CN115670371A - Pupil measuring system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a pupil measuring system and a pupil measuring method. The multifunctional pupil measuring system at least comprises a control unit, an image acquisition unit and a display unit. The control unit generates a measurement instruction and sends the measurement instruction to the image acquisition unit. The image acquisition unit applies light stimulation to the pupil and continuously acquires pupil images sent to the control unit. The control unit measures the size of the pupil and the light reaction speed by performing data processing on the pupil image. The invention obtains the actual size of the pupil of the person to be measured through the pupil image, and then measures the size and the light reaction speed of the pupil by processing the pupil image through the control unit, thereby eliminating the error caused by the subjective judgment of the measuring person. The light stimulation applied to the pupils of the tested personnel in the process of measuring the pupil light reaction speed is obtained by the same light source, thereby eliminating the error caused by the non-uniform light source in the existing measuring process and avoiding missing the observation of the state of an illness.

Description

A pupil measurement system and method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, in particular to a pupil measurement system and method.

Background technique

Checking the patient's vital signs and health status by measuring the pupil is gradually becoming one of the most important clinical detection methods. Pupil change is an important indicator of clinical observation, which is helpful for judging the condition of patients such as coma, convulsions, shock, and poisoning. Especially for patients with craniocerebral lesions, it can determine the location of intracranial lesions. Dynamic, timely, and effective observation of pupillary changes can not only detect the precursors of diseases, seize the best time for treatment, but also prevent complications. Therefore, it is necessary to objectively record the pupillary size. Clinically, the eyeball is usually irradiated with a flashlight, and then the size of the pupil is visually measured, and the medical staff makes independent judgments to determine the size of the patient's pupil. The observation of pupils in this way mainly depends on the subjective judgment of medical staff. Without quantitative indicators, medical staff who lack clinical experience cannot make accurate judgments.

The Chinese patent with the publication number CN109793494A provides a pupil pen that is convenient for pupil observation and measurement, including a first pen body, a second pen body is movably installed on the upper end of the first pen body, and one side of the first pen body is connected to the inner side of the first pen body. A lithium battery is movably installed on one side of the second pen body, and a mounting head is movably installed on the top of the second pen body, and grooves are opened on the other side of the first pen body and the second pen body. A sliding rail is provided on one side of the groove outside the first writing body. The technical solution of this patent is that a slider is movably installed on the inner side of the groove on the outer side of the first pen body through a slide rail, and a telescopic rod is movably installed on the side far away from the slide rail through a hinge, and the telescopic rod A contrast mirror is movably installed at the end away from the hinge through the contrast head, so that the pupils can be compared through the contrast mirror when observing the pupils. In essence, the technical solution of this patent only provides a measurement reference tool. When measuring pupil size, the subjective judgment of medical staff is still required. Subjective factors or operational errors of medical staff may easily lead to inaccurate readings, which cannot provide accurate clinical treatment. refer to.

The present invention provides a pupil measurement system and method to measure pupil size and also evaluate pupil reactivity.

In addition, on the one hand, due to differences in the understanding of those skilled in the art; The present invention does not possess the characteristics of these prior art, on the contrary, the present invention already possesses all the characteristics of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art to the background technology.

Contents of the invention

When a patient suffers from brain herniation, increased intracranial hypertension, near death, or severe brain injury, the pupil is often dilated. Therefore, the patient's condition can be judged according to the size of the patient's pupil. The existing methods for judging pupil size mainly include: subjective judgment method and visual electrophysiological examination method. The subjective judgment method directly irradiates the pupil with an ordinary pupil light pen, and the pupil size is judged by medical staff, which is highly subjective and has large errors; visual electrophysiological examination methods include electrooculogram (EOG), electroretinogram (ERG) and visual Evoked potential (VEP), etc., although the visual electrophysiological examination method can avoid the error caused by the subjective factors of medical personnel, but the detection is very direct contact with the human eye, which is likely to cause the body's self-defense and cause excessive pupillary contraction, and the detection data is inaccurate.

Therefore, how to reduce the stimulation of the detection equipment to the human eye while ensuring the accuracy of the pupil size measurement data is the technical problem that the present invention hopes to solve.

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the invention provides a pupil measuring system. The multifunctional pupil measurement system at least includes a control unit, an image acquisition unit and a display unit. The control unit generates measurement instructions and sends them to the image acquisition unit. In response to receiving the measurement instruction, the image acquisition unit applies light stimulation to the pupil and continuously acquires pupil images sent to the control unit. The control unit measures the size of the pupil and the light reaction speed by performing data processing on the pupil image. Preferably, the pupil images continuously collected by the image acquisition unit at least include a pupil image before the pupil is stimulated by light and a pupil image in which the pupil size changes the most after the pupil is stimulated by light. The control unit determines the amount of change in the size of the pupil based on the pupil images before and after the pupil is stimulated by light and determines the light reaction speed of the pupil during the change.

Preferably, the present invention obtains the actual size of the pupil of the measured person through the pupil image, and then uses the control unit to perform data processing on the pupil image to measure the size of the pupil and the speed of light reaction, thereby eliminating the possibility of the subjective judgment of the measurement personnel. error. Preferably, the present invention compares the pupil image before the subject's pupil is subjected to light stimulation with the pupil image whose pupil size changes the most after being subjected to light stimulation, and then determines the light intensity of the subject's pupil in combination with the time interval between the two images. reaction speed, and since the pupil image of the subject’s pupil before being subjected to light stimulation and the pupil image with the largest change in pupil size after being subjected to light stimulation are continuously measured by the same pupil measurement system, during the measurement process, the measured The light stimulus applied by the pupil of the tester is obtained from the same light source, thus eliminating the inconsistency of the light source (some light sources are too bright and some light sources are too low) in the existing measurement process (especially in manual measurement) The resulting errors avoid missing observations.

