CN115680638B - Method for identifying over-pressure top seal layer by using pressure decay gradient - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field exploration, and particularly relates to a method for identifying an overpressure top seal layer by using a pressure decay gradient. According to the method, single well pressure prediction calculation is carried out by utilizing acoustic time difference data, measured pressure data and stratum lithology data, the predicted pressure is corrected by utilizing the measured pressure data, and pressure structure division and thinning are carried out; and calculating the pressure attenuation gradient based on the division of the pressure structure, and identifying the overpressure top seal layer according to the variation value of the pressure attenuation gradient. The method fully considers the specificity of the attenuation gradient of the overpressure top seal layer pressure, combines the pressure structure change rule and lithology combination characteristics, can accurately identify the development range of the overpressure top seal layer, divides the overpressure seal box in the next step, and provides a research foundation for knowing the hidden relationship between the overpressure seal box and oil gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field exploration, and particularly relates to a method for identifying an overpressure top seal layer by using a pressure decay gradient.
Background
The overpressure sealing layer has important significance for preserving the overpressure fluid, and the sealing layer can be classified into 4 types according to the occurrence relation of the overpressure sealing layer and the permeable overpressure reservoir: vertical closing layer, side closing layer, top closing layer and upward inclination closing layer. The overpressure top seal layer belongs to a top overpressure seal layer, is a rock band capable of preventing overpressure fluid from being discharged upwards in a quite long geological period, is not controlled by lithology thickness, stratum spreading and construction limit, and is characterized by higher pressure gradient in a pressure structure.
The overpressure top sealing layer divides the overpressure body into a plurality of sealing boxes with independent pressure systems, which is not only beneficial to the preservation of oil gas, but also controls the migration of the oil gas in the overpressure oil gas-containing basin and the distribution of oil gas reservoirs. The identification method of the supervoltage top seal layer by the former mainly comprises pressure structure identification, drilling identification and diagenetic identification. Considering the pressure transition zone as an overpressure sealing layer from the pressure structure angle; from the drilling angle, the drilling speed is generally considered to be drastically reduced after the over-pressure top seal layer is drilled in the drilling process; from a diagenetic perspective, an overpressure top seal appears as an abnormally high level of carbonate cement content and a sharp change in clay mineral composition, such as a sharp decrease in illite mixed layer content and a sharp increase in kaolinite content. However, a plurality of pressure transition zones exist in the actual pressure structure vertically, and not all the pressure transition zones play a role in sealing an overpressure body; the rapid reduction of the drilling speed in the drilling process leads to difficult acquisition of complete coring and brings certain difficulty to the identification of an overpressure top sealing layer; in the rock formation mineral change, the stratum with high carbonate cement content does not completely play a role in sealing the upward surge of the overpressure fluid at the lower part, and part of the development high-value area of the carbonate cement is generally accompanied by oil gas filling, does not play a role in blocking the overpressure fluid, and cannot serve as an overpressure top sealing layer identification parameter in a strict sense.
The overpressure transition zone refers to a pressure zone in which the highest overpressure development value in the overpressure sealing box slowly decreases towards the top pressure of the sealing box, and the development range is larger, so that the overpressure slow release process is indicated, and the overpressure sealing zone is a set of semi-open-semi-closed stratum, and the developed overpressure is not completely sealed. The development position of the overpressure sealing layer is judged by the variation amplitude of common pressure and the content of carbonate cement, and the overpressure sealing layer is considered to be a stratum with approximately zero permeability, so that the overpressure can be well sealed.
The overpressure sealing layer is different from the overpressure transition zone and the overpressure mutation zone to a certain extent, various relations exist among the overpressure sealing layer, the overpressure transition zone and the overpressure mutation zone, and when the overpressure transition zone is in a mutation type, the overpressure mutation zone or a set of plaster rock near the overpressure mutation zone is the overpressure sealing layer; when the overpressure transition zone is of a gradual change type, the partial dense lithology combination in the overpressure transition zone is an overpressure top seal layer. The thickness of the overpressure top sealing layer is generally not considered, the only consideration is that the permeability of the rock stratum is extremely low, the non-permeable stratum such as a permanent frozen soil layer, a cream salt rock and the like can be adopted, and the non-permeable stratum can also be a set of compact stratum formed by diagenetic action, so that the drilling speed is rapidly reduced after the drilling of the overpressure top sealing layer in the general drilling process, and coring is difficult to obtain.
