CN115642957B - A laser communication optical transceiver suitable for UAV platforms with limited load capacity - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种适用于带载能力有限的无人机平台的激光通信光端机，属于光通信技术领域；其包括激光发射单元、MEMS反射镜扫描单元、跟踪和接收通信单元；MEMS反射镜扫描单元由两轴准静态MEMS反射镜代替机械结构进行光束扫描，由MEMS反射镜和正负透镜组组成的伽利略式望远镜构成；跟踪和接收单元，主要由光电检测单元、伺服跟踪单元、通信解调单元组成，通过以加法电路和减法电路为主的电子学处理手段分别完成通信和跟踪功能；本发明利用MEMS反射镜作为伺服机构，以倒置变焦伽利略望远光学系统为天线，CMOS和QD分别作为粗精跟踪探测器，通过变焦的方式实现快速扫描捕获，设计合理，方式新颖，具备据止环境下应用的前景。
The invention discloses a laser communication optical terminal suitable for an unmanned aerial vehicle platform with limited carrying capacity, belonging to the technical field of optical communication; the laser communication optical terminal comprises a laser emitting unit, a MEMS reflector scanning unit, and a tracking and receiving communication unit; the MEMS reflector scanning unit uses a two-axis quasi-static MEMS reflector to replace a mechanical structure for light beam scanning, and is composed of a Galileo telescope composed of a MEMS reflector and a positive and negative lens group; the tracking and receiving unit is mainly composed of a photoelectric detection unit, a servo tracking unit, and a communication demodulation unit, and completes the communication and tracking functions respectively through electronic processing means mainly based on addition circuits and subtraction circuits; the invention uses a MEMS reflector as a servo mechanism, an inverted zoom Galileo telescopic optical system as an antenna, and CMOS and QD as coarse and fine tracking detectors respectively, and realizes rapid scanning and capturing by zooming, and has a reasonable design and a novel method, and has a prospect of application in a fixed environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical communication, in particular to a laser communication optical transceiver applicable to an unmanned aerial vehicle platform with limited carrying capacity.
Background
Compared with the radio frequency microwave communication technology, the wireless laser communication technology is widely focused by virtue of the characteristics of high communication speed and strong applicability in the refusing environment. At present, various products such as ground, satellite-borne, airborne, ship-borne, underwater, individual soldiers and the like are developed at home and abroad, and the mobile and non-mobile platforms in various fields such as sky, ground, sea and the like are covered. With the development of technology, wireless laser communication is rapidly iterating toward miniaturization and generalization.
The miniaturized design of the wireless laser communication terminal can be realized by means of a Micro-Electro-Mechanical (MEMS) device, such as a MEMS actuator, a MEMS mirror, etc. The stable capturing, tracking and aiming of the servo mechanism can be ensured on the basis of miniaturization by utilizing the volume and weight advantages of the devices. Wherein, the MEMS reflector is generally in the form of a chip, and a circular or rectangular reflecting surface with a millimeter caliber is integrated, and the mechanical deflection angle is generally within +/-5 degrees.
The satellite-borne wireless laser communication terminal has a long communication distance, a telescopic optical system can be added in front of the MEMS reflector, the receiving caliber is increased, and larger receiving gain is obtained. The telescopic system can also cause the optical deflection angle range to be compressed, but the satellite-borne terminal can control the initial pointing within a range of +/-1 DEG by means of satellite sensitivity, so that the whole system can completely meet the requirements of inter-satellite long-distance capturing, tracking and aiming.
