CN115680633A - Information transmission device and information transmission method for oil production well - Google Patents
Information transmission device and information transmission method for oil production well Download PDFInfo
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- CN115680633A CN115680633A CN202211720702.8A CN202211720702A CN115680633A CN 115680633 A CN115680633 A CN 115680633A CN 202211720702 A CN202211720702 A CN 202211720702A CN 115680633 A CN115680633 A CN 115680633A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an information transmission device and an information transmission method for an oil production well, which comprise the following steps: the information conversion module is used for converting the information to be transmitted into a signal to be transmitted; the signal coding module is used for coding the signal to be transmitted into a coded signal; the signal transmission module is used for controlling the oil pumping unit to modulate the coded signal into a motion signal of the oil pumping rod according to the coded signal and transmitting the coded signal to the signal decoding module through the motion signal of the oil pumping rod; the signal decoding module is used for decoding the motion signal into the signal to be transmitted; and the information restoration module is used for converting the signal to be transmitted into the information to be transmitted. The information transmission device and the information transmission method provided by the invention use the existing lifting device to carry out information bidirectional transmission, have strong universality and low cost, can be repeatedly used, can be connected with other underground intelligent equipment to complete various oil well measures, and have strong expansibility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of information transmission, in particular to an information transmission device and an information transmission method mainly used for an oil production well.
Background
In recent years, in the middle and later stages of development of conventional oil and gas resources, the problems of high water content, high dispersion of residual oil, interlayer contradiction and the like become severe, and newly developed oil and gas resources gradually develop towards unconventional and complex geological conditions, so that a digital and intelligent oil and gas field development technology is urgently needed to realize multi-oil and gas layer layered exploitation and optimized production management.
In the lifting mode of the current domestic oil field exploitation, a ground pumping unit is used for driving an underground plunger pump to account for over 90 percent, and the underground plunger pump is in the leading position in oil extraction engineering. By carrying out real-time online measurement on parameters such as the underground working fluid level, the water content, the multiphase flow rate, the temperature, the pressure and the like of the sucker-rod plunger pump, the adjustment of oil well swabbing parameters is guided, the optimized control of sucker-rod pump oil production can be realized, the system efficiency and the economic benefit are improved, and the potential of an oil layer is excavated to the maximum extent. Meanwhile, massive basic data support is provided for oil field digital development.
The intelligent well completion is a leading-edge technology integrating downhole dynamic monitoring and production real-time control, can optimize production, manage oil reservoirs and improve recovery efficiency, is a key link of a digital oil field, and is a representative technology of the current development trend of oil and gas exploitation. Compared with the conventional well completion, the intelligent well completion technology realizes the real-time closed-loop control of oil and gas well exploitation, solves the interlayer interference problem in the exploitation of oil and gas wells with multiple oil reservoir sections and branch wells, avoids or reduces the interference of conventional testing and well repairing operations on normal production, prolongs the production period of the oil well, has remarkable advantages and huge development potential, and has important significance for improving the yield of the oil and gas well, guiding the optimization development of the oil and gas reservoir and promoting the development of the oil and gas field to the direction of digitalization and intellectualization. The research on the technology is deepened and matured in foreign countries, and the application range and the scale are increasingly expanded, but the intelligent well completion technology is not suitable for the domestic well conditions due to the limitation of objective conditions such as technology, cost, yield and the like.
