CN115628032B - Experimental device and method for multi-layer leakage simulation of fractured stratum under directional well gas invasion condition - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for multi-layer leakage simulation of fractured stratum under directional well gas invasion condition Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
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- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 32
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 32
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 241000758789 Juglans Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/08—Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental device for multi-layer leakage simulation of a fractured stratum under a directional well gas invasion condition, which comprises a directional well leakage system, a fracture simulation system and a data acquisition system; the directional well leakage system comprises a high-temperature high-pressure directional well drilling fluid simulation device and a leakage simulation module; the crack simulation system is a crack simulation device and a gas invasion simulation module; the data acquisition system is used for acquiring the internal temperature of the directional well leakage system, the gas invasion flow rate of the fracture simulation system and the pressure value of the fracture simulation system. The raw materials and related testing equipment used in the invention are simple and easy to obtain, and the related cost of building the experimental device is greatly reduced; the structural characteristics of actual deep stratum crack development are fully considered, so that experimental test results are more attached to actual conditions and have pertinence.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of deep fractured reservoir exploration and development, in particular to an experimental device and method for multi-layer leakage simulation of fractured strata under a directional well gas invasion condition.
Background
Petroleum and natural gas resources are important fossil energy resources and strategic resources for guaranteeing peace and happiness industry of people, stable and ordered society and long-lasting national security. With the rapid development of world economy, production and construction, the demand for petroleum and natural gas resources for humans and society has increased dramatically. Therefore, further increasing the utilization rate of deep sea, deep and ultra-deep oil and gas resources is an important strategic measure for solving the problem of insufficient energy supply in the social development process under the large background that the current traditional fossil energy is still used as main supply energy to ensure the stable operation of society. In the process of drilling a fractured stratum, a gas invasion phenomenon is often accompanied, high-temperature high-pressure gas in deep stratum cracks invades a shaft, a large amount of drilling fluid leaks into the cracks, multi-section stratum leakage and gas invasion are triggered to occur under complex working conditions, namely, the condition that the stratum gas invades the shaft and working fluid in the shaft leaks into the stratum is caused, serious reservoir damage is caused, and incapacitating loss is caused to personnel safety, surrounding environment and economic efficiency of a drilling operation site, so that safe drilling and efficient development of fractured reservoir are hindered.
From published literature data, most of the current technical theories for analyzing and solving the simultaneous existence complex problem of spraying and leakage are through computer simulation, a well bore gas invasion model is established based on a gas-liquid two-phase flow theory, and gas-liquid two-phase displacement is analyzed. Some students have also studied the problem of gas-liquid displacement in real cracks by a physical experiment method, but the core of the study only carries out qualitative and quantitative analysis on the evolution characteristics of the leakage of the vertical well drilling fluid in the cracks under the condition of gas invasion. Therefore, from the current research situation, the research on the gas-liquid displacement phenomenon in the process of leakage and gas invasion coexistence is less, and the research on the indoor experimental simulation quantification of the complicated problem of spraying leakage of different well types and multiple sections of stratum is lacking.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of quantification of indoor experimental simulation of the multi-section stratum injection leakage coexistence complex problem of a directional well, and provides an experimental device and a method for multi-layer leakage simulation of a fractured stratum under the gas invasion condition of the directional well, wherein the used raw materials and related test equipment are simple and convenient and are easy to obtain, and the cost of the related cost of the experimental device is greatly reduced; the structural characteristics of actual deep stratum crack development are fully considered, so that experimental test results are more attached to actual conditions and have pertinence.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
An experimental device for multi-layer leakage simulation of a fractured stratum under a directional well gas invasion condition comprises a directional well leakage system, a fracture simulation system and a data acquisition system;
The directional well leakage system comprises a high-temperature high-pressure directional well drilling fluid simulation device and a leakage simulation module;
The crack simulation system is a crack simulation device and a gas invasion simulation module;
The data acquisition system is used for acquiring the internal temperature of the directional well leakage system, the gas invasion flow rate of the fracture simulation system and the pressure value of the fracture simulation system.
