CN115606548A

CN115606548A - Breeding management method for producing selenium-rich yak meat

Info

Publication number: CN115606548A
Application number: CN202211231296.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈勇; 吴锦波; 张燕; 牟桑; 李铸; 肖敏; 周建旭; 余康健
Original assignee: ABA Prefecture Animal Husbandry Science And Technology Research Institute
Current assignee: ABA Prefecture Animal Husbandry Science And Technology Research Institute
Priority date: 2022-10-09
Filing date: 2022-10-09
Publication date: 2023-01-17

Abstract

The invention relates to livestock breeding, and provides a breeding management method for producing selenium-rich yak meat in order to obtain yak meat with high selenium content, which comprises the following operation steps: (1) Feeding 3-6 years old yaks with the weight of 180-220kg, wherein the feeding stage comprises a transition period and a subsequent fattening period; (2) Performing first insect repelling on the 2 nd to 3 rd days of the transition period, and performing second insect repelling 7 to 10 days after the first insect repelling; (3) Adding selenium yeast into the feed every day from 8-10 days of the fattening period, wherein the adding time is 90-110 days; raising until the average weight is more than 300kg, and then marketing. According to the feeding management method for producing selenium-rich yak meat, the yak meat cultured by the method is reasonable in nutrition, comprehensive and high in selenium content, and can supplement selenium for human bodies.

Description

Breeding management method for producing selenium-rich yak meat

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, in particular to a feeding management method for producing selenium-rich yak meat.

Background

China is a country with serious selenium deficiency, and the selenium deficiency of meat livestock and poultry frequently occurs. Selenium is one of 15 essential trace elements for human body and also essential trace element for animal body. The deficiency of the trace element selenium not only affects the growth and development of the human and the animal, but also seriously affects the reproductive performance of the human and the animal.

Clinical studies have shown that selenium deficiency in humans can lead to over 40 diseases, such as keshan disease, heart disease, pancreatitis, kaschin-Beck disease, and prostate cancer. In the dietary structure of urban residents in China, the daily intake of selenium of adults is about 0.02-0.03 mg, which is far from the recommended value of 0.05-0.25 mg provided by the Chinese academy of nutrition.

Research shows that animal selenium deficiency can cause brain softening, reduce reproductive capacity of adult livestock and even cause sterility. White muscle disease occurs when the young animals are deficient in selenium, and exudative diathesis occurs when the chicks are deficient in selenium. Therefore, the development of the selenium-rich functional health care product has important significance for improving the national health level and the high-quality and sustainable development of the animal husbandry. Selenium is an important trace element, and a proper amount of selenium supplement can promote animal health, improve the growth performance and meat quality of yaks, improve the selenium content in muscles and organs, and is an economical, convenient, direct and effective ideal way for improving selenium supplement for people in selenium-deficient areas in China.

It is common practice to add feed containing various nutritional elements to animal feed in order to balance the nutritional content of the meat. Therefore, at present, no breeding method specially aiming at the selenium-rich edible meat exists.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a feeding management method for producing selenium-rich yak meat, and the yak meat cultured by the method is reasonable in nutrition, comprehensive and high in selenium content, and can supplement selenium element for human bodies.

The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the invention provides a feeding management method for producing selenium-rich yak meat, which comprises the following operation steps:

(1) Healthy yaks of which the average weight is about 200kg and the age is 3-6 years are selected and purchased.

(2) Preparing daily ration in a transition period (the total time is 10-12 days) and feeding. Yaks live in alpine regions with altitudes higher than 3500 m for a long time and are raised in colony houses in low altitude regions by grazing suddenly, the living environment and forage grass structure of the yaks change greatly, the yaks are often subjected to great stress, the yaks are not suitable for new environments and do not eat forage grass fed manually, the yaks are enabled to lose weight quickly due to weight loss, and even the yaks are sick and dead, so that unnecessary loss is caused. Feeding water after newly purchased yaks enter a field for 2 hours, feeding the yaks (high-quality green hay) after 4 hours, and allowing the yaks to eat freely; the next day, the water begins to be drunk freely; carrying out first insect expelling (injecting abamectin or ivermectin injection and the like) on 2-3 days of entry, and then expelling insects at intervals of 7-10 days; and (3) adding the coarse fodder of the local farm appropriately from 8 days of entering the farm, and gradually increasing the fattening mixed complete feed concentrate to 3kg per day from 10 days.

(3) Preparing the whole daily grain in the fattening period. The total mixed ration for fattening yak comprises two parts of concentrated feed and coarse feed, wherein the concentrated feed comprises 65% of corn, 15% of leguminous hay powder (or whole cottonseed, etc.), and 20% of concentrated feed special for yak; the coarse fodder comprises 30-50 parts of silage, 20-40 parts of straw and 20-40 parts of vinasse.

