CN115708695B - Method, device, storage medium and electronic device for measuring blood vessel diameter - Google Patents
Method, device, storage medium and electronic device for measuring blood vessel diameter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种测量血管直径的方法、装置、存储介质和电子设备。方法包括：根据超声多普勒传感器检测到的待测血管的血流信号确定该传感器的测量位置；若传感器发出脉冲波，动态调整确定测量位置之后的传感器的脉冲扫描深度以检测待测血管的血流信号，并记录两个脉冲扫描深度，其中的一个脉冲扫描深度H0根据检测的血流信号由无到有记录，另一个脉冲扫描深度H1根据检测的血流信号由有到无记录；根据记录的两个脉冲扫描深度计算待测血管的直径D。本发明有别于超声成像测量或者是超声回波测距，借助于超声多普勒传感器来对待测血管进行血管直径的测量，无需改变超声多普勒传感器的硬件结构，测量简单易于操作。
The present invention relates to a method, device, storage medium and electronic device for measuring the diameter of a blood vessel. The method comprises: determining the measuring position of the sensor according to the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured detected by the ultrasonic Doppler sensor; if the sensor sends a pulse wave, dynamically adjusting the pulse scanning depth of the sensor after determining the measuring position to detect the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured, and recording two pulse scanning depths, one of which is recorded from nothing to something according to the detected blood flow signal, and the other is recorded from something to nothing according to the detected blood flow signal; and calculating the diameter D of the blood vessel to be measured according to the two recorded pulse scanning depths. The present invention is different from ultrasonic imaging measurement or ultrasonic echo ranging, and uses an ultrasonic Doppler sensor to measure the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured, without changing the hardware structure of the ultrasonic Doppler sensor, and the measurement is simple and easy to operate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blood vessel parameter measurement, in particular to a method, a device, a storage medium and electronic equipment for measuring the diameter of a blood vessel.
Background
With the continuous development of medical imaging equipment, image processing technology is widely applied to blood vessel parameter measurement. Among the vessel imaging devices are mainly electron computed tomography CT (computed tomography), nuclear magnetic resonance, single photon tomography, positron emission tomography, digital subtraction angiography DSA (digital subtraction angiography), ultrasound, and the like. The various devices have certain differences in the acquired medical images due to differences in imaging principles, but are basically capable of determining blood vessel images based on the acquired medical images. The diameter of the same blood vessel is thick and thin along with the difference of the near heart and the telecentricity, and if necessary, the parameters of the blood vessel also need to be perfected by measuring the diameter of the blood vessel.
In the related art, the measurement of the diameter of a blood vessel generally requires a user to manually select a point on the edge of the transected blood vessel on a medical image and drag the point to form a line segment, and the length of the line segment is the diameter of the transected blood vessel. However, since the transected blood vessel displayed on the medical image is not necessarily in a standard shape, this measurement method may cause a large error and result in poor measurement accuracy. Of course, some algorithms exist for calculating the vessel diameter at this stage, but basically all require imaging-based equipment to be able to perform the measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, embodiments of the present application provide a method, an apparatus, a storage medium, and an electronic device for measuring a diameter of a blood vessel to solve at least one problem existing in the background art.
In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a method of measuring a diameter of a blood vessel, the method comprising:
determining the measuring position of the ultrasonic Doppler sensor according to the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured detected by the sensor;
If the sensor emits pulse waves, dynamically adjusting the pulse scanning depth of the sensor after the measuring position is determined to detect the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured, and recording two pulse scanning depths, wherein one pulse scanning depth H0 is recorded from the absence to the presence according to the detected blood flow signal, and the other pulse scanning depth H1 is recorded from the presence to the absence according to the detected blood flow signal;
and calculating the diameter D of the blood vessel to be detected according to the recorded two pulse scanning depths.
With reference to the first aspect of the present application, in an optional implementation manner, the determining, according to a blood flow signal of a blood vessel to be measured detected by an ultrasonic doppler sensor, a measurement position of the sensor includes:
if the sensor sends out continuous waves, carrying out envelope processing on blood flow signals detected by the sensor to obtain envelope waveforms;
Determining whether the position of the sensor is a measurement position according to whether the number of continuous pulse periods on the envelope waveform is above a preset number.
