CN115679163B - Aluminum alloy material for automobile anti-collision frame and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy material for automobile anti-collision frame and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 158
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 90
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003925 SiC 1 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides an aluminum alloy material for an automobile anti-collision frame, which consists of a plurality of layers of SiC foamed ceramics and an aluminum alloy matrix, wherein the SiC foamed ceramics are foamed ceramics with more than three different porosities, the porosities are 80-95%, and the aluminum alloy comprises the following components: cu is 3.0-4.0wt%; 0.2 to 0.6 weight percent of Mg; 3.2-3.5wt% of Si; fe is 0-0.8wt%; the balance being Al. In order to meet the requirement of impact resistance of the heavy-duty car anti-collision frame, siC foam ceramic is used as a reinforcing material, metal aluminum can be permeated into a hollow pore canal of the foam ceramic, the constraint effect between the foam ceramic and the aluminum is enhanced, and the integral mechanical property of the aluminum alloy material is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-performance aluminum alloy composite materials, in particular to an aluminum alloy material for an automobile anti-collision frame and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The ceramic reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is a material with strong vitality, which meets the requirements of modern scientific development and engineering technology, combines the high strength, high hardness, high elastic modulus and high wear resistance of a ceramic reinforced phase with the low density, high ductility and high toughness of an aluminum matrix, and shows good comprehensive properties such as light weight, high strength and wear resistance, so the ceramic reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is considered as one of the most promising candidate materials for engineering components in the fields of aviation, aerospace, weaponry, vehicles, ships and the like. However, ceramic reinforcing phases (e.g. TiC, tiB 2 、Al 2 O 3 、SiC、B 4 The addition of C) and the like) reduces the plastic and toughness of the material while improving the specific strength and specific modulus of the aluminum-based composite material, so that the impact resistance is reduced, and the material is easy to brittle fracture, which becomes one of the main failure modes during the service period of the aluminum-based composite material structural member, and greatly limits the application of the aluminum-based composite material structural member in environments such as high impact force, high stress, high compression force and the like. It can be seen that the ceramic reinforced aluminum-based composite is improved at the same timeThe strength and toughness of the material are important to the improvement of the comprehensive performance of engineering parts by preparing the ceramic/Al composite material with light weight, high strength and impact resistance.
Aiming at the deficiency, a great deal of research work is carried out by students at home and abroad, and the research work is mainly focused on: (1) Matrix modification, namely, reducing the content of a ceramic phase, and forming a certain content of Al-intermetallic compound in an Al matrix, so that the impact toughness of the material is improved on the basis of ensuring a certain strength; (2) Interface modification, namely improving the distribution of ceramic phases in a matrix, and enhancing the interface bonding strength of the ceramic phases and the matrix; (3) The preparation method is improved, and different preparation methods, such as powder metallurgy, casting method, melt infiltration method and the like, are adopted according to the load bearing characteristics of structural members in different engineering fields; (4) Ceramic phase modification, namely controlling the growth mode, morphology, size and the like of the ceramic phase. Although these methods have achieved some success, they have not been able to meet the application under more severe high impact conditions, and further research is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved are as follows: the invention aims to provide an aluminum alloy material for an automobile anti-collision frame and a preparation method thereof, and the mechanical property, particularly the impact resistance, of the aluminum alloy material is improved by adding layered foam ceramics, so that the application of the aluminum alloy material to the automobile anti-collision frame is widened.