The concentrated feed for fattening yaks contains the following nutritional ingredients: the water content is less than or equal to 13, the crude protein is more than or equal to 34, the crude fiber is less than or equal to 13, the crude ash content is less than or equal to 2.0, the calcium content is 3-5, the total phosphorus content is more than or equal to 1, the sodium chloride content is 1.5-4.5, the lysine content is more than or equal to 0.9, the Co content is 0.15mg/kg, the Cu content is 10mg/kg, the Fe content is 25mg/kg, the Mn content is 20mg/kg, the Zn content is 35mg/kg, the VA content is 260kIU/kg, the VD content is 15kIU/kg, the VE content is 1300IU/kg and the like.

Adding selenium yeast into the feed every day from 8-10 days of fattening period for 90-110 days (selenium content: 2000-2400mg/kg, water content less than or equal to 6%); the yeast selenium is respectively added into the concentrated feed of daily ration of yaks according to 2-3g of each yak per day and is mixed evenly.

(4) A yak feeding technology. After the transition period of 10 days, the yaks enter a fattening period of rapid weight increment, and the concentrate feeding amount is gradually increased. The amount of concentrated feed is increased from 0.6-0.8% of the initial weight, 0.15-0.25kg of concentrated feed is added every 8-12 days, until the amount of concentrated feed is increased to 1-1.1% of the weight, and no concentrated feed is added. The coarse fodder can be supplied sufficiently during the whole fattening period, and can be taken freely, and sufficient drinking water can be guaranteed. Feeding at morning (7-9 o 'clock) and afternoon (4-6 o' clock) for 2 times every day, wherein the feeding process comprises feeding refined material, coarse material and water, the coarse material is freely eaten, and little water is fed; the conditional farm can adopt a Total Mixed Ration (TMR) feeding mode, namely, the concentrated feed and the coarse feed are completely mixed and then fed, and the effect is better when the concentrated feed and the coarse feed are mixed and fed every day. And (4) after the yak is bred to the end of the fattening period or the average weight of the yak is more than 300kg, and selling the yak after being slaughtered.

(5) And (5) the requirements of hygiene and epidemic prevention. The cleaning and sanitation are well realized, and the disinfection system is strict. After the yaks are raised in pens, the daily feed intake is large, and the excrement discharge amount is also large. The colony house should be kept clean and sanitary, and the dung is removed 2 times every day, and the colony house and the environment are disinfected every two weeks. Yak excrement can be sterilized by biological heat sterilization. The manure is piled up at a place far away from the colony house, and soil with the thickness of 10cm is covered on the manure for fermentation, and the manure can be used as fertilizer after 2-3 months. And (4) introducing the sewage into a treatment tank, and then disinfecting the sewage by bleaching powder or quicklime. The yak is purchased to continuously expel insects for 2 times in the first week and within the first week.

The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention at least has the following advantages and beneficial effects: according to the feeding management method for producing the selenium-rich yak meat, the yak meat obtained by the method is comprehensive in nutrient elements and rich in selenium elements, meets the production requirement of functional selenium-rich yak meat, and can provide rich selenium elements for people.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The embodiment provides a feeding management method for producing selenium-rich yak meat, which comprises the following steps:

(1) Selecting yaks of 3-6 years old and 180-220kg weight for feeding, wherein the feeding stage comprises a transition period and a subsequent fattening period;

(2) Using the abamectin injection for first insect expelling on the 2 nd day of the transition period (10 days in total), and using the abamectin injection for second insect expelling on the 9 th day; feeding high-quality green hay to the yaks 8 days before the transition period, and feeding roughage to the farms several days after the transition period.

(3) Starting on the 8 th day of the fattening period, the yak eats for 2 times a day, namely 7-9 am and 4-6 pm respectively, and the feed intake of the yak is the same for the two times. Adding yeast selenium (the addition amount of yeast selenium is 2g per head per day; the selenium content in yeast selenium is 2-2.4g/kg, the water content is less than or equal to 6%) into the feed every day for 90 days.

The feed for the yaks in the fattening period comprises concentrated feed and coarse feed; the initial using amount of the concentrated feed is 0.6 percent of the weight of the yaks every day, and then the weight of the yaks is increased by 0.15kg every 8 days until the weight of the yaks is increased by 1 percent; the amount of roughage used per day is not limited, and it is allowed to feed freely. Wherein the concentrated feed comprises 60 parts of corn, 10 parts of leguminous hay powder and 15 parts of yak special concentrated feed in parts by weight; the coarse fodder comprises 30 parts of silage, 20 parts of straws and 20 parts of vinasse by weight. The concentrated feed special for yaks comprises the following nutritional ingredients: the water content is less than or equal to 13 percent, the crude protein is more than or equal to 34 percent, the crude fiber is less than or equal to 13 percent, the crude ash content is less than or equal to 2.0 percent, the calcium content is 3-5 percent, the total phosphorus is more than or equal to 1 percent, the sodium chloride is 1.5-4.5 percent, the lysine is more than or equal to 0.9 percent, the Co0.15mg/kg, the Cu 10mg/kg, the Fe 25mg/kg, the Mn 20mg/kg, the Zn 35mg/kg, the VA 260kIU/kg, the VD15kIU/kg and the VE 1300IU/kg.