Wang Yongshi, yibo in Jiyang depression overpressure structure difference and control factors thereof, the overpressure systems of east camping depression, vehicle town depression, staining depression and Huimin depression are divided into 3 types by researching actual measurement formation pressure statistics, mudstone overpressure logging response and overpressure profile development characteristics of each depression in Jiyang depression: single-strong overpressure systems, composite overpressure systems and single-weak overpressure systems. And the following steps: the distribution and evolution of the source rock controls the formation and distribution of overpressure, the pressure sealing layer controls the top-bottom interface of the overpressure, and the deep fracture controls the inner-outer transverse boundary (1 Wang Yongshi, yibo, wang, et al Jiyang) of the overpressure system to trap the structural difference of the overpressure and the control factors (J.) of the geology of petroleum and natural gas, 2017.
Wang Xudong et al, in the eastern camping dent antique overpressure seal layer characteristics and its seal cover capability research, analyzed the distribution of seal layers in the longitudinal direction according to the logging response characteristics of mudstone in the overpressure zone, and on this basis, performed systematic studies on the petrology characteristics and seal cover capability thereof (1: wang Xudong, find out, qu Jiangxiu, etc. eastern camping dent antique overpressure seal layer characteristics and its seal cover capability research [ J ]. Lithology hydrocarbon reservoir, 2012,24 (005): 76-82.).
Korean et al studied the relationship of carbonate mineralization development in an overpressure top seal and its nearby sandstones under the influence of a deep overpressure fluid in an "cause of carbonate cement in an overpressure top seal of an east nutrient depression and its nearby sandstones". After carrying out mathematical statistics on the component data of the electron probe of the in-situ micro-area of the total 101 carbonate cement bodies of 53 sandstone samples, the carbonate minerals are mainly classified into 3 types of quasi-synbiotic dolomite, calcite and iron dolomite, and the sequence of the carbonate minerals is judged to be quasi-synbiotic dolomite, calcite and iron dolomite by comprehensive X-diffraction, cathodoluminescence and the like. According to the observation result of the carbonate cement diagenetic fluid inclusion, the precipitation of the carbonate cement in the overpressure top sealing layer and sandstone nearby the overpressure top sealing layer is accompanied by an overpressure fluid environment, the minimum paleo-pressure coefficient is 1.29-1.62, and the precipitation temperature is obviously higher than the background temperature value, so that the precipitation temperature is indicated to be related to the invasion of the overpressure hot fluid.
From the above analysis, the research on the identification technology of the overpressure top sealing layer is still weak at present, and particularly, the research on the effective identification of the overpressure top sealing layer is still relatively weak. At present, no patent technology is related to accurately identifying an overpressure top seal layer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for identifying an overpressure top sealing layer by utilizing a pressure attenuation gradient, which can accurately identify the distribution range of the overpressure top sealing layer and can directly divide the top plate of an overpressure sealing box, thereby being used for analyzing the distribution range of the overpressure sealing box and being beneficial to the oil gas exploration research of oil gas overpressure basin.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for identifying an overpressure-seal layer by using a pressure decay gradient, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, predicting single well pressure in a research area;
Step 2, drawing a pressure structure curve, and dividing the curve;
step 3, thinning the pressure structure;
step 4, calculating a pressure attenuation gradient and drawing a vertical pressure attenuation gradient change curve;
And 5, dividing the overpressure top seal layer according to the positive and negative values of the pressure attenuation gradient change and the lithology combination rule.
Further, in step 1, logging data and measured pressure data of the investigation region are collected, and single well pressure of the investigation region is predicted by using an Eaton pressure prediction model and an equivalent depth pressure prediction model, and corrected by using the measured pressure.
Still further, the Eaton pressure prediction model is used for calculation of the overpressure in the hydrocarbon producing zone, and the pore pressure P E is obtained by the following formula:
PE＝σv-(σv-Ph)(Δtnorm/Δt)x(1)
Where x is an index, σ v is vertical pressure, P h is hydrostatic pressure, Δt norm is normal compaction sonic moveout, Δt is sonic moveout in sonic moveout log data.
