CN115637994A - Support structure, shield segment structure comprising same and construction method of shield segment structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a support structure, a shield segment structure containing the same and a construction method thereof, belonging to the technical field of tunnel engineering, comprising a sleeve, a support member embedded in the sleeve and capable of reciprocating movement in the sleeve, and The end cap is detachably connected to the end of the support member, and by embedding the sleeve on the shield segment and connecting its two sides, the support member is used to provide support for the shield segment, and the support member is used to realize the shield tube Re-grouting of over-excavated space after sheet installation. The support structure of the present invention and the shield segment structure including it and its construction method, while reducing the floating amount of the shield segment through the support member, can also realize the re-grouting of the over-excavation space, effectively reducing the During the tunnel construction process, the uplift and surface subsidence of the shield segment, and its simple structure, convenient construction, good uplift control effect, can be widely used in tunnel construction, and has a good development prospect.

Description

A support structure and a shield segment structure including the same and a construction method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and in particular relates to a support structure, a shield segment structure containing the support structure and a construction method thereof.

Background technique

With the rapid development of infrastructure construction, my country's technology in tunnel engineering and other fields has reached the world's leading level. Among them, the shield method is a fully mechanized construction method in tunnel construction, which has the advantages of safe construction, high degree of automation, fast construction speed, It has the advantages of little impact on the surrounding environment, so it is widely used in tunnel construction, and it is the main construction method of tunnel construction in my country. Among them, the shield segment is the main assembly component of the shield construction. As the permanent lining structure of the inner layer of the tunnel, it bears the resistance to soil layer and groundwater pressure and some special loads. The safety of its setting is related to the overall quality and safety of the tunnel. sex.

During the construction of the shield tunnel, there will be a certain over-excavation gap between the shield segment and the surrounding strata, and it is necessary to perform synchronous grouting in time during the excavation process to fill the gap between the segment and the stratum, and wait for the grout to solidify Finally, the stratum and the segment form a whole to ensure the safety of tunnel construction.

However, since the synchronous grouting grout is in a liquid state before solidification and has no solid strength, this will cause partial or overall floating up of the shield segment, resulting in the upward deviation of the tunnel axis, segment misalignment, and segment damage. The construction quality of shield tunneling will be adversely affected. In order to reduce the impact of shield segment uplift, measures such as lowering the assembly construction axis of the shield tunnel in advance, improving the synchronous grouting layer, and strengthening the longitudinal connection stiffness of the shield tunnel are generally adopted. However, these measures passively control the impact of shield tunnel uplift, and the construction is complex, requiring the construction unit to have rich construction experience to be effective, and cannot be widely used in tunnel shield construction.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at one or more of the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a support structure, a shield segment structure containing it and a construction method thereof, which can support the shield segment At the same time, the re-grouting of the over-excavation space is realized, the floating amount of the shield segment and the surface settlement in the tunnel space are reduced, and the active control of the floating of the shield tunnel is realized.

To achieve the above object, one aspect of the present invention provides a support structure, which includes a sleeve, a support member and an end cap;

The sleeve is provided with a through hole through both ends, which is used for embedding and connecting of the support member;

The support member includes a support portion and a connection section arranged on the side of the support portion away from the support surface; the connection section is detachably connected to the sleeve, and makes the relative relationship between the support portion and the sleeve the position is adjustable by reciprocating movement of the connecting section within the through hole; and

A blind hole is opened in the connecting section, and the blind hole extends from the end of the supporting member away from the supporting part to the end of the connecting section close to the supporting part; There is at least one through hole communicating with the blind hole;

The end cap is arranged corresponding to the end of the connecting section away from the support part, and is detachably connected to the end of the connecting section, and is used for opening and closing the end of the blind hole.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the connecting section and the sleeve and/or the end cap and the connecting section are connected by threads.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the end of the connection section away from the support part is screwed to the sleeve, and the end of the connection section close to the support part matches the sliding gap of the sleeve.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the blind hole is a stepped hole, and the cross-sectional area of the position where the stepped hole is connected to the through hole is larger than the cross-sectional area of other parts.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the support part is a wing plate structure with a cross-sectional area larger than that of the connecting section.

