CN115679516B - A special-shaped composite three-dimensional preform weaving machine and weaving method - Google Patents
A special-shaped composite three-dimensional preform weaving machine and weaving method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115679516B CN115679516B CN202211021281.XA CN202211021281A CN115679516B CN 115679516 B CN115679516 B CN 115679516B CN 202211021281 A CN202211021281 A CN 202211021281A CN 115679516 B CN115679516 B CN 115679516B
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种异型复材三维预制体编织机及织造方法，包括底座、定位板、托板座、第一钢梳、第二钢梳、喂纱头、喂纱头移动装置、插入件、钢梳垂直导向柱和垂直伸缩缸；托板座固定在底座中央的上方，定位板放置在托板座上，定位板上均匀设置有通孔，若干插入件的一端插入通孔并抵在托板座上表面，形成碳棒丛；喂纱头移动装置设置在插入件的上方，喂纱头设置在喂纱头移动装置上；本发明一种异型复材三维预制体编织机及织造方法较现有轴棒编织设备自动化更高并且能够编织各种异型的三维预制体，满足新一代航发复材涡轮叶片和火箭零部件对预制体的需求。
A special-shaped composite three-dimensional preform weaving machine and weaving method, comprising a base, a positioning plate, a support plate seat, a first steel comb, a second steel comb, a yarn feeding head, a yarn feeding head moving device, an insert, a steel comb vertical guide column and a vertical telescopic cylinder; the support plate seat is fixed above the center of the base, the positioning plate is placed on the support plate seat, through holes are evenly arranged on the positioning plate, one end of a plurality of inserts are inserted into the through holes and abut against the upper surface of the support plate seat to form a carbon rod bundle; the yarn feeding head moving device is arranged above the insert, and the yarn feeding head is arranged on the yarn feeding head moving device; the special-shaped composite three-dimensional preform weaving machine and weaving method of the present invention are more automated than the existing shaft rod weaving equipment and can weave various special-shaped three-dimensional preforms, meeting the needs of a new generation of aero-engine composite turbine blades and rocket parts for preforms.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of three-dimensional preform braiding, and particularly relates to a braiding machine and a braiding method for a special-shaped composite material three-dimensional preform.
Background
The weft yarns in different directions of the woven three-dimensional preform are straight and perpendicular to the shaft rod, so that the requirement of complex structures such as composite blades on mechanical properties is not met, and in addition, the existing shaft rod method carbon fiber three-dimensional weaving cannot achieve full automation of the manufacturing process. The technical scheme shown in CN103757818B can only be used for braiding throat liners with simple solid or hollow structures and forklift disc preforms, cannot braid complex three-dimensional preforms such as turbine blades with local faults between the upper part and the lower part, and the braiding process must be performed manually assisted in beating-up, so that full-automatic continuous operation cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a braiding machine and a braiding method for a three-dimensional prefabricated body of a special-shaped composite material, which are used for solving the problems that the prior art is not suitable for complex structures such as composite material turbine blades and the like and has requirements on mechanical properties.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A braiding machine for a special-shaped composite three-dimensional preform comprises a base, a locating plate, a supporting plate seat, a first steel comb, a second steel comb, yarn feeding heads, yarn feeding head moving devices, an inserting piece, a steel comb vertical guide column and a vertical telescopic cylinder; the insert is a carbon rod, the supporting plate seat is fixed above the center of the base, the positioning plate is placed on the supporting plate seat, through holes are uniformly formed in the positioning plate, and one ends of the carbon rods are inserted into the through holes and abutted against the upper surface of the supporting plate seat to form a carbon rod cluster; the yarn feeding head moving device is arranged above the carbon rod, and the yarn feeding head is arranged on the yarn feeding head moving device; the base is provided with steel comb vertical guide posts and vertical telescopic cylinders, wherein the number of the steel comb vertical guide posts is equal, limit baffles are arranged at the tops of the vertical guide posts of the first steel comb and the second steel comb, the first steel comb limit baffles are lower than the limit baffles of the second steel comb, the top position of the first steel comb is a braiding position, the second steel comb or the first steel comb is arranged at the top of the vertical telescopic cylinder, and the first steel comb and the second steel comb are oppositely arranged in parallel; both the first steel comb and the second steel comb can be inserted into the gaps of the carbon rod clusters.
Further, the first steel comb and the second steel comb all contain at least 2 independent steel combs, every steel comb is all settled at the flexible end of independent horizontal telescopic cylinder, horizontal telescopic cylinder sets up on perpendicular guide post, all be equipped with an independent perpendicular telescopic cylinder below every horizontal telescopic cylinder, be provided with first perpendicular limit baffle on the first horizontal telescopic cylinder, be provided with the perpendicular limit baffle of second on the flexible jar of second, the position of first perpendicular limit baffle is less than the perpendicular limit baffle of second.