The technical scheme is as follows: an aluminum alloy material for an automobile anti-collision frame, the aluminum alloy material consists of three layers of SiC foamed ceramics and an aluminum alloy matrix, the porosity of the SiC foamed ceramics is 80-95%, and the aluminum alloy comprises the following components:
cu is 3.0-4.0wt%;
0.2 to 0.6 weight percent of Mg;
3.2-3.5wt% of Si;
fe is 0-0.8wt%;
the balance being Al.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile anti-collision frame comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of SiC ceramic slurry: ball milling SiC ceramic powder, and adding the ball milled SiC ceramic powder into a solvent to obtain SiC ceramic slurry with the solid content of 28-35 wt%;
s2, preparing rare earth slurry: la is subjected to 2 O 3 Adding the mixture into polyvinyl alcohol to obtain rare earth slurry with the solid content of 30-40 wt%;
s3, preparing foamed ceramics: soaking polyurethane foams with different pore densities in alkaline solution, immersing the polyurethane foams in SiC ceramic slurry, extruding and kneading the slurry, taking out the slurry, extruding the slurry by an extrusion molding device, drying the slurry at room temperature, putting the dried slurry into a baking oven to dry the dried slurry to obtain an extrusion molded body, repeatedly immersing the extrusion molded body into the SiC ceramic slurry, taking out the slurry, centrifuging the slurry, drying the slurry at room temperature, finally immersing a foam ceramic blank into rare earth slurry, taking out the slurry, centrifuging the slurry, drying the foam ceramic blank at room temperature, sintering the foam ceramic blank, and cooling the foam ceramic blank to room temperature to obtain SiC foam ceramic;
s4, preparing an aluminum alloy material: stacking SiC foamed ceramics with different pore densities in a harder-soft-harder layering mode in sequence according to the outer surface to the inner surface of the anti-collision frame, and then pouring, insulating or pressurizing and impregnating the SiC foamed ceramics with aluminum alloy liquid to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
Preferably, the solvent in the step S1 is a silicone resin solution.
Preferably, the polyurethane foam in the step S3 has a pore density of 150 to 200PPI.
Preferably, in the step S3, the sintering process is to heat to 500-600 ℃ and then sinter at 1450-1680 ℃ at a temperature rising rate of 6-8 ℃/min.
Preferably, the oven drying temperature of the extrusion molded body in the step S3 is 80-100 ℃ and the time is 4-10h.
Preferably, the temperature of the heat insulation permeation in the step S4 is 800-900 ℃.
Preferably, the pressure of the pressurized permeation in the step S4 is 50-80MPa, and the pressure is maintained for 10-20S after solidification under the pressure.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention has the following advantages:
in order to meet the requirement of the impact resistance of the heavy-duty car anti-collision frame, siC foam ceramic is used as a reinforcing material, metal aluminum can be permeated into a hollow pore canal of the foam ceramic, the constraint effect between the foam ceramic and the aluminum is enhanced, and the improvement of the overall mechanical property is facilitated;
in order to further increase the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy, a layer of La is coated outside the SiC ceramic 2 O 3 The wetting effect of aluminum and SiC can be improved, the apparent porosity of the aluminum and SiC can be reduced, the strength and toughness of the material can be improved, and the high-temperature effect resistance can be improved;
according to the invention, a plurality of SiC foamed ceramic materials with mechanical gradients are prepared, stacked in a harder-soft-hard layering mode, and the mechanical properties of the whole material are improved in a soft-hard combination mode.
Description of the embodiments
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible. It should be understood that the detailed description is presented by way of example only and is not intended to limit the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Material description: the polyurethane foam sponge used in the invention is polyurethane foam sponge with customized aperture.
