CN115685383A - High-precision wind measuring balloon - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-precision wind-measuring balloon, which comprises a wind-measuring balloon sphere, and a rough structure is arranged on the outer surface of the wind-measuring balloon sphere. By setting the rough structure on the outer surface of the wind measuring balloon spherical body, the rough structure reduces the self-rotation of the wind measuring balloon spherical body caused by the asymmetric wake flow. Different from the traditional smooth surface balloon, the surface of the wind measuring balloon with a rough structure can effectively separate the air flow, control the separation of the wake, reduce the change of the balloon motion state caused by turbulence and rotation, and reduce the self-induced motion of the balloon. Reduce the force other than the wind on the balloon, so that the balloon can rise at a stable speed, so as to obtain detailed meteorological data of high-precision wind and wind shear, and improve the accuracy of wind measurement.

Description

A high precision wind measuring balloon

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of wind-measuring balloons, in particular to a high-precision wind-measuring balloon.

Background technique

Wind direction and wind speed have always been important parameters for meteorological forecasting. Wind direction and wind speed are used to judge the formation, evolution and movement of weather systems, and play an important role in mastering the overall weather; moreover, wind direction and wind speed are also used in meteorology to calculate air dispersion. degree, vorticity, with water vapor content to calculate water vapor flux, water vapor flux divergence, and can also use the formula to approximate the vertical motion velocity of the air, so that the possibility of rainfall, rainfall falling area, rainfall intensity and duration can be calculated Wait for the result.

In addition, more importantly, the wind direction and speed at the middle and upper levels also have a great impact on space launches. Among them, the height of 8 to 15 kilometers from the ground is the highest wind speed in the atmosphere, and the shear wind is relatively strong. When the rocket reaches this height, if the wind speed is too high, it is likely to bend and deform the rocket body. In severe cases, it may damage the rocket structure or even cause the rocket to disintegrate. Therefore, upper-altitude wind forecast is crucial to rocket flight safety.

At this stage, both ordinary meteorological forecasts and space launches in China use ordinary latex balloons carrying radiosondes to measure wind speed. The existing wind direction and wind speed measurement methods are all through coordinate conversion, converting the longitude, latitude and height data in the geocentric coordinate system into the azimuth, elevation angle and slope distance in the station center coordinate system, so as to calculate the wind direction and wind speed at high altitude. However, the calculation of this method directly ignores the effects of the balloon's spin and wake; that is to say, the current calculation method of wind direction and wind speed does not consider the balloon's own motion at all. But the actual situation is that the rising speed of the balloon is relatively high, and the average rising speed is generally about 6 meters per second. At this speed, the Reynolds number and the maximum lateral force of the balloon are roughly estimated as follows:

The Reynolds number calculation formula is Re=UD/v, where U is the incoming flow velocity, D is the characteristic length, that is, the diameter of the balloon, the minimum ground is about 1.5m, and v is the kinematic viscosity. changed, but there is no magnitude change, so take 1.5*10^- ⁵ m ² /s and substitute the data:

Then Re=600000 on the ground, and if the diameter of the balloon reaches 5 meters at high altitude, then Re=2000000, which is already an obvious turbulent process, and the wake of the balloon is difficult to predict, which has a great influence on the movement of the balloon.

In addition, the maximum lateral force coefficient of the sphere at various Reynolds numbers is about 0.1, and 0.1 is used for calculation.

The lateral force calculation formula is F=0.5ρV ² CyA;

Among them, F is the lateral force, ρ is the air density, V is the incoming flow velocity, Cy is the lateral force coefficient, and A is the reference area, which is the windward area of the ball. Substituting the relevant data to solve the maximum lateral force F = 4.1N.

At a height of 20 km, the pressure is about 50 hpa, the temperature is about -60 degrees Celsius, and the density is 0.082 kg/m ³ . According to the ideal gas state equation at this height, the diameter of the balloon is 3.6 m. Substituting the data into the solution gives the maximum lateral force F= 1.5N.

Because the balloon is filled with hydrogen, the mass of hydrogen in the sphere is 0.157kg, plus the conventional balloon 0.75kg, the system is 0.907kg, and the accelerations on the balloon under the above two maximum lateral forces are respectively _a =4.5m/s ² , a _20km =1.65m/s ² .

It can be seen that the turbulence and lateral force of the balloon will have a great impact on the movement of the balloon, making accurate wind measurement meaningless. In the case of space launch and other situations that require high-precision wind direction and speed, it is obvious to ignore the self-motion of the balloon. It is unreasonable, but both turbulence and lateral force are constantly changing and irregular, so they cannot be corrected by algorithms at present, and can only solve or reduce the impact of such problems from the balloon itself.