As a further improvement of the present invention, at least one through hole is provided on the support portion;

and / or

An embedding groove is provided at the end of the sleeve corresponding to the wing plate, so that the wing plate can be correspondingly accommodated in the embedding groove and does not protrude from the end of the sleeve.

As a further improvement of the present invention, a seal is provided between the connecting section and the end cap for sealing after the two are connected;

and / or

A seal is provided corresponding to the end cap, for sealing between the end cap and the sleeve after the end cap is connected and installed.

One aspect of the present invention provides a shield segment structure, the shield segment is provided with at least one support structure described in any one of the above;

The sleeve is embedded on the shield segment and communicates with the inner and outer sides of the shield segment;

The thickness of the support part is smaller than the thickness of the overbreak gap, so that the through hole can protrude out of the sleeve when the support part supports the inner wall of the formation.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a construction method for a shield segment structure, which specifically includes the following steps:

(1) Determine the number and location of supporting structures according to the designed buoyancy resistance value;

(2) Prefabricate support members, end caps, sleeves and shield segments, and install the sleeves on the shield segments;

(3) Install the supporting member on the sleeve;

(4) Assemble the shield segment in the construction tunnel, and simultaneously inject grout into the over-excavation gap;

(5) Rotate and raise the support member, and press the upper end surface of the support member against the inner wall of the formation;

(6) Use the support member to inject grout from the inner side of the shield segment into the over-excavation gap. After the grouting is completed, install the end cap to complete the construction of the shield segment structure.

As a further improvement of the present invention, step (6) also includes the following steps:

Inject the quick-setting slurry into the over-excavation gap through the channel, and solidify in the over-excavation gap to form a solid structure;

and / or

When the ground subsidence occurs under the shield segment, the following steps are also included:

(7) Remove the end cap, clean the grouting channel, perform grouting again, and install the end cap after the grouting is completed to complete the filling of the overcut gap.

The above-mentioned improved technical features can be combined with each other as long as they do not constitute conflicts with each other.

Generally speaking, compared with the prior art, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention have beneficial effects including:

(1) The supporting structure of the present invention is provided with a sleeve with a through hole in the middle, and a supporting member that can move up and down along the sleeve is connected in the sleeve, and the supporting member is used to realize the supporting function of the component to be supported; and Through the blind hole and the through hole provided on the connecting section, a grouting channel is formed in the support member to realize the grouting or water injection function of the support structure.

(2) In the supporting structure of the present invention, by setting the connecting section and the sleeve as thread matching, while realizing the connection and matching between the two, the supporting member can move up and down along the sleeve by screwing the connecting section; By setting the support part as a wing plate structure, the support area between the support part and the part to be supported is increased, the stress concentration is reduced, and the support function of the support member is improved; the through hole provided on the support part reduces the support member under the liquid environment When moving upwards, the resistance of the liquid environment to the support member; at the same time, by setting a seal between the connecting section and the end cap, and setting a seal on the end cap, the sealing performance after connection between the members of the support structure is improved.

(3) The shield segment structure including the support structure of the present invention provides a downward support for the shield segment by setting the support structure on the shield segment and moving the support member up to the inner side wall of the formation. The supporting force effectively reduces the floating amount of the shield segment; at the same time, the blind hole and the through hole on the support member form the grouting hole, so that after the shield segment is installed and the over-excavation space is synchronously grouted, the over-excavation space can be Excavate the space for re-grouting to achieve further filling and reinforcement of the tunnel wall and reduce the impact of surface settlement on shield segments.

(4) The construction method of the support structure used to control the floating of the shield segment and the subsidence of the ground surface of the present invention has simple construction steps and convenient operation, and the support member can be moved upwards to touch the outer wall of the tunnel after the shield segment is installed. Then, it provides downward anti-buoyancy for the shield segment, and at the same time, through re-grouting the over-excavation space, it ensures the reliability and stability of the shield segment in the tunnel, and improves the construction quality of the tunnel.