Preferably, the high-temperature high-pressure directional well drilling fluid simulation device comprises a high-temperature high-pressure kettle body and an external flexible heating sleeve; the upper part of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body is connected with the piston pressurizing device, and the right end of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body is connected with the crack simulating device; the external flexible heating sleeve is arranged outside the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body.
Preferably, the leakage simulation module comprises a piston pressurizing device, a drill string simulation device, a drilling fluid input module and a drilling fluid return leakage module; the piston pressurizing device is arranged at the upper part of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body; the drill string simulation device is connected with the piston pressurizing device and is arranged in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body; the drilling fluid input module is sequentially connected with the piston pressurizing device and the drill string simulation device; the drilling fluid return leakage module is sequentially connected with the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body, the piston pressurizing device and the overflow valve.
Preferably, the fracture simulation device comprises a long fracture core holder and a wedge-shaped long fracture model; the long-crack core holder holds the wedge-shaped long-crack model and the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body.
Preferably, the gas intrusion simulation module comprises a nitrogen cylinder, a two-stage pressure regulating valve and a reverse air pressure valve which are communicated sequentially through a hose and a steel pipe; the reverse air pressure valve is arranged at the tail part of the crack simulation device, the crack simulation device is connected with the instantaneous flowmeter, and the nitrogen cylinder is connected with the two-stage pressure regulating valve and is arranged at the tail part of the precise pressure gauge.
Preferably, the long-split core holder comprises a long-split core holder with an inclination angle of 0 °, a long-split core holder with an inclination angle of 45 °, and a long-split core holder with an inclination angle of 90 °.
Preferably, the wedge-shaped long crack model comprises a wedge-shaped long crack model with a 1mm gap, a wedge-shaped long crack model with a 3mm gap and a wedge-shaped long crack model with a 5mm gap.
Preferably, the data acquisition system comprises an internal temperature sensor, an instantaneous flowmeter and a precision pressure gauge; the internal temperature sensor is arranged in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body and used for measuring the internal experimental temperature of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body; the instantaneous flowmeter is connected with the precise pressure gauge and then is arranged behind a reverse air pressure valve at the tail part of the crack simulation device to measure the air invasion flow rate and the pressure value; the overflow valve is connected with the drilling fluid return leakage module and is arranged at the upper part of the piston pressurizing device.
The method for carrying out experimental tests on the leakage law of the drilling fluid in the fractured stratum under the gas invasion condition by using the experimental device comprises the following steps:
Firstly, preparing bentonite-based slurry for experiments according to drilling fluid used for on-site drilling (based on the actual drilling fluid, adding walnut shells, mica sheets, calcite particles, superfine calcium carbonate, polypropylene cellulose, shell powder and the like, adding plugging materials, stirring by a high-speed stirrer, and filling into a high-temperature high-pressure kettle body;
Step two, rotating the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body according to the requirement of the directional well, adjusting the included angle between the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body and the horizontal direction, simulating the well oblique angle of the directional well, selecting wedge-shaped long crack models with different slit widths according to the experimental requirement, and clamping by using a long crack core holder to ensure that the wedge-shaped long crack models are fixedly connected to the right end of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle, and keeping the crack opening of the wedge-shaped long crack models close to the tank end large;
Starting a piston pressurizing device, slowly pressurizing (the pressurizing speed is 0.05 MPa/s) until the on-site drilling fluid injection pressure is reached, starting an external flexible heating sleeve on the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body, slowly heating (the heating speed is 1 ℃/s) to simulate a high-temperature environment, and measuring the experimental temperature in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body in real time by using an internal temperature sensor until the pressure and the temperature of the drilling fluid in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body are basically consistent with those of the drilling fluid in the well;
