CN115609018A - Metal 3D printing device with simultaneous quality inspection - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a metal 3D printing device for simultaneous quality inspection, including a metal 3D printer body, an X-ray backscatter detection module, and a 3D printer connection frame; the X-ray backscatter detection module is installed directly above the metal 3D printer body, The connecting frame of the 3D printer is connected with the metal 3D printer body, and the scanning direction of the X-ray backscatter detection module is vertically downward; the metal 3D printer body includes a printing and scanning platform, a laser source, a powder spreading device, an X-ray direction printing transmission structure, Y direction printing transmission structure, Z direction printing transmission structure, printing control system, printer frame; the X-ray backscatter detection module includes a backscattering module Point forming components, rear collimator, and detector; the printing control system can control the metal 3D printer body to perform metal 3D printing, and can also send pulse synchronization signals to control the X-ray backscattering detection module to realize the function of synchronous quality inspection. The invention can detect the defects generated in the metal 3D printing process in real time through the cooperation of the metal 3D printer body and the X-ray backscattering detection module. It is a non-contact, fast, efficient, and high-precision online detection method. It has a significant effect on the quality control and process improvement of metal 3D printing technology.

Description

Metal 3D printing device with simultaneous quality inspection

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a metal 3D printing device for simultaneous quality inspection.

Background technique

Additive manufacturing technology, commonly known as 3D printing technology, has significant advantages in complex parts manufacturing, integrated manufacturing, and personalized customization compared with traditional manufacturing methods, and is widely used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, medical and health fields.

The process of metal 3D printing technology is complex and changeable, and there are many factors that affect the printing quality, so it is difficult to avoid printing defects during the printing process. Among the most common defects are hollows and gaps between printed meshes, which seriously affect the overall mechanical properties of the workpiece. For aerospace, automobile manufacturing, medical and health fields with strict quality requirements, quality control is a difficult problem that metal 3D printing technology must solve.

At present, in the field of metal 3D printing, the existing online detection technologies mainly include ultrasonic detection technology and scanning electron microscope technology. However, ultrasonic testing is mainly applied to workpieces with simple structures, and the surface roughness of the workpiece will directly affect the resolution of the detection. Generally, it is required to be less than 6.3 microns. For metal 3D printed workpieces, the surface roughness cannot meet the requirements of ultrasonic testing. In addition, for the scanning electron microscope technology, the depth of the detection workpiece is generally not more than 5 microns, but the grid resolution of metal 3D printing is 20 to 100 microns, so it is difficult for the scanning electron microscope to detect defects such as hollows and gaps between the grids. detected. Therefore, for metal 3D printing technology, it is urgent to develop a non-contact, fast, efficient, and high-precision online detection method.

Contents of the invention

1. Technical problems to be solved

The invention provides a metal 3D printing device for simultaneous quality inspection, which is used to solve the technical problem that the existing detection technology cannot accurately identify defects generated in the metal 3D printing process.

2. Technical solution

The invention provides a metal 3D printing device for simultaneous quality inspection, which includes a metal 3D printer body, an X-ray backscatter detection module, and a 3D printer connection frame.

The metal 3D printer body includes a printing and scanning platform, a laser source, a powder spreading device, an X-direction printing transmission structure, a Y-direction printing transmission structure, a Z-direction printing transmission structure, a printing control system, and a printer frame.

The printing and scanning platform includes a printing substrate and a Y-direction scanning transmission structure; the printing substrate is a metal 3D printed substrate, and powder spreading and printing are performed on the substrate; the Y-direction scanning transmission structure is used to drive The printing substrate moves at a constant speed along the Y direction.