According to a preferred embodiment, the image acquisition unit includes at least a light source, a camera and a lens assembly. The camera is arranged coaxially with the light source, and the lens assembly is located between the light source and the camera. Preferably, said lens assembly is positioned coaxially with respect to said camera and said light source. In response to receiving the measurement instruction, the light source of the image acquisition unit emits a light beam to the pupil of the measured person, and the pupil of the measured person reflects the light beam. The reflected light beam passes through the lens assembly and converges on the camera, thereby allowing the camera to capture an image of the pupil of the person under test irradiated by the light beam.

Preferably, the light source is configured to emit light beams onto the eyes of the person under test. The light beam can be infrared light or visible light. The camera is configured to capture light reflected from the eyes of the person under test. The lens assembly is configured to focus the light reflected from the eyes of the person under test onto the camera head.

Preferably, the present invention uses the light source to emit light beams to the eyes of the tested person, and then uses the camera to capture the light reflected by the tested person's eyes to obtain an image of the tested person's pupil. In the process of obtaining the pupil image of the person under test, no detection pole directly contacts the human eye, especially no detection pole directly contacts the eyeball, so as to avoid excessive pupil contraction caused by the human body's self-defense when measuring the pupil, and ensure the measurement data accuracy.

According to a preferred embodiment, the control unit includes at least a processing module and a storage module.

The processing module is respectively connected with the storage module, the image acquisition unit and the display unit for data communication. The image acquisition unit sends the acquired pupil image to the processing module.

In response to the receipt of the pupil image, the processing module sequentially performs grayscale conversion, binarization processing, edge detection and edge arc fitting on the pupil image, and then compares the obtained measurement data according to the pixel/true ratio value The measurement result is obtained by performing ratio conversion, and the measurement result is sent to the display unit for display.

The storage module is used to store the pupil image and the measurement result, and the processing module can retrieve the pupil image and/or send the measurement result to the display unit for further processing. exhibit.

Preferably, the display unit includes at least a display screen. Preferably, the present invention can display the measurement result and the pupil image collected by the image collection unit through a display screen.

Preferably, since the storage module can store the pupil image and the measurement result, in the case of using the pupil data for diagnosis, the medical staff can generate a query command through the control unit and send it to the storage module. In response to the receipt of the query instruction, the storage module retrieves the pupil image corresponding to the corresponding pupil data and/or sends the measurement result to the display unit for display, thus avoiding medical personnel from Repeat the pupillometric exercise.

Preferably, since the storage module can store the pupil images and the measurement results, medical personnel can query the historical pupil images and measurement results and compare the historical pupil data with the current pupil images and historical measurement results during diagnosis. A comparison is made to analyze changes in the patient's condition.

According to a preferred implementation manner, the processing module can also grade the pupil size and the light reaction speed. Preferably, the processing module generates a corresponding prompt instruction based on the classification result and sends the prompt instruction to the display unit.

Preferably, the processing module grades the pupil size by comparing the measured pupil size with a preset pupil size threshold. Preferably, the preset pupil size threshold may include a first pupil size threshold and a second pupil size threshold greater than the first pupil size threshold. Preferably, the pupil size is divided into three grades by the first pupil size threshold and the second pupil size threshold, which are respectively: the pupil size is smaller than the first pupil size threshold; the pupil size is larger than the first pupil size threshold and smaller than the second pupil size Medium for the size threshold; large for pupil sizes larger than the second pupil size threshold.

Preferably, the processing module grades the pupil light reaction speed by comparing the measured pupil light reaction speed with a preset pupil light reaction speed threshold. Preferably, the preset pupillary light reaction speed threshold may include a first pupillary light reaction speed threshold and a second pupillary light reaction speed threshold greater than the first pupillary light reaction speed threshold. Preferably, the pupil light reaction speed threshold is divided into three levels by the first pupil light reaction speed threshold and the second pupil light reaction speed threshold, which are respectively: the slow level whose pupil light reaction speed is less than the first pupil light reaction speed threshold; the pupil light reaction speed The speed is greater than the first pupil light reaction speed threshold and less than the middle level of the second pupil light reaction speed threshold; the pupil light reaction speed is greater than the second pupil light reaction speed threshold of the fast level.

Preferably, the display unit further includes an indicator light. Preferably, the indicator light may include three colors of red, green and blue. Preferably, the green light represents small steps in pupil size or slow steps in pupillary light response speed. Preferably, the blue indicator light represents the middle grade of pupil size or the middle grade of pupil light response speed. Preferably, the red indicator light represents a large level of pupil size or a fast level of pupillary light reaction speed.

According to a preferred implementation manner, the processing module performs binarization processing on the pupil image after the gray scale conversion by means of image segmentation to obtain a binarized image of the pupil image. Preferably, the processing module selects the gray value corresponding to the minimum frequency value between the two peaks in the gray histogram of the image as the segmentation gray threshold to generate a binarized image of the pupil. Preferably, the processing module regards the pixels whose gray value in the image is smaller than the segmentation gray threshold as pupil pixels, otherwise as background pixels, and compares the pupil image and the background image in the image according to the pupil pixels and the background pixels Perform binary segmentation.