continuously starting a piston pressurizing device to slowly pressurize, keeping a reverse air pressure valve in a closed state until drilling fluid in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body is quickly leaked into a crack simulation model and a certain plugging layer is formed (the thickness of the plugging layer is 10 cm), stopping pressurizing, and preparing to develop experimental tests of leakage simulation under the condition of different crack width air invasion;
Step five, the piston pressurizing device keeps the forward pressure unchanged, the positive pressure difference of drilling fluid is controlled to be 0.5 MPa, a nitrogen cylinder arranged at the initial end of the gas invasion simulation module and a secondary guarantee control valve arranged at the tail end of the precise pressure gauge are gradually opened, and the leakage simulation experiment test of the stratum with different slit widths is started;
step six, slowly opening a reverse air pressure valve arranged at the tail part of the crack simulation device to enable air to circulate in the crack simulation system to form an air invasion channel;
Step seven, recording the gas invasion flow velocity and pressure value when the transient pressure and transient flow data transmitted by the transient flowmeter and the precise pressure gauge are basically stable and the gas invasion pressure difference is controlled to be 1 MPa;
step eight, closing the piston pressurizing device after the simulated experiment of the leakage of the stratum with different slit widths is finished, taking out the wedge-shaped long slit model for photographing, and observing the leakage condition in the wedge-shaped long slit model;
Step nine, replacing wedge-shaped long crack models with different slit widths, and repeating the steps one to eight;
Step ten, after the experimental test of the leakage simulation of the fracture-type stratum with different seam widths is finished, changing experimental test variables into a crack inclination angle, setting the seam width of a wedge-shaped long crack model to be 2 mm in the experiment, setting the positive pressure difference of drilling fluid to be 0.5 MPa and the gas invasion pressure difference to be 0.5 MPa, and repeating the step one to the step nine to finish the experimental test of the leakage simulation under the gas invasion conditions with different inclination angles;
Step eleven, after the test of the leakage simulation experiment under the gas invasion conditions with different dip angles is finished, continuously changing experimental test variables into drilling fluid positive pressure differences, wherein the preset drilling fluid positive pressure differences are 1, 2 and 3MPa respectively, setting the seam width of a wedge-shaped long crack model to be 2 mm in the experiment, setting the dip angle of the crack to be 90 degrees, setting the gas invasion pressure difference to be 0.5 MPa, and repeating the steps one to ten to finish the test of the leakage simulation experiment under the gas invasion conditions with different drilling fluid positive pressure differences.
Preferably, in the third step, the maximum injection pressure of the piston pressurizing device in the experimental test process is:
Wherein: Indicating the maximum injection pressure set by the piston pressurizing device,/> ；/>The density of the liquid phase fluid medium used for the experimental test is shown as kg/m 3; /(I)Represents the gravitational acceleration m/s 2; /(I)Representing the vertical height, m, of the directional well simulation device; /(I)The bentonite slurry yield value for experiments is represented by Pa; c 7 represents the compression coefficient of the liquid phase fluid medium used for experimental testing, MPa -1; /(I)Representing the diameter of the well bore in actual conditions, m; /(I)Indicating the diameter of the drill string in practice, m.
Preferably, in the sixth step, the set values of the output pressure of the two-stage pressure regulating valve and the safety pressure of the overflow valve in the experimental test process are:
Wherein: The output pressure Pa of the two-stage pressure regulating valve in the experimental test process is represented; /(I) Indicating the number Pa of a precise pressure gauge at the gas transmission point; /(I)The regulated pressure of the clamping sleeve type one-way valve (namely, the pressure of the reverse air pressure valve is 0.5 MPa) Pa; /(I)The surface tension of the liquid phase fluid medium used in the experimental test is represented by N/m; /(I)The radial distance m from the outlet of the overflow valve to the inner wall surface of the shaft simulation device is represented; /(I)Represents the inner radius of the PU hose, m; /(I)The equivalent density difference set by the experimental test is shown as kg/m 3; /(I)The axial vertical height, m, of the gas phase transfer line to the top of the wellbore simulation apparatus is indicated.
The beneficial effects of this technical scheme are as follows:
1. The experimental device for multi-layer leakage simulation of the fractured stratum under the directional well gas invasion condition provided by the invention has the advantages that the raw materials and the related test equipment used in the construction of the device are relatively simple and easy to obtain, no special processing materials or test equipment are needed, and the cost of the related cost of the construction of the experimental device can be greatly reduced under the premise of not influencing the experimental test result.