Further, the equivalent depth pressure prediction model is used for calculating the formation pressure in the underpressure pressurization area, and the pore pressure P U is obtained by the following formula:
PU＝PU'+(PLU-PLU')＝1/10*ρw*HU'+1/10*ρl*(HU-HU')(2)
Wherein P U' is the formation pressure value, in units of: MPa; p LU、PLU' is U, U' dead rock pressure, unit: MPa; ρ w and ρl are the formation water density value and the rock average density value, respectively, in units: g/cm 3;HU、HU' is U, U' point burial depth, unit: km.
Further, in step 3, an integer multiple 0.125n of the acoustic time difference data depth interval of 0.125m is selected, where n=1, 2,3 … i is a step length, a difference Δp between an average value Pn of the pressures in the step length of 0.125n and a depth pressure value Pi corresponding to the median step length of the step length is obtained, a variance of Δp is calculated, a step length X min when the variance first falls off to a minimum value is selected, and the pressure structure is thinned by taking X min as a step length.
Further, the average value P n of the pressure in the step is obtained by using the following formula:
wherein Pn is the average value of the pressure in the step length of integer multiple n of 0.125m, and n is the integer multiple value of 0.125 m;
The depth pressure value Pi corresponding to the median step of the step is obtained, the difference DeltaP between Pn and Pi is obtained by using a formula (3), and the variance S △P of DeltaP is calculated, namely:
In the above equation, pi is the pressure value of the depth corresponding to the step size n which is an integer multiple of 0.125m apart, and S ΔP is the variance of the difference Δp between Pn and Pi.
Further, in step 5, the pressure decay gradient change curve is corresponding to the pressure structure curve, and from the bottom of the pressure decay gradient change curve, a depth range from the zero value corresponding to the first pressure decay gradient at the upper part of the negative pressure decay gradient to the maximum value corresponding to the first pressure decay gradient at the upper part is the development range of the development overpressure top sealing layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The method fully considers the specificity of the attenuation gradient of the overpressure top seal layer, combines the pressure structure change rule and lithology combination characteristics, can accurately identify the development range of the overpressure top seal layer, divides the overpressure seal box in the next step, and provides a research foundation for knowing the hidden relationship between the overpressure seal box and oil gas.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for identifying an overpressure tip cap layer using a pressure decay gradient according to example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the study area data according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing identification of an overpressure transition zone in an investigation region according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of lithology recognition of an overpressure transition zone of a investigation region according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the identification of the overpressure transition zone of the investigation region under the mirror according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the division of an overpressure top seal layer in a research area according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a graph showing the identification result of the overpressure top seal layer according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms also are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof.
In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the method for identifying the overpressure-seal layer by using the pressure decay gradient comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting and arranging logging data, logging data and measured pressure data of a research area, predicting single well pressure of the research area by using an Eaton pressure prediction model and an equivalent depth pressure prediction model, and correcting by using the measured pressure;
In the embodiment of the invention, the logging data and the measured pressure data mainly comprise: stratigraphic layering data, lithology change data, stratigraphic water density data, rock density data, sonic jet lag logging data, density logging data, and measured pressure data. In the step, the lithology change data, the acoustic time difference data and the density data are combined with an Eaton pressure prediction model and an equivalent depth pressure prediction model to predict the pressures of different layers of a research area, and the measured pressure is used for correction.
Specifically, the Eaton pressure prediction model is used for calculation of overpressure in the hydrocarbon producing zone, and the pore pressure P E is obtained by the following formula:
PE＝σv-(σv-Ph)(Δtnorm/Δt)x (1)
Where x is an index, σ v is vertical pressure, P h is hydrostatic pressure, Δt norm is normal compaction sonic moveout, Δt is sonic moveout in sonic moveout log data.
The equivalent depth pressure prediction model is used for calculating formation pressure of the underpressure pressurization area, and the pore pressure P U is obtained through the following formula:
PU＝PU'+(PLU-PLU')＝1/10*ρw*HU'+1/10*ρl*(HU-HU') (2)
Wherein P U' is the formation pressure value, in units of: MPa; p LU、PLU' is U, U' dead rock pressure, unit: MPa; ρ w、ρl is the formation water density value, the rock average density value, in units: g/cm 3;HU、HU' is U, U' point burial depth, unit: km.
By establishing the relation between the acoustic time difference logging and the burial depth and judging the pressurizing mechanism, the formation pressure is predicted by using the formula (1) and the formula (2), and the actual measured pressure is used for correction, so that the predicted pressure error is ensured to be within 5%.
