CN115586245B - Ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on pulse rotation electromagnetic field - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于脉冲旋转电磁场铁磁性材料裂纹量化方法，通过FPGA平台开发脉冲旋转电磁场铁磁性材料裂纹量化硬件系统产生相位差90度的脉冲激励信号作用在待测件上，最终通过FPGA平台对裂纹信号进行提取，通过不同频率参考信号下的裂纹提取信号进行裂纹类型判断，根据裂纹信号进行运算，记录漏磁信号和扰动信号的信号特征，计算裂纹长度、裂纹深度、裂纹角度。本发明采用上述结构的基于脉冲旋转电磁场铁磁性材料裂纹量化方法，能够解决传统旋转电磁场检测技术无法对铁磁性材料裂纹尺寸量化以及无法判断表面裂纹和埋深裂纹的问题。
The invention discloses a method for quantifying cracks in ferromagnetic materials based on pulsed rotating electromagnetic fields. A hardware system for quantifying cracks in ferromagnetic materials in pulsed rotating electromagnetic fields is developed through an FPGA platform to generate a pulse excitation signal with a phase difference of 90 degrees to act on the piece to be tested. Finally, the crack signal is extracted through the FPGA platform, and the crack type is judged through the crack extraction signals under different frequency reference signals. Operation is performed according to the crack signal, signal characteristics of the magnetic flux leakage signal and the disturbance signal are recorded, and the crack length, crack depth and crack angle are calculated. The present invention adopts the method for quantifying ferromagnetic material cracks based on pulsed rotating electromagnetic field with the above structure, which can solve the problems that the traditional rotating electromagnetic field detection technology cannot quantify the size of ferromagnetic material cracks and cannot judge surface cracks and buried deep cracks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rotating electromagnetic field detection, in particular to a ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on a pulse rotating electromagnetic field.
Background
The rotating magnetic field is a magnetic field which is unchanged in size and rotates in space at a certain rotating speed, and when symmetrical three-phase current flows in the symmetrical three-phase winding, the rotating magnetic field is generated, and the magnetic field continuously rotates in space along with current alternation. The rotating electromagnetic field detection technology is used for detecting cracks by utilizing a rotating uniform induction field generated on a piece to be detected, has higher detection sensitivity on micro cracks and can quantify crack sizes in any direction, and the rotating electromagnetic field detection technology at present has obtained mature research results in the aspect of quantifying single crack sizes of nonferromagnetic materials, but for ferromagnetic materials, due to the ferromagnetic properties of the ferromagnetic materials, complicated magnetic fields consisting of a leakage magnetic field and a disturbance magnetic field exist when the cracks are detected, so that difficulty is brought to quantifying the cracks by adopting the rotating electromagnetic field detection technology.
When the ferromagnetic material is detected by using the rotating electromagnetic field detection technology, complex magnetic fields consisting of a disturbance magnetic field and a leakage magnetic field caused by current exist, cracks cannot be quantified, and meanwhile, the traditional rotating electromagnetic field detection technology adopts a single excitation frequency, so that the distinction between surface cracks and buried cracks cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on a pulse rotating electromagnetic field, which solves the problems that the traditional rotating electromagnetic field detection technology cannot quantify the crack size of a ferromagnetic material and cannot judge surface cracks and buried cracks.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on a pulse rotation electromagnetic field, which comprises the following steps:
generating pulse excitation signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees through a pulse excitation signal generation module on an FPGA platform, forming unipolar pulse signals with controllable duty ratio through a MOS tube driving circuit so that high current is applied to a pulse rotation probe, and picking up space induction magnetic field signals above a piece to be detected through a sensor on the pulse rotation probe;
step two, a signal acquisition module on the FPGA platform transmits the electric signals captured by the sensor on the pulse rotation probe into the FPGA platform, and simultaneously generates required reference signals through a reference signal control module on the FPGA platform, and then carries out crack signal extraction through a phase-locked amplifier module on the FPGA platform;
step three, judging crack types through crack extraction signals under different frequency reference signals, wherein the frequency is from high to low, and deep buried defects with different depths appear in sequence;
step four, calculating the amplitude information and the phase information of the induction magnetic field contained in the extracted crack signal through a magnetic field reduction method to obtain the magnetic field intensity of the induction magnetic field when the excitation magnetic field is positioned at any angle;
fifthly, decomposing the extracted crack signals into magnetic leakage signals and disturbance signals, finding out the maximum magnetic field intensity of the magnetic leakage field and the disturbance magnetic field, and recording signal characteristics;
and step six, calculating the crack length, the crack depth and the crack angle according to the signal characteristics.
Preferably, the MOS tube driving circuit controls the generation of a pulse signal with a variable current to form a high-strength induction magnetic field.
