needs to be subjected to a cooling and shaping process.
The low-shrinkage flame-retardant sleeve 2 is not limited to the PBT sleeve, and may be other sleeve structures with shrinkage performance, such as PP sleeve, PP/PC double-layer sleeve, PBT/PC double-layer sleeve, and the like. Wherein the retraction amount of the loose sleeve produced by PP is 5.1 per mill at maximum, and the maximum retraction rate of the PP/PC double-layer sleeve and the PBT/PC double-layer sleeve is 3.8 per mill. The glass transition temperature of the sleeve material is lower than the storage temperature and the use temperature of the optical cable (the application is simulated in a 70 ℃ environment), namely the problem that secondary crystallization can occur in the use process to cause sleeve retraction. Therefore, when the shrink sleeve of different types is prepared, the linear speed difference between the first traction mechanism 6 and the second traction mechanism 7 can be correspondingly adjusted according to the requirement, so that the shrink sleeve of different types can be shrink-molded, and the shrink problem in the use process is reduced.
Further, the application is directed to a preparation process of the low-retraction flame-retardant optical cable, which is realized through an extrusion production line, and specifically comprises an extruder head, a first traction mechanism 6 and a second traction mechanism 7 which are sequentially arranged.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, pulling an optical fiber element 1;
s2, extruding and molding a low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve 2 on the periphery of the optical fiber element 1;
s3, setting the traction speed of the first traction mechanism 6 and the second traction mechanism 7 so that the traction speed of the first traction mechanism 6 is larger than the traction speed of the second traction mechanism 7; the first traction mechanism 6 and the second traction mechanism 7 respectively drag the low-retraction flame retardant sleeve 2;
s4, cooling and forming the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve 2 after the first traction mechanism 6 and the second traction mechanism 7 are in traction;
and S4, sleeving an outer sheath 5 outside the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve 2 to obtain the low-retraction flame-retardant optical cable.
It should be noted that, instead of using two traction mechanisms with speed differences for traction, the first traction mechanism 6 and the second traction mechanism 7 may be implemented by other types of traction mechanisms with speed differences between an inlet end and an outlet end, that is, by generating a traction speed difference outside the flame-retardant sleeve to implement the shrinkage molding of the flame-retardant sleeve, which is within the scope of protection in the present application.
Further, the outer circumference of the low-retraction flame retardant sleeve 2 extruded by the extruder head is tangent to the contact surfaces of the first traction mechanism 6 and the second traction mechanism 7 respectively, namely the low-retraction flame retardant sleeve 2 is not flattened and deformed in the radial direction by the first traction mechanism 6 and the second traction mechanism 7 after being extruded.
Further, the first traction mechanisms 6 are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the extrusion direction of the low-retraction flame retardant sleeve 2 in pairs, and a gap between the two first traction mechanisms 6 is the diameter D+0.1-0.2 mm of the sleeve. The two first traction mechanisms 6 at the clearance distance are in a right contact state with the sleeve, and at the moment, the first traction mechanisms 6 have the capability of driving the sleeve to draw. When the first traction mechanism 6 and the second traction mechanism 7 are utilized to form a traction speed difference to shrink and mold the low-retraction flame retardant sleeve 2, the traction direction of the low-retraction flame retardant sleeve 2 by the two traction mechanisms needs to be strictly controlled.
Alternatively, the extrusion direction of the extruder head is kept in line with the traction direction of the first traction mechanism 6 and the traction direction of the second traction mechanism 7. When the radial pressure of the first traction mechanism 6 and the second traction mechanism 7 to the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve 2 is unequal, the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve 2 is transported in an inclined angle, the residual length of the optical fiber is out of control, the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve 2 is not molded, the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve 2 is easy to cling to and adhere to the optical fiber element 1, the situation that the axial direction of the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve 2 cannot be uniformly contracted is caused, and finally the shrinkage molding failure is caused.
Examples:
phthalic acid and butanediol are adopted as main raw materials, spiroglycol is added, tetrabutyl titanate is adopted as a catalyst, the mass ratio of four components is 1750:1750:450:1, the flame-retardant matrix material is prepared, and nano-Sb accounting for 5wt% of the flame-retardant matrix material is added 2 O 3 And 16wt% BEO, polycondensing at 220-260 deg.C in a vacuum reaction kettle to obtain a flame retardant material, extruding and molding on the periphery of the optical fiber element 1, passing through a first traction mechanism 6 andand the second traction mechanism 7 is subjected to differential molding, wherein the traction rate of the second traction mechanism 7 is 99.5% of the traction rate of the first traction mechanism 6, the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve 2 is obtained after cooling molding, the common pure PBT sleeve and the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve 2 are stored in the environments of 23 ℃ and 70 ℃, a wire winding adopts a tray to relax, the change condition of the shrinkage degree of the sleeve along with time is observed, and test data are shown in figure 4.