Further, corresponding to the carbon rod that 90 quadrature was laid, first steel comb contains two steel combs that mutually perpendicular laid, corresponds 120 carbon rod that lays, and every group steel comb has three steel combs that each other is 120 and lay, and the setting direction of every steel comb is parallel with the range of carbon rod cluster and the broach just is to the centre joint of two adjacent carbon rod ranks, and every steel comb of first steel comb is arranged with the steel comb opposition of second steel comb respectively.
Further, the upper end of each carbon rod is sleeved with a metal head sleeve with a spherical end, the diameter or width of comb teeth of the first steel comb is smaller than the interval between the carbon rods, the diameter or width of comb teeth of the second steel comb is smaller than the interval between the carbon rod head sleeves, and the center distance of adjacent comb teeth is equal to the center distance of adjacent carbon rod rows and columns.
Further, the insert is a metal needle, and the upper end of the metal needle is provided with a wire hanging hook; the diameter of the top end of each metal needle is larger than that of other parts, the diameter or width of the comb teeth of the first steel comb is smaller than the interval between the metal needles, the diameter or width of the comb teeth of the second steel comb is smaller than the interval between the upper ends of the metal needles, and the center distance of the adjacent comb teeth is equal to the center distance of the adjacent metal needle rows and columns.
Further, the yarn feeding head moving device comprises a triaxial movement servo driving device and a yarn feeding device support, the yarn feeding device support is arranged on the base, and the triaxial movement servo driving device is arranged at the top of the yarn feeding device support; the yarn feeding head is arranged on the triaxial movement servo driving device.
Further, a yarn cylinder is arranged on the yarn feeder pillar, and the yarn releasing end of the yarn cylinder is fed into the carbon rod cluster through a pulley and a yarn guide.
Further, a weaving method of the special-shaped composite material three-dimensional preform braiding machine comprises the following steps:
The triaxial motion servo driving device drives weft yarns to be fed into gaps of the carbon rods according to a designed pattern, each time one layer of yarn feeding head is completed, one layer of yarn feeding head is retracted upwards, after a plurality of layers of weft yarns are fed, the second steel combs are inserted into carbon rod clusters in different directions, then the first steel combs are pulled out, the second steel combs move downwards to downwards press the previously fed weft yarn layers, after the upper part of the second steel combs is lower than the bottom of the first steel combs, the first steel combs are inserted into the carbon rod clusters, and the second steel combs downwards press the previously fed weft yarn layers and then pull out and return to the top; repeating the above actions until the knitting is completed;
Changing the carbon rod on the positioning plate into a metal needle, wherein one end of the metal needle is provided with a wire hanging hook or a wire threading hole, and the diameter near the top end of the metal needle is slightly larger than the diameters of other parts; after all weft insertion work is finished, the whole braided fabric is taken down from the positioning plate, the wire hanging hooks or the threading holes of the metal needles are threaded with fibers one by one, the metal needles are pulled out, and the carbon fibers are introduced into the braided fabric by the metal needles along the trend and are filled into the positions of the original metal needles.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
Compared with the existing shaft rod braiding equipment, the braiding machine and the braiding method for the special-shaped composite three-dimensional preform are higher in automation, can be used for braiding various special-shaped three-dimensional preforms, and meet the requirements of new-generation aeronautical composite turbine blades and rocket parts on the preforms.
The first steel comb and the second steel comb comprise at least 2 independent steel combs, the first steel comb and the second steel comb are arranged in parallel in an opposite mode, 90-degree orthogonal arrangement or 120-degree arrangement can be met, and various special-shaped three-dimensional preforms can be woven.
The first steel comb limit baffle is lower than the limit baffle of the second steel comb, the top of the first steel comb is a weaving position, and the weaving of the automatic complex three-position prefabricated body is realized by matching the vertical telescopic cylinder and the horizontal telescopic cylinder, so that the whole-process continuous work is realized, and the working efficiency is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a carbon rod structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a metal needle according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the construction of a 2.5D rectangular tube preform with circumferential reinforcement yarns according to the present invention.
Wherein: 1-carbon rod, 2-first steel comb, 3-horizontal telescopic cylinder, 4-yarn feeding head, 5-locating plate, 6-yarn tube, 7-pulley, 8-yarn guide, 9-vertical telescopic cylinder, 10-second steel comb, 11-yarn feeding mouth, 12-transverse rail, 13-longitudinal rail, 14-limit baffle, 16-supporting plate seat, 17-yarn feeder pillar, 18-steel comb vertical guide column, 19-base, 21-metal headgear, 22-metal needle.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
Example 1: referring to fig. 1,2 and 4, a braiding machine for a three-dimensional special-shaped composite preform includes a base 19, a positioning plate 5, a pallet seat 16, a first steel comb 2, a second steel comb 10, a yarn feeding head 4 and a servo control system, the pallet seat 16 is fixed above the center of the base 19, the positioning plate 5 is placed on the pallet seat 16, through holes with certain intervals and directions are formed in the positioning plate 5, and the lower end of a carbon rod 1 is inserted into the positioning plate 5 and abuts against a plane on the upper portion of the pallet seat 16. In order to prevent the weft yarn from being stuck on the carbon rods 1 too tightly, the upper end of each carbon rod 1 is sleeved with a metal head sleeve 21 with an approximately spherical upper end, as shown in fig. 3.