Raising until the average weight is more than 300kg, and then marketing.

Example 2

(2) Performing first insect expelling by using the abamectin injection on the 3 rd day of the transition period (12 days in total), and performing second insect expelling by using the abamectin injection on the 11 th day; feeding high-quality green hay to the yaks 8 days before the transition period, and feeding roughage to the farms several days after the transition period.

(3) Starting from the 10 th day of the fattening period, the yak eats for 2 times every day, namely 7-9 am and 4-6 pm respectively, and the feed intake of the yak is the same. Adding yeast selenium (the addition amount of yeast selenium is 3g per head per day; the selenium content in yeast selenium is 2-2.4g/kg, the water content is less than or equal to 6%) into the feed every day for 110 days.

The feed for the yaks in the fattening period comprises concentrated feed and coarse feed; the initial using amount of the concentrated feed is 0.8 percent of the weight of the yaks every day, and then the weight of the yaks is increased by 0.25kg every 12 days until the weight of the yaks is increased by 1.1 percent; the amount of roughage used per day is not limited, and it is allowed to feed freely. Wherein the concentrated feed comprises 70 parts of corn, 20 parts of leguminous hay powder and 25 parts of yak special concentrated feed in parts by weight; the coarse fodder comprises 50 parts of silage, 40 parts of straws and 40 parts of vinasse by weight. The concentrated feed special for yaks comprises the following nutritional ingredients: the water content is less than or equal to 13 percent, the crude protein is more than or equal to 34 percent, the crude fiber is less than or equal to 13 percent, the crude ash content is less than or equal to 2.0 percent, the calcium content is 3 to 5 percent, the total phosphorus is more than or equal to 1 percent, the sodium chloride is 1.5 to 4.5 percent, the lysine is more than or equal to 0.9 percent, the Co is 0.15mg/kg, the Cu is 10mg/kg, the Fe is 25mg/kg, the Mn is 20mg/kg, the Zn is 35mg/kg, the VA is 260kIU/kg, the VD is 15kIU/kg, and the VE is 1300IU/kg.

And (5) breeding until the average weight is more than 300 kg.

Example 3

This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that: in this example, the amount of selenium yeast added was 1g per head per day.

Example 4

This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that: in this example, the amount of selenium yeast added was 3g per head per day.

Comparative example

This comparative example is essentially the same as example 1, except that: in this comparative example, no yeast selenium was added.

Experimental example 1

Randomly selecting 3 yaks bred by the method of example 1, collecting a plurality of muscle samples after slaughtering for drug residue, heavy metal and microorganism index detection, and the statistical analysis of the measurement results is shown in the following table 1.

TABLE 1 detection results of drug residue, heavy metals and microorganism indexes in yak body

Detecting the index	The result of the detection	Definition requirements
			Sixty-six (mg/kg)	Not detected out	0.10
Di Bian nasal discharge (mg/kg)	Not detected out	0.20
			Oxytetracycline (mg/kg)	Not detected out	0.10
Aureomycin (mg/kg)	Not detected out	0.10
			Ivermectin (mg/kg)	Not detected out	0.01
Clenbuterol hydrochloride (mug/kg)	Not detected out	(＜0.25μg/kg)
			Ractopamine (mug/kg)	Not detected out	(＜0.25μg/kg)
Arsenic (AS) (mg/kg)	Not detected out	0.05
			Mercury (Hg) (mg/kg)	Not detected out	0.05
Lead (Pb) (mg/kg)	0.032	0.20
			Chromium (Cr) (mg/kg)	0.065	1.00
Cadmium (Cd) (mg/kg)	Not detected out	0.10
			Total number of colonies (CFU/g)	0.413×10 ³	1×10 ³
Salmonella (25 g)	Not detected out	0/25
			Escherichia coli (MPN/g)	0.37	100
Staphylococcus aureus (CFU/g)	Not detected out	1000

The detection results show that all indexes of sanitation, toxicity, harm and the like are lower than the standard limit requirements, and the selenium-rich yak meat produced by the method is safe in quality and free of pollution.

Experimental example 2

Randomly selecting 3 yaks bred by the method of example 1, collecting a plurality of muscle samples after slaughtering, and carrying out index determination on nutrient substances, mineral elements and the like, wherein the statistical analysis of the determination results is shown in the following table 2.