As can be seen from the shrinkage data in fig. 4, when the sleeve is loosely stored, the shrinkage of the sleeve is gradually slowed down after 120 hours of storage, and the low-shrinkage flame-retardant sleeve 2 obtained by adopting the method has the minimum shrinkage degree in the storage process, so that the shrinkage condition is remarkably improved.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (13)
1. The low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve is characterized by comprising a sleeve matrix and a flame-retardant matrix according to material components;
wherein the flame-retardant matrix comprises nano-Sb 2 O 3 Particles and brominated epoxy resin, said nano-Sb 2 O 3 1-5wt% of the sleeve matrix, and 12-16wt% of the brominated epoxy resin;
the sleeve matrix comprises phthalic acid, butanediol, spiro diol and tetrabutyl titanate according to the material components;
the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve is compression molded between at least two traction mechanisms with differential speed, so that the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve is axially compressed in the traction and stretching process.
2. The low-retraction flame retardant sleeve according to claim 1, wherein the phthalic acid, butanediol, spiro diol and tetrabutyl titanate are prepared according to the mass ratio: 1750:1750:450:1.
3. The low-retraction flame retardant sleeve according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the linear speed difference of the two traction mechanisms with differential speed is 0.1% -2%.
4. The low-retraction flame retardant sleeve according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the low-retraction flame retardant sleeve has an axial shrinkage of not more than 0.7 per mill at not more than 70 ℃ for 120 hours.
5. The low-retraction flame retardant sleeve according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the low-retraction flame retardant sleeve has an axial shrinkage of not more than 0.5 per mill within 120 hours at not more than 23 ℃.
6. The low-shrinkage flame-retardant sleeve according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the brominated epoxy resin has an average molecular weight of 8000-20000 and a bromine content of 48-54%.
7. A low-profile, flame-retardant fiber optic cable comprising:
an optical fiber element, wherein the optical fiber element is coated with the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, and the periphery of the flame-retardant sleeve is coated with an outer sheath.
8. The low-profile flame-retardant fiber optic cable of claim 7, wherein,
a water blocking layer is further arranged between the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve and the outer sheath, and at least one stripping rope is embedded in the outer sheath along the axial direction.
9. The preparation method of the low-retraction flame-retardant optical cable is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, pulling an optical fiber element;
s2, extruding and forming a low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve on the periphery of the optical fiber element;
the step S2 comprises the following steps: mixing phthalic acid, butanediol, spiro diol and tetrabutyl titanate according to the mass ratio of 1750:1750:450:1 to obtain a PBT matrix, adding nano-Sb2O3 particles with the weight of 1-5wt% of the PBT matrix and brominated epoxy resin with the weight of 12-16wt% of the PBT matrix into the PBT matrix, and reacting at 220-260 ℃ in a vacuum reaction kettle to prepare the PBT;
s3, setting the traction speed of a first traction mechanism and a second traction mechanism, and carrying out traction along the extrusion direction of the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve, wherein the traction speed of the first traction mechanism is greater than that of the second traction mechanism;
s4, cooling and molding the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve after the first traction mechanism and the second traction mechanism are subjected to traction;
s5, arranging an outer sheath outside the low-retraction flame-retardant sleeve.
10. The method of making a low profile flame retardant fiber optic cable of claim 9, wherein the first traction mechanism and the second traction mechanism differ by 0.1% -0.5%.
11. The method for preparing a low retraction flame retardant optical cable according to any one of claims 9 to 10, wherein the first traction mechanisms are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the low retraction flame retardant sleeve in pairs, and the vertical distance between the two first traction mechanisms is 0.1 to 0.2mm larger than the diameter of the low retraction flame retardant sleeve.
12. The method of making a low-profile flame-retardant fiber optic cable according to any one of claims 9-10, wherein the radial pressure of the first traction mechanism and the second traction mechanism against the low-profile flame-retardant jacket is the same.
13. Use of a low profile flame retardant optical cable as defined in any one of claims 7 or 8 in a full dry low profile flame retardant optical cable.
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Effective date of registration: 20240828 Address after: Songjiang District Jiangtian road 201613 Shanghai City No. 212 Patentee after: YANGTZE OPTICAL FIBRE & CABLE (SHANGHAI) CO.,LTD. Country or region after: China Patentee after: YANGTZE OPTICAL FIBRE AND CABLE JOINT STOCK Ltd. Address before: 430074 No. 9, Guanggu Avenue, Donghu high tech Development Zone, Wuhan City, Hubei Province Patentee before: YANGTZE OPTICAL FIBRE AND CABLE JOINT STOCK Ltd. Country or region before: China |