In the intelligent well completion system, the ground equipment and the underground equipment are connected by cables, so that the important functions of energy sources and transmission channels are achieved, the cables comprise hydraulic pipelines or cables, the well is expensive due to the depth, high temperature and high pressure of the well, and damage is easily caused in the running-in process, so that high hardware cost and risk cost are brought. If the technical method of wireless transmission and energy supply of the oil production well can be formed, the cost and the construction difficulty are necessarily reduced greatly, and the development of the layered oil production and production technology to the direction of low cost and practicability is forcefully promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the art described above. Therefore, the invention aims to provide an information transmission device and an information transmission method for an oil production well, which do not depend on hydraulic pipelines or cables and have simple structures, and aims to solve the problems of high hardware cost and high risk cost in the current intelligent well completion system.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a downhole wireless transmission device for an oil production well, comprising:
the information conversion module is used for converting the information to be transmitted into a signal to be transmitted;
the signal encoding module is used for encoding the signal to be transmitted into an encoding signal;
the signal transmission module is used for controlling the oil pumping unit to modulate the coded signal into a motion signal of the sucker rod according to the coded signal and transmitting the coded signal to the signal decoding module through the motion signal of the sucker rod;
the signal decoding module is used for decoding the motion signal into the signal to be transmitted;
and the information restoration module is used for converting the signal to be transmitted into the information to be transmitted.
Preferably, the signal transmission module comprises a pumping unit, a sucker rod and an oil pipe; the information conversion module and the signal coding module are arranged in the oil pumping unit controller; the signal decoding module and the information restoring module are arranged in underground information receiving equipment.
Preferably, an underground transmission controller is further arranged between the pumping unit and the underground information receiving equipment; the downhole transmission controller comprising: a transmission rod, a hollow shell, a blanking plug controller, a control circuit and a transmission mechanism, wherein,
the transmission rod is nested outside the sucker rod;
the hollow shell is fixed outside the oil pipe in a nested manner;
a first cavity and a second cavity are arranged in the hollow shell, a first channel and a second channel are arranged between the first cavity and the second cavity, and the transmission rod is positioned in the second channel and forms dynamic seal with the side wall of the second channel;
a sealing cavity is also arranged in the hollow shell;
the control circuit is positioned in the sealed cavity; the first end of the transmission mechanism is positioned in the sealing cavity, and the second end of the transmission assembly is movably connected with the transmission rod; a first end of the occlusion controller is positioned within the sealed cavity and a second end of the occlusion controller is positioned within the second cavity; the first end of the obturator is telescopically mounted inside the second end of the obturator controller, the obturator being coaxial with the first passageway.
Preferably, the transmission rod is a rack transmission rod; the transmission mechanism is a gear.
Preferably, the control circuit comprises a sensor and a driving motor, wherein,
the sensor is used for acquiring the motion parameters of the transmission mechanism; the sensor is also used for determining the motion position information of the transmission rod according to the motion parameters and determining the modulation time point for modulating the uploading information according to the motion position information;
and the driving motor is used for driving the blanking plug at the second end of the blanking plug controller to extend and contract under the driving and control of the control circuit.
Preferably, when the blanking plug is in the contraction position, the suspension point load of the pumping unit is a reference value; when the occluder is in a maximum elongation position, a second end of the occluder abuts the first passage, the first passage is closed, and the suspension point load is higher than the reference value;
the information restoration module is also used for converting the information to be uploaded into a signal to be uploaded;
the signal decoding module is further used for encoding the signal to be uploaded into an uploading signal code;
the signal decoding module is further used for controlling the underground transmission controller to modulate the uploading signal code into a signal of a suspension point load of the oil pumping unit;
the signal coding module is also used for decoding a signal of the suspension point load of the oil pumping unit into the signal to be uploaded;
the information conversion module is further configured to restore the signal to be uploaded into the information to be uploaded.
Preferably, the pumping unit is configured to control the pumping rod and the transmission rod to move under the control of the signal transmission module, so as to drive the transmission mechanism to rotate, and modulate information to be downloaded into rotation angle information of the transmission mechanism.
Preferably, the transmission mechanism is also connected with a generator.
A second aspect of the present invention provides an information transmission method for a production well, comprising:
converting the information to be transmitted into a signal to be transmitted by using an information conversion module;
encoding the signal to be transmitted into an encoded signal by using a signal encoding module;
controlling the oil pumping unit to modulate the coded signal into a motion signal of the sucker rod by using a signal transmission module according to the coded signal, and transmitting the coded signal to a signal decoding module through the motion signal of the sucker rod;
decoding the motion signal into the signal to be transmitted by using a signal decoding module;
and converting the signal to be transmitted into the information to be transmitted by using an information restoration module.