With reference to the first aspect of the present application, in an optional implementation manner, the dynamically adjusting the pulse scan depth of the sensor after determining the measurement position to detect the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured and recording two pulse scan depths includes:
Continuously detecting blood flow signals of the blood vessel to be detected in a pulse mode;
If not, continuing to judge whether the blood flow signal is detected in the last first pulse period, if so, recording the pulse scanning depth H0 and increasing the pulse scanning depth, otherwise, increasing the pulse scanning depth;
after recording the pulse scanning depth H0 and increasing the pulse scanning depth, judging whether the second pulse period detects a blood flow signal, if not, reducing the pulse scanning depth, if so, continuously judging whether the last second pulse period detects the blood flow signal, if so, increasing the pulse scanning depth, otherwise, recording the pulse scanning depth H1;
wherein after decreasing or increasing the pulse scan depth, it is determined whether a new pulse period detects a blood flow signal.
With reference to the first aspect of the present application, in an optional implementation manner, a ratio of the increment X to the decrement Y of the pulse scanning depth is above a preset multiple, and the preset multiple is greater than or equal to 3.
With reference to the first aspect of the present application, in an optional implementation manner, the continuously detecting the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be detected includes:
Setting initial pulse scanning depth according to the blood vessel to be detected, wherein the initial pulse scanning depth is smaller than the pulse scanning depth H0;
starting from the initial pulse scan depth, different pulse scan depths are dynamically adjusted to continuously detect blood flow signals.
With reference to the first aspect of the present application, in an alternative embodiment, the measurement time of the same pulse scan depth satisfies at least two pulse periods or a preset measurement duration.
With reference to the first aspect of the present application, in an optional implementation manner, the calculating the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured according to the recorded two pulse scanning depths includes:
solving the sine of a detection included angle theta of the sensor;
And multiplying the difference between the pulse scanning depth H1 and the pulse scanning depth H0 by the sine of the detection included angle theta to obtain the diameter D of the blood vessel to be detected.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide an apparatus for measuring a diameter of a blood vessel, the apparatus comprising:
a positioning module configured to determine a measurement position of the ultrasonic Doppler sensor according to a blood flow signal of a blood vessel to be measured detected by the sensor;
A recording module configured to dynamically adjust pulse scanning depth of the sensor after determining a measurement position to detect a blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured if the sensor emits a pulse wave, and record two pulse scanning depths, wherein one pulse scanning depth H0 is recorded from scratch according to the detected blood flow signal, and the other pulse scanning depth H1 is recorded from scratch according to the detected blood flow signal;
a calculation module configured to calculate a diameter D of the blood vessel to be measured from the recorded two pulse scan depths.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor of an electronic device, enable the electronic device to perform the method of measuring a diameter of a blood vessel according to any one of the first aspects above.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including:
a processor;
a memory for storing computer-executable instructions;
the processor is configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to implement the method for measuring a diameter of a blood vessel according to any one of the first aspect.
The method for measuring the diameter of the blood vessel comprises the steps of firstly, detecting blood flow signals of the blood vessel to be measured through an ultrasonic Doppler sensor to determine the measuring position of the sensor, wherein the measuring position can enable the sensor to obtain parameter data related to the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured, then, determining pulse scanning depths corresponding to two boundaries of the blood vessel to be measured through depth scanning of a pulse wave measuring mode in the ultrasonic Doppler sensor, and finally, solving the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured by combining the determined two pulse scanning depths with the geometric relation between the two boundaries of the blood vessel to be measured and the diameter. According to the embodiment of the application, on the basis that the ultrasonic Doppler sensor measures blood flow, the blood flow is detected by dynamically adjusting the scanning depth of pulse waves, so that two boundaries of a blood vessel to be detected can be obtained to calculate the diameter of the blood vessel to be detected, the hardware structure of the ultrasonic Doppler sensor is not required to be changed, and meanwhile, after the ultrasonic Doppler sensor obtains the diameter of the blood vessel, the blood flow can be combined to obtain more blood flow parameters, such as every pulse quantity, blood flow and the like.
Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation on the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring a diameter of a blood vessel according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic doppler sensor according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a portion of a method for measuring a diameter of a blood vessel according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the geometrical relationship between the diameter of a blood vessel and the recorded scanning depths of two pulses on the blood vessel to be measured according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a device for measuring a diameter of a blood vessel according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical scheme and the beneficial effects of the application more obvious and understandable, the following detailed description is given by way of example. Wherein the drawings are not necessarily to scale, and wherein local features may be exaggerated or minimized to more clearly show details of the local features, unless otherwise defined, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those in the technical field to which the present application pertains.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for measuring a diameter of a blood vessel, the method comprising:
step S100, determining the measuring position of an ultrasonic Doppler sensor according to the blood flow signal of a blood vessel to be measured detected by the sensor;
step 200, if the sensor emits pulse waves, dynamically adjusting the pulse scanning depth of the sensor after determining the measuring position to detect the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured, and recording two pulse scanning depths, wherein one pulse scanning depth H0 is recorded from the absence to the presence according to the detected blood flow signal, and the other pulse scanning depth H1 is recorded from the presence to the absence according to the detected blood flow signal;
And step 300, calculating the diameter D of the blood vessel to be measured according to the recorded two pulse scanning depths.