Preferably, the angle in step four is denoted as α i (i=0, 1,2, … …, 90), resolution accuracy is 1, and magnetic field signal resolution is performed in a range of 0 ° to 90 °:
wherein,,for exciting a magnetic field at an angle alpha i The magnetic field intensity of the induced magnetic field is A, and the amplitude response of the induced magnetic field is A.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the signal is characterized by: a. when the disturbance signal is maximum, the magnetic field presents two circular magnetic fields, and the angle is recorded as alpha d The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the b. When the magnetic leakage signal is maximum, the magnetic field presents two strip magnetic fields, and the angle is recorded as alpha m 。
Preferably, in step six, at α i ＝α d In this case, the crack length is quantified by the distance between the peaks of the disturbance magnetic field signal, and the peak-to-peak coordinates of the disturbance magnetic field intensity are set to (X k ，Y k ) And (X) l ，Y l ) Crack length is l, which is expressed as:
wherein a is a proportionality coefficient of the conversion of the magnetic field signal coordinate difference value to the physical length;
at alpha i ＝α m And alpha i ＝α d When the method is used, the peak value of the disturbing magnetic field and the peak value of the leakage magnetic field are extracted to quantify the crack depth, and the peak value of the disturbing magnetic field strength is set as Bz d-max The peak-to-peak value of the leakage magnetic field strength is Bz m-max Cracks, crazesThe depth is set to be h,
h＝(b d Bz d-max +b m Bz m-max )/2
wherein b d And b m The weight coefficients of the disturbance magnetic field and the leakage magnetic field are converted to physical depth respectively, the weight coefficients are obtained by carrying out data fitting on the magnetic field intensity peak value and the crack depth value, and the accuracy of the weight coefficients is related to the fitting data quantity;
at alpha i ＝α m And alpha i ＝α d When the magnetic field signal of the strip-shaped magnetic leakage clearly shows two sides of a crack, and the crack angle is set as theta, so that the magnetic field signal of the strip-shaped magnetic leakage clearly shows two sides of the crack, and the crack is obtained:
therefore, the ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on the pulse rotation electromagnetic field has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a pulse excitation mode, which is realized by combining an FPGA with a MOS tube driving circuit, has simple equipment realization, can realize the output of a large-current excitation signal and realizes the controllability of excitation current;
2. the crack size can be quantified by decomposing the ferromagnetic material crack magnetic field signal and dividing the crack magnetic field signal into a leakage magnetic field and a disturbance magnetic field and combining the two decomposition fields.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on a pulse rotation electromagnetic field;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pulse rotation electromagnetic field ferromagnetic material crack quantification system developed based on an FPGA platform;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pulse excitation signal generated by the pulse excitation signal generation module according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the signal Bz of a surface crack of a ferromagnetic material according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the signal of a deep buried crack Bz of a ferromagnetic material according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a view of the alpha of the present invention i ＝α d A Bz signal peak-to-peak value coordinate schematic diagram;
FIG. 7 is a view of the alpha of the present invention i ＝α m And (5) a Bz signal peak-to-peak value coordinate diagram.
Reference numerals
1. A pulse excitation signal generation module; 2. a signal acquisition module; 3. a reference signal control module; 4. a lock-in amplifier module; 5. a MOS tube driving circuit; 6. pulse rotation probe; 7. an FPGA platform; 8. and a piece to be tested.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below through the attached drawings and the embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used herein, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that elements or items preceding the word are included in the element or item listed after the word and equivalents thereof, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "connected," and the like, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, which may also be changed when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed.
Examples
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on a pulse rotation electromagnetic field; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pulse rotation electromagnetic field ferromagnetic material crack quantification system developed based on an FPGA platform; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pulse excitation signal generated by the pulse excitation signal generation module according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the signal Bz of a surface crack of a ferromagnetic material according to the present invention; FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the signal of a deep buried crack Bz of a ferromagnetic material according to the present invention; FIG. 6 is a view of the alpha of the present invention i ＝α d A Bz signal peak-to-peak value coordinate schematic diagram; FIG. 7 is a view of the alpha of the present invention i ＝α m And (5) a Bz signal peak-to-peak value coordinate diagram.
As shown in the figure, the invention develops a rotary pulse eddy ferromagnetic material crack quantification hardware system based on an FPGA platform, and the hardware system mainly comprises a pulse excitation signal generation module 1, a pulse rotation probe 6, a signal acquisition module 2, a reference signal control module 3, a lock-in amplifier module 4 and the like.
The invention discloses a ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on a pulse rotation electromagnetic field, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, pulse excitation signals with the phase difference of 90 degrees are generated through a pulse excitation signal generation module 1 on an FPGA platform 7, the pulse excitation signals form unipolar pulse signals with controllable duty ratio through a MOS tube driving circuit 5, so that higher current is applied to a quadrature excitation coil of a pulse rotary probe 6, a rotary pulse magnetic field is generated above a piece 8 to be detected, induced current is generated on the surface and inside of the piece 8 to be detected, and a space induction magnetic field signal above the piece 8 to be detected is picked up through a tunnel triaxial magnetic resistance sensor on the pulse rotary probe 6. The MOS tube driving circuit 5 controls and generates a pulse signal with a variable current to form a high-strength induction magnetic field.