Examples
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile anti-collision frame comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of SiC ceramic slurry: ball milling SiC ceramic powder, and then adding the ball milled SiC ceramic powder into an organic silicon resin solution to obtain SiC ceramic slurry with 28wt% of solid content;
s2, preparing rare earth slurry: la is subjected to 2 O 3 Adding the mixture into polyvinyl alcohol to obtain rare earth slurry with the solid content of 40 wt%;
s3, preparing foamed ceramics: three polyurethane foams with different pore densities are selected, soaked in alkaline solution, soaked in SiC ceramic slurry, the three polyurethane foams with different pore densities are 150PPI,180PPI and 200PPI respectively, the three polyurethane foams are extruded and kneaded through an extrusion molding device, the excessive slurry is extruded after being taken out, the extruded foam is dried at room temperature and then is put into an oven to be dried to obtain an extrusion molded body, the drying temperature of the oven is 80 ℃ for 10 hours, the molded body is repeatedly soaked in the SiC ceramic slurry for 1 time, the molded body is taken out and centrifuged to throw slurry, the molded body is dried at room temperature, finally the foamed ceramic blank is soaked in rare earth slurry, the foamed ceramic blank is obtained after being taken out, the foamed ceramic blank is dried at room temperature and then sintered, the sintering process is that the foamed ceramic blank is heated to 600 ℃, then sintered at 1450 ℃, the heating rate is controlled to be 6 ℃/min, finally cooled to the room temperature, the three SiC foamed ceramics with different strengths are obtained, the thickness of each layer is controlled to be within 2-2.5mm, and the foamed ceramics with different strengths are sequentially named as 200 PPI-180-SiC and 150PPI-SiC according to the sequence of the intensity;
s4, preparing an aluminum alloy material: stacking SiC foamed ceramics with different pore densities in a harder-softer-harder layering mode in sequence according to the outer surface to the inner surface of the heavy truck anti-collision frame, wherein the stacking sequence of the SiC foamed ceramics is 180PPI-SiC,150PPI-SiC and 200PPI-SiC, then pouring with aluminum alloy liquid, preserving heat and impregnating, and the temperature is 900 ℃, so as to obtain an aluminum alloy material, and the aluminum alloy comprises the following components: cu is 3.0wt%; mg 0.6wt%; si is 3.2wt%; fe is 0.8wt%; the balance being Al.
Examples
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile anti-collision frame comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of SiC ceramic slurry: ball milling SiC ceramic powder, and then adding the ball milled SiC ceramic powder into an organic silicon resin solution to obtain SiC ceramic slurry with 35wt% of solid content;
s2, preparing rare earth slurry: la is subjected to 2 O 3 Adding the mixture into polyvinyl alcohol to obtain rare earth slurry with the solid content of 30 wt%;
s3, preparing foamed ceramics: three polyurethane foams with different pore densities are selected, soaked in alkaline solution, soaked in SiC ceramic slurry, the three polyurethane foams with different pore densities are 150PPI,180PPI and 200PPI respectively, the three polyurethane foams are extruded and kneaded, the three polyurethane foams are taken out, the excessive slurry is extruded through an extrusion molding device, the three polyurethane foams are dried at room temperature and then are dried in an oven to obtain an extrusion molded body, the drying temperature of the oven is 100 ℃ for 4 hours, the molded body is repeatedly soaked in the SiC ceramic slurry for 2 times, the three polyurethane foams are taken out and centrifuged to get rid of slurry, the room temperature is dried, the foam ceramic blank is finally soaked in rare earth slurry, the foam ceramic blank is obtained after being taken out and centrifuged to get foam ceramic blank, the foam ceramic blank is dried at room temperature and then sintered, the sintering process is that the temperature is firstly heated to 500 ℃, the temperature rising rate is controlled to be 8 ℃/min, finally cooled to room temperature, three SiC foam ceramics with different strengths are obtained, the SiC foam ceramics with different strengths are cut to the specified thickness, the thickness of each layer is controlled within 2-2.5mm, and the sequence of 200 PPI-180-SiC-150 PPI is sequentially carried out according to the strength;
s4, preparing an aluminum alloy material: stacking SiC foamed ceramics with different pore densities in a harder-softer-harder layering mode in sequence according to the outer surface to the inner surface of the heavy truck anti-collision frame, wherein the stacking sequence of the SiC foamed ceramics is 180PPI-SiC,150PPI-SiC and 200PPI-SiC, then pouring with aluminum alloy liquid, preserving heat and impregnating at 800 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy material, and the aluminum alloy comprises the following components: cu is 4.0wt%; mg 0.2wt%; si 3.5wt%; fe is 0.2wt%; the balance being Al.