2. The experimental device for multi-layer leakage simulation of the fractured stratum under the directional well gas invasion condition provided by the invention is designed to fully consider the structural characteristics of actual deep stratum fracture development, so that the movement characteristics of liquid-phase fluid medium leakage and gas-phase fluid medium invasion are more matched with the actual conditions, and the leakage simulation test under the complex form of multi-fracture leakage and gas invasion can be completed on the same experimental device, so that the experimental test result is more matched with the actual conditions and has more pertinence.
3. The experimental device for multi-layer leakage simulation of the fractured stratum under the directional well gas invasion condition provided by the invention is highly fit with the intrinsic cause of complex working conditions of multi-fracture leakage and gas invasion in principle, namely the pressure evolution test of the experimental device is completed mainly by adjusting the positive pressure difference of drilling fluid, and the air inflow and leakage amount are not regulated and controlled manually at will, so that the experimental test result is more fit with the actual situation.
4. The experimental method for multi-layer leakage simulation of the fractured stratum under the directional well gas invasion condition provided by the invention comprehensively covers the simulation of drilling hydraulic fluid loss and multi-fracture plugging under the directional well gas invasion condition, and multiple groups of experiments can be carried out by adjusting the well inclination angle of the directional well in the simulation, so that the underground leakage condition and the multi-fracture plugging operation working condition of drilling fluid when the fracture is encountered during drilling under the directional well gas invasion condition are obtained, and the experimental test result can be suitable for all stages of drilling hydraulic fluid loss and multi-fracture plugging during drilling operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the whole experimental device of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a high temperature and high pressure directional well drilling fluid simulator according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a crack simulator according to the present invention;
Wherein: 1. a high-temperature high-pressure directional well drilling fluid simulation device; 2. a leakage simulation module; 3. a high-temperature high-pressure kettle body; 4. an external flexible heating jacket; 5. a piston pressurizing device; 6. a drill string simulation device; 7. a drilling fluid input module; 8. drilling fluid leakage return module; 9. a crack simulator; 10. a gas intrusion simulation module; 11. a long fracture core holder; 12. wedge-shaped long crack model; 13. a nitrogen cylinder; 14. two-stage pressure regulating valve; 15. a reverse air pressure valve; 16. a data acquisition system; 17. an internal temperature sensor; 18. a transient flow meter; 19. a precision pressure gauge; 20. and an overflow valve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
It is noted that when an element is referred to as being "mounted," "secured," or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, terms such as left, right, up, and down are merely relative concepts or references to normal use states of the product, and should not be construed as limiting.
1-3, An experimental apparatus for multi-layer leak-off simulation of fractured formations under directional well gas invasion conditions includes a directional well leak-off system, a fracture simulation system, and a data acquisition system 16;
The directional well leakage system comprises a high-temperature high-pressure directional well drilling fluid simulation device 1 and a leakage simulation module 2;
the crack simulation system 16 is a crack simulation device 9 and a gas invasion simulation module 10;
The data acquisition system 16 is used to acquire the internal temperature of the directional well loss system, the gas invasion flow rate of the fracture simulation system, and the pressure value of the fracture simulation system.
The high-temperature high-pressure directional well drilling fluid simulation device 1 comprises a high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3 and an external flexible heating sleeve 4; the upper part of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3 is connected with a piston pressurizing device 5, and the right end of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3 is connected with a crack simulating device 9; the external flexible heating jacket 4 is arranged outside the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3.
The leakage simulation module 2 comprises a piston pressurizing device 5, a drill string simulation device 6, a drilling fluid input module 7 and a drilling fluid return module 8; the piston pressurizing device 5 is arranged at the upper part of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3; the drill string simulation device 6 is connected with the piston pressurizing device 5 and is arranged in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3; the drilling fluid input module 7 is sequentially connected with the piston pressurizing device 5 and the drill string simulation device 6; the drilling fluid leakage return module 8 is connected with the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3, the piston pressurizing device 5 and the overflow valve 20 in sequence.
The fracture simulation device 9 comprises a long fracture core holder 11 and a wedge-shaped long fracture model 12; the long-crack core holder 11 clamps the wedge-shaped long-crack model 12 and the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3.