Step two, the signal acquisition module 2 on the FPGA platform 7 transmits the electric signals captured by the tunnel triaxial magneto-resistance sensor into the FPGA platform 7, and meanwhile generates required reference signals through the reference signal control module 3 on the FPGA platform 7, and then crack signal extraction is carried out through the phase-locked amplifier module 4 on the FPGA platform 7.
And thirdly, judging the crack type through crack extraction signals under different frequency reference signals, wherein the frequency is from high to low, and deep buried defects with different depths appear in sequence.
And fourthly, calculating the amplitude information and the phase information of the induction magnetic field contained in the extracted crack signal through a magnetic field reduction method to obtain the magnetic field intensity of the induction magnetic field when the excitation magnetic field is located at any angle.
And fifthly, decomposing the extracted crack signals into magnetic leakage signals and disturbance signals, finding out the maximum magnetic field intensity of the magnetic leakage field and the disturbance magnetic field, and recording signal characteristics.
And step six, calculating the crack length, the crack depth and the crack angle according to the signal characteristics.
The selected part 8 to be tested had three defects, each having a size of 10mm×3mm (length×depth), and the buried depths were 0mm, 1mm, and 2mm, respectively. The pulse excitation signal generation module 1 generates two 300Hz and 5V pulse signal sources as excitation signals, and the phase difference of the two excitation signals is 90 degrees. The orthogonal exciting coil is formed by two coils which are wound in an orthogonal mode, and a signal to be detected is received through the triaxial tunnel magneto-resistance sensor.
The signal to be tested is demodulated by a phase-locked amplifier module 4 constructed by an FPGA, and 300Hz (fundamental wave of excitation signal) and 300300Hz (1001 harmonic wave of excitation signal) sine signals are selected as reference signals for demodulation.
The defect type is discriminated according to the principle that the low frequency electromagnetic signal penetrates the part 8 to be measured more strongly than the high frequency signal. The known standard Bz amplitude signal is a bimodal signal, and as can be seen from the result of FIG. 3, at 300Hz and 300300Hz, the Bz signal shows two peak characteristics, which are standard Bz amplitude signal curves, so that the crack is a surface crack of the test piece to be tested; the standard Bz amplitude signal is known to be a bimodal signal, and as can be seen from the result of fig. 4, the Bz signal presents two peak characteristics at 300Hz, is a standard Bz amplitude signal curve, and has no crack signal characteristic at 300300Hz, so that the crack is known to be a buried crack of the test piece to be tested.
Crack quantification includes crack length, angle, and depth information. Cracks with a depth of 0mm were selected for illustration, and defect quantification was performed at 300300 Hz.
1. First, a crack signal is decomposed according to the angle of a magnetic field signal by a decomposition algorithm, and the interval is 1, denoted as alpha 0 ，α 1 ，α 2 ，……，α 90 . The amplitude information and the phase information of the induction magnetic field contained in the detection signal are calculated through a magnetic field reduction method to obtain the magnetic field intensity of the induction magnetic field when the excitation magnetic field is located at any angle:
wherein,,for exciting a magnetic field at an angle alpha i The magnetic field intensity of the induced magnetic field is A, and the amplitude response of the induced magnetic field is A.
2. Finding the maximum conditions of disturbance signals and magnetic leakage signals: a. when the disturbance signal is maximum, the magnetic field presents two circular magnetic fields, and the angle is recorded as alpha d The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the b. When the magnetic leakage signal is maximum, the magnetic field presents two strip magnetic fields, and the angle is recorded as alpha m 。
To quantify crack length, at α i ＝α d In this case, the peak-to-peak coordinates of the Bz signal were recorded as (X k ，Y k ) And (X) l ，Y l ) The crack length is l, the crack is equal to the crack length,
wherein a is the proportionality coefficient of the conversion of the magnetic field signal coordinate difference value to the physical length.
To quantify crack depth, at alpha i ＝α m And alpha i ＝α d When the method is used, the peak value of the disturbing magnetic field and the peak value of the leakage magnetic field are extracted to quantify the crack depth, and the peak value of the disturbing magnetic field strength is set as Bz d-max The peak-to-peak value of the leakage magnetic field strength is Bz m-max The depth of the crack is h,
h＝(b d Bz d-max +b m Bz m-max )/2
wherein b d And b m Weights for converting disturbing magnetic field and leakage magnetic field strength to physical depth respectivelyCoefficients.
To quantify the crack angle, take α i ＝α m When the magnetic field signal of the strip-shaped magnetic leakage clearly shows two sides of the crack, the signal is shown in alpha i ＝α d When the peak-to-peak coordinates of the Bz signal are (X k ，Y k ) And (X) l ，Y l ) Recording the crack angle as theta to obtain
Therefore, the ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on the pulse rotating electromagnetic field with the structure can solve the problems that the traditional rotating electromagnetic field detection technology cannot quantify the ferromagnetic material crack size and cannot judge surface cracks and buried deep cracks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting it, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical scheme of the invention can be modified or replaced by the same, and the modified technical scheme cannot deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical scheme of the invention.
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