For a single soldier or a handheld miniaturized wireless optical communication terminal, the biggest technical difficulty is that the alignment cannot be assisted by accurate guidance, and the ATP function of the wireless optical communication terminal completely depends on the terminal. Therefore, the scanning range is small and the chain construction is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a laser communication optical transceiver suitable for an unmanned aerial vehicle platform with limited carrying capacity, which uses an MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) reflector as a servo mechanism, an inverted zoom Galileo telescopic optical system as an antenna, and CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) and QD (Quadrant photo-detector) as coarse and fine tracking detectors respectively, realizes quick scanning and capturing in a zooming mode, has reasonable design and novel mode, and has application prospect in a limited environment.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a laser communication optical transceiver suitable for unmanned plane platform with limited carrying capacity comprises a laser transmitting unit, an MEMS reflector scanning unit and a tracking and receiving communication unit;
the MEMS reflector scanning unit is formed by a Galilean telescope consisting of an MEMS reflector and positive and negative lens groups, wherein the mechanical structure is replaced by a two-axis quasi-static MEMS reflector to scan light beams;
The tracking and receiving unit mainly comprises a photoelectric detection unit, a servo tracking unit and a communication demodulation unit, and the communication and tracking functions are respectively completed through an electronic processing means mainly comprising an addition circuit and a subtraction circuit;
the method comprises the following steps of scanning beacon light with larger beam divergence angle in an uncertain region by a double-optical terminal, reducing the uncertain region, and then using communication light to complete capturing and tracking:
Step 1, initializing an end machine A and an end machine B, wherein the angle of an MEMS reflector returns to zero, and resetting the zoom optical antenna;
step 2, the pointing adjustment range of the end machine A and the end machine B is 40 degrees multiplied by 60 degrees, the end machine A uses a CMOS detector to cooperate with a zoom optical antenna to keep staring, namely, the whole view field of the diagonal line of the CMOS effective area is about 70 degrees;
step 3, after the scanning of the end machine B is finished, returning to a central zero position, scanning the end machine A in a small range by using a large beam of scattered angle beacon light around the end machine B, and after the end machine B detects the beacon light of the end machine A, adjusting an optical axis and pointing to the end machine A;
Step 4, after the end machine and the end machine respectively finish scanning, an uncertain region is obtained, at the moment, the optical antenna is required to finish zooming, and the large-beam scattered angle beacon light is switched into small-beam scattered angle signal light to enter a secondary capture tracking, wherein the size of the uncertain region depends on subdivision capability of the CMOS detector and a centroid extraction algorithm, and the field of view of the detector in a secondary capture tracking light path is larger than that of the uncertain region, so that the secondary detector can receive optical signals;
And 5, in the secondary capturing and tracking, a four-quadrant detector is adopted to further adjust the optical axis direction and realize tracking and communication integration.
Further, the MEMS reflector scanning unit is a receiving and transmitting common-caliber multiplexing unit based on an MEMS reflector and a Galileo telescope, the Galileo telescope comprises a Kepler type telescopic system and a Galileo type telescopic system, and the MEMS reflector comprises a two-axis quasi-static MEMS reflector, a two-axis resonance state MEMS reflector and an x-axis quasi-static MEMS reflector.
Furthermore, the laser emission unit uses a laser to generate laser with required frequency and energy, utilizes a random number generation module to simulate data transmitted by laser communication, and uses an RS encoding and decoding technology to enhance the anti-interference capability of the system.
Furthermore, the tracking and receiving unit adopts a large target surface hollow four-quadrant detector, which is used for solving the contradiction among the size of the target surface, the communication bandwidth and the communication speed, and ensuring the laser communication speed while realizing high-precision target position resolving.
Furthermore, the Galilean telescope consists of a positive lens group and a negative lens group, can greatly expand the scanning caliber according to the focal length of the two lens groups, and the angle amplifying capacity of the Galilean telescope system is determined by the focal length multiples of the two lens groups.