The gas invasion simulation module 10 comprises a nitrogen cylinder 13, a two-stage pressure regulating valve 14 and a reverse air pressure valve 15 which are communicated with each other sequentially through a hose and a steel pipe; the reverse air pressure valve 15 is arranged at the tail part of the crack simulation device 9, the crack simulation device 9 is connected with the instantaneous flowmeter 18, and the nitrogen cylinder 13 is connected with the two-stage pressure regulating valve 14 and is arranged at the tail part of the precise pressure gauge 19.
The long-fracture core holders 11 comprise a long-fracture core holder 11 with an inclination angle of 0 degrees, a long-fracture core holder 11 with an inclination angle of 45 degrees and a long-fracture core holder 11 with an inclination angle of 90 degrees.
Wherein the wedge-shaped long slit pattern 12 includes a wedge-shaped long slit pattern 12 of a 1mm slit, a wedge-shaped long slit pattern 12 of a 3mm slit, and a wedge-shaped long slit pattern 12 of a 5mm slit.
Wherein the data acquisition system 16 comprises an internal temperature sensor 17, an instantaneous flowmeter 18 and a precision pressure gauge 19; the internal temperature sensor 17 is arranged in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3 and is used for measuring the experimental temperature in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3; the instantaneous flowmeter 18 is connected with the precise pressure gauge 19 and then is arranged behind the reverse air pressure valve 15 at the tail part of the crack simulation device 9 to measure the air invasion flow rate and the pressure value; the overflow valve 20 is connected with the drilling fluid return leakage module 8 and is arranged at the upper part of the piston pressurizing device 5.
The method for carrying out experimental tests on the leakage law of the drilling fluid in the fractured stratum under the gas invasion condition by using the experimental device comprises the following steps:
A. Preparation before experimental test:
Firstly, preparing bentonite-based slurry for experiments according to drilling fluid used for on-site drilling (based on the well slurry, adding walnut shells, mica sheets, calcite particles, superfine calcium carbonate, polypropylene cellulose, shell powder and the like, adding plugging materials, stirring by a high-speed stirrer, and filling into a high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3;
Step two, rotating the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3 according to the requirements of a directional well, adjusting the included angle between the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3 and the horizontal direction to realize the positioning of 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees, simulating the well oblique angle of the directional well, selecting wedge-shaped long crack models 12 with different slit widths according to the experimental requirements, clamping by using a long crack core holder 11, enabling the wedge-shaped long crack models to be fixedly connected to the right end of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle, keeping the crack opening of the wedge-shaped long crack models 12 close to the tank end large, and respectively presetting the slit widths of the wedge-shaped long crack models 12 to be 1mm, 3mm and 5mm;
starting a piston pressurizing device 5, slowly pressurizing (the pressurizing speed is 0.05 MPa/s) until the on-site drilling fluid injection pressure is reached, starting an external flexible heating sleeve 4 on the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3, slowly heating (the heating speed is 1 ℃/s) to simulate a high-temperature environment, and measuring the experimental temperature inside the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3 in real time by using an internal temperature sensor 17 until the pressure and the temperature of the drilling fluid inside the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3 are basically consistent with those of the drilling fluid in the well;
B. And carrying out leakage simulation tests under different crack width gas invasion conditions:
Step four, continuously starting the piston pressurizing device 5 to slowly pressurize, keeping the reverse air pressure valve 15 (the pressure of the reverse air pressure valve 15 is set to be 0.5 MPa) in a closed state until the drilling fluid in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3 is rapidly leaked into the crack simulating device 9 and forms a certain plugging layer (the thickness of the plugging layer is 10 cm), stopping pressurizing, and preparing to develop experimental tests of leakage simulation under different crack width air invasion conditions;
Step five, the piston pressurizing device 5 keeps the forward pressure unchanged, the positive pressure difference of drilling fluid is controlled to be 0.5 MPa, a nitrogen cylinder 13 arranged at the initial end of the gas invasion simulation module 10 and a two-stage pressure regulating valve 14 arranged at the tail end of the precise pressure gauge 19 are gradually opened, and the leakage simulation experiment test of the crack-shaped stratum with different seam widths is started;