Preferably, the same modulation and demodulation coding rule is adopted for the modulation and demodulation of the downhole uploaded information and the modulation and demodulation of the downhole uploaded information.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the underground wireless bidirectional transmission method provided by the invention uses the existing lifting device to carry out bidirectional information transmission, does not need to customize and modify the existing lifting device except adding a set of underground transmission controller, has strong universality, low cost and reusability, can be connected with other underground intelligent equipment to complete various oil well measures, and has strong expansibility.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of an information transmission device for a production well;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a downhole transmission controller;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the hanging point load when the downhole transmission controller is in operation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an information transfer method for a producing well;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of information uploading;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of information download;
reference numerals: 1. an upper sucker rod; 2. an upper oil pipe; 3. a hollow housing; 4. a transmission rod; 5. a blanking plug; 6. a jam controller; 7. sealing the cavity; 8. a transmission mechanism; 9. a lower sucker rod; 10. a lower oil pipe.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that they are presented herein only to illustrate and explain the present invention and not to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 is an information transmission apparatus for a production well according to the present invention, including:
the information conversion module is used for converting the information to be transmitted into a signal to be transmitted;
the signal encoding module is used for encoding the signal to be transmitted into an encoding signal;
the signal transmission module is used for controlling the oil pumping unit to modulate the coded signal into a motion signal of the sucker rod according to the coded signal and transmitting the coded signal to the signal decoding module through the motion signal of the sucker rod;
the signal decoding module is used for decoding the motion signal into the signal to be transmitted;
and the information restoration module is used for converting the signal to be transmitted into the information to be transmitted.
In some embodiments of the invention, the signal transmission module comprises a pumping unit, a pumping rod and an oil pipe; the information conversion module and the signal coding module are arranged in the oil pumping unit controller; the signal decoding module and the information restoring module are arranged in the underground information receiving equipment, an underground transmission controller is also arranged between the pumping unit and the underground information receiving equipment, and fig. 2 is the underground transmission controller provided by the invention, which comprises: a transmission rod 4, a hollow shell 3, a blanking plug 5, a blanking plug controller 6, a control circuit and a transmission mechanism 8, wherein,
the transmission rod 4 is nested outside the sucker rod;
the hollow shell 3 is fixed outside the oil pipe in a nested manner;
a first cavity and a second cavity are arranged in the hollow shell 3, a first channel and a second channel are arranged between the first cavity and the second cavity, and the transmission rod 4 is positioned in the second channel and forms dynamic seal with the side wall of the second channel;
the interior of the hollow shell 3 is also provided with a sealing cavity 7; the control circuit is positioned in the sealed cavity 7; the first end of the transmission mechanism 8 is positioned in the sealed cavity 7, and the second end of the transmission assembly is movably connected with the transmission rod 4; a first end of the plugging controller 6 is positioned in the sealing cavity 7, and a second end of the plugging controller 6 is positioned in the second cavity; a first end of the obturator 5 is telescopically mounted inside a second end of the obturator controller 6, the obturator 5 being coaxial with the first passageway.
The transmission rod 4 is used as a boundary, the sucker rod on the upper part of the transmission rod 4 is an upper sucker rod 1, and the sucker rod on the lower part of the transmission rod 4 is a lower sucker rod 9; the hollow shell 3 is used as a boundary, an oil pipe at the upper part of the hollow shell 3 is an upper oil pipe 2, and an oil pipe lower part oil pipe 10 at the lower part of the hollow shell 3;
in some embodiments of the invention, the downhole transmission controller satisfies:
a. the sucker rod assembly and the hollow shell form a dynamic sealing section;
b. the hollow shell is internally provided with a medium channel connected with the upper cavity and the lower cavity of the dynamic sealing section;
c. the device is provided with a control assembly and a blanking plug, and can controllably complete the blockage or open the medium channel;
d. the transmission assembly can be matched with the rack rod to convert the reciprocating linear motion of the sucker rod into reciprocating rotary motion and can obtain the information of the rotating angle;
e. the rotary motion shaft end of the transmission assembly is provided with a generator.