The beneficial effects generated by adopting the technical scheme are as follows:
The invention can greatly expand the optical deflection angle range of the MEMS galvanometer by inverting the Galileo type optical telescopic system, and the combination mode of the positive lens and the negative lens ensures that the whole structure is shorter, thereby being beneficial to the miniaturization design of the system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the scan range expansion principle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it will be apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
In order to solve the problems in the background technology, the embodiment can consider that the telescope optical system is used reversely on the basis of integrating the small MEMS reflector, and the mechanical deflection angle of the MEMS reflector is maintained and the optical deflection angle is enlarged. Based on the thought, a scheme which does not need guidance and can search and communicate in a large range is provided. The MEMS reflector is used as a servo mechanism, the inverted zoom Galileo telescopic optical system is used as an antenna, the CMOS and QD (Quadrant photodetector) are respectively used as coarse and fine tracking detectors, the quick scanning capture is realized in a zooming mode, the scanning and tracking range is greatly enlarged, and the chain construction efficiency of a communication terminal machine is improved.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment proposes a schematic block diagram of a wireless optical communication terminal, in which the communication distance is designed to be not less than 250m. The capturing and tracking is formed by two stages, the two stages share the same MEMS reflector as an actuating mechanism, and the end machine A and the end machine B respectively adopt continuous lasers with the wavelength of 808nm and 850 nm. Only one laser is used in each terminal, beacon light is emitted before zooming, and signal light is emitted after zooming. The visible light CMOS detector and the silicon-based four-quadrant detector are respectively adopted in the first-stage capturing tracking and the second-stage capturing tracking, the response interval of the two detectors is 400-1100 nm, and the laser detection and positioning of 808nm and 850nm can be realized.
The wireless optical communication terminal mainly comprises a laser emitting module, an optical antenna module, a servo tracking module, a communication baseband module and a power supply module. In the invention, a single terminal laser emission module is integrated with only one laser source, and signal light and beacon light switching is realized by means of a zoom optical antenna. The servo tracking module scans and steps the incident light signal through the MEMS galvanometer according to the detector feedback signal, and the communication baseband module is responsible for coding and modulating the emergent light signal and demodulating the received signal after establishing effective optical link connection. The power module provides stable constant voltage output for other modules.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment provides a design method of an optical antenna of a laser communication terminal machine suitable for platforms such as spaceborne, unmanned aerial vehicles and individual soldiers, so as to solve the technical problems of large-field scanning capture, limited pointing range, overlarge full-field distortion and the like in a light-weight and miniaturized wireless optical communication terminal.
The MEMS reflector is adopted as a servo control device for antenna pointing control, and has the advantages of high precision, small volume and low power consumption. The MEMS reflector of Mirrorcle can support two-axis rotation, the mechanical deflection angle can reach +/-5 degrees, the resolution ratio is 14bit, the target surface size can reach 5mm, the optical deflection angle adjusting range of parallel light incident at 45 degrees can reach +/-10 degrees, and the optical deflection angle range is expanded to 70 degrees by using an inverted optical telescope system. The Galilean telescope adopting the combination of positive and negative lenses can reduce the total length of the system under the condition of the same angle amplifying capability, is beneficial to the design of a miniaturized structure, and has the scanning range amplifying principle shown in figure 2.
On the basis, an antenna zooming function is added, a switching zooming mode is adopted to improve a telescopic system, the front group is a switchable positive cemented lens, and the rear group is a negative cemented lens. The angle amplification was kept at 3 by designing the lens group focal length multiple, and simulation was performed after optimization using AMAG operands. When the collimated laser enters the MEMS galvanometer and enters the zoom system after primary reflection, the divergence angle is 50mrad before switching, and the divergence angle can be controlled to be 1mrad and is close to the diffraction limit under the condition of keeping the angle amplification rate unchanged after switching. The design uses the even aspherical surface to correct distortion, and the first surface and the last surface of the rear group of cemented lenses are both even aspherical surfaces. Simulation shows the correction effect before zooming, and the difference value of barrel distortion before and after zooming is found to be the largest and less than 0.10% when the difference value is 0.9.