And 2, dividing the pressure structure curve by using a trend line representing the vertical change of the pressure, which is formed in the vertical direction by the pressure prediction result in the step 1.
Step 3, selecting an integer multiple 0.125n of a sound wave time difference data depth interval of 0.125m, wherein n=1, 2,3 … i is a step length, calculating a difference DeltaP between an average value Pn of pressure in the step length of 0.125n and a depth pressure value Pi corresponding to a median step length of the step length, calculating a variance of DeltaP, selecting a step length Xmin when the variance is at a minimum value of a first descent segment, and thinning the pressure structure by taking Xmin as the step length;
Specifically, the collected single-well acoustic time difference data is used, and the integral multiple (n, n=1, 2,3 …) of the standard acoustic time difference data interval of 0.125m is taken as a step length, so that the average value Pn of the pressure in the step length of 0.125n is obtained, namely:
In the above formula, pn is the average value of the pressure in the step length of integer multiple n of 0.125m, and n is the integer multiple value of 0.125 m.
Meanwhile, a depth pressure value (Pi) corresponding to the step median step is obtained, a difference DeltaP between (Pn) and (Pi) is obtained by using a formula (3), and a variance S △P of DeltaP is calculated, namely:
In the above formula, pi is a pressure value of a depth corresponding to a step size of integer multiple n of 0.125m, and S △P is a variance of a difference DeltaP between Pn and Pi;
And (3) selecting the step length 0.125n of the variance S △P when the minimum value of the first descent segment is selected according to the formula (4), and obtaining the pressure value corresponding to the step length, wherein the vertical change rule of the pressure value represents the development characteristic of the single-well vertical pressure system.
Step 4, calculating the Xmin as a pressure attenuation gradient under the corresponding step length, and drawing a vertical pressure attenuation gradient change curve;
in the embodiment of the invention, the pressure attenuation gradient GP of the depth under the step length Xmin is calculated, namely:
GP＝(PBn-PTn)/0.125n (5)
in the above formula, P Bn、PTn is the bottom and top formation pressure values in units of: MPa;0.125n is the formation interval step, unit: m.
And (5) drawing a vertical pressure decay gradient change curve according to the pressure decay gradient obtained in the formula (5).
And 5, corresponding the pressure attenuation gradient change curve to the pressure structure curve, and starting from the bottom of the pressure attenuation gradient change curve, obtaining a development range of the development overpressure top sealing layer from the depth corresponding to zero value of the first pressure attenuation gradient at the upper part of the negative pressure attenuation gradient to the depth corresponding to the maximum value of the first pressure attenuation gradient at the upper part.
Example 2
The method for identifying the overpressure top seal layer by utilizing the pressure attenuation gradient selects an overpressure layer section of the east-camp sunken cattle village depression area of the Bohai Bay basin as a research area, and comprises the following specific steps:
step one, data collection, arrangement and pressure prediction:
And collecting and arranging geological data of the overpressure interval of the eastern-ying sunken oxen-depression area of the Bohai Bay basin, wherein the geological data comprise stratum layering data, lithology data, stratum water density data, rock density data, sonic time difference logging data, density logging data and measured pressure data (figure 2). And (3) respectively carrying out pressure prediction on the four-sand one-section stratum of the 96 ports Shan Jingsha in the cattle depression area by utilizing the formula (1) and the formula (2), carrying out prediction pressure correction by utilizing the actually measured pressure, wherein the error rate is below 5%, and the calculation results are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1
Step two, dividing a pressure structure:
the pressure structure is divided according to a trend line representing the vertical change of the pressure, which is formed by the pressure prediction result in the vertical direction. Taking the main depression center king 550 well as an example, the pressure structure division result is shown in fig. 3.
Step three, thinning the pressure structure;
Taking a main depression center king 550 well as an example, selecting an integral multiple (n, n=1, 2,3 …, 18800) of the single well acoustic wave time difference depth interval of 0.125m as a step length, calculating an average value Pn of unsynchronized long internal pressures according to a formula (3), simultaneously calculating a depth pressure value Pi corresponding to the step length of the step length median, calculating a difference value between the two pressure values, calculating a variance S ΔP of the difference value of the two pressure values by using a formula (4), selecting a minimum step length corresponding to a first descent segment of the variance S ΔP (fig. 4), when n=320 and the step length of 0.125 n=40 m are at the minimum value in the first descent segment, selecting n=320, calculating a pressure value corresponding to the step length of 40m, and enabling a vertical change rule of the pressure value to represent the development characteristics of the single well vertical pressure system more accurately, so that the pressure structure is thinned, and a pressure structure thinning result is shown in fig. 5.