| Compressive strength (MPa) | 150PPI-SiC | 180PPI-SiC | 200PPI-SiC |
| Example 1 | 1.22 | 1.56 | 1.68 |
| Example 2 | 1.87 | 2.13 | 2.45 |
Examples
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile anti-collision frame comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of SiC ceramic slurry: ball milling SiC ceramic powder, and then adding the ball milled SiC ceramic powder into an organic silicon resin solution to obtain SiC ceramic slurry with the solid content of 30wt%;
s2, preparing rare earth slurry: la is subjected to 2 O 3 Adding the mixture into polyvinyl alcohol to obtain rare earth slurry with the solid content of 33 wt%;
s3, preparing foamed ceramics: three polyurethane foams with different pore densities are selected, soaked in an alkali solution, soaked in SiC ceramic slurry, the three polyurethane foams with different pore densities are 150PPI,150PPI and 200PPI respectively, the three polyurethane foams are squeezed and rubbed, the excessive slurry is squeezed out through a squeezing forming device after being taken out, the excessive slurry is dried at room temperature and then is put into an oven for drying to obtain a squeezing forming body, the drying temperature of the oven is 80 ℃ for 10 hours, two polyurethane foam forming bodies with the pore densities of 150PPI are soaked in the SiC ceramic slurry for 1 time and 2 times respectively, the polyurethane foam forming bodies with the pore densities of 200PPI are soaked in the SiC ceramic slurry for 2 times respectively, the foamed ceramic blank is finally soaked in a rare earth slurry for taking out, centrifuged to obtain a foamed ceramic blank, the foamed ceramic blank is dried at room temperature and then sintered, the sintering process is that the temperature is firstly heated to 550 ℃, then the temperature rising rate is controlled to be 6 ℃/min, finally the foamed ceramic with three different strengths is obtained, the three foamed ceramics with different strength are cut to the specified thickness of SiC ceramic with the SiC thickness of 1-2 times and the SiC ceramic is repeatedly subjected to the SiC slurry of 1-150-2-1-2 times (the SiC is repeatedly subjected to the PPI thickness is 1-150-2 mm in sequence);
s4, preparing an aluminum alloy material: stacking SiC foamed ceramics with different pore densities in a harder-soft-harder layering mode sequentially according to the outer surface to the inner surface of the heavy truck collision avoidance, wherein the stacking sequence of the SiC foamed ceramics is 150PPI-SiC-2 and 150PPI-SiC-1, 200PPI-SiC, then pouring with aluminum alloy liquid, carrying out pressurized infiltration under the pressure of 50MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 20s after solidification under the pressure to obtain an aluminum alloy material, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components: cu is 3.2wt%; mg 0.5wt%; si is 3.2wt%; fe is 0.6wt%; the balance being Al.
Examples
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile anti-collision frame comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of SiC ceramic slurry: ball milling SiC ceramic powder, and then adding the ball milled SiC ceramic powder into an organic silicon resin solution to obtain SiC ceramic slurry with 35wt% of solid content;
s2, preparing rare earth slurry: la is subjected to 2 O 3 Adding the mixture into polyvinyl alcohol to obtain rare earth slurry with the solid content of 38 wt%;
s3, preparing foamed ceramics: three polyurethane foams with different pore densities are selected, soaked in alkaline solution, soaked in SiC ceramic slurry, the three polyurethane foams with different pore densities are 150PPI,180PPI and 200PPI respectively, extruded and kneaded, taken out, extruded by an extrusion molding device, dried at room temperature, put into an oven to be dried to obtain an extrusion molded body, the oven drying temperature is 100 ℃ for 4 hours, the polyurethane foam molded bodies with different pore densities are soaked in the SiC ceramic slurry for 2 times, taken out and centrifuged to throw slurry, dried at room temperature, finally soaked in rare earth slurry, centrifuged to throw slurry after being taken out to obtain a foam ceramic blank, the foam ceramic blank is dried at room temperature and sintered, the sintering process is that the temperature is firstly heated to 580 ℃, then the temperature is increased to be 8 ℃/min, finally cooled to the room temperature, three SiC foam ceramics with different strengths are obtained, the thickness of each layer is controlled to be 2-2.5mm, and the SiC foam ceramics with different strengths are sequentially named as 200-180 PPI-150 PPI according to the sequence of the strength to be bigger than the SiC ceramic blank;
s4, preparing an aluminum alloy material: stacking SiC foamed ceramics with different pore densities in a harder-softer-harder layering mode in sequence according to the outer surface to the inner surface of the heavy truck anti-collision frame, wherein the stacking sequence of the SiC foamed ceramics is 180PPI-SiC and 150PPI-SiC,200PPI-SiC, then pouring with aluminum alloy liquid, carrying out pressurized infiltration, and maintaining the pressure for 10s after solidification under the pressure at the pressure of 80MPa to obtain an aluminum alloy material, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components: cu is 3.6wt%; mg 0.3wt%; si 3.5wt%; fe is 0.4wt%; the balance being Al.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile anti-collision frame comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of SiC ceramic slurry: ball milling SiC ceramic powder, and then adding the ball milled SiC ceramic powder into an organic silicon resin solution to obtain SiC ceramic slurry with 35wt% of solid content;