The laser source can generate high-power laser for melting or sintering metal powder; the powder spreading device includes a powder spreading box and a powder spreading box transmission structure, and the powder spreading device is installed above the printing substrate for holding the metal powder and Powder spreading and scraping are performed on the substrate; the X-direction printing transmission structure is used to drive the laser source to move the selected area in the X direction; the Y-direction printing transmission structure is used to drive the laser source to move the selected area in the Y direction; The Z-direction printing transmission structure is used to drive the printing and scanning platform to move up and down in the Z direction to realize layer-changing powder spreading and printing; the printing control system includes a printing control chassis and a printing control display, wherein the printing control chassis is installed on the printer The bottom of the frame is used for the power control of the laser source during the metal 3D printing process, the control of the powder spreading device, the motion control of the printing transmission structure in the X direction, the motion control of the printing transmission structure in the Y direction, the motion control of the printing transmission structure in the Z direction, and the motion control of the Y direction printing transmission structure. The motion control of the direction scanning transmission structure and the synchronous control of the X-ray backscattering detection module; Control System.

The X-ray backscatter detection module includes a backscatter module frame, an X-ray tube support, an X-ray tube, a flying spot forming component, a rear collimator, and a detector.

The X-ray backscatter detection module is installed directly above the metal 3D printer body, connected to the metal 3D printer body through the 3D printer connection frame, and the scanning direction of the X-ray backscatter detection module is vertically downward.

The backscatter module frame is used for overall support and fixing of the X-ray backscatter detection module; the X-ray tube bracket fixes the X-ray tube on the top of the backscatter module frame.

The flying spot forming assembly includes a pre-collimator, a chopper wheel, a servo motor, a servo motor bracket, and a shielding shell.

The pre-collimator is processed by a flange, welded on the shielding shell, and used to connect the X-ray tube; the shielding shell covers the chopper wheel, servo motor, and servo motor bracket inside; the The servo motor drives the chopper wheel vertically downward to rotate, and the servo motor bracket fixes the servo motor inside the shielding shell.

The X-ray tube produces a conical beam that is aligned to the center of the pre-collimator; there is a slit in the center of the pre-collimator, and the beam passes through the pre-collimator and is collimated into a fan-shaped beam, and then Irradiate on the chopper wheel; the servo motor is equipped with an encoder to drive the chopper wheel to rotate at high speed; there are several radially distributed slits on the chopper wheel, and the area outside the slits is made of high atomic number material Shielding is performed to ensure that the part other than the slit of the chopper wheel cannot pass through X-rays. At the same time, there is one and only one slit of the chopper wheel that intersects the fan-shaped beam passing through the pre-collimator. After the fan-shaped beam passes through the chopper wheel It becomes a spot beam and performs one-dimensional high-speed line scanning along the slit direction of the pre-collimator.

There is a slit at the center of the rear collimator aligned with the slit of the pre-collimator for re-collimating the flying spots, and the rear collimator is also used to fix the flying-spot forming components on the Backscatter module frame.

The detector is installed at the bottom of the backscattering module frame, and there is a slit in the center of the detector, which is aligned with the slit of the front collimator and the slit of the rear collimator, so that the spot beam can pass through the detector smoothly. The slit irradiates the object to be inspected, and then the X-ray backscatters and is collected by the detector.

3. Beneficial effects

Compared with prior art, advantage and beneficial effect of the present invention are:

The detection depth of the X-ray backscatter detection module can reach the order of millimeters, and the detection accuracy can reach tens of microns. It can be used to detect defects in the process of metal 3D printing in real time. It is a non-contact, fast, efficient, and high-precision online detection. The method plays a significant role in the quality control and process improvement of metal 3D printing technology.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, which are common to those skilled in the art. As far as the skilled person is concerned, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings on the premise of not paying creative work.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal 3D printing device for simultaneous quality inspection of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the metal 3D printer body of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the printing and scanning platform of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the powder spreading device of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the printing control system of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the X-ray backscatter detection module of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the flying spot forming assembly of the present invention.