In the design, a common caliber mechanism is adopted for transmitting and receiving the laser, and a receiving light path can be obtained by inverting the transmitting light path. In the signal receiving optical path, the actual aperture diaphragm is an MEMS mirror, and the MEMS mirror is disposed inclined by 45 °, and if the aperture is D MEMS, the maximum aperture D signal of the signal light emitted from the MEMS mirror is:
The single positive lens is used for simply converging the received beacon light before CMOS, the MTF value of each view field is larger than 0.5 at 50lp/mm, and the detector with the pixel size smaller than 10um is used, so that the angular resolution of the beacon light detection system is better than 2.5mrad. Considering that there is a maximum distortion difference of 0.5mrad before and after zooming, the field of view of the four-quadrant detector in the fine tracking system should be greater than 5mrad. Under the condition that a converging lens is not used, the four-quadrant detector directly receives the reflected light of the MEMS reflector, in order to enable the four-quadrant detector to achieve a better detection effect, the target surface caliber D QD of the four-quadrant detector is as follows:
DQD≈2Dsignal
In the fine tracking system, the maximum image space angle of view of the four-quadrant detector is 5mrad, and if the distance between the center of the MEMS reflector and the center of the four-quadrant detector is L 1:
In wireless laser communication, the laser divergence angle, ATP field of view, uncertainty area, and the like of the system are different from each other, and thus, capturing alignment can be roughly classified into three modes, gaze-gaze, gaze-scan, skip-scan. In order to simplify the structure of the terminal and reduce the complexity, in the embodiment, a mode of combining the beacon light and the signal light is used, and the purpose of switching is achieved through the zoom antenna. The method is characterized in that beacon light with larger beam divergence angle is used by a dual-optical transceiver to scan each other in an uncertain region, the uncertain region is reduced, and then communication light is used to complete capturing and tracking. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) A, B two terminals are initialized, wherein the angle of the MEMS reflecting mirror is reset, and the zoom optical antenna is reset.
(2) The direction adjustment range of the two end machines is 40 degrees multiplied by 60 degrees, and no accurate guiding means exists under the condition of no-load environment. The a-terminal will therefore remain gazed using a CMOS detector in combination with a zoom optical antenna, i.e. the full field of view of the diagonal of the CMOS active area is about 70 °. The B-terminal uses a large beam of scattered angle beacon light to scan the entire pointing adjustment range in a spiral scanning manner. And after the end machine A detects the beacon light of the end machine B, the optical axis is adjusted to point to the end machine B.
(3) And after the end machine B finishes scanning, returning to a central zero position, scanning the end machine A in a small range by using a large beam of scattered angle beacon light around the end machine B, and after the end machine B detects the end machine A beacon light, adjusting an optical axis and pointing to the end machine A.
(4) And A, B, after the end machine finishes scanning respectively, obtaining an uncertain region, wherein the optical antenna is required to finish zooming, and the large-beam scattered angle beacon light is switched into the small-beam scattered angle signal light to enter a secondary capturing and tracking mode. The size of the uncertain region depends on the subdivision capability of the CMOS detector and the centroid extraction algorithm, and the field of view of the detector in the secondary capture tracking light path is larger than that of the uncertain region, so that the secondary detector can receive optical signals.
(5) In the second-stage capturing tracking, a four-quadrant detector is adopted to further adjust the optical axis direction and realize tracking communication integration.