(5) The support structure of the present invention and the shield segment structure including it and its construction method, while reducing the floating amount of the shield segment through the support member, can also realize the re-grouting of the over-excavation space, effectively It can reduce the floating amount of the shield segment and the surface settlement during the construction of the shield tunnel, and its structure is simple, the construction is convenient, and the floating control effect is good. It can be widely used in tunnel construction and has a good development prospect.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of a sleeve and a supporting member in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a support member in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a support member in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of an end cap in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an end cap in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the first sealing ring in the embodiment of the present invention;

7 is a schematic structural view of a second sealing ring in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the support structure on the shield segment in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is an overall schematic diagram of the working state of the supporting member in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the position of the reserved mounting holes of the shield segment in the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the support member in the embodiment of the present invention;

In all drawings, the same reference numerals represent the same technical features, specifically:

1. Shield segment; 11. Installation hole; 2. Sleeve; 3. Support member; 31. Support part; 311. Through hole; 32. Connecting section; 321. First hole; 322. Through hole; 323. Second hole; 4. End cap; 5. First seal; 6. Second seal; 7. Formation; 8. Unsolidified slurry.

Detailed ways

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not constitute a conflict with each other.

In describing the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", " Back", "Left", "Right", "Vertical", "Horizontal", "Top", "Bottom", "Inner", "Outer", "Clockwise", "Counterclockwise", "Axial" , "radial", "circumferential" and other indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying the referred device or Elements must have certain orientations, be constructed and operate in certain orientations, and therefore should not be construed as limitations on the invention.

In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; it may be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it may be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components, unless otherwise specified limit. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature may be in direct contact with the first feature or the first and second feature may be in direct contact with the second feature through an intermediary. touch. Moreover, "above", "above" and "above" the first feature on the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. "Below", "beneath" and "beneath" the first feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less horizontally than the second feature.

Example:

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 7 , the supporting structure in the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a sleeve 2 , a supporting member 3 and an end cap 4 . Among them, the sleeve 2 is provided with a through hole through both ends to provide space for the embedded installation of the support member 3; the support member 3 is detachably connected to the sleeve 2 and can reciprocate along the sleeve 2; the end cap 4 is connected Set at one end of the support member 3.

Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 , the support member 3 in the preferred embodiment is disposed in the sleeve 2, and includes a support portion 31 and a connecting section 32 connected in sequence, preferably integrally connected. Wherein, the supporting portion 31 is arranged at one end of the supporting member 3 , and one end thereof forms a supporting surface for abutting against and supporting the component to be supported.

Specifically, the supporting part 31 in the preferred embodiment is embedded in the through hole of the sleeve 2, and can extend out of the sleeve 2 to support the component to be supported. In order to ensure the reliability of the supporting part 31 supporting the component to be supported, the preferred supporting part 31 is a wing plate structure, and its cross-sectional area is larger than that of the connecting section 32, so as to improve the contact area between the supporting part 31 and the component to be supported, Improve the supporting effect of the supporting structure; more preferably, the thickness of the wing plate structure is gradually reduced outward along the connecting edge with the connecting section 32, while ensuring that the supporting part 31 provides sufficient supporting force, the material can be effectively used, Save materials.

At the same time, preferably at least one through hole 311 is provided on the wing plate structure, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the preferred embodiment, four through holes 311 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction on the support part 31 for supporting When the member 3 moves upwards under the liquid environment, the resistance of the liquid to the supporting member 3 is reduced.

In actual setting, an embedding groove can be provided at the end of the sleeve 2 corresponding to the wing plate structure, and preferably the thickness of the embedding groove is not less than the thickness of the wing plate, so that the wing plate can be correspondingly accommodated in the embedding groove and It does not protrude from the end of the sleeve 2, so that it does not affect the installation and construction of other components in actual application.

Correspondingly, the connecting section 32 is connected to the side of the supporting part 31 away from the supporting surface, and is detachably connected to the sleeve 2, so that it can drive the supporting member 3 to reciprocate in the through hole of the sleeve 2, so that the supporting part The relative position between 31 and the sleeve 2 is adjusted through the reciprocating movement of the connecting section 32 in the through hole of the sleeve 2, so as to realize the support and release of the support structure for the component to be supported.