According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module obtains the edge pixel points of the pupil binary image through the edge detection function; the processing module outputs the best arc fitting through the input edge pixel image through the arc fitting function the radius value.

According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module calculates the ratio of the pixel width of the reference object to the real width as the pixel/real ratio value.

The invention also provides a pupil measurement method. The pupil measurement method at least includes:

applying a light stimulus to the pupil and continuously acquiring images of the pupil;

measuring pupil size and light response velocity based on the pupil image;

Wherein, the continuously collected pupil images include at least the pupil image before the pupil is stimulated by light and the pupil image with the largest change in pupil size after the pupil is stimulated by light;

Determining the amount of change in the size of the pupil and the change time based on the pupil images before and after the pupil is stimulated by light to determine the light response speed of the pupil.

According to a preferred embodiment, the pupil measurement method also includes:

Carrying out grayscale conversion, binarization processing, edge detection, and edge arc fitting on the pupil image in sequence, and then performing proportional conversion on the obtained measurement data according to the pixel/true ratio value to obtain a measurement result, and performing a measurement on the measurement result Visual display.

Specifically, binarization processing is performed on the gray-scale converted pupil image by means of image segmentation to obtain a binarized image of the pupil image.

Preferably, the image segmentation adopts the histogram bimodal method, and the gray value corresponding to the minimum frequency value between the two peaks is selected as the segmentation gray threshold to generate a binarized image of the pupil.

Preferably, the method for generating the binarized image of the pupil is to use the pixels whose grayscale value in the image is smaller than the segmentation grayscale threshold as pupil pixels, otherwise as background pixels, and compare the image according to the pupil pixels and the background pixels The pupil image in and the background image are binarized and segmented.

The invention also provides a multifunctional pupil observation pen. The multifunctional pupil observation pen is equipped with the pupil measurement system provided by the present invention. Preferably, the multifunctional pupil observation pen is provided with a puncture needle on the pen body for needle prick test. Preferably, the multi-functional pupil observation pen can meet the needs of conventional pinprick sensation inspection as a pinprick sensation inspection tool while meeting the writing needs and pupil measurement requirements of medical personnel.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the simplified module connection relationship of each unit of the pupil measurement system of a preferred embodiment provided by the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a simplified schematic diagram of an image acquisition unit in a preferred embodiment provided by the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a topological diagram of a pupil measurement system of a preferred embodiment provided by the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a simplified schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the multifunctional pupil observation pen provided by the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a simplified module connection relationship of a multifunctional pupil observing pen according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

List of reference signs

100: pupil measurement system; 110: control unit; 111: processing module; 112: storage module; 120: image acquisition unit; 121: light source; 122: camera; 123: lens assembly; 130: display unit; 131: display screen; 132: indicator light; 200: multifunctional pupil observation pen; 210: pen body; 220: needle; 230: detection head; 231: control button; 232: processing chip component; 240: pen tip.

Detailed ways

Detailed description will be given below in conjunction with accompanying drawings 1 to 5 .

Example 1

This embodiment provides a pupil measurement system 100 . Referring to FIG. 1 , preferably, the multifunctional pupil measurement system 100 may include a control unit 110 , an image acquisition unit 120 and a display unit 130 . The image acquisition unit 120 may include a light source 121 , a camera 122 and a lens assembly 123 . The control unit 110 may include a processing module 111 and a storage module 112 . The display unit 130 may include a display screen 131 and an indicator light 132 .

The control unit 110 generates a measurement instruction and sends it to the image acquisition unit 120 . In response to receiving the measurement instruction, the image acquisition unit 120 applies light stimulation to the pupil and continuously acquires pupil images sent to the control unit 110 . The control unit 110 measures the size of the pupil and the light reaction speed by performing data processing on the pupil image. Preferably, the pupil images continuously collected by the image acquisition unit 120 may include a pupil image before the pupil is stimulated by light and a pupil image in which the pupil size changes the most after the pupil is stimulated by light. The control unit 110 determines the amount of change in the size of the pupil and the time taken for the change to determine the light reaction speed of the pupil based on the pupil images before and after the pupil is stimulated by light.

Preferably, the present invention acquires the actual size of the pupil of the measured person through the pupil image, and then performs data processing on the pupil image through the control unit 110 to measure the size of the pupil and the light reaction speed, thereby eliminating the error caused by the subjective judgment of the measurer. Preferably, the present invention compares the pupil image before the subject's pupil is subjected to light stimulation with the pupil image whose pupil size changes the most after being subjected to light stimulation, and then combines the time interval between the two images to determine the light reaction speed of the subject's pupil , and since the pupil image of the subject's pupil before being subjected to light stimulation and the pupil image of the pupil with the largest change in pupil size after being subjected to light stimulation are continuously measured by the same pupil measurement system, the light applied to the subject's pupil during the measurement process The stimulus is obtained from the same light source, thus eliminating the error caused by the non-uniform light source (some light source brightness is too high, and some light source brightness is too low) in the existing measurement process (especially in manual measurement) to avoid omissions Condition observation.