Reference signs:

1: Metal 3D printer body; 2: X-ray backscatter detection module; 3: 3D printer connection frame;

11: printing and scanning platform; 12: laser source; 13: powder spreading device;

14: Print transmission structure in X direction; 15: Print transmission structure in Y direction; 16: Print transmission structure in Z direction;

17: printing control system; 18: printer frame; 111: printing substrate;

112: scanning transmission structure in Y direction; 131: powder spreading box; 132: transmission structure of powder spreading box;

171: printing control chassis; 172: printing control display;

21: Backscatter module frame; 22: X-ray tube holder; 23: X-ray tube;

24: flying spot forming component; 25: rear collimator; 26: detector;

241: front collimator; 242: chopper wheel; 243: servo motor;

244: servo motor bracket; 245: shielding shell.

detailed description

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention , but not all examples. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

A simultaneous quality inspection metal 3D printing device of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6 .

As shown in FIG. 1 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a metal 3D printing device for simultaneous quality inspection, including: a metal 3D printer body 1 , an X-ray backscatter detection module 2 , and a 3D printer connection frame 3 . The X-ray backscatter detection module 2 is installed directly above the metal 3D printer body 1, and is connected to the metal 3D printer body 1 through the 3D printer connection frame 3. The scanning direction of the X-ray backscatter detection module 2 is vertically downward.

As shown in Figure 2, the metal 3D printer body 1 includes: printing and scanning platform 11, laser source 12, powder spreading device 13, X-direction printing transmission structure 14, Y-direction printing transmission structure 15, Z-direction printing transmission structure 16, printing Control system 17, printer frame 18.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the printing and scanning platform 11 includes: a printing substrate 111 and a Y-direction scanning transmission structure 112 . The printing substrate 111 is a substrate used for metal 3D printing, and the powder spreading and printing work are all performed on the printing substrate 111; when the X-ray backscatter detection module 2 performs one-dimensional flying spot scanning along the X direction, the Y direction scans the transmission structure 112 is used to drive the printing substrate 111 to move at a constant speed along the Y direction, so as to realize two-dimensional backscatter scanning detection.

As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , the powder spreading device 13 includes: a powder spreading box 131 and a powder spreading box transmission structure 132 . The powder spreading box 131 is used to store metal powder and spread powder and scrape on the printing substrate 111; the powder spreading box transmission structure 132 is used to drive the powder spreading box 131 to spread powder along the Y direction.

As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4, the laser source 12 can generate high-power laser for melting or sintering metal powder; the X-direction printing transmission structure 14 is used to drive the laser source 12 to move the selected area in the X direction; the Y-direction printing transmission The structure 15 is used to drive the laser source 12 to move the selected area in the Y direction; the Z-direction printing transmission structure 16 is used to drive the printing and scanning platform 11 to move up and down in the Z direction to realize layer-changing and printing; the printer frame 18 is used for Fixed powder laying box transmission structure 132 , X direction printing transmission structure 14 , Y direction printing transmission structure 15 , Z direction printing transmission structure 16 , and printing control system 17 .

As shown in FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 , FIG. 3 and FIG. 5 , the print control system 17 includes: a print control cabinet 171 and a print control display 172 . Among them, the printing control chassis 171 is installed at the bottom of the printer frame 18, and is used for time synchronization and logic control of related module components during the process of metal 3D printing and synchronous quality inspection, specifically including: power control of the laser source 12, powder spreading device 13 control, motion control of the printing transmission structure 14 in the X direction, motion control of the printing transmission structure 15 in the Y direction, motion control of the printing transmission structure 16 in the Z direction, and motion control of the scanning transmission structure 112 in the Y direction. In addition, the printing control cabinet 171 receives the status signal returned by the X-ray backscatter detection module 2 for the chain control of the metal 3D printer body 1, and sends a pulse synchronization signal to the X-ray backscatter detection module 2 to realize the synchronization in the metal 3D printing process The function of quality inspection.