A common ultrasonic doppler sensor (hereinafter referred to as a "sensor") is used for acquiring a blood flow signal, and is mainly used for detecting the blood flow in a continuous wave measurement mode or a pulse wave measurement mode, and cannot directly measure the diameter of a blood vessel. In the related art, the measurement of the diameter of the blood vessel is obtained by imaging equipment, and when the required parameters of the blood vessel are different, more measuring equipment is required, so that the measurement cost and the measurement efficiency are improved intangibly.
The method for measuring the diameter of the blood vessel comprises the steps of firstly, flatly arranging a sensor on the surface of a user body, firstly, detecting blood flow signals of the blood vessel to be measured through the sensor, adjusting the position of the sensor according to detection results until stable blood flow signals can be detected, determining the current position of the sensor as a measurement position when the sensor can detect the stable blood flow signals, wherein the measurement position can enable the sensor to obtain parameter data related to the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured, then determining pulse scanning depths (pulse scanning depth H0 and pulse scanning depth H1) corresponding to two boundaries of the blood vessel to be measured by means of depth scanning of a pulse wave measurement mode in an ultrasonic Doppler sensor, and finally, solving according to geometric relations between the two boundaries of the blood vessel to be measured and the diameter to obtain the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured.
Obviously, on the basis of measuring blood flow by the ultrasonic Doppler sensor, the embodiment of the application can detect blood flow by dynamically adjusting the scanning depth of pulse waves so as to obtain two boundaries of a blood vessel to be measured to calculate the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured, and the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured can be measured by means of the ultrasonic Doppler sensor, wherein the blood vessel to be measured can be a carotid artery, a jugular vein or a radial artery, and the like, the hardware structure of the ultrasonic Doppler sensor is not required to be changed, and the blood flow can be combined after the ultrasonic Doppler sensor obtains the blood vessel diameter so as to obtain more blood flow parameters, such as the blood flow per beat amount, the blood flow and the like.
In an alternative embodiment, step S100 includes:
if the sensor sends out continuous waves, carrying out envelope processing on blood flow signals detected by the sensor to obtain envelope waveforms;
Whether the position of the sensor is a measurement position is determined according to whether the number of continuous pulse periods on the envelope waveform is above a preset number.
In this embodiment, the position of the blood vessel to be measured is located by starting the continuous wave measurement mode of the sensor, and when the blood envelope waveform of three continuous pulse periods or more is measured, the sensor is considered to be able to be located at present, the current position of the sensor is considered as the measurement position, and the position of the sensor is kept unchanged after the measurement. If there are fewer than three consecutive pulse periods in the measured blood flow envelope waveform, then the sensor position continues to be adjusted.
Further, in the measurement position of the determination sensor, the continuously measured Doppler blood flow signal can analyze the waveform period of the pulse, the waveform period is recorded and used as a reference template for subsequently determining the blood vessel to be measured, the effectiveness of the detected blood flow signal in the subsequent measurement process can be ensured, if the detected blood flow signal is not matched with the reference template, the current blood flow can be determined to be abnormal, and further, the abnormal blood flow signal can be removed to ensure the measurement reliability.
In this embodiment, the continuous wave measurement mode used to determine the measurement position of the sensor or to locate the position of the blood vessel to be measured is a continuous doppler signal transmitted from one die to another die.
In another alternative embodiment, step S100 includes:
and detecting blood flow signals of the blood vessel to be detected through a pulse wave measurement mode of the ultrasonic Doppler sensor, and determining the measurement position of the sensor.
In this embodiment, an ultrasonic doppler sensor collects an ultrasonic signal in a pulse wave measurement mode, and after preprocessing the collected ultrasonic signal data and performing conventional operations such as digital filtering and FFT calculation, spectrum envelope calculation is performed to determine whether there is blood flow. That is, in the whole blood vessel diameter measurement process, the pulse wave can be used for measurement in the whole process, however, the pulse wave measurement is limited by the scanning depth, and is not convenient to locate as continuous wave in the process of locating the position of the blood vessel to be detected.
It should be further noted that the pulse doppler signal may be transmitted and received in a time-sharing manner by the same chip.