step six, slowly opening a reverse air pressure valve 15 (the pressure of the reverse air pressure valve 15 is set to be 0.5 MPa) arranged at the tail part of the crack simulation device 9, so that air flows in a crack simulation system to form an air invasion channel;
Step seven, when the transient pressure and transient flow data transmitted by the transient flowmeter 18 and the precise pressure gauge 19 are basically stable and the control gas intrusion differential pressure is 1 MPa, recording the gas intrusion flow velocity and pressure value;
step eight, closing the piston pressurizing device 5 after the simulated experiment of the leakage of the fracture-shaped stratum with different widths is finished, taking out the wedge-shaped long fracture model 12 for photographing, and observing the leakage condition in the wedge-shaped long fracture model 12;
step nine, replacing wedge-shaped long crack models 12 with different slit widths, and repeating the steps one to eight;
C. the following set of experiments were performed with the experimental variables changed:
Step ten, after the completion of the experimental test of the leakage simulation of the fracture-type stratum with different seam widths, changing experimental test variables into fracture dip angles, wherein the preset fracture dip angles are respectively 0 degree, 45 degrees and 90 degrees, setting the seam width of the wedge-shaped long fracture model 12 to be 2 mm in the experiment, setting the positive pressure difference of drilling fluid to be 0.5 MPa and the gas invasion pressure difference to be 0.5 MPa, and repeating the steps one to nine to complete the experimental test of the leakage simulation under the gas invasion conditions with different dip angles;
Step eleven, after the test of the leakage simulation experiment under the gas invasion conditions with different dip angles is completed, continuously changing experimental test variables into drilling fluid positive pressure differences, wherein the preset drilling fluid positive pressure differences are respectively 1,2 and 3 MPa, setting the slit width of the wedge-shaped long slit model 12 to be 2 mm in the experiment, setting the dip angle of the slit to be 90 degrees, and repeating the steps one to ten to complete the test of the leakage simulation experiment under the gas invasion conditions with different drilling fluid positive pressure differences.
In the third step, the maximum injection pressure of the piston pressurizing device 5 in the experimental test process is:
Wherein: indicates the maximum injection pressure set by the piston pressurizing device 5,/> ；/>The density of the liquid phase fluid medium used for the experimental test is shown as kg/m 3; /(I)Represents the gravitational acceleration m/s 2; /(I)Representing the vertical height, m, of the directional well simulation device; /(I)The bentonite slurry yield value for experiments is represented by Pa; c 7 represents the compression coefficient of the liquid phase fluid medium used for experimental testing, MPa -1; /(I)Representing the diameter of the well bore in actual conditions, m; /(I)Indicating the diameter of the drill string in practice, m.
In the sixth step, the set values of the output pressure of the two-stage pressure regulating valve 14 and the safety pressure of the relief valve 20 in the experimental test process are:
Wherein: The output pressure Pa of the two-stage pressure regulating valve 14 in the experimental test process; /(I) Indicating the number Pa of a precise pressure gauge at the gas transmission point; /(I)The regulated pressure of the clamping sleeve type one-way valve (namely, the pressure of the reverse air pressure valve is 0.5 MPa) Pa; /(I)The surface tension of the liquid phase fluid medium used in the experimental test is represented by N/m; /(I)A radial distance m from the outlet of the overflow valve 20 to the inner wall surface of the wellbore simulation apparatus; /(I)Represents the inner radius of the PU hose, m; /(I)The equivalent density difference set by the experimental test is shown as kg/m 3; /(I)The axial vertical height, m, of the gas phase transfer line to the top of the wellbore simulation apparatus is indicated.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent variation, etc. of the above embodiment according to the technical matter of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An experimental device for multi-layer leakage simulation of fractured stratum under directional well gas invasion condition is characterized in that: comprises a directional well leakage system, a crack simulation system and a data acquisition system (16);
the directional well leakage system comprises a high-temperature high-pressure directional well drilling fluid simulation device (1) and a leakage simulation module (2);
the crack simulation system comprises a crack simulation device (9) and a gas invasion simulation module (10);
The data acquisition system (16) is used for acquiring the internal temperature of the directional well leakage system, the gas invasion flow rate of the fracture simulation system and the pressure value of the fracture simulation system;