s2, preparing foamed ceramics: three polyurethane foams with different pore densities are selected, soaked in an alkali solution, then soaked in SiC ceramic slurry, the three polyurethane foams with different pore densities are 150PPI,180PPI and 200PPI respectively, the three polyurethane foams are extruded and kneaded, the three polyurethane foams with different pore densities are extruded by an extrusion molding device, the three polyurethane foams are dried at room temperature and then are dried in an oven to obtain an extrusion molded body, the drying temperature of the oven is 100 ℃ for 4 hours, the molded body is repeatedly soaked in the SiC ceramic slurry for 2 times, the polyurethane foams are centrifugally thrown out after being taken out, the polyurethane foams are dried at room temperature to obtain a foamed ceramic blank, the foamed ceramic blank is dried at room temperature and then sintered, the sintering process is that the foamed ceramic blank is heated to 500 ℃, then sintered at 1680 ℃, the heating rate is controlled to be 8 ℃/min, finally cooled to the room temperature, three SiC foamed ceramics with different strengths are obtained, the thickness of each layer is controlled within 2-2.5mm, and the names of 200PPI-SiC, 180-SiC and 150PPI-SiC are sequentially named according to the sequence of the strength from high to low;
s3, preparing an aluminum alloy material: stacking SiC foamed ceramics with different pore densities in a harder-softer-harder layering mode in sequence according to the outer surface to the inner surface of the heavy truck anti-collision frame, wherein the stacking sequence of the SiC foamed ceramics is 180PPI-SiC,150PPI-SiC and 200PPI-SiC, then pouring with aluminum alloy liquid, preserving heat and impregnating at 800 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy material, and the aluminum alloy comprises the following components: cu is 4.0wt%; mg 0.2wt%; si 3.5wt%; fe is 0.2wt%; the balance being Al.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile anti-collision frame comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of SiC ceramic slurry: ball milling SiC ceramic powder, and then adding the ball milled SiC ceramic powder into an organic silicon resin solution to obtain SiC ceramic slurry with 35wt% of solid content;
s2, preparing rare earth slurry: la is subjected to 2 O 3 Adding the mixture into polyvinyl alcohol to obtain rare earth slurry with the solid content of 38 wt%;
s3, preparing foamed ceramics: soaking two polyurethane foams with different pore densities in alkaline solution, immersing the polyurethane foams with the pore densities into SiC ceramic slurry, respectively carrying out extrusion and kneading on the polyurethane foams with the pore densities of 180PPI and 200PPI, taking out the polyurethane foams, extruding the excessive slurry through an extrusion molding device, drying the extruded slurry at room temperature, putting the dried slurry into a drying oven for drying to obtain an extrusion molded body, wherein the drying temperature of the drying oven is 100 ℃, the drying time is 4 hours, immersing the polyurethane foam molded body with the different pore densities into the SiC ceramic slurry for 2 times, taking out the polyurethane foam molded body, centrifuging the SiC ceramic slurry, drying the SiC ceramic slurry at room temperature, immersing the foamed ceramic blank into rare earth slurry, taking out the foamed ceramic blank, centrifuging the SiC ceramic slurry to obtain a foamed ceramic blank, drying the foamed ceramic blank at room temperature, sintering the foamed ceramic blank, firstly heating the foamed ceramic blank to 580 ℃, then sintering the foamed ceramic blank at 1580 ℃, controlling the heating rate to 8 ℃/min, and finally cooling the foamed ceramic blank to room temperature to obtain two SiC foamed ceramics with different strengths, cutting the SiC foamed ceramics with different strengths to a specified thickness, and controlling the thickness of each layer to be 2-2.5 mm;
s4, preparing an aluminum alloy material: stacking SiC foamed ceramics with different pore densities in a hard-soft layering mode sequentially according to the outer surface to the inner surface of the heavy truck anti-collision frame, wherein the stacking sequence of the SiC foamed ceramics is 200PPI-SiC and 180PPI-SiC, then pouring with aluminum alloy liquid, carrying out pressurized infiltration, wherein the pressure of the pressurized infiltration is 80MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 10s after solidification under the pressure to obtain an aluminum alloy material, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components: cu is 3.6wt%; mg 0.3wt%; si 3.5wt%; fe is 0.4wt%; the balance being Al.