As shown in fig. 2, the internal structure of the ultrasonic doppler sensor includes a processor, and an ultrasonic transmitting circuit, an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter, i.e. an Analog-to-digital converter), a data communication interface and a display module, which are respectively connected with the processor, wherein the other end of the ultrasonic transmitting circuit is further connected with an ultrasonic transmitting crystal element, the other end of the ADC is sequentially connected with an ultrasonic continuous wave receiving signal module and an ultrasonic receiving crystal element, and the other end of the ADC is further connected with the ultrasonic transmitting crystal element through an ultrasonic pulse wave receiving signal module, and the ultrasonic doppler sensor further includes a power supply system for providing working voltage for the above devices. Specifically, in operation, the processor is powered on and triggers the ultrasound transmit circuit to transmit scanning ultrasound waves to the ultrasound transmit wafer to perform the scanning. If the sensor sends out continuous waves, the ultrasonic receiving wafer works by utilizing the inverse effect of the ultrasonic transmitting wafer, and when the ultrasonic waves scan the target (such as carotid artery) and act on the ultrasonic receiving wafer, the ultrasonic receiving wafer generates corresponding piezoelectric effect or piezomagnetic effect, so that the ultrasonic continuous wave receiving signal module can detect the piezoelectric effect or piezomagnetic effect of the ultrasonic receiving wafer, and alternating potential is generated. If the sensor emits pulse waves, the ultrasonic transmitting wafer scans the target and continuously acts on the ultrasonic transmitting wafer after the ultrasonic transmitting wafer emits the pulse waves, so that the ultrasonic pulse wave receiving signal module can generate alternating potential. The ADC performs analog-to-digital conversion on alternating potential of the ultrasonic continuous wave receiving signal module or the ultrasonic pulse wave receiving signal module, and transmits an analog-to-digital converted result to the processor, the processor processes the alternating potential to obtain an ultrasonic signal (such as carotid artery ultrasonic spectrum) of the target, the ultrasonic signal is displayed through the display module, and meanwhile, the ultrasonic signal can be transmitted to other equipment for processing through the data communication interface.
In this embodiment, the sensor first enters a continuous wave measurement mode, generates continuous ultrasonic waves to identify a blood vessel to be measured, switches to a pulse wave measurement mode, and detects a blood flow signal through the pulse mode.
In one embodiment, in step S200, it includes:
In the pulse mode, continuously detecting a blood flow signal of a blood vessel to be detected, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
Setting initial pulse scanning depth according to a blood vessel to be detected, wherein the initial pulse scanning depth is smaller than pulse scanning depth H0;
Starting from the initial pulse scan depth, different pulse scan depths are dynamically adjusted to continuously detect blood flow signals.
As shown in fig. 3, further, step S200 further includes:
Step S201, judging whether a blood flow signal is detected in the first pulse period, if so, turning to step S202, otherwise turning to step S203;
step S202, reducing the pulse scanning depth, and then turning to step S201;
step S203, continuing to judge whether the blood flow signal is detected in the last first pulse period, if yes, turning to step S204, otherwise turning to step S205;
step S204, recording pulse scanning depth H0, and turning to step S206;
Step S205, increasing the pulse scanning depth, and then turning to step S201;
step S206, increasing the pulse scanning depth, and then turning to step S207;
step S207, judging whether a blood flow signal is detected in the second pulse period, if so, turning to step S208, otherwise turning to step S209;
step S208, continuing to judge whether the blood flow signal is detected in the last second pulse period, if so, turning to step S206, otherwise, turning to step S210;
step S209, reducing the pulse scanning depth, and then turning to step S207;
step S210, recording pulse scanning depth H1.
The first pulse period and the second pulse period are substantially the same, and are defined as a first pulse period during the pulse scanning depth H0 to be recorded, and as a second pulse period during the pulse scanning depth H1 to be recorded after the pulse scanning depth H0 is recorded.
In the embodiment of the application, when the diameter of the blood vessel is measured in the pulse wave measuring mode, the pulse scanning depth is set to be an initial pulse scanning depth, and the initial pulse scanning depth cannot reach the blood vessel to be measured, and the blood flow can be measured only by gradually increasing the scanning depth. The initial pulse scanning depth can be set to different values according to different blood vessels, for example, the depth of a carotid blood vessel is generally about 10mm subcutaneously, and then the initial pulse scanning depth is set to 5mm.
The blood flow detection is started from the initial pulse scanning depth, the blood flow is not measured at first, when the scanning depth is gradually increased, the detection result is changed from 'no blood flow detected' to 'blood flow detected' to determine the upper boundary of the blood vessel to be detected, the scanning depth is continuously increased, and the detection result is changed from 'blood flow detected' to 'no blood flow detected' to determine the lower boundary of the blood vessel to be detected.