TABLE 2 measurement of nutrient and mineral elements in yak muscle

The measurement results show that the yak meat produced by the method is rich in nutrient substances and mineral elements, low in cholesterol content and sufficient in selenium content, and is high-protein low-fat selenium-rich yak meat.

Experimental example 3

In this experimental example, 4 groups were set, and 10 yaks were randomly selected from each group, and the yaks were raised by the methods of examples 1, 3, and 4 and the comparative example. And respectively randomly selecting 3 heads of a control group and a test group of the tested confined fattening yaks on 60 th, 80 th and 100 th days of the test, and respectively collecting longissimus dorsi after concentrated fixed-point slaughter to send samples to detect the selenium content. The results of the assay detection analysis are shown in Table 3 below.

Group (selenium addition g)	60d	80d	100d
				COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 (0)	0.037±0.003	0.038±0.002	0.040±0.003
Example 1 (2)	0.044±0.022	0.087±0.016	0.213±0.075
				Example 3 (1)	0.040±0.053	0.053±0.008	0.162±0.043
Example 4 (3)	0.068±0.028	0.124±0.023	0.235±0.026

As can be seen from table 3: quantitatively and regularly adding 2-3g of yeast selenium into concentrated feed of daily ration of yaks every day, fully and uniformly mixing, and continuously feeding for 100 days; the result shows that the selenium content of the chilled yak meat reaches 0.213-0.235 mg/kg and is more than 5 times higher than that of the common yak meat after the selenium is fed for 100 days by the yeast, the selenium content of the chilled yak meat reaches the standard of the selenium content of the selenium-rich meat of 0.20-0.50 mg/kg (DB 36/T566-2017 selenium-rich food selenium content classification standard), and the production requirement of the functional selenium-rich yak meat is met.

The present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiment, and it is not intended to be limited to the embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feeding management method for producing selenium-rich yak meat is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:

(1) Feeding 3-6 years old yaks with the weight of 180-220kg, wherein the feeding stage comprises a transition period and a subsequent fattening period;

(2) Performing first insect expelling on the 2 nd to 3 rd days of the transition period, and performing second insect expelling 7 to 10 days after the first insect expelling;

(3) Adding selenium yeast into the feed every day from 8-10 days of the fattening period, wherein the adding time is 90-110 days; and (5) breeding until the average weight is more than 300 kg.

2. The feeding management method for producing selenium-rich yak meat according to claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the selenium yeast in the step (3) is 2-3g per head per day; the selenium content in the selenium yeast is 2-2.4g/kg, and the water content is less than or equal to 6%.

3. The feeding management method for producing selenium-rich yak meat according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the feed for the yak during the fattening period comprises concentrated feed and coarse feed; wherein the concentrated feed comprises 60-70 parts of corn, 10-20 parts of leguminous hay powder and 15-25 parts of concentrated feed special for yaks in parts by weight; the coarse fodder comprises 30-50 parts of silage, 20-40 parts of straw and 20-40 parts of vinasse by weight.

4. The feeding management method for producing selenium-rich yak meat as claimed in claim 3, wherein the concentrated feed for yaks comprises the following nutrients: the water content is less than or equal to 13 percent, the crude protein is more than or equal to 34 percent, the crude fiber is less than or equal to 13 percent, the crude ash content is less than or equal to 2.0 percent, the calcium is 3 to 5 percent, the total phosphorus is more than or equal to 1 percent, the sodium chloride is 1.5 to 4.5 percent, the lysine is more than or equal to 0.9 percent, the Co is 0.15mg/kg, the Cu is 10mg/kg, the Fe is 25mg/kg, the Mn is 20mg/kg, the Zn is 35mg/kg, the VA is 260kIU/kg, the VD is 15kIU/kg, and the VE is 1300IU/kg.

5. The feeding management method for producing selenium-rich yak meat as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step (3), the amount of concentrated feed used is 0.6-0.8% of the weight of yaks per day, and then the amount of concentrated feed used is increased by 0.15-0.25kg every 8-12 days until the weight of yaks is increased by 1-1.1%; the amount of roughage used per day is not limited, and it is allowed to feed freely.

6. The feeding management method for producing selenium-rich yak meat as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the yak takes 2 times a day, which are 7-9 am and 4-6 pm, respectively, and the feed intake of the two times is the same.

7. The feeding management method for producing selenium-rich yak meat according to claim 1, wherein the transition period in the step (2) is 10-12 days, the yak is fed with the high-quality green hay in the first 8 days of the transition period, and the yak is fed with the roughage of the farm in the latter several days of the transition period.

8. The rearing and management method for producing selenium-enriched yak meat according to claim 1, wherein the first and second anthelmintics in step (2) are both injected with an injection; wherein the injection is one of avermectin or ivermectin.