Referring to FIG. 2 , preferably, the camera 122 is arranged coaxially with the light source 121 , and the lens assembly 123 is located between the light source 121 and the camera 122 . Preferably, the lens assembly 123 is positioned coaxially with respect to the camera 122 and the light source 121 . In response to receiving the measurement instruction, the light source 121 of the image acquisition unit 120 emits a light beam to the pupil of the person under test, and the pupil of the person under test reflects the light beam. The reflected light beam passes through the lens assembly 123 and converges on the camera 122, thereby allowing the camera 122 to capture the image of the pupil of the person under test irradiated by the light beam.

Preferably, the light source 121 is configured to emit light beams onto the eyes of the person under test. The light beam can be infrared light or visible light. The camera 122 is configured to capture light reflected from the eye of the person under test. The lens assembly 123 is configured to focus the light reflected from the eyes of the person under test onto the camera 122 .

Preferably, in the present invention, the light source 121 emits light beams to the eyes of the person under test, and the camera 122 is used to capture the light reflected by the eyes of the person under test, so as to obtain an image of the pupil of the person under test. In the process of obtaining the pupil image of the person under test, no detection pole directly contacts the human eye, especially no detection pole directly contacts the eyeball, so as to avoid excessive pupil contraction caused by the human body's self-defense when measuring the pupil, and ensure the measurement data accuracy.

Preferably, the processing module 111 is respectively connected to the storage module 112 , the image acquisition unit 120 and the display unit 130 for data communication. The image acquisition unit 120 sends the acquired pupil image to the processing module 111 .

In response to the receipt of the pupil image, the processing module 111 sequentially performs grayscale conversion, binarization processing, edge detection and edge arc fitting on the pupil image, and then scales the obtained measurement data according to the pixel/true ratio value to obtain a measurement result, and send the measurement result to the display unit 130 for presentation.

The storage module 112 is used to store the pupil images and measurement results, and the processing module 111 can retrieve the pupil images and/or measurement results from the storage module 112 and send them to the display unit 130 for display.

Preferably, the display unit 130 may include a display screen 131 . Preferably, the present invention can display the measurement result and the pupil image collected by the image collection unit 120 through the display screen 131 .

Preferably, since the storage module 112 can store pupil images and measurement results, in the case of using pupil data for diagnosis, medical personnel can generate query instructions through the control unit 110 and send them to the storage module 112 . In response to receiving the query instruction, the storage module 112 retrieves the pupil image corresponding to the corresponding pupil data and/or sends the measurement result to the display unit 130 for display, thereby avoiding medical personnel from repeatedly performing pupil measurement work during diagnosis.

Preferably, since the storage module 112 can store pupil images and measurement results, medical personnel can query historical pupil images and measurement results and compare historical pupil data with current pupil images and historical measurement results to analyze Changes in the patient's condition.

Preferably, the processing module 111 is also capable of grading the pupil size and the light reaction speed. Preferably, the processing module 111 generates a corresponding prompt instruction based on the classification result and sends the prompt instruction to the display unit 130 .

Preferably, the processing module 111 classifies the pupil size by comparing the measured pupil size with a preset pupil size threshold. Preferably, the preset pupil size threshold may include a first pupil size threshold and a second pupil size threshold greater than the first pupil size threshold. Preferably, the pupil size is divided into three grades by the first pupil size threshold and the second pupil size threshold, which are respectively: the pupil size is smaller than the first pupil size threshold; the pupil size is larger than the first pupil size threshold and smaller than the second pupil size Medium for the size threshold; large for pupil sizes larger than the second pupil size threshold.

Preferably, the processing module 111 grades the pupil light reaction speed by comparing the measured pupil light reaction speed with a preset pupil light reaction speed threshold. Preferably, the preset pupillary light reaction speed threshold may include a first pupillary light reaction speed threshold and a second pupillary light reaction speed threshold greater than the first pupillary light reaction speed threshold. Preferably, the pupil light reaction speed threshold is divided into three levels by the first pupil light reaction speed threshold and the second pupil light reaction speed threshold, which are respectively: the slow level whose pupil light reaction speed is less than the first pupil light reaction speed threshold; the pupil light reaction speed The speed is greater than the first pupil light reaction speed threshold and less than the middle level of the second pupil light reaction speed threshold; the pupil light reaction speed is greater than the second pupil light reaction speed threshold of the fast level.

Preferably, the display unit 130 further includes an indicator light 132 . Preferably, the indicator light 132 may include three colors of red, green and blue. Preferably, the green light represents small steps in pupil size or slow steps in pupillary light response speed. Preferably, the blue indicator light represents the middle grade of pupil size or the middle grade of pupil light response speed. Preferably, the red indicator light represents a large level of pupil size or a fast level of pupillary light reaction speed.

Referring to FIG. 3 , preferably, the control unit 110 generates a measurement command and sends it to the light source 121 and the camera 122 . The light source 121 emits light beams to the pupils of the person under test, and the pupils of the person under test reflect the light beams. The reflected light beam passes through the lens assembly 123 and converges on the camera 122, thereby allowing the camera 122 to capture the image of the pupil of the person under test irradiated by the light beam. Preferably, the camera 122 starts to continuously collect images of the pupils of the person under test after receiving the measurement instruction, and transmits the collected images to the processing module 111 .

Preferably, the processing module 111 sequentially performs grayscale conversion, binarization processing, edge detection and edge arc fitting on the pupil image, and then converts the obtained measurement data according to the pixel/true ratio value to obtain the measurement result, and measures The results are sent to the display screen 131 for display, while the processing module 111 grades the measurement results and sends the graded results to the indicator light 132 for display.