Further, the increasing amount X of the pulse scanning depth is fixed, and if the upper and lower boundaries are determined only by continuously increasing the scanning depth, the upper and lower boundaries of the blood vessel to be measured can be initially determined, but a certain precision error still exists, so that the decreasing amount Y of the pulse scanning depth is also set, wherein the increasing amount X is obviously larger than the decreasing amount Y, and the precision requirement can be realized. When the blood flow is detected for the first time, the actual upper boundary can be determined to be slightly smaller than the current pulse scanning depth, and then fine scanning depth adjustment is performed, namely the pulse scanning depth is reduced. Preferably, the ratio of the increase X to the decrease Y of the pulse scan depth is above a preset multiple, preferably, the preset multiple is greater than or equal to 3.
In this embodiment, the increasing amount X of the pulse scanning depth is set to 1mm, the decreasing amount Y of the pulse scanning depth is set to 0.2mm, and when X is significantly larger than Y, the determination of the upper and lower boundaries can be made more accurate, i.e., the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured can be measured more accurately.
Preferably, after the recording pulse scanning depth H1, the detection of the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured is stopped. If the ultrasonic Doppler sensor is used for obtaining the pulse scanning depths H0 and H1, the blood vessel diameter can be obtained through simple mathematical calculation, so that the continuous detection of blood flow signals can be stopped in time under the condition that no other test items exist at present, and the resource waste can be effectively avoided.
In one embodiment, the measurement time for the same pulse scan depth satisfies at least two pulse periods or a preset measurement duration.
In an embodiment of the application, to avoid occasional errors in a single measurement, the measurement is performed by probing twice at the same pulse scan depth, or for a period longer than two pulse cycles, such as 5s.
As shown in fig. 4, in general, the sensor has a detection angle θ during measurement, where the detection angle θ is related to the specification of the sensor itself and is a known value, and the detection angle θ can be approximately regarded as an angle formed by the pulse scanning direction of the sensor in the pulse wave measurement mode and the blood vessel to be measured. Thus, the specific steps of step S300 include:
step 301, solving the sine of a detection included angle theta of the sensor;
step S302, the difference between the pulse scanning depth H1 and the pulse scanning depth H0 is multiplied by the sine of the detection included angle theta to obtain the diameter D of the blood vessel to be detected.
As shown in fig. 4, the pulse scan depth H0 or the pulse scan depth H1 is the data obtained when the critical conditions of "detecting blood flow" and "detecting no blood flow" are met, the pulse scan depth H0 is recorded from no to no according to the detected blood flow signal, the pulse scan depth H1 is recorded from no to no according to the detected blood flow signal, so that the projection of the distance between the pulse scan depth H1 and the pulse scan depth H0 on the cross section of the blood vessel to be measured is the diameter D of the blood vessel to be measured, and then the diameter D of the blood vessel to be measured, the pulse scan depth H1 and the pulse scan depth H0 satisfy the following mathematical formula:
D=(H1-H0)·sinθ,
Wherein D is the diameter of a blood vessel to be detected, H0 is the pulse scanning depth from no to no record according to the detected blood flow signal, H1 is the pulse scanning depth from no to no record according to the detected blood flow signal, and θ is the detection included angle of the sensor.
After the diameter D of the blood vessel to be measured is measured, the area of the blood vessel to be measured is calculated according to a circular area formula, and the blood vessel to be measured is used for other blood flow parameters needing to be used for the area of the blood vessel.
The method for measuring the blood vessel diameter provided by the embodiment of the application is different from ultrasonic imaging measurement or ultrasonic echo ranging, the blood vessel diameter can be measured by using the same circuit in the ultrasonic Doppler sensor for measuring the blood flow velocity, no additional hardware facilities are required, and the measuring method is simple and easy to operate.
It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowcharts of fig. 1 and 3 are shown in order as indicated by the arrows, these steps are not necessarily performed in order as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not strictly limited to the order of execution unless explicitly recited herein, and the steps may be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least a portion of the steps in fig. 1 and 3 may include a plurality of steps or stages, which are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, and the order of the execution of the steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but may be performed in turn or alternately with at least a portion of the steps or stages in other steps or other steps.
Corresponding to the embodiment of the application function implementation method, the application also provides a device for measuring the diameter of the blood vessel and a corresponding embodiment.
As shown in fig. 5, an embodiment of the present application provides an apparatus for measuring a diameter of a blood vessel, the apparatus comprising:
a positioning module 100 configured to determine a measurement position of the ultrasonic doppler sensor from a blood flow signal of a blood vessel to be measured detected by the sensor;
A recording module 200 configured to dynamically adjust a pulse scanning depth of the sensor after determining the measurement position to detect a blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured if the sensor emits a pulse wave, and record two pulse scanning depths, wherein one pulse scanning depth H0 is recorded from scratch according to the detected blood flow signal, and the other pulse scanning depth H1 is recorded from scratch according to the detected blood flow signal;
a calculation module 300 configured to calculate a diameter D of the blood vessel to be measured from the recorded two pulse scan depths.