Claims (5)
1. The laser communication optical transceiver suitable for the unmanned plane platform with limited carrying capacity is characterized by comprising a laser transmitting unit, an MEMS reflector scanning unit and a tracking and receiving communication unit;
the MEMS reflector scanning unit is formed by a Galilean telescope consisting of an MEMS reflector and positive and negative lens groups, wherein the mechanical structure is replaced by a two-axis quasi-static MEMS reflector to scan light beams;
The tracking and receiving unit mainly comprises a photoelectric detection unit, a servo tracking unit and a communication demodulation unit, and the communication and tracking functions are respectively completed through an electronic processing means mainly comprising an addition circuit and a subtraction circuit;
the method comprises the following steps of scanning beacon light with larger beam divergence angle in an uncertain region by a double-optical terminal, reducing the uncertain region, and then using communication light to complete capturing and tracking:
Step 1, initializing an end machine A and an end machine B, wherein the angle of an MEMS reflector returns to zero, and resetting the zoom optical antenna;
step 2, the pointing adjustment range of the end machine A and the end machine B is 40 degrees multiplied by 60 degrees, the end machine A uses a CMOS detector to cooperate with a zoom optical antenna to keep staring, namely, the whole view field of the diagonal line of the CMOS effective area is about 70 degrees;
step 3, after the scanning of the end machine B is finished, returning to a central zero position, scanning the end machine A in a small range by using a large beam of scattered angle beacon light around the end machine B, and after the end machine B detects the beacon light of the end machine A, adjusting an optical axis and pointing to the end machine A;
Step 4, after the end machine and the end machine respectively finish scanning, an uncertain region is obtained, at the moment, the optical antenna is required to finish zooming, and the large-beam scattered angle beacon light is switched into small-beam scattered angle signal light to enter a secondary capture tracking, wherein the size of the uncertain region depends on subdivision capability of the CMOS detector and a centroid extraction algorithm, and the field of view of the detector in a secondary capture tracking light path is larger than that of the uncertain region, so that the secondary detector can receive optical signals;
And 5, in the secondary capturing and tracking, a four-quadrant detector is adopted to further adjust the optical axis direction and realize tracking and communication integration.
2. The laser communication optical transceiver suitable for the unmanned aerial vehicle platform with limited carrying capacity according to claim 1, wherein the MEMS reflector scanning unit is a transceiving common-caliber multiplexing unit formed by an MEMS reflector and a Galileo telescope, the Galileo telescope comprises a Kepler telescope system and a Galileo telescope system, and the MEMS reflector comprises a two-axis quasi-static MEMS reflector, a two-axis resonance state MEMS reflector and an x-axis quasi-static MEMS reflector.
3. The laser communication optical transceiver of claim 1, wherein the laser transmitting unit uses a laser to generate laser with required frequency and energy, and uses a random number generating module to simulate data transmitted by laser communication, and uses RS encoding and decoding technology to enhance the anti-interference capability of the system.
4. The laser communication optical transceiver suitable for the unmanned aerial vehicle platform with limited carrying capacity according to claim 1, wherein the tracking and receiving unit adopts a large target surface hollow four-quadrant detector for solving the contradiction among the target surface size, the communication bandwidth and the communication speed, and ensuring the laser communication speed while realizing high-precision target position resolving.
5. The laser communication optical transceiver applicable to the unmanned aerial vehicle platform with limited carrying capacity as claimed in claim 2, wherein the Galilean telescope consists of a positive lens group and a negative lens group, the scanning caliber can be greatly expanded according to the focal length of the two lens groups, and the angular magnification capacity of the Galilean telescope is determined by the focal length multiples of the two lens groups.
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| CN101096064A (en) * | 2007-07-10 | 2008-01-02 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Modular Direct Laser Engraving Unit |
| CN109239693A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-01-18 | 北京理工大学 | Receive and dispatch road scanning laser radar altogether |
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| US7609972B2 (en) * | 2005-08-02 | 2009-10-27 | Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. | Acquisition, pointing, and tracking architecture for laser communication |
| US20080056723A1 (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2008-03-06 | Randy Clinton Giles | Multiple access free space laser communication method and apparatus |
| CN109270515B (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2020-06-16 | 北京理工大学 | Variable scanning area coaxial receiving and transmitting scanning laser radar |
| CN111970058B (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2023-07-07 | 长春理工大学 | Rapid inter-satellite laser communication capturing method based on beaconing |
| CN113726428A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-30 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Large-view-field light and small-size laser communication optical transmitter and receiver suitable for light platform |
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| CN109239693A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-01-18 | 北京理工大学 | Receive and dispatch road scanning laser radar altogether |
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