The steel combs are made of hard metal wire rods or plates, the diameter or width of the comb teeth of the first steel comb 2 is slightly smaller than the interval between the carbon rods, the diameter or width of the comb teeth of the second steel comb 10 is slightly smaller than the interval between the carbon rod head covers 21, the front ends of the steel combs are acute angles in overlooking, and the center distance of the adjacent comb teeth is equal to the center distance of the adjacent carbon rods. The carbon rod clusters distributed at 90 degrees are adopted, namely, the positions of the holes on the locating plate 5 corresponding to each carbon rod 1 of the carbon rod clusters are located at the intersection points of two groups of mutually perpendicular equal-interval parallel line arrays.
Two steel combs which are relatively close in vertical distance and are vertically distributed form a first steel comb, and each steel comb is driven by a horizontal telescopic cylinder and a vertical telescopic cylinder respectively and can be inserted into and separated from the carbon rod cluster and move up and down; the first steel comb 2 is inserted into the weaving positions arranged on the upper part of the carbon rod cluster and below the metal head sleeve 21 in different directions, and plays a limiting role on the carbon rod 1 so as to ensure the straightness and the position of the carbon rod. The second comb 10 is mainly used for beating up to effect compression.
The yarn feeding head 4 is driven by a triaxial motion servo driving device, the yarn feeding nozzle 11 feeds weft yarns into the gaps of the carbon rod 1 according to a designed pattern, and each time one layer of weft yarns is fed, the yarn feeding head 4 moves back upwards by one layer distance; after the feeding of a plurality of layers of weft yarns is completed, the second steel comb 10 is horizontally inserted into the carbon rod cluster in different directions, then the first steel comb 2 is horizontally pulled out, and the second steel comb 10 moves downwards; after the second steel comb 10 passes through the knitting position of the original first steel comb 2, the first steel comb 2 is horizontally inserted into the carbon rod cluster again, the second steel comb 10 continues to move downwards to press the weft yarn layer fed before downwards, and then the weft yarn layer is pulled out and returned to the top; repeating the above actions until the knitting is completed.
The telescopic cylinder can be an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or a linear electric servo device. The two independent horizontal telescopic cylinders and the two independent vertical telescopic cylinders contained in the first steel comb 2 can be driven by one horizontal telescopic cylinder and one vertical telescopic cylinder respectively through rope and rod system connection, and the two independent horizontal telescopic cylinders and the two independent vertical telescopic cylinders contained in the second steel comb 2 can be driven by one horizontal telescopic cylinder and one vertical telescopic cylinder respectively through rope and rod system connection.
Example 2:
Please refer to fig. 1, 3, 5. A braiding machine for a three-dimensional special-shaped composite preform comprises a base 19, a positioning plate 5, a supporting plate seat 16, a first steel comb 2, a second steel comb 10, a yarn feeding head 4 and a servo control system, wherein the supporting plate seat 16 is fixed above the center of the base 19, the positioning plate 5 is placed on the supporting plate seat 16, through holes with certain intervals and certain directions are arranged on the positioning plate 5, a carbon rod 1 in the figure is changed into a metal needle 22, and a wire hanging hook is arranged at the upper end of the metal needle 22; the lower end of the metal needle 22 is inserted into the positioning plate 5 and abuts against the flat surface of the upper portion of the pallet seat 16. To prevent over-tightening of the weft yarn on the metal needles 22, the diameter near the tip of each metal needle 22 is slightly larger than the diameter at other locations and has a taper that is large at the top and small at the bottom. The steel combs are made of hard metal wire rods or plates, the diameter or width of the comb teeth of the first steel comb 2 is slightly smaller than the interval between the metal needles 22, the diameter or width of the comb teeth of the second steel comb 10 is slightly smaller than the interval between the upper ends of the metal needles 22, the front ends of the steel combs are acute angles when overlooked, and the center distance of the adjacent comb teeth is equal to the center distance of the adjacent metal needles 22.