Any one or more of the features described above may be combined with one or more other features without causing conflict or conflict. Due to the flexibility of the mechanical design, any structure with the above features should be considered as the protection content of this patent.
The rack bar that this embodiment adopted is cylindric T shape groove rack bar, and blanking plug 5 is the toper end cap, and control assembly adopts rotating electrical machines to drive lead screw nut and realizes the rising or the decline of blanking plug 5, accomplishes medium passageway's jam or opens, and transmission assembly adopts the straight toothed spur gear that gradually bursts at seams of radial installation, realizes the cooperation with the rack bar.
In some embodiments of the invention, the rack bar forms a better dynamic seal with the inner bore of the hollow housing 3. The ground pumping unit drives the sucker rod and the plunger of the plunger pump to reciprocate up and down, the plunger pump works normally, and a medium flows into the oil pipe from the plunger of the plunger pump and flows upwards to enter an inner hole of a hollow shell 3 of the underground transmission controller. When the plug 5 is in the position shown in the figure, the medium can pass through the unclosed channel of the plug 5, bypass the dynamic sealing position, enter the inner hole at the upper part of the hollow shell 3 and continue to flow upwards and normally lift to the ground. The ground suspension point load at this time is shown by the solid line in fig. 3.
When the plunger pump is in an up stroke, the control circuit and the motor drive the blanking plug 5 to move upwards to block the medium inlet inside the hollow shell 3, so that the medium can not flow upwards continuously, the internal pressure in the lower part of the hollow shell 3 is increased, the pressure in the upper part of the plunger pump plunger is increased and is higher than the pressure in normal lifting, and the ground suspension point load is increased and is higher than the load in normal lifting, as shown in the curve rising section in fig. 3. Conversely, when the load rises to the ground sufficiently to be sensed, the blanking plug 5 is driven by the control circuit and the motor to move downwards, the medium inlet inside the hollow shell 3 is opened, the medium continues to flow upwards, the internal pressure in the lower part of the hollow shell 3 is reduced, the pressure in the upper part of the plunger pump is reduced and is restored to the pressure during normal lifting, the load at the ground suspension point is reduced and is restored to the load during normal lifting, and load pulse is formed as shown in the curve in fig. 3.
Through the actions, the information needing to be uploaded underground can be modulated on the upper stroke section of the ground suspension point load curve, and the underground modulated information can be demodulated by the ground oil pumping unit controller through a coding rule and a transmission protocol which are formulated in advance, so that the information uploading is realized.
The ground information transmission principle of waiting for downloading is as follows: ground beam-pumping unit passes through driving motor control sucker rod reciprocating motion from top to bottom, and the sucker rod is reciprocating motion about the rack bar synchronization of connecting in the pit, and transmission assembly and the rack bar cooperation in the transmission control ware in the pit accomplish the transmission and the conversion of motion, convert the straight reciprocating motion of rack bar into reciprocating rotary motion to add the sensor and carry out the rotation angle monitoring, thereby obtain the rack bar and be the motion position information of sucker rod, the effect of this information includes: 1. providing an upper stroke position for the modulation of the uploaded information, so that the uploaded information is selected to be modulated at a proper moment; 2. and obtaining the motion information of the sucker rod. The ground oil pumping machine controller modulates the downlink information on normal reciprocating motion by controlling the motion parameters of the oil pumping machine driving motor, such as speed, position, pause and the like, and the underground transmission controller acquires the motion information to realize the demodulation of the downlink information.
Meanwhile, the generator is connected to the side of the reciprocating rotary motion rotated out by the transmission component of the underground transmission controller, so that the sucker rod can reciprocate up and down to generate power, and energy can be supplied to underground information receiving equipment or other devices.