Preferably, the connection section 32 is connected to the sleeve 2 through threads, and the support member 3 can move up and down along the sleeve 2 by screwing the connection section 32 . Further preferably, the upper part of the connecting section 32 is provided with threads, and the side of the connecting section 32 facing away from the support part 31 is set as a threaded connection with the sleeve 2, and the end of the connecting section 32 close to the supporting part 31 is connected to the sleeve 2 The sliding gap between them is set to match, so that after the support member 3 moves to abut against the part to be supported, the thread on the connecting section 32 is always in the through hole of the sleeve 2, preventing the thread from being exposed to the liquid environment, which in turn causes the liquid to enter the sleeve. The gap between the cylinder 2 and the connecting section 32 affects the smooth progress of the reciprocating movement of the supporting structure.

Further, a blind hole is opened in the connection section 32, which extends from the end of the support member 3 away from the support part 31 to the end of the connection section 32 close to the support part 31, and on the outer peripheral wall surface of the end of the connection section 32 close to the support part 31 At least one through hole 322 communicating with the blind hole is provided, so that the combination of the blind hole and the blind hole forms a grouting channel, and grouting or water injection can be performed through the supporting structure.

Preferably, the blind hole in the connecting section 32 is set as a stepped hole, and the cross-sectional area of the stepped hole connected to the through hole 322 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the remaining parts, so that when the grouting hole is used for grouting, the grout can The flow out from the through hole 322 is relatively gentle, preventing blockage at the through hole 322 and ensuring the smooth progress of the grouting process. The stepped hole in the preferred embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 3 includes a first hole 321 and a second hole 323, and communicates with the through hole 322 through the first hole 321, and the cross-sectional area of the first hole 321 is larger than the first hole 321. The cross-sectional area of the second hole 323 .

In actual setting, it is preferable to set the cross-section of the second hole 323 as a regular hexagon, so that the connection section 32 can be screwed by a hexagonal wrench, thereby controlling the rise or fall of the support member 3 . Of course, other shapes can also be set to match the corresponding wrench to control the movement of the support member 3 .

Further, the end cap 4 in the preferred embodiment is arranged at the end of the connecting section 32 away from the supporting part 31, and it is set as a detachable connection with the end of the connecting section 32, which is used for opening the blind hole end of the connecting section 32. close. Preferably, the end cap 4 and the connecting section 32 are connected by threads, so that the end cap 4 can be repeatedly disassembled during construction.

Preferably, a first sealing member 5 is provided between the end cap 4 and the connecting section 32 for further sealing the end of the blind hole of the connecting section 32; The inner bottom of the end cap 4 is provided with a groove, and the first sealing member 5 is placed in the groove. At the same time, a second sealing member 6 is provided between the corresponding end cap 4 and the sleeve 2, so that after the end cap 4 is connected with the connecting section 32, the space between the end cap 4 and the sleeve 2 can be sealed to prevent slurry from coming out of the sleeve. The gap between the barrel 2 and the connection section 32 flows out of the sleeve 2 . In actual setting, the sealing member can be a sealing ring made of elastic material such as rubber, which can seal the gap between the devices by compression and tightening, or it can be a water-swelling water-stop ring, which can seal the gap between the devices by expanding when it encounters water. The gap is sealed.

At the same time, in order to further optimize the installation space of the support structure, it is preferable to set the through hole of the sleeve 2 as a stepped hole, and at the same time, the diameter of the through hole at the end of the sleeve 2 away from the embedding groove is larger than the diameter of the through hole at the other end, and larger than the end cap. 4, the end cap 4 is embedded in the sleeve 2 after being connected to the end of the connecting section 32, so that it does not affect the installation and construction of other components in practical application.

Further, in a specific preferred embodiment, the sleeve 2 is embedded on the shield segment 1 and connected to both sides of the shield segment 1 to form a support structure as shown in FIG. Shield segment structure, the support member 3 can move upward along the sleeve 2 to abut against the formation 7, as shown in Figure 9, to provide downward support for the shield segment 1, used to control the Sheet 1 floats after installation. Simultaneously, when the stratum is a soil stratum, the setting form of the wing plate structure of the support part 31 can not only increase the contact area between the support surface and the soil layer, thereby increasing the support force, but also reduce the stress concentration, which can effectively reduce the impact of the support device. The displacement of the buried layer, thereby reducing the floating amount of the shield segments.