When the device for measuring the diameter of the blood vessel is used for measuring the diameter of the blood vessel, firstly, the sensor is horizontally arranged on the surface of the body of a user, the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured is detected through the sensor, the position of the sensor is adjusted until the stable blood flow signal can be detected according to the detection result, when the sensor can detect the stable blood flow signal, the current position of the sensor can be determined to be the measurement position, wherein the measurement position can enable the sensor to obtain parameter data related to the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured, then, the pulse scanning depth (the pulse scanning depth H0 and the pulse scanning depth H1) corresponding to two boundaries of the blood vessel to be measured is determined by means of the depth scanning of a pulse wave measurement mode in the ultrasonic Doppler sensor, and finally, the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured is obtained by solving the geometric relation between the two boundaries of the blood vessel to be measured and the diameter.
According to the embodiment of the application, on the basis that the ultrasonic Doppler sensor measures blood flow, the blood flow is detected by dynamically adjusting the scanning depth of pulse waves, so that two boundaries of a blood vessel to be measured can be obtained to calculate the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured, the blood vessel to be measured can be measured by means of the ultrasonic Doppler sensor, the blood vessel to be measured can be carotid artery, jugular vein or radial artery, and the like, and the hardware structure of the ultrasonic Doppler sensor is not required to be changed.
In this embodiment, the ultrasonic doppler sensor supports a continuous wave measurement mode and a pulse wave measurement mode. The continuous wave measurement mode used to determine the measurement position of the sensor or to locate the position of the blood vessel to be measured is the continuous Doppler signal transmitted from one wafer to the next. The dynamic adjustment of pulse scanning depth is a process of finding the boundary of the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured, wherein the pulse Doppler signal can be transmitted and received in a same wafer time-sharing manner.
As shown in fig. 2, the internal structure of the ultrasonic doppler sensor includes a processor, and an ultrasonic transmitting circuit, an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter, i.e. an Analog-to-digital converter), a data communication interface and a display module, which are respectively connected with the processor, wherein the other end of the ultrasonic transmitting circuit is further connected with an ultrasonic transmitting crystal element, the other end of the ADC is sequentially connected with an ultrasonic continuous wave receiving signal module and an ultrasonic receiving crystal element, and the other end of the ADC is further connected with the ultrasonic transmitting crystal element through an ultrasonic pulse wave receiving signal module, and the ultrasonic doppler sensor further includes a power supply system for providing working voltage for the above devices. Specifically, in operation, the processor is powered on and triggers the ultrasound transmit circuit to transmit scanning ultrasound waves to the ultrasound transmit wafer to perform the scanning. If the sensor sends out continuous waves, the ultrasonic receiving wafer works by utilizing the inverse effect of the ultrasonic transmitting wafer, and when the ultrasonic waves scan the target (such as carotid artery) and act on the ultrasonic receiving wafer, the ultrasonic receiving wafer generates corresponding piezoelectric effect or piezomagnetic effect, so that the ultrasonic continuous wave receiving signal module can detect the piezoelectric effect or piezomagnetic effect of the ultrasonic receiving wafer, and alternating potential is generated. If the sensor emits pulse waves, the ultrasonic transmitting wafer scans the target and continuously acts on the ultrasonic transmitting wafer after the ultrasonic transmitting wafer emits the pulse waves, so that the ultrasonic pulse wave receiving signal module can generate alternating potential. The ADC performs analog-to-digital conversion on alternating potential of the ultrasonic continuous wave receiving signal module or the ultrasonic pulse wave receiving signal module, and transmits an analog-to-digital converted result to the processor, the processor processes the alternating potential to obtain an ultrasonic signal (such as carotid artery ultrasonic spectrum) of the target, the ultrasonic signal is displayed through the display module, and meanwhile, the ultrasonic signal can be transmitted to other equipment for processing through the data communication interface.
In this embodiment, the sensor first enters a continuous wave measurement mode, generates continuous ultrasonic waves to identify a blood vessel to be measured, switches to a pulse wave measurement mode, and detects a blood flow signal through the pulse mode.
In a continuous wave measurement mode, carrying out envelope processing on a blood flow signal detected by a sensor to obtain an envelope waveform;
Whether the position of the sensor is a measurement position is determined according to whether the number of continuous pulse periods on the envelope waveform is above a preset number.
In this embodiment, the position of the blood vessel to be measured is located by starting the continuous wave measurement mode of the sensor, and when the blood envelope waveform of three continuous pulse periods or more is measured, the sensor is considered to be able to be located at present, the current position of the sensor is considered as the measurement position, and the position of the sensor is kept unchanged after the measurement. If the continuous pulse period in the measured blood flow envelope waveform is less than three, then the sensor position continues to be adjusted.