Step four, calculating a pressure attenuation gradient;
and calculating the pressure attenuation gradient corresponding to each depth when the step length is 40m, and drawing a vertical pressure attenuation gradient change curve according to the calculated pressure attenuation gradient, wherein the result is shown in fig. 6.
Step five, identifying an overpressure top sealing layer;
and (3) corresponding the pressure attenuation gradient change curve to the pressure structure curve, starting from the bottom of the pressure attenuation gradient change curve, and determining the depth range from zero corresponding to the first pressure attenuation gradient at the upper part of the negative pressure attenuation gradient to the maximum corresponding depth of the first pressure attenuation gradient at the upper part as the development range of the development overpressure top sealing layer, wherein the identification result of the overpressure top sealing layer is shown in fig. 7.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for identifying an overpressure-seal layer using a pressure decay gradient, comprising the steps of:
step 1, predicting single well pressure in a research area;
Step 2, drawing a pressure structure curve, and dividing the curve;
Step 3, thinning the pressure structure curve;
step 4, calculating a pressure attenuation gradient and drawing a vertical pressure attenuation gradient change curve;
Step 5, dividing the overpressure top seal layer according to the positive and negative values of the pressure attenuation gradient change and lithology combination rules;
In step 3, selecting an integer multiple 0.125n of the acoustic time difference data depth interval of 0.125m as a step length, wherein n=1, 2,3 … i, calculating a difference DeltaP between an average value Pn of the pressure in the step length of 0.125n and a depth pressure value Pi corresponding to the median of the step length, calculating a variance of DeltaP, selecting a step length X min of the variance when the variance is at the minimum value of the first descent segment, and thinning the pressure structure curve by taking X min as the step length;
the average value of the pressure in this step P n is found using the following formula:
wherein Pn is the average value of the pressure in the step length of integer multiple n of 0.125m, and n is the integer multiple value of 0.125 m;
the depth pressure value Pi corresponding to the step median is obtained, the difference DeltaP between Pn and Pi is obtained by using a formula (3), and the variance S △P of DeltaP is calculated, namely:
In the above formula, pi is the pressure value of the depth corresponding to the median of the step length n of integer multiple of 0.125m, and S △P is the variance of the difference DeltaP between Pn and Pi;
in step 4, calculating the Xmin as the pressure attenuation gradient under the corresponding step length, and drawing a vertical pressure attenuation gradient change curve;
the pressure attenuation gradient GP of the depth under the step length Xmin is calculated, namely:
GP＝(PBn-PTn)/0.125n (5)
In the above formula, P Bn、PTn is the bottom and top formation pressure values in units of: MPa;0.125n is the formation interval step, unit: m;
in step 5, the pressure decay gradient change curve is corresponding to the pressure structure curve, and the range from the zero value corresponding depth of the first pressure decay gradient at the upper part of the negative pressure decay gradient to the maximum value corresponding depth of the first pressure decay gradient at the upper part is the development range of the development overpressure top sealing layer from the bottom of the pressure decay gradient change curve.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 1, logging data, and measured pressure data for a study area are collected, and wherein the study area single well pressure is predicted using an Eaton pressure prediction model and an equivalent depth pressure prediction model, and corrected using measured pressure.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the Eaton pressure prediction model is used for calculation of excess pressure in the hydrocarbon producing zone, and the pore pressure P E is obtained by the following formula:
PE＝σv-(σv-Ph)(Δtnorm/Δt)x (1)
Where x is an index, σ v is vertical pressure, P h is hydrostatic pressure, Δt norm is normal compaction sonic moveout, Δt is sonic moveout in sonic moveout log data.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the equivalent depth pressure predictive model is used for formation pressure calculations in the underfilling pressurized region, and the pore pressure P U is obtained by the following equation:
PU＝PU'+(PLU-PLU')＝1/10*ρw*HU'+1/10*ρl*(HU-HU') (2)
Wherein P U' is the formation pressure value, in units of: MPa; p LU、PLU' is U, U' dead rock pressure, unit: MPa; ρ w、ρl is the formation water density value, the rock average density value, in units: g/cm 3;HU、HU' is U, U' point burial depth, unit: km.
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