Preferably, since the storage module 112 can store pupil images and measurement results, medical personnel can analyze the patient's condition changes by querying historical pupil images and measurement results and comparing historical pupil data with current pupil images and historical measurement results . When the medical staff inquires about the historical pupil images and measurement results, the control unit 110 generates an inquiry instruction and sends it to the storage module 112 . In response to receiving the query instruction, the storage module 112 retrieves the pupil image and/or the measurement result corresponding to the corresponding pupil data and sends them to the display unit 130 for display.

Preferably, the processing module 111 performs binarization processing on the pupil image after the gray scale conversion by means of image segmentation to obtain a binarized image of the pupil image. Preferably, the processing module 111 selects the gray value corresponding to the minimum frequency value between the two peaks in the gray histogram of the image as the segmentation gray threshold to generate a binarized image of the pupil. Preferably, the processing module 111 uses pixels whose grayscale value is less than the segmentation grayscale threshold in the image as pupil pixels, otherwise as background pixels, and performs a process on the pupil image and the background image in the image according to the pupil pixels and the background pixels. Binary segmentation.

Preferably, the processing module 111 obtains the edge pixel points of the pupil binarized image through the edge detection function; the processing module 111 outputs the radius value of the best arc fitting through the input edge pixel image through the arc fitting function.

Preferably, the processing module 111 calculates the ratio of the pixel width of the reference object to the real width as the pixel/real ratio value by acquiring the image pixel information of the reference object collected by the camera 122 at the measurement position and the real size information of the reference object.

Example 2

This embodiment is a further improvement on Embodiment 1, and repeated content will not be repeated here.

This embodiment provides a pupil measurement method. Pupillometry methods include at least:

applying a light stimulus to the pupil and continuously acquiring images of the pupil;

Measure pupil size and light response speed based on the pupil image;

Wherein, the continuously collected pupil images at least include the pupil image before the pupil is stimulated by light and the pupil image with the largest change in pupil size after the pupil is stimulated by light;

Based on the pupil images before and after the pupil is stimulated by light, the amount of change in pupil size and the change time are determined to determine the light reaction speed of the pupil.

Preferably, the pupil measurement method also includes:

Gray-scale conversion, binarization processing, edge detection and edge arc fitting are performed on the pupil image in turn, and then the measured data is scaled according to the pixel/true ratio value to obtain the measurement results, and the measurement results are displayed visually.

Specifically, binarization processing is performed on the gray-scale converted pupil image by means of image segmentation to obtain a binarized image of the pupil image.

Preferably, the histogram bimodal method is used for image segmentation, and the gray value corresponding to the minimum frequency value between the two peaks is selected as the gray threshold for segmentation to generate a binarized image of the pupil.

Preferably, the method for generating the binarized image of the pupil is to use the pixels whose gray value in the image is smaller than the segmentation gray threshold as the pupil pixels, otherwise as the background pixels, and according to the comparison between the pupil pixels and the background pixels in the image The pupil image and the background image are binarized and segmented.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the edge pixel points of the binarized pupil image are obtained through the edge detection function; the processing module 111 outputs the radius value of the best arc fitting through the input edge pixel image through the arc fitting function.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the ratio of the pixel width of the reference object to the real width is calculated as the pixel/real ratio value by using the image pixel information of the reference object collected at the measurement position and the real size information of the reference object.

Preferably, the pupil image collected by the image collection unit 120 in this embodiment. Preferably, the image acquisition unit 120 may include a light source 121 , a camera 122 and a lens assembly 123 . Referring to FIG. 2 , preferably, the camera 122 is arranged coaxially with the light source 121 , and the lens assembly 123 is located between the light source 121 and the camera 122 . Preferably, the lens assembly 123 is positioned coaxially with respect to the camera 122 and the light source 121 . In response to receiving the measurement instruction, the light source 121 of the image acquisition unit 120 emits a light beam to the pupil of the person under test, and the pupil of the person under test reflects the light beam. The reflected light beam passes through the lens assembly 123 and converges on the camera 122, thereby allowing the camera 122 to capture the image of the pupil of the person under test irradiated by the light beam.

Preferably, the light source 121 is configured to emit light beams onto the eyes of the person under test. The light beam can be infrared light or visible light. The camera 122 is configured to capture light reflected from the eye of the person under test. The lens assembly 123 is configured to focus the light reflected from the eyes of the person under test onto the camera 122 .

Preferably, in the present invention, the light source 121 emits light beams to the eyes of the person under test, and the camera 122 is used to capture the light reflected by the eyes of the person under test, so as to obtain an image of the pupil of the person under test. In the process of obtaining the pupil image of the person under test, no detection pole directly contacts the human eye, especially no detection pole directly contacts the eyeball, so as to avoid excessive pupil contraction caused by the human body's self-defense when measuring the pupil, and ensure the measurement data accuracy.

Preferably, this embodiment can store pupil images and measurement results. During diagnosis, medical personnel can query historical pupil images and measurement results and compare historical pupil data with current pupil images and historical measurement results to analyze patient changes in condition.