As shown in fig. 4, the present invention provides an information transmission method for a production well, comprising:
converting information to be transmitted into a signal to be transmitted by using an information conversion module;
encoding the signal to be transmitted into an encoded signal by using a signal encoding module;
controlling the oil pumping unit to modulate the coded signal into a motion signal of the sucker rod by using a signal transmission module according to the coded signal, and transmitting the coded signal to a signal decoding module through the motion signal of the sucker rod;
decoding the motion signal into the signal to be transmitted by using a signal decoding module;
and converting the signal to be transmitted into the information to be transmitted by using an information restoration module.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the specific method for uploading downhole information is:
1. definition of data bits: as shown in fig. 5, the upstroke time is divided into a first half and a second half. In the first half or the second half, if the underground transmission controller needs to send 1-bit data 1, the blanking plug closes and reopens the medium channel once in the time period; and if the downhole transmission controller needs to send 1-bit data 0, the blanking plug does not act in the time period, and the opening state of the medium channel is kept. Similarly, if the ground monitors the load pulse, the data 1 of the 1 bit is considered to be received; if the ground is monitoring the load pulse, it is considered that 1 bit of data 0 is received.
2. Transmission of 8-bit binary data: according to the method described above, two binary data bits may be sent per up-stroke. 2 data bits 11 are sent as the start bits for this data. Second, in the next 4 upstrokes, 8 data bits are sent sequentially, each time from high to low. For example, transmitting decimal data 100, corresponding to 2 data bits 01100100, the downhole device first transmits 11 as a start bit, transmitting 01, 10, 01, 00 on each upstroke in turn. The surface monitoring device, upon receiving this data, interprets it as receiving the decimal data 100.
In this embodiment, the specific method for downloading the information on the well is as follows:
1. definition of data bits: as shown in fig. 6, assuming that the period of the normal lift stroke is 10 seconds, when the period time of one lift stroke is set to be within the range of 8-12 seconds, the downhole information receiving device considers that a 0 is received; setting a lift stroke cycle time greater than 13 seconds, the downhole device assumes that a 1 is received. The pumping unit controller on the ground can control the period of one lifting stroke within a required range by controlling the rotating speed of the pumping unit motor, so that the transmission of a binary data bit is completed.
2. Transmission of 8-bit binary data: according to the method described above, 1 binary data bit may be transmitted per lifting stroke. As shown in fig. 6, the surface pump controller first reduces the motor speed at the beginning of the lift cycle so that the cycle time exceeds 13 seconds, runs for 1 cycle, and the downhole equipment receives a 1 as the start bit. Secondly, when the ground oil pumping unit controller starts each lifting cycle, the rotation speed of the driving motor is adjusted according to the binary data bits required to be sent in the cycle. As shown in fig. 6, the surface pump control sends data bits 01100100 in sequence, which are interpreted by the downhole device as a receipt of decimal data 100.
In this embodiment, the modulation for the uplink information and the modulation for the downlink information use the same modulation and coding rule.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows: because the ground pumping unit is connected with the underground oil well pump through the sucker rod, the rod driving mode provides a foundation for wireless transmission and energy transfer. Through set up information transmission controlgear inside and outside sucker rod and oil pipe, change original wired transmission information into the two-way radio communication who utilizes sucker rod motion transmission information.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are as follows: the invention can provide electric energy and transmission channels for underground environment. The tool can be used independently, long-term monitoring is carried out on underground working conditions and transmitted to the ground, the tool can also be used in combination with other electric control underground tools, parameters of other electric control tools can be transmitted to the ground, control instructions on the ground can be transmitted to other electric control tools to be executed, and electric energy can be provided for other electric control tools.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. An information transmission device for a production well, comprising:
the information conversion module is used for converting the information to be transmitted into a signal to be transmitted;
the signal coding module is used for coding the signal to be transmitted into a coded signal;
the signal transmission module is used for controlling the oil pumping unit to modulate the coded signal into a motion signal of the oil pumping rod according to the coded signal and transmitting the coded signal to the signal decoding module through the motion signal of the oil pumping rod;
the signal decoding module is used for decoding the motion signal into the signal to be transmitted;
and the information restoration module is used for converting the signal to be transmitted into the information to be transmitted.