Contents of the invention

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-precision wind-measuring balloon, so as to at least solve the problem of low wind-measuring accuracy of the wind-measuring balloon in the prior art due to its own motion.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a high-precision wind-measuring balloon, which includes a wind-measuring balloon spheroid, and the outer surface of the wind-measuring balloon spheroid is provided with a rough structure.

Further, the rough structure is a conical protrusion, and the apex of the conical protrusion is extended toward the outside of the weather balloon sphere.

Further, the rough structure includes a plurality of conical protrusions, and the plurality of conical protrusions are randomly and densely distributed on the outer surface of the wind measuring balloon.

Further, the shape of the conical protrusion is a right cone, and the front section of the conical protrusion is an equilateral triangle.

Further, the sphere of the wind measuring balloon is a sphere made of film material.

Further, the weather balloon sphere is a sphere obtained by heat-synthesizing a polyester film or a low-density polyethylene film.

Further, a blow-off valve for controlling the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the wind-measuring balloon is installed on the lower part of the wind-measuring balloon ball.

Further, a radiosonde is suspended from the lower part of the wind measuring balloon sphere.

Further, the weight of the radiosonde does not exceed 150g.

Applying the technical scheme of the present invention, by arranging a rough structure on the outer surface of the wind-measuring balloon sphere, the self-rotation of the wind-measuring balloon sphere caused by the asymmetrical wake is reduced through the rough structure; Effectively separate the airflow, control the separation of the wake and reduce the change of the balloon's motion state due to turbulence and rotation, reduce the self-induced motion of the balloon, and reduce the balloon's force other than the wind, so that the balloon can rise at a stable speed , so as to obtain high-precision wind and wind shear detailed meteorological data, and improve the accuracy of wind measurement.

In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and the schematic embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the attached picture:

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-precision wind measuring balloon according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Wherein, the above-mentioned accompanying drawings include the following reference signs:

1. Wind measuring balloon sphere; 2. Conical protrusion; 3. Air release valve; 4. Radiosonde.

Detailed ways

In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully and in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used hereinafter have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Words such as "one" or "one" used in the specification and claims of the patent application of the present invention do not indicate a limitation of quantity, but indicate that there is at least one. Words such as "connected" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "Down", "Left", "Right" and so on are only used to indicate the relative positional relationship. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship also changes accordingly.

Please refer to FIG. 1 , a high-precision wind-measuring balloon according to an embodiment of the present invention, the high-precision wind-measuring balloon includes a wind-measuring balloon spheroid 1 , and a rough structure is arranged on the outer surface of the wind-measuring balloon spheroid 1 . Specifically, the rough structure is a plurality of conical protrusions 2, and the conical apex of the conical protrusions 2 extends toward the outside of the wind measuring balloon 1, and the plurality of conical protrusions 2 are randomly densely distributed on the wind measuring balloon spheroid. 1's outer surface.

In the above-mentioned high-precision wind-measuring balloon, a rough structure is provided on the outer surface of the wind-measuring balloon spheroid 1 , and the self-rotation of the wind-measuring balloon spheroid 1 caused by the asymmetrical wake is reduced through the rough structure. Different from the traditional smooth surface balloon, the wind measuring balloon 1 with a rough structure on the surface can effectively separate the air flow, control the separation of the wake, reduce the change of the balloon motion state caused by turbulence and rotation, and reduce the self-induced motion of the balloon , to reduce the force on the balloon other than the wind, so that the balloon can rise at a stable speed, so as to obtain detailed meteorological data of high-precision wind and wind shear, so as to improve the accuracy of wind measurement.

It should be noted that the rough structure provided on the outer surface of the wind measuring balloon 1 can also use other existing rough elements, not limited to the conical protrusion 2 . For example, the rough structure may also be a rectangle, a triangular pyramid or the like. The number of rough structures (such as conical protrusions 2 ) can be specifically set according to actual conditions. For example, 400 above-mentioned conical protrusions 2 can be randomly densely distributed on the outer surface of the weather balloon 1 .

Further, in this embodiment, the shape of the conical protrusion 2 is a right cone, and the front section of the conical protrusion 2 is an equilateral triangle (ie, the front view of the cone is an equilateral triangle). Through research, it is found that setting the right conical rough structure on the outer surface of the wind measuring balloon 1 has the best effect, which is most conducive to the stable rise of the wind measuring balloon 1 and improves the accuracy of wind measurement. By distributing rough structures on the outer surface of the wind measuring balloon 1 , the airflow on the surface of the circular wind measuring balloon 1 can be disturbed, turbulent flow can be formed as soon as possible, and the measurement result can be prevented from being affected by the wake caused by the rotation of the wind measuring balloon. Through the research, it is found that the rough structure with right conical shape works best.