Preferably, this embodiment can also grade the pupil size and light reaction speed.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the pupil size is graded by comparing the measured pupil size with a preset pupil size threshold. Preferably, the preset pupil size threshold may include a first pupil size threshold and a second pupil size threshold greater than the first pupil size threshold. Preferably, the pupil size is divided into three grades by the first pupil size threshold and the second pupil size threshold, which are respectively: the pupil size is smaller than the first pupil size threshold; the pupil size is larger than the first pupil size threshold and smaller than the second pupil size Medium for the size threshold; large for pupil sizes larger than the second pupil size threshold.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the pupil light reaction speed is graded by comparing the measured pupil light reaction speed with a preset pupil light reaction speed threshold. Preferably, the preset pupillary light reaction speed threshold may include a first pupillary light reaction speed threshold and a second pupillary light reaction speed threshold greater than the first pupillary light reaction speed threshold. Preferably, the pupil light reaction speed threshold is divided into three levels by the first pupil light reaction speed threshold and the second pupil light reaction speed threshold, which are respectively: the slow level whose pupil light reaction speed is less than the first pupil light reaction speed threshold; the pupil light reaction speed The speed is greater than the first pupil light reaction speed threshold and less than the middle level of the second pupil light reaction speed threshold; the pupil light reaction speed is greater than the second pupil light reaction speed threshold of the fast level.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the indicator lights 132 in three colors of red, green and blue indicate the grading results of pupil size and/or pupil light reaction speed. Preferably, the green light represents small steps in pupil size or slow steps in pupillary light response speed. Preferably, the blue indicator light represents the middle grade of pupil size or the middle grade of pupil light response speed. Preferably, the red indicator light represents a large level of pupil size or a fast level of pupillary light reaction speed.

Example 3

This embodiment is a further improvement on Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, and repeated content will not be repeated here.

This embodiment provides a multifunctional pupil observation pen 200 . The multifunctional pupil observation pen 200 is equipped with the pupil measurement system 100 provided by the present invention. Preferably, the multifunctional pupil observation pen 200 is provided with a puncture needle 220 on the pen body 210 for performing a needle prick test. Preferably, the multi-functional pupil observation pen 200 can also be used as a needle-prick test tool to meet the regular need for needle-prick test while meeting the writing needs and pupil measurement needs of medical personnel.

Referring to FIG. 4 , preferably, the multifunctional pupil observation pen 200 includes at least a pen body 210 . One end of the pen body 210 is connected to the nib 240 and the other end is connected to the detection head 230 . Preferably, the surface of the detection head 230 is provided with a display screen 131 , an indicator light 132 and a control button 231 . Preferably, the display screen 131 , the indicator light 132 and the control button 231 are arranged on the same side surface of the detection head 230 . Preferably, in the middle of the pen body 210, a puncturing needle 220 for performing a needle prick test is arranged. Preferably, one end of the needle 220 is connected to the pen body 210 in a manner that can rotate around the connection point.

Preferably, the medical personnel rotate the puncturing needle 220 to a position perpendicular to the pen body 210 , and then use the pen body 210 as a handle to make the free end of the puncturing needle 220 contact the patient, so as to perform the needle prick test.

Preferably, the medical staff rotates the puncturing needle 220 so that it coincides with the pen body 210, so that the pen body 210 and the puncturing needle 220 can be held as a pen holder for writing.

Referring to FIG. 5 , preferably, the pupil measurement system 100 in Embodiment 1 is mounted on a detection head 230 . Preferably, the detection head 230 is provided with a processing chip component 232 serving as the control unit 110 of the pupil measurement system 100 . Preferably, the control unit 110 includes a processing module 111 and a storage module 112 . Preferably, the processing chip assembly 232 is electrically connected to the light source 121 , the camera 122 , the display screen 131 , the indicator light 132 and the control button 231 respectively. Preferably, the medical staff can use the control button 231 to make the detection head 230 measure the pupil size or pupil light reaction speed.

Preferably, the control unit 110 generates a measurement command and sends it to the light source 121 and the camera 122 . The light source 121 emits light beams to the pupils of the person under test, and the pupils of the person under test reflect the light beams. The reflected light beam passes through the lens assembly 123 and converges on the camera 122, thereby allowing the camera 122 to capture the image of the pupil of the person under test irradiated by the light beam. Preferably, the camera 122 starts to continuously collect images of the pupils of the measured person after receiving the measurement instruction.

Preferably, the processing module 111 sequentially performs grayscale conversion, binarization processing, edge detection and edge arc fitting on the pupil image, and then converts the obtained measurement data according to the pixel/true ratio value to obtain the measurement result, and measures The results are sent to the display screen 131 for display, while the processing module 111 grades the measurement results and sends the graded results to the indicator light 132 for display.

According to a preferred embodiment, the light source and the camera are configured as structures and/or system control designs that are independent of each other with respect to the left and right eyes and that can differentially act on optical stimulation to the corresponding monocular object. To achieve this, the device can be configured as two independent entities at least, or at least the light source, the camera and the corresponding light-shielding part are designed independently of each other in a manner relative to the eyes. Basically, two darkrooms can be divided for both eyes. The darkroom is composed of a light-shielding part, and the light-shielding part can be made of some opaque materials, such as plastic parts and rubber parts to form a cavity space, because the selected material is opaque , so a basically dark environment is formed in the cavity, which helps to keep the pupils diffused, and rubber parts are used to contact the skin around the eyes of the patient to reduce friction and form a buffer. At least two sets of light sources and cameras are arranged in two darkrooms, and the two can be separately controlled to act on the patient's eyes. When checking the pupil, it is often necessary to make the patient’s pupil dilate to the maximum in advance, and then proceed to the follow-up examination related to light stimulation. Diffusion means that the light in the patient's field of view is minimized or even eliminated, so that the patient's pupils naturally diffuse to the maximum. But in any case, after the patient's pupil dilates, the environment should be as low-brightness or even dark as possible to prevent the patient's pupil from being affected by the ambient light and causing undesired contraction. environment.