As shown in Figure 6, the X-ray backscatter detection module 2 includes: a backscatter module frame 21, an X-ray tube holder 22, an X-ray tube 23, a flying spot forming assembly 24, a rear collimator 25, and a detector 26 . Wherein, the backscatter module frame 21 is used for overall support and fixing of the X-ray backscatter detection module 2 ; the X-ray tube bracket 22 fixes the X-ray tube 23 on the top of the backscatter module frame 21 .

As shown in FIG. 7 , the flying spot forming assembly 24 includes: a pre-collimator 241 , a chopper wheel 242 , a servo motor 243 , a servo motor bracket 244 , and a shielding shell 245 . Wherein, the pre-collimator 241 is processed by a flange, welded on the shielding shell 245, and is used to connect the X-ray tube 23; the shielding shell 245 covers the chopper wheel 242, the servo motor 243, and the servo motor bracket 244. internal.

As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the X-ray tube 23 produces a conical beam that is aligned with the center of the pre-collimator 241; After the device 241 is collimated into a fan-shaped beam, it is then irradiated on the chopper wheel 242; the servo motor 243 is equipped with an encoder to drive the chopper wheel 242 to rotate at a high speed; the chopper wheel 242 has several radially distributed slits, The area other than the slit is shielded with a high atomic number material to ensure that the part other than the slit of the chopper wheel 242 cannot transmit X-rays. At the same time, there is only one slit of the chopper wheel 242 and the front collimator The fan-shaped beam of the collimator 241 produces an intersection point, and the fan-shaped beam passes through the chopper wheel 242 and becomes a spot beam, and performs one-dimensional high-speed line scanning along the slit direction of the pre-collimator 241 .

As shown in Figures 6 and 7, there is a slit at the center of the post-collimator 25 to align with the slit of the pre-collimator 241, which is used to collimate the flying spots again, and the post-collimator 25 It is also used to fix the flying spot forming assembly 24 on the backscatter module frame 21; the detector 26 is installed on the bottom of the backscatter module frame 21, and there is a slit in the center of the detector 26, which is connected with the slit of the front collimator 241. The slit and the slit of the rear collimator 25 are aligned so that the point beam can pass through the slit of the detector 26 to irradiate the object to be inspected, and then X-ray backscatter occurs and is collected by the detector 26.

The workflow of a metal 3D printing device for simultaneous quality inspection of the present invention is:

In the first step, the printing control system 17 starts an initialization command to initialize the positions of the X-direction printing transmission structure 14, the Y-direction printing transmission structure 15, the Z-direction printing transmission structure 16, the Y-direction scanning transmission structure 112, and the powder spreading device 13.

In the second step, the printing control system 17 controls the powder spreading device 13 to spread the first layer of metal powder on the printing substrate 111, and then returns to the initialization position.

In the third step, the printing control system 17 controls the X-direction printing transmission structure 14 and the Y-direction printing transmission structure 15 to move the laser source 12 to the first printing point, and then the printing control system 17 starts the laser source 12 to start printing, and synchronously controls the X The direction printing transmission structure 14 and the Y direction printing transmission structure 15 drive the laser source 12 to perform two-dimensional printing, and return to the initialization position after completion.

In the 4th step, the print control system 17 receives the status signal returned by the X-ray backscatter detection module 2, and if the read status signal is Ready, then sends a pulse synchronization signal to the X-ray backscatter detection module 2 to start a process along the X direction. Two-dimensional scanning detection, and synchronously control the Y-direction scanning transmission structure 112 to drive the printing substrate 111 to move at a uniform speed in the Y direction to realize two-dimensional scanning detection. After the detection is completed, the Y-direction scanning transmission structure 112 is restored to the initialization position. If the detection result of the X-ray backscatter detection module 2 is that there is a printing defect, then stop the subsequent 3D printing process and directly skip to the sixth step.

In the fifth step, the printing control system 17 controls the printing transmission structure 16 in the Z direction to drive the printing and scanning platform 11 to move down one printing layer thickness, and repeat the process of the second, third and fourth steps.