Specifically, the diameter of the wind measuring balloon 1 is 2 meters, the height of the right cone is 8 cm, and the deployment height of the wind measuring balloon 1 is about 20000 meters. There are many and prominent physical effects such as tropospheric wind vibration and wind shear, which will have a significant impact on the aircraft's own structure and flight attitude. Accurate wind profile measurement is required in aerospace rocket design to monitor and evaluate the rocket load caused by wind. The above-mentioned wind measuring balloon 1 can be used for high-precision wind measuring for the troposphere.

In this embodiment, the wind measuring balloon 1 is a sphere made of film material. Specifically, the weather balloon spheroid 1 obtained by heat-synthesizing a polyester film or a low-density polyethylene film with a thickness of about 0.012 mm is used. Compared with the traditional latex balloon, the wind measuring balloon 1 is made of the above-mentioned thin film material, and its volume is almost unchanged during the ascent process, which can ensure that its ascent speed does not change greatly. The sphere made of film material is combined with the separated air flow effect of the rough structure on the outer surface of the sphere, and the stability of the balloon during ascent is greatly improved through the combined effects of the above two aspects.

Further, in this embodiment, a deflation valve 3 is installed on the lower part of the wind measuring balloon 1 , and the deflation valve 3 is used to control the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the wind measuring balloon 1 . The wind-measuring balloon 1 used in the present invention is a film overpressure balloon, and its pressure bearing capacity is limited, generally between 600-800Pa. If deflation is not adopted, the balloon will explode in advance during the ascent process, thereby making it difficult to reach the predetermined height. Moreover, deflation can also maintain the volume of the balloon during the ascent process, so that the rising speed and attitude of the balloon can be kept stable. The deflation valve 3 is controlled by the internal and external pressure difference of the balloon to keep the internal pressure of the balloon stable.

Specifically, the deflation valve 3 is consistent with the principle of the spring safety valve (pressure relief valve), when the internal pressure of the wind measuring balloon 1 exceeds a specified value (this value must be less than the pressure limit of the wind measuring balloon 1) , the spring of the air release valve 3 is pushed open, and a part of the gas in the wind measuring balloon spheroid 1 is discharged into the atmosphere. The pressure inside the balloon 1 of the wind balloon never exceeds the allowable value, so as to ensure that the balloon 1 of the wind measuring balloon will not explode due to excessive pressure.

In this embodiment, a radiosonde 4 is suspended from the lower part of the weather balloon 1 . The radiosonde 4 is a lightweight radiosonde 4, and the weight of the radiosonde 4 does not exceed 150g. By setting the above-mentioned radiosonde 4, it can be used as a counterweight to increase the stability of the wind-measuring balloon 1, lower the center of gravity of the balloon, help reduce the self-induced motion of the wind-measuring balloon 1, and send sounding data. The length of the connection line between the radiosonde 4 and the wind measuring balloon 1 should not be too long, so as to avoid the excessive swing of the radiosonde 4 .

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a high accurate anemometry balloon, includes anemometry balloon spheroid (1), its characterized in that, the surface of anemometry balloon spheroid (1) is equipped with coarse structure.

2. A highly accurate wind measuring balloon according to claim 1, characterised in that the roughness structure is a conical protrusion (2), the apex of the conical protrusion (2) extending towards the outside of the wind measuring balloon sphere (1).

3. A highly accurate wind measuring balloon according to claim 2, wherein the roughness structure comprises a plurality of said conical protrusions (2), said plurality of said conical protrusions (2) being randomly densely distributed on the outer surface of the wind measuring balloon sphere (1).

4. A high-precision wind measuring balloon according to claim 2, wherein the conical protrusions (2) are shaped as right circular cones, the right cross-section of the conical protrusions (2) being equilateral triangles.

5. A highly accurate wind measuring balloon according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the wind measuring balloon body (1) is a thin film balloon body.

6. A highly accurate wind measuring balloon according to claim 5 wherein the wind measuring balloon body (1) is a body of polyester film or low density polyethylene film obtained by thermoforming.

7. A high-precision wind measuring balloon according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the lower part of the wind measuring balloon body (1) is provided with a deflation valve (3) for controlling the internal and external pressure difference of the wind measuring balloon body (1).

8. A highly accurate wind measuring balloon according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that a sonde (4) is suspended from the lower part of the balloon body (1).

9. A highly accurate sounding balloon according to claim 8, characterised in that the weight of the sonde (4) does not exceed 150g.

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