The high-temperature high-pressure directional well drilling fluid simulation device (1) comprises a high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3) and an external flexible heating sleeve (4); the right end of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3) is connected with a crack simulation device (9); the external flexible heating sleeve (4) is arranged outside the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3);
The leakage simulation module (2) comprises a piston pressurizing device (5), a drill string simulation device (6), a drilling fluid input module (7) and a drilling fluid return module (8); the piston pressurizing device (5) is arranged at the upper part of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3); the drill string simulation device (6) is connected with the piston pressurizing device (5) and is arranged in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3); the drilling fluid input module (7) is sequentially connected with the piston pressurizing device (5) and the drill string simulation device (6); the drilling fluid leakage module (8) is sequentially connected with the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3), the piston pressurizing device (5) and the overflow valve (20);
The crack simulation device (9) comprises a long crack core holder (11) and a wedge-shaped long crack model (12); the long-crack core holder (11) is used for holding the wedge-shaped long-crack model (12) and is connected with the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3);
The gas invasion simulation module (10) comprises a nitrogen cylinder (13), a two-stage pressure regulating valve (14) and a reverse air pressure valve (15) which are communicated with each other sequentially through a hose and a steel pipe; the reverse air pressure valve (15) is arranged at the tail part of the crack simulation device (9), the crack simulation device (9) is connected with the instantaneous flowmeter (18), and the nitrogen cylinder (13) is connected with the two-stage pressure regulating valve (14) and is arranged at the tail part of the precise pressure gauge (19);
The long-fracture core holder (11) comprises a long-fracture core holder (11) with an inclination angle of 0 DEG, a long-fracture core holder (11) with an inclination angle of 45 DEG and a long-fracture core holder (11) with an inclination angle of 90 DEG; the wedge-shaped long crack model (12) comprises a wedge-shaped long crack model (12) with a 1mm gap, a wedge-shaped long crack model (12) with a 3mm gap and a wedge-shaped long crack model (12) with a 5mm gap.
2. An experimental apparatus for multi-layer leak-off simulation of a fractured formation under directional well gas invasion conditions according to claim 1, wherein: the data acquisition system (16) comprises an internal temperature sensor (17), an instantaneous flowmeter (18) and a precision pressure gauge (19); the internal temperature sensor (17) is arranged in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3); the instantaneous flowmeter (18) is connected with the precise pressure gauge (19) and then is arranged behind a reverse air pressure valve (15) at the tail part of the crack simulation device (9); the overflow valve (20) is connected with the drilling fluid return module (8) and is arranged at the upper part of the piston pressurizing device (5).
3. The method for experimental testing of the leakage law of drilling fluid in a fractured stratum under the condition of gas invasion by using the experimental device according to claim 2, comprising the following steps:
step one, preparing bentonite-based slurry for experiments according to drilling fluid used for on-site drilling, adding a plugging material, stirring uniformly by a high-speed stirrer, and filling the slurry into a high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3);
step two, rotating the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3) according to the requirements of a directional well, adjusting the included angle between the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3) and the horizontal direction, simulating the well oblique angle of the directional well, selecting wedge-shaped long crack models (12) with different slit widths according to the experimental requirements, and clamping by using a long crack core holder (11) to enable the wedge-shaped long crack models to be fixedly connected to the right end of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3), and keeping the crack opening of the wedge-shaped long crack models (12) close to the tank end large;
Starting a piston pressurizing device (5), slowly pressurizing until the on-site drilling fluid injection pressure is reached, starting an external flexible heating sleeve (4) on the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3), slowly heating to simulate a high-temperature environment, and measuring the internal experimental temperature of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3) in real time by using an internal temperature sensor (17) until the pressure and the temperature of the drilling fluid in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3) are basically consistent with those of the drilling fluid in the well;