Further, in the measurement position of the determination sensor, the continuously measured Doppler blood flow signal can analyze the waveform period of the pulse, the waveform period is recorded and used as a reference template for subsequently determining the blood vessel to be measured, the effectiveness of the detected blood flow signal in the subsequent measurement process can be ensured, if the detected blood flow signal is not matched with the reference template, the current blood flow can be determined to be abnormal, and further, the abnormal blood flow signal can be removed to ensure the measurement reliability.
In the pulse wave measuring mode, setting initial pulse scanning depth according to the blood vessel to be measured, wherein the initial pulse scanning depth is smaller than the pulse scanning depth H0, and starting from the initial pulse scanning depth, dynamically adjusting different pulse scanning depths to continuously detect blood flow signals.
As shown in fig. 3, further, in the pulse wave measurement mode, the measurement process further includes:
Step S201, judging whether a blood flow signal is detected in the first pulse period, if so, turning to step S202, otherwise turning to step S203;
step S202, reducing the pulse scanning depth, and then turning to step S201;
step S203, continuing to judge whether the blood flow signal is detected in the last first pulse period, if yes, turning to step S204, otherwise turning to step S205;
step S204, recording pulse scanning depth H0, and turning to step S206;
Step S205, increasing the pulse scanning depth, and then turning to step S201;
step S206, increasing the pulse scanning depth, and then turning to step S207;
step S207, judging whether a blood flow signal is detected in the second pulse period, if so, turning to step S208, otherwise turning to step S209;
step S208, continuing to judge whether the blood flow signal is detected in the last second pulse period, if so, turning to step S206, otherwise, turning to step S210;
step S209, reducing the pulse scanning depth, and then turning to step S207;
step S210, recording pulse scanning depth H1.
In the embodiment of the application, the first pulse period and the second pulse period are both pulse periods, the essence of the two pulse periods is the same, the first pulse period is defined in the process of the pulse scanning depth H0 to be recorded, and the second pulse period is defined in the process of the pulse scanning depth H1 to be recorded after the pulse scanning depth H0 is recorded. When the blood vessel diameter measurement is carried out in the pulse wave measurement mode, the pulse scanning depth is set to be an initial pulse scanning depth, the initial pulse scanning depth cannot reach the blood vessel to be measured, and the blood flow can be measured only by gradually increasing the scanning depth. The initial pulse scanning depth can be set to different values according to different blood vessels, for example, the depth of a carotid blood vessel is generally about 10mm subcutaneously, and then the initial pulse scanning depth is set to 5mm.
The blood flow detection is started from the initial pulse scanning depth, the blood flow is not measured at first, when the scanning depth is gradually increased, the detection result is changed from 'no blood flow detected' to 'blood flow detected' to determine the upper boundary of the blood vessel to be detected, the scanning depth is continuously increased, and the detection result is changed from 'blood flow detected' to 'no blood flow detected' to determine the lower boundary of the blood vessel to be detected.
Further, the increasing amount X of the pulse scanning depth is fixed, and if the upper and lower boundaries are determined only by continuously increasing the scanning depth, the upper and lower boundaries of the blood vessel to be measured can be initially determined, but a certain precision error still exists, so that the decreasing amount Y of the pulse scanning depth is also set, wherein the increasing amount X is obviously larger than the decreasing amount Y, and the precision requirement can be realized. When the blood flow is detected for the first time, the actual upper boundary can be determined to be slightly smaller than the current pulse scanning depth, and then fine scanning depth adjustment is performed, namely the pulse scanning depth is reduced. Preferably, the ratio of the increase X to the decrease Y of the pulse scanning depth is greater than or equal to a preset multiple, wherein the preset multiple is greater than or equal to 3.
In this embodiment, the increasing amount X of the pulse scanning depth is set to 1mm, the decreasing amount Y of the pulse scanning depth is set to 0.2mm, and when X is significantly larger than Y, the determination of the upper and lower boundaries can be made more accurate, i.e., the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured can be measured more accurately.
In one embodiment, the measurement time for the same pulse scan depth satisfies at least two pulse periods or a preset measurement duration.
In an embodiment of the application, to avoid occasional errors in a single measurement, the measurement is performed by probing twice at the same pulse scan depth, or for a period longer than two pulse cycles, such as 5s.