Specifically, in the preferred embodiment, an installation hole 11 matching the sleeve 2 is reserved on the shield segment 1, as shown in Figure 10, the sleeve 2 is fixedly installed in the installation hole 11, and the support The portion 31 is arranged at one end of the shield segment 1 opposite to the outer side of the shield segment 1 , and preferably, the two ends of the sleeve 2 do not exceed the two sides of the shield segment 1 . Preferably, the sleeve 2 is a steel structure prefabricated and installed in the shield segment 1 , forming an integral structure with the shield segment 1 .

In addition, in order to ensure the reliability of the connection between the sleeve 2 and the shield segment 1, the outer circumference of the sleeve 2 is preferably set in the form of a stepped shaft to prevent loosening and falling off of the sleeve 2 and the shield segment 1 after they are matched and installed. At the same time, in order to ensure the reliability of the installation operation of the shield segment 1, it is preferable to set the support surface of the support part 31 as an arc surface with the same curvature as the outer surface of the shield segment 1, so as to ensure the smoothness of the outer surface of the shield segment 1.

During actual construction, unsolidified grout 8 is provided in the over-excavation gap between the shield segment 1 and the formation 7. In order to realize the re-grouting of the over-excavation gap after the shield segment 1 is installed, the support part 31 is preferably The thickness is smaller than the thickness of the over-excavation gap, so that the through hole 322 can protrude from the sleeve 2 when the support part 31 supports the inner wall of the formation, and extend into the over-excavation gap, and is used to pass the grouting channel from the inside of the shield segment 1 to the Grouting in the over-excavation gap fills and further reinforces the over-excavation gap to reduce the floating of the shield segment 1 and reduce the impact of the ground subsidence on the shield segment 1. At the same time, in a preferred embodiment, two opposite through holes 322 are provided on the side wall of the connecting section 32 to increase the grouting speed.

In actual setting, according to the buoyancy resistance value required by the actual design, at least one support structure can be arranged on each ring shield segment 1 in the shield tunneling direction. Of course, every other ring or multiple rings of the shield can also At least one support structure is arranged on the segment 1, and its specific arrangement and quantity can be determined according to actual needs. In the preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 11, three rows are arranged at intervals in the upper half of each shield segment 1, and two support structures are arranged at intervals in each row.

Further, for the supporting structure used to control the floating of the shield segment and the subsidence of the ground surface in the preferred embodiment, the construction method preferably includes the following process:

(1) Determine the number and location of supporting structures according to the designed buoyancy resistance value.

(2) Prefabricate the support member 3, end cap 4, sleeve 2 and shield segment 1, and install the sleeve 2 on the shield segment 1, specifically including the following steps:

(2.1) Prefabricated support members 3;

(2.2) Prefabricate matching sleeve 2 and end cap 4 according to the size of prefabricated support member 3;

(2.3) Place the prefabricated sleeve 2 in the shield segment 1 being prefabricated according to the layout position, so that it forms an integral structure with the shield segment 1.

(3) Install the support member 3 on the sleeve 2 .

When the support member 3 is installed on the shield segment 1, it is preferable to screw the support member 3 until its upper end face is flush with the upper end face of the shield segment 1 or lower than the upper end face of the shield segment 1, so as to Ensure the smoothness of the outer surface of the shield segment 1.

(4) Assemble the shield segment 1 in the construction tunnel, and simultaneously inject grout into the over-excavation gap.

(5) Rotate and raise the support member 3, and press the upper end surface of the support member 3 against the inner wall of the formation 7.

(6) According to the construction requirements, use the support member 3 to inject grout from the inner side of the shield segment 1 into the over-excavation gap. After the grouting is completed, install the end cap 4 to complete the construction of the shield segment 1.

During actual construction, the grout may be quick-setting grout, so that it solidifies rapidly around the supporting member 3 in the over-excavation gap after injection to form a solid structure, further enhancing the supporting effect of the supporting structure on the shield segment 1; it may also be combined with The grout for synchronous grouting during installation of the shield segment 1 is the same to fill and reinforce the over-excavation gap.