The metal needle clusters distributed at 120 degrees are adopted, namely, the hole center positions on the positioning plate 5 corresponding to each metal needle of the metal needle clusters are located at the intersection points of three groups of equidistant parallel line arrays which are 120 degrees mutually. The first steel comb 2 and the second steel comb 2 are respectively provided with three steel combs which are mutually distributed at 120 degrees, and each steel comb is respectively driven by a horizontal telescopic cylinder and a vertical telescopic cylinder and can be inserted into and separated from the metal needle cluster and move up and down. In order to simplify the structure, the first steel comb 2 may not be provided with a vertical telescopic cylinder, and the second steel comb 10 may use only one telescopic cylinder which moves vertically. The first steel comb 2 is inserted into the knitting positions of the metal needle clusters in different directions, and mainly plays a role in limiting the metal needles so as to ensure the straightness and the position of the metal needles. The second comb 10 is mainly used for beating up to effect compression. The yarn feeding head 4 is driven by a triaxial motion servo driving device, the yarn feeding nozzle 11 feeds weft yarns into gaps of metal needles according to a designed pattern, and each time one layer of weft yarns is completed, the yarn feeding head 4 is retreated upwards by one layer distance; after the feeding of the weft yarns of a plurality of layers is completed, the second steel comb 10 is horizontally inserted into the metal needle cluster in different directions, then the first steel comb 2 is horizontally pulled out, and the second steel comb 10 moves downwards; after the second steel comb 10 passes through the knitting position of the original first steel comb 2, the first steel comb 2 is horizontally inserted into the metal needle cluster again, the second steel comb 10 continues to move downwards to press the weft yarn layer fed before downwards, and then the weft yarn layer is pulled out and returned to the top; repeating the above actions until the knitting is completed.
After all weft insertion work is finished, the whole braided fabric is taken down from the positioning plate 5, the wire hanging hooks of the metal needles 22 are hung with fibers one by one and the metal needles are pulled out, and the carbon fibers are introduced into the braided fabric by the metal needles along the trend and are filled into the positions of the original metal needles.
Example 3:
Please refer to fig. 6. A braiding method of a 2.5D rectangular tube preform containing circumferential reinforcing fibers, using the braiding machine described in the embodiment 1, inserting carbon rods into corresponding hole sites of a locating plate 5 according to the size requirement of the rectangular tube, and sleeving a metal head sleeve 21 on the upper ends of the carbon rods; inserting two steel combs of the first group of steel combs 2 into the carbon rod cluster from two orthogonal directions; the yarn feeding head 4 feeds weft yarns into gaps of carbon rod clusters according to a designed weft yarn running path, after each layer of weft yarns are completed, the yarn feeding head 4 retreats upwards by one layer distance to continue feeding yarns of the next layer, after a plurality of layers of weft yarns are completed, the second steel comb 10 is inserted into the carbon rod clusters from two orthogonal directions above the just-positioned weft yarn layer, then the first steel comb 2 is pulled out, the second steel comb 10 moves downwards, after the second steel comb 10 passes through the position of the original first steel comb 2, the first steel comb 2 is reinserted into a metal needle cluster, the second steel comb 10 continues to move downwards to compress the previously-fed weft yarn layer downwards, and then the second steel comb 10 is pulled out to return to the top; repeating the above actions until the knitting is completed.
If a softer preform is needed, the carbon rod 1 can be replaced by the metal needle 22, the whole braided fabric is taken off from the positioning plate 5 after all weft insertion work is finished, the wire hanging hooks of the metal needle 22 are hung with fibers one by one and the metal needle is pulled out, and the metal needle introduces the carbon fibers into the braided fabric along the trend and fills the carbon fibers into the original metal needle.
The above description is only the most typical embodiment of the invention, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto. The data set forth are also merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and are not intended to represent unnecessary numbers. Any equivalent variations or substitutions that would be readily apparent to one skilled in the art of mechanical fabrication and stereolithography are intended to be within the scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims.
Claims (7)
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| CN202211021281.XA CN115679516B (en) | 2022-08-24 | 2022-08-24 | A special-shaped composite three-dimensional preform weaving machine and weaving method |
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| CN202211021281.XA CN115679516B (en) | 2022-08-24 | 2022-08-24 | A special-shaped composite three-dimensional preform weaving machine and weaving method |
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| CN115679516B true CN115679516B (en) | 2024-11-12 |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109295598A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-02-01 | 天津工业大学 | A kind of carbon fiber three-dimensional fabric automatic weaving machine variable stroke narrow slot channel weft insertion device |
| CN109487411A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-03-19 | 李典森 | A kind of big machinery automatized three-dimensional entirety square braiding apparatus |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007126784A (en) * | 2005-11-04 | 2007-05-24 | Avr:Kk | Tape-like weft yarn feed device for loom |
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- 2022-08-24 CN CN202211021281.XA patent/CN115679516B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109295598A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-02-01 | 天津工业大学 | A kind of carbon fiber three-dimensional fabric automatic weaving machine variable stroke narrow slot channel weft insertion device |
| CN109487411A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-03-19 | 李典森 | A kind of big machinery automatized three-dimensional entirety square braiding apparatus |
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