In the sixth step, the metal 3D printing is finished. If the X-ray backscatter detection module 2 detects that there are printing defects, the metal 3D printing process can be optimized by adjusting the power of the laser source 12 or the single-point printing time after analysis.

The above is only the best implementation mode of the present invention, and the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of patent protection of the present invention, so any equivalent structural changes made by using the description of the present invention and the contents of the accompanying drawings shall be treated in the same way. included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a metal 3D printing device of synchronous quality control which characterized in that includes: metal 3D printer body, X ray backscatter detection module, 3D printer connection frame.

2. The metal 3D printing device of synchronous quality control of claim 1, characterized in that, metal 3D printer body is including printing and scanning platform, laser source, shop's powder device, X direction print drive structure, Y direction print drive structure, Z direction print drive structure, printing control system, printer frame, print and scanning platform including printing base plate, Y direction scanning drive structure, it is the base plate that metal 3D printed to print the base plate, shop's powder and print all go on the base plate, Y direction scanning drive structure drives when being used for scanning detection and prints the base plate and carry out the uniform velocity removal along the Y direction, shop's powder device is fixed on the printer frame and install in print and scanning platform top.

3. The metal 3D printing device for synchronous quality inspection according to claim 2, wherein the printing control system comprises a printing control cabinet and a printing control display, wherein the printing control cabinet is installed at the bottom of a printer frame and used for controlling the power of the laser source, the powder spreading device, the X-direction printing transmission structure, the Y-direction printing transmission structure, the Z-direction printing transmission structure, the Y-direction scanning transmission structure and the X-ray backscatter detection module in the metal 3D printing process.

4. The metal 3D printing device for synchronous quality inspection according to claim 3, wherein the printing control cabinet is capable of receiving a status signal returned by the X-ray backscatter detection module for linkage control of the metal 3D printer body and sending a pulse synchronization signal to the X-ray backscatter detection module to realize a function of synchronous quality inspection in the metal 3D printing process.

5. The metal 3D printing device for synchronous quality inspection according to claim 1, wherein the X-ray backscatter detection module comprises a backscatter module frame, an X-ray bulb tube support, an X-ray bulb tube, a flying spot forming assembly, a rear collimator and a detector, the X-ray backscatter detection module is mounted right above the metal 3D printer body and connected with the metal 3D printer body through the 3D printer connection frame, and the scanning direction of the X-ray backscatter detection module is vertically downward.

6. The synchronous quality inspection metal 3D printing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the backscatter module frame is used for overall support and fixation of an X-ray backscatter detection module, and the X-ray tube support fixes the X-ray tube on top of the backscatter module frame.

7. The metal 3D printing device for synchronous quality inspection according to claim 5, wherein the flying spot forming assembly comprises a pre-collimator, a chopper wheel, a servo motor bracket and a shielding housing, the pre-collimator is formed by flange processing, has a slit in the center, is welded on the shielding housing and is used for connecting the X-ray bulb tube, the shielding housing covers the chopper wheel, the servo motor and the servo motor bracket inside, the servo motor vertically drives the chopper wheel to rotate downwards, and the servo motor bracket fixes the servo motor inside the shielding housing.

8. The metal 3D printing device for synchronous quality inspection according to claim 5 or 7, wherein a slit at the center of the post-collimator is aligned with the slit of the pre-collimator for re-collimating the flying spot, and the post-collimator is further used for fixing the flying spot forming assembly on the back scattering module frame.

9. The metal 3D printing device for synchronous quality inspection according to claim 5 or 7, wherein the detector is installed at the bottom of the back scattering module frame, and a slit is formed in the center of the detector and is aligned with the slit of the front collimator and the slit of the rear collimator.

10. The metal 3D printing device for synchronous quality inspection according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the X-ray backscatter detection module detects a metal 3D printing defect, the printing process is terminated, and after the defect analysis is performed, the metal 3D printing process is optimized by adjusting the power of the laser source or the single-point printing time.

Images