The materials in the above embodiment are uniformly made into a thickness of 10mm, performance detection is carried out, and impact experiments are carried out on an impact experiment machine according to GB/T229-2020; the tensile test was carried out on a tensile tester according to GB/T228-2010.
As can be seen from the above table, la is used 2 O 3 The mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy material prepared by coating the SiC ceramic and the aluminum alloy material prepared by stacking the aluminum alloy material in a harder-soft-harder layering mode are obviously superior to those of the common process conditions.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The aluminum alloy material for the automobile anti-collision frame is characterized by comprising three layers of SiC foamed ceramics and an aluminum alloy matrix, wherein the porosity of the SiC foamed ceramics is 80-95%, and the aluminum alloy comprises the following components:
cu is 3.0-4.0wt%;
0.2 to 0.6 weight percent of Mg;
3.2-3.5wt% of Si;
fe is 0-0.8wt%;
the balance of Al;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy material for the automobile anti-collision frame comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of SiC ceramic slurry: ball milling SiC ceramic powder, and then adding the ball milled SiC ceramic powder into an organic silicon resin solution solvent to obtain SiC ceramic slurry with the solid content of 28-35 wt%;
s2, preparing rare earth slurry: la is subjected to 2 O 3 Adding the mixture into polyvinyl alcohol to obtain rare earth slurry with the solid content of 30-40 wt%;
s3, preparing foamed ceramics: soaking polyurethane foams with different pore densities in alkaline solution, immersing the polyurethane foams in SiC ceramic slurry, extruding and kneading the SiC ceramic slurry, taking out the SiC ceramic slurry, extruding the residual slurry by an extrusion molding device, drying the SiC ceramic slurry at room temperature, putting the SiC ceramic slurry into a drying oven for drying to obtain an extrusion molded body, repeatedly immersing the SiC ceramic slurry into the extrusion molded body, taking out the SiC ceramic slurry, centrifuging to throw slurry, drying the SiC ceramic slurry at room temperature, finally immersing a foam ceramic blank into rare earth slurry, taking out the SiC ceramic slurry, centrifuging to throw slurry, drying the foam ceramic blank at room temperature, sintering the foam ceramic blank, and cooling the SiC ceramic blank to room temperature to obtain SiC foam ceramic;
s4, preparing an aluminum alloy material: stacking SiC foamed ceramics with different pore densities in a harder-soft-harder layering mode in sequence according to the outer surface to the inner surface of the anti-collision frame, and then pouring, insulating or pressurizing and impregnating the SiC foamed ceramics with aluminum alloy liquid to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
2. The aluminum alloy material for an automobile bumper according to claim 1, wherein: the polyurethane foam in the step S3 has a pore density of 150-200PPI.
3. The aluminum alloy material for an automobile bumper according to claim 1, wherein: the sintering process in the step S3 is to heat to 500-600 ℃ and then sinter at 1450-1680 ℃ at a temperature rising rate of 6-8 ℃/min.
4. The aluminum alloy material for an automobile bumper according to claim 1, wherein: the drying temperature of the oven of the extrusion molding body in the step S3 is 80-100 ℃ and the time is 4-10h.
5. The aluminum alloy material for an automobile bumper according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the heat insulation permeation in the step S4 is 800-900 ℃.
6. The aluminum alloy material for an automobile bumper according to claim 1, wherein: the pressure of the pressurized permeation in the step S4 is 50-80MPa, and the pressure is maintained for 10-20S after solidification under the pressure.
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