2. The information transmission apparatus for an oil production well according to claim 1, wherein the signal transmission module comprises a pumping unit, a pumping rod and an oil pipe; the information conversion module and the signal coding module are arranged in the oil pumping unit controller; the signal decoding module and the information restoring module are arranged in underground information receiving equipment.
3. The information transmission apparatus for an oil recovery well according to claim 2, wherein a downhole transmission controller is further provided between the pumping unit and the downhole information receiving device; the downhole transmission controller comprising: a transmission rod, a hollow shell, a blanking plug controller, a control circuit and a transmission mechanism, wherein,
the transmission rod is nested outside the sucker rod;
the hollow shell is fixed outside the oil pipe in a nested manner;
a first cavity and a second cavity are arranged in the hollow shell, a first channel and a second channel are arranged between the first cavity and the second cavity, and the transmission rod is positioned in the second channel and forms dynamic seal with the side wall of the second channel;
a sealing cavity is also arranged in the hollow shell;
the control circuit is positioned in the sealed cavity; the first end of the transmission mechanism is positioned in the sealing cavity, and the second end of the transmission mechanism is movably connected with the transmission rod; a first end of the occlusion controller is positioned within the sealed cavity and a second end of the occlusion controller is positioned within the second cavity; the first end of the obturator is telescopically mounted inside the second end of the obturator controller, the obturator being coaxial with the first passageway.
4. An information transfer device for a producing well according to claim 3, wherein said transmission rod is a rack transmission rod; the transmission mechanism is a gear.
5. The information transmission apparatus for a producing well according to claim 3, wherein the control circuit includes a sensor and a driving motor, wherein,
the sensor is used for acquiring the motion parameters of the transmission mechanism; the sensor is also used for determining the motion position information of the transmission rod according to the motion parameters and determining the modulation time point for modulating the information to be uploaded according to the motion position information;
and the driving motor is used for driving the plug at the second end of the plug controller to extend and contract under the driving and control of the control circuit.
6. The information transmission apparatus for a producing well according to claim 5, wherein a hanging point load of the pumping unit is a reference value when the packer is in the contracted position; when the plug is in the maximum extension position, the second end of the plug is abutted with the first channel, the first channel is closed, and the suspension point load is higher than the reference value;
the information restoration module is also used for converting the information to be uploaded into a signal to be uploaded;
the signal decoding module is further used for encoding the signal to be uploaded into an uploading signal code;
the signal decoding module is further used for controlling the underground transmission controller to modulate the uploading signal code into a signal of a suspension point load of the oil pumping unit;
the signal coding module is also used for decoding the signal of the suspension point load of the oil pumping unit into the signal to be uploaded;
the information conversion module is further configured to restore the signal to be uploaded into the information to be uploaded.
7. The information transmission device for the oil production well according to any one of the claims 1 to 5, wherein the oil pumping unit is used for controlling the movement of the pumping rod and the transmission rod under the control of the signal transmission module so as to drive the transmission mechanism to rotate, and the information to be downloaded is modulated into the rotation angle information of the transmission mechanism.
8. An information transfer device for a production well according to claim 1, wherein said transmission mechanism is further connected to an electric generator.
9. An information transmission method for an information transmission apparatus for a producing well according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
converting the information to be transmitted into a signal to be transmitted by using an information conversion module;
encoding the signal to be transmitted into an encoded signal by using a signal encoding module;
utilizing a signal transmission module to control the oil pumping unit to modulate the coded signal into a motion signal of the oil pumping rod according to the coded signal, and transmitting the coded signal to a signal decoding module through the motion signal of the oil pumping rod;
decoding the motion signal into the signal to be transmitted by using a signal decoding module;
and converting the signal to be transmitted into the information to be transmitted by using an information restoration module.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the same codec rules are used for the modulation and demodulation of the downhole uploaded information and for the modulation and demodulation of the downhole uploaded information.
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