As shown in fig. 4, in general, the sensor has a detection angle θ during measurement, where the detection angle θ is related to the specification of the sensor itself and is a known value, and the detection angle θ can be approximately regarded as an angle formed by the pulse scanning direction of the sensor in the pulse wave measurement mode and the blood vessel to be measured. Therefore, the diameter D of the blood vessel to be measured and the pulse scanning depth H1 and the pulse scanning depth H0 satisfy the following mathematical formulas:
D=(H1-H0)·sinθ,
Wherein D is the diameter of a blood vessel to be detected, H0 is the pulse scanning depth from no to no record according to the detected blood flow signal, H1 is the pulse scanning depth from no to no record according to the detected blood flow signal, and θ is the detection included angle of the sensor.
As shown in fig. 4, the pulse scanning depth H0 or the pulse scanning depth H1 is the data obtained when the critical conditions of "detecting blood flow" and "detecting no blood flow" are met, the pulse scanning depth H0 is recorded from no to no according to the detected blood flow signal, and the pulse scanning depth H1 is recorded from no to no according to the detected blood flow signal, so that the projection of the distance between the pulse scanning depth H1 and the pulse scanning depth H0 on the cross section of the blood vessel to be measured is the diameter D of the blood vessel to be measured.
After the diameter D of the blood vessel to be measured is measured, the area of the blood vessel to be measured is calculated according to a circular area formula, and the blood vessel to be measured is used for other blood flow parameters needing to be used for the area of the blood vessel.
The embodiment of the application also provides a computer readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed by a processor of an electronic device, enable the electronic device to perform the steps in the method of measuring a diameter of a blood vessel as in any of the embodiments described above.
Embodiments of the present application may be a system, method, and/or computer program product. The computer program product may include a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program instructions embodied thereon for causing a processor to implement aspects of the present application. The computer program product may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computing device, partly on the user's device, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computing device, partly on a remote computing device, or entirely on the remote computing device or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any kind of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet service provider). In some embodiments, aspects of the present application are implemented by personalizing electronic circuitry, such as programmable logic circuitry, field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), or Programmable Logic Arrays (PLAs), with state information for computer readable program instructions, which can execute the computer readable program instructions.
A computer readable storage medium may employ any combination of one or more readable media. The readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. A computer readable storage medium is a tangible device that can hold and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The readable storage medium may include, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or a combination of any of the foregoing. More specific examples of a readable storage medium (a non-exhaustive list) include a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanical encoding device, punch cards or in-groove protrusion structures such as those having instructions stored thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Computer-readable storage media, as used herein, are not to be construed as transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through waveguides or other transmission media (e.g., optical pulses through fiber optic cables), or electrical signals transmitted through wires.
The computer readable program instructions described herein may be downloaded from a computer readable storage medium to a respective computing/processing device or to an external computer or external storage device over a network, such as the internet, a local area network, a wide area network, and/or a wireless network. The network may include copper transmission cables, fiber optic transmissions, wireless transmissions, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. The network interface card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium in the respective computing/processing device.
Various aspects of the present application are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer-readable program instructions.
These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable medium having the instructions stored therein includes an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The embodiment of the application also provides electronic equipment which can be equipment such as a terminal or a server. Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the application. As shown in fig. 6, the electronic device 600 includes one or more processors 601 and a memory 602, the memory 602 having stored therein computer executable instructions, the processor 601 being configured to execute the computer executable instructions to implement the steps in the method of measuring a diameter of a blood vessel as in any of the embodiments described above.
The processor 601 may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU) or other form of processing unit having data processing and/or instruction execution capabilities, and may control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions.
The memory 602 may include one or more computer program products, which may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory. Volatile memory can include, for example, random Access Memory (RAM) and/or cache memory (cache) and the like. The non-volatile memory may include, for example, read Only Memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, and the like. One or more computer program instructions may be stored on a computer readable storage medium and the processor 601 may execute the program instructions to implement the steps in the text recognition method and/or other desired functions of the various embodiments of the present application above.
The method embodiment, the device embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium embodiment and the electronic device embodiment for measuring the blood vessel diameter provided by the embodiment of the application belong to the same conception, and all technical features in the technical scheme recorded in each embodiment can be arbitrarily combined under the condition of no conflict.
It should be understood that the above examples are illustrative and are not intended to encompass all possible implementations encompassed by the claims. Various modifications and changes may be made in the above embodiments without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Likewise, the individual features of the above embodiments may also be combined arbitrarily to form further embodiments of the invention which may not be explicitly described. Therefore, the above examples merely represent several embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of protection of the patent of the present invention.
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| CN117137524B (en) * | 2023-10-27 | 2024-01-05 | 苏州晟智医疗科技有限公司 | Blood flow parameter monitoring device, apparatus and storage medium |
| CN117808804B (en) * | 2024-02-29 | 2024-06-07 | 中国医学科学院北京协和医院 | Automatic measuring method for radial artery anterior wall depth in ultrasonic image and storage medium |
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