In part of the detection process for the pupil, it is necessary to detect the pupil’s feedback to the light stimulus, that is, the contraction of the pupil. Based on ophthalmology medical knowledge, light has a stimulating effect on the pupil, and the light makes the pupil contract. In general, the light intensity It has a certain proportional relationship with the degree of pupillary contraction. Therefore, it is a relatively common inspection item in ophthalmology to detect the reaction time and degree of pupillary contraction to light. It can reflect the physiological status and disease status related to the pupil and eye of the patient. The traditional pupil inspection is manual inspection, that is, the doctor holds the pupil inspection equipment to irradiate the human eye, and then visually observes the pupil constriction. However, this method can only inspect relatively simple items, and is not suitable for deeper and more complex detection. The existing technology also proposes to use visual recognition or image recognition to assist doctors to judge the degree of constriction of the patient's pupil image by virtue of the powerful functions of computers and image acquisition equipment. Generally, it can be accurate to the degree of millimeter-level changes in pupil diameter. However, As mentioned above, the human eye will only contract when there is light stimulation, which means that when the pupil contracts, there is light in the environment, in particular, there is visible light in the environment, and in order to prevent the image acquisition device from acquiring images However, the light emitted to the human eye causes the pupil to shrink unexpectedly, and the image acquisition device can only perform pupil imaging by means of the above-mentioned reflection of the visible light that stimulates the pupil. The light source of the light and the pupil of the human eye are on the same axis. However, due to the lens structure of the human eye, the reflected light will cause a large reflection phenomenon in the imaging of the image acquisition device, resulting in unclear image acquisition and difficult image program identification. Obtain a more accurate pupil background image. The existing technology may configure some special algorithms in terms of anti-reflection glare or add some structures to filter reflections from the physical level, but this will undoubtedly increase the manufacturing cost of the device and/or the development cost of the software algorithm, and, from the aspect of the algorithm It is more difficult to reduce the problem of incomplete or unclear imaging caused by reflections on the tiny scale of pupil size and the time scale of instantaneous contraction, and it also has high requirements for the computing power of the processor. The authenticity of the test results obtained by using the "photography" method is also open to question. Based on the requirements of medical examination, the irradiation of light on the human eye cannot cause the problem of "great changes in the pupil" during the examination of the pupil, such as a jump in light intensity, which will cause the patient's pupil to shrink and expand. In view of the lag in pupillary dilation Therefore, how to obtain a more accurate and real pupil background image without affecting the uniform stimulation of the light to the pupil in order to achieve pupil Proper diagnosis is a problem that needs to be solved.

Based on this, this solution provides a preferred implementation mode. In this embodiment, the light source is configured to act on the patient's eyes according to the first frequency, and the light source can emit visible light to prompt the patient's pupils to constrict. In addition, an infrared emitting unit is configured with at least a part of the light emitting direction in the same direction as the light source. The infrared emitting unit is configured to act on the patient's eyes according to the second frequency, wherein the visible light and the infrared light configured at the first frequency and the second frequency are in the same order as Satisfied that the respective stroboscopic intervals are just staggered to act on the eyes of the patient respectively, that is, the peaks of visible light and the troughs of infrared light are parallel in the time dimension, and the phases are opposite. Among them, the amplitudes of the two can be the same or different . The camera is equipped with an electronic shutter at the third frequency to capture several continuous video frames related to the third frequency. The frame pictures include images with single visible light effect, single infrared light effect, dual effect of visible light and infrared light and no effect of visible light and infrared light. Both the first frequency and the second frequency control the opening and closing of the light emitting structure, that is, "brightness and darkness", and the third frequency controls the opening and closing of the photosensitive chip of the camera. Preferably, the processor selects the frame picture under the action of single infrared light, processes it to form a background image of the pupil, further processes and obtains parameters such as pupil size, change size and change time, and provides it to the doctor as a diagnostic reference. Preferably, the camera can also be configured to configure an electronic shutter with a second frequency, and when the infrared light is irradiated, the electronic shutter of the camera is in the "on" logic, so that the pupil image irradiated by the infrared light can be obtained directly. Preferably, the first frequency is at least greater than 50 Hz, and the video frame rate of the camera controlled by the third frequency is at least 24 frames, preferably 30 frames, more preferably 60 frames.

The above scheme achieves the effect of obtaining a real pupil background image without affecting the uniform stimulation of the pupil by light to achieve a reasonable diagnosis of the pupil. First, infrared rays will not stimulate the human eye, and the human eye is sensitive to infrared rays The absorption ability is stronger than that of visible light, so the contraction and dilation reaction of the pupil is not generated for the irradiation of infrared light, and there will not be more reflection phenomenon, so the pupil can be imaged based on the image under infrared irradiation. Moreover, in the imaging process, based on the control of the flicker frequency, visible light does not act on the pupil of the patient, but this does not cause the pupil of the patient to jump. Based on the visual retention effect of the human eye, the eyeball cannot respond to high-frequency changes. The light responds, so even during imaging, the patient's pupils do not respond unexpectedly, but continue to respond with the desired constriction as guided by the visible light. The above solution achieves real-time acquisition of a clear, complete and non-reflective real image of the pupil without using "calculation "Photography" method, can directly process images to obtain real parameters, greatly reduce the processor load, make it possible to use a simple, relatively economical processor solution, reduce processing delays, and output credible results more quickly and accurately. The work of medically diagnosing the state of the pupil has significantly improved.