When the surface subsidence occurs under the shield segment 1, it will cause the increase of the overbreak gap, the end cap 4 can be removed, the grouting channel can be cleaned, and grouting can be performed again, and the end cap 4 can be installed after the grouting is completed to complete the Further filling of over-excavation gaps.

When the surface subsidence occurs under the shield segment 1, remove the end cap 4, clean the grouting channel, and grout again. After the grouting is completed, install the end cap until the control of the floating of the shield segment 1 and surface subsidence is completed. .

The support structure of the present invention and the shield segment structure including it and its construction method, while reducing the floating amount of the shield segment through the support member, can also realize the re-grouting of the over-excavation space, effectively reducing the During the tunnel construction process, the uplift and surface subsidence of the shield segment, and its simple structure, convenient construction, good uplift control effect, can be widely used in tunnel construction, and has a good development prospect.

It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, All should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A support structure, characterized in that it comprises a sleeve, a support member and an end cap; The sleeve is provided with a through hole through both ends, which is used for embedding and connecting of the support member; The support member includes a support portion and a connection section arranged on the side of the support portion away from the support surface; the connection section is detachably connected to the sleeve, and makes the relative relationship between the support portion and the sleeve the position is adjustable by reciprocating movement of the connecting section within the through hole; and A blind hole is opened in the connecting section, and the blind hole extends from the end of the supporting member away from the supporting part to the end of the connecting section close to the supporting part; There is at least one through hole communicating with the blind hole; The end cap is arranged corresponding to the end of the connecting section away from the support part, and is detachably connected to the end of the connecting section, and is used for opening and closing the end of the blind hole. 2. The supporting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, the connection between the connecting section and the sleeve and/or between the end cap and the connecting section are connected by threads. 3. The support structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, the end of the connection section away from the support part is screwed to the sleeve, and the end of the connection section close to the support part is connected to the sleeve The cylinder sliding clearance matches. 4 . The support structure according to claim 1 , wherein the blind hole is a stepped hole, and the cross-sectional area of the stepped hole connected to the through hole is larger than the cross-sectional area of other parts. 5 . The supporting structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the supporting part is a wing plate structure with a cross-sectional area larger than that of the connecting section. 6 . 6. The supporting structure according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one through hole is provided on the supporting part; and / or An embedding groove is provided at the end of the sleeve corresponding to the wing plate, so that the wing plate can be correspondingly accommodated in the embedding groove and does not protrude from the end of the sleeve. 7. The support structure according to any one of claims 1-4, 6, characterized in that a seal is provided between the connecting section and the end cap for sealing after the two are connected; and / or Corresponding to the end cap, a seal is provided for sealing between the end cap and the sleeve after the end cap is connected and installed. 8. A shield segment structure, comprising a shield segment, characterized in that, the shield segment is provided with at least one support structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7; The sleeve is embedded on the shield segment and communicates with the inner and outer sides of the shield segment; The thickness of the support part is smaller than the thickness of the overbreak gap, so that the through hole can protrude out of the sleeve when the support part supports the inner wall of the formation. 9. A construction method of a shield segment structure, used for the construction of the shield segment according to claim 8, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: (1) Determine the number and location of supporting structures according to the designed buoyancy resistance value; (2) Prefabricate support members, end caps, sleeves and shield segments, and install the sleeves on the shield segments; (3) Install the supporting member on the sleeve; (4) Assemble the shield segment in the construction tunnel, and simultaneously inject grout into the over-excavation gap; (5) Rotate and raise the support member, and press the upper end surface of the support member against the inner wall of the formation; (6) Use the support member to inject grout from the inner side of the shield segment into the over-excavation gap. After the grouting is completed, install the end cap to complete the construction of the shield segment structure. 10. The construction method of the shield segment structure according to claim 9, characterized in that the step (6) also includes the following steps: Inject the quick-setting slurry into the over-excavation gap through the channel, and solidify in the over-excavation gap to form a solid structure; and / or When the ground subsidence occurs under the shield segment, the following steps are also included: (7) Remove the end cap, clean the grouting channel, perform grouting again, and install the end cap after the grouting is completed to complete the filling of the overcut gap.

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