Step four, continuously starting the piston pressurizing device (5) to slowly pressurize, and keeping the reverse air pressure valve (15) in a closed state until the drilling fluid in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3) is quickly leaked into the crack simulating device (9) and forms a certain plugging layer, stopping pressurizing, and preparing to develop experimental tests of leakage simulation under the air invasion conditions with different crack widths;
Step five, the piston pressurizing device (5) keeps the forward pressure unchanged, the positive pressure difference of drilling fluid is controlled to be 0.5 MPa, a nitrogen cylinder (13) arranged at the initial end of the gas invasion simulation module (10) and a two-stage pressure regulating valve (14) arranged at the tail end of the precise pressure gauge (19) are gradually opened, and the leakage simulation experiment test of the stratum with different slit widths is started;
Step six, slowly opening a reverse air pressure valve (15) arranged at the tail part of the crack simulation device (9) to enable air to circulate in the crack simulation system to form an air invasion channel;
Step seven, the transient pressure and transient flow data transmitted by the transient flowmeter (18) and the precise pressure gauge (19) are basically stable, and when the air invasion pressure difference is controlled to be 1 MPa, the air invasion flow speed and the pressure value are recorded;
Step eight, closing the piston pressurizing device (5) after the simulated experiment of the leakage of the stratum with different slit widths is finished, taking out the wedge-shaped long slit model (12) for photographing, and observing the leakage condition in the wedge-shaped long slit model (12);
step nine, replacing wedge-shaped long crack models (12) with different slit widths, and repeating the steps one to eight;
Step ten, after the completion of the experimental test of the leakage simulation of the fracture-type stratum with different seam widths, changing experimental test variables into fracture dip angles, setting the seam width of a wedge-shaped long fracture model (12) to be 2mm in the experiment, setting the positive pressure difference of drilling fluid to be 0.5 MPa, and setting the gas invasion pressure difference to be 0.5 MPa, and repeating the step one to the step nine to complete the experimental test of the leakage simulation under the gas invasion conditions with different dip angles;
Step eleven, after the test of the leakage simulation experiment under the gas invasion condition of different dip angles is finished, continuously changing experimental test variables into drilling fluid positive pressure differences, wherein the preset drilling fluid positive pressure differences are 1,2 and 3 MPa respectively, setting the slit width of a wedge-shaped long slit model (12) to be 2 mm in the experiment, setting the dip angle of the slit to be 90 degrees, and repeating the step one to the step ten to finish the test of the leakage simulation experiment under the gas invasion condition of different drilling fluid positive pressure differences.
4. A method of experimentally testing the leakage rate of drilling fluid in a fractured formation under gas-invaded conditions as set forth in claim 3, wherein: in the third step, the maximum injection pressure of the piston pressurizing device (5) in the experimental test process is as follows:
Wherein: Indicates the maximum injection pressure set by the piston pressurizing device (5)/> ；/>The density of the liquid phase fluid medium used for the experimental test is shown as kg/m 3; /(I)Represents the gravitational acceleration m/s 2; /(I)Representing the vertical height, m, of the directional well simulation device; /(I)The bentonite slurry yield value for experiments is represented by Pa; /(I)Representing the compression coefficient of the liquid phase fluid medium used in the experimental test, and MPa -1; /(I)Representing the diameter of the well bore in actual conditions, m; /(I)Indicating the diameter of the drill string in practice, m.
5. The method for experimentally testing the leakage law of drilling fluid in a fractured stratum under the gas invasion condition according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the sixth step, the set values of the output pressure of the two-stage pressure regulating valve (14) and the safety pressure of the overflow valve (20) in the experimental test process are as follows:
Wherein: The output pressure Pa of the two-stage pressure regulating valve (14) in the experimental test process is shown; /(I) Indicating the indication number Pa of a precise pressure gauge (19) at the gas transmission point; /(I)The regulated pressure Pa of the clamping sleeve type one-way valve is represented; /(I)The surface tension of the liquid phase fluid medium used in the experimental test is represented by N/m; /(I)A radial distance m from the outlet of the overflow valve (20) to the inner wall surface of the wellbore simulation device; /(I)The inner radius of the PU soft circuit is represented by m; /(I)The equivalent density difference set by the experimental test is shown as kg/m 3; /(I)The axial vertical height, m, of the gas phase transfer line to the top of the wellbore simulation apparatus is indicated.
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