It should be noted that the above specific embodiments are exemplary, and those skilled in the art can come up with various solutions inspired by the disclosure of the present invention, and these solutions also belong to the scope of the disclosure of the present invention and fall within the scope of this disclosure. within the scope of protection of the invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the description and drawings of the present invention are illustrative rather than limiting to the claims. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents. Throughout the text, the features introduced by "preferably" are only optional, and should not be interpreted as having to be set. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to waive or delete relevant preferred features at any time. The description of the present invention contains a number of inventive concepts, such as "preferably", "according to a preferred embodiment" or "optionally" all indicate that the corresponding paragraph discloses an independent concept, and the applicant reserves the right to propose a division based on each inventive concept right to apply.

Claims (10)

1. A pupil measurement system, characterized in that it comprises at least a control unit (110), an image acquisition unit (120) and a display unit (130);

the control unit (110) generates a measurement instruction and sends the measurement instruction to the image acquisition unit (120);

in response to receipt of the measurement instruction, the image acquisition unit (120) applies light stimuli to the pupil and continuously acquires pupil images sent to the control unit (110);

the control unit (110) measures the size of the pupil and the light reaction speed by performing data processing on the pupil image;

the pupil images continuously acquired by the image acquisition unit (120) at least comprise pupil images before the pupils are subjected to light stimulation and pupil images with the largest pupil size change after the pupils are subjected to light stimulation;

the control unit (110) determines the size change amount of the pupil and the light reaction speed of the pupil when the size change amount and the change amount are determined based on the pupil image before and after the pupil is subjected to light stimulation.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the image acquisition unit (120) comprises at least a light source (121), a camera (122) and a lens assembly (123);

the camera (122) is coaxially arranged with the light source (121), and the lens assembly (123) is positioned between the light source (121) and the camera (122); wherein the lens assembly (123) is coaxially positioned with respect to the camera (122) and the light source (121);

in response to the receiving of the measurement instruction, the light source (121) of the image acquisition unit (120) emits a light beam to the pupil of the person to be measured, and the pupil of the person to be measured reflects the light beam;

the reflected light beam passes through the lens assembly (123) and is converged on the camera (122), so that the camera (122) is allowed to capture an image of the pupil of the person under test under the irradiation of the light beam.

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said control unit (110) comprises at least a processing module (111) and a storage module (112);

the processing module (111) is in communication data connection with the storage module (112), the image acquisition unit (120) and the display unit (130) respectively;

the image acquisition unit (120) sends the acquired pupil image to the processing module (111);

in response to the receipt of the pupil image, the processing module (111) sequentially performs gray level conversion, binarization processing, edge detection and edge arc fitting on the pupil image, performs proportional conversion on the obtained measurement data according to a pixel/true ratio value to obtain a measurement result, and sends the measurement result to the display unit (130) for display;

the storage module (112) is used for storing the pupil images and the measurement results, and the processing module (111) can retrieve the pupil images from the storage module (112) and/or send the measurement results to the display unit (130) for displaying.

4. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the processing module (111) is further capable of grading the size of the pupil and the light reaction speed; the processing module (111) generates a corresponding prompt instruction based on the grading result and sends the prompt instruction to the display unit (130).

5. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the processing module (111) performs binarization processing on the pupil image after the gray scale conversion in an image segmentation manner to obtain a binarized image of the pupil image;

the processing module (111) selects a gray value corresponding to a minimum frequency value between two peaks in an image gray histogram as a segmentation gray threshold value to generate a binary image of the pupil;

the processing module (111) takes the pixel points with the gray value smaller than the segmentation gray threshold value in the image as pupil pixel points, and takes the pixel points as background pixel points, otherwise, the pixel points are taken as background pixel points, and the pupil image and the background image in the image are subjected to binarization segmentation according to the pupil pixel points and the background pixel points.

6. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the processing module (111) obtains edge pixel points of the pupil binarized image through an edge detection function; the processing module (111) outputs a radius value of the best arc fit through the input edge pixel image by an arc fit function.

7. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the processing module (111) calculates a ratio of a pixel width of the reference object to a real width as a pixel/real ratio value by acquiring image pixel information of the reference object acquired by the camera (122) at the measurement position and real size information of the reference object.

8. A pupil measurement method, comprising at least:

applying a light stimulus to a pupil and continuously acquiring images of the pupil;

measuring a size and a light reaction speed of a pupil based on the pupil image;

the pupil images which are continuously collected at least comprise pupil images before the pupils are stimulated by light and pupil images with the largest pupil size change after the pupils are stimulated by the light;

and determining the size change quantity of the pupil and the light response speed of the pupil when the size change quantity and the change quantity are determined on the basis of the pupil images before and after the pupil is subjected to light stimulation.

9. The pupil measurement method of claim 8, further comprising:

and sequentially carrying out gray level conversion, binarization processing, edge detection and edge arc fitting on the pupil image, then carrying out proportional conversion on the obtained measurement data according to the pixel/real ratio value to obtain a measurement result, and carrying out visual display on the measurement result.

10. A multifunctional pupil observation pen, characterized in that the multifunctional pupil observation pen is equipped with a pupil measuring system as claimed in claims 1 to 7; the multifunctional pupil observation pen is characterized in that a puncture needle (220) for performing a needle sensation examination is arranged on a pen body (210).

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