CN115581838B - Tracheal unilateral bronchial catheter - Google Patents

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application provides a tracheal unilateral bronchial tube, including a tracheal tube, a bronchial tube, a central cavity and a bronchial cuff assembly. This application designs two catheters for the different needs of left and right one-lung ventilation. The use of a single-lumen tube reduces the diameter of the intubation tube, which is more conducive to use by younger children. Compared with other one-lung ventilation that can be achieved in children, this application The application can be well fixed, difficult to shift, and can be switched at will between bilateral lung ventilation and designated side single lung ventilation. This application is suitable for operations where it is known that there is a disease on one side of the lung that requires lung isolation or that only one side of the lung needs to be ventilated during the operation. According to the age and height of the patient, different models are available to meet the needs of young children to adults. For young children, it has advantages over the existing technology; for adults, this application can reduce damage to patients compared with thicker double-lumen endotracheal tubes.

Description

A kind of tracheal unilateral bronchial tube

Technical field

The present application relates to the field of medical equipment, and in particular, to an endotracheal intubation tube capable of bi-lung ventilation and single-lung ventilation of designated side lungs.

Background technique

The purpose of double-lumen bronchial intubation is to isolate and ventilate the airways of the healthy lung and the diseased lung. It can also prevent sputum or blood from the diseased lung from flowing to the healthy lung, achieve good lung isolation, prevent cross-infection and prevent The purpose is to prevent the spread of germs; it can also prevent the lungs on the surgical side from being inflated, which is beneficial to the smooth progress of the surgery.

There is an increasing demand for the application of one-lung ventilation in children in cardiothoracic surgery. There are mature double-lumen bronchial intubations available in adults. However, due to limitations in the size of the trachea, the application of double-lumen bronchial intubation in children is limited, especially for younger children. Ventilating the lungs is extremely challenging.

As shown in Figure 2, it is a schematic diagram of conventional double-lumen bronchial intubation. The ventilation branch and the bronchial intubation are connected to both ends of the same cavity of the double-lumen tube. The main ventilation pipe is connected to the other cavity of the ventilation branch. Set up a main tracheal cuff and a bronchial cuff on the bronchial tube. In order to ensure that both chambers of the double-lumen tube can be ventilated, the inner diameter of the chamber cannot be too small, thus limiting the diameter of the double-lumen tube. When treating young children Use, because the trachea of young children is thin, conventional double-lumen bronchial intubation will cause certain damage to the trachea of young children. Therefore, the smallest double-lumen bronchial intubation that is actually used today can only be used for children over 8 years old.

Contents of the invention

The embodiments of the present application provide a tracheal unilateral bronchial tube, which uses a single-lumen tube to reduce the diameter of the intubation tube. This application is capable of bilateral lung ventilation and designated-side single-lung ventilation. Compared with conventional double-lumen tracheal intubation, this application There is some sacrifice in functionality, but this application is more conducive to use by younger children. Compared with other one-lung ventilation methods that can be achieved in children (such as bronchial occlusion, etc.), this application can be well fixed and difficult to shift, and can be freely converted between bilateral lung ventilation and designated side one-lung ventilation. This application is suitable for operations where it is known that there is a disease on one side of the lung (left lung or right lung) that requires lung isolation or that only one side of the lung needs to be ventilated during the operation (such as one side of thoracoscopic surgery, etc.) to meet the needs of young children. Reduce damage to children. This application also has an adult model. For adults with tracheal stenosis, one-lung ventilation can also be achieved. Use of this application by normal adults can reduce injuries caused by double-lumen bronchial intubation.

The embodiment of the present application provides a tracheal unilateral bronchial tube, which includes a tracheal tube and a bronchial tube. The tracheal tube and the bronchial tube are integrally formed to form an outer tube. The tracheal tube and the bronchial tube are connected, and the tracheal tube and the bronchial tube are connected. The bronchial tube is plastically fixed at a certain angle through the intubation guide wire. The end of the bronchial tube is provided with a bronchial tube opening. The connection between the tracheal tube and the bronchial tube is provided with a side opening. The side opening is located at the The opening direction of the side opening is toward the opposite side to which the bronchial tube faces, and the opening direction of the side opening is toward the side away from the opening of the bronchial tube.

In a feasible implementation, the tracheal unilateral bronchial tube further includes a central cavity, the central cavity is disposed in the outer catheter, and one end of the central cavity is formed by a third position on the side wall of the tracheal tube. Pass out the tracheal tube and connect it to the capped connector of the central cavity. The other end of the central cavity extends to the opening of the bronchial tube and is provided with a central cavity opening;

The outer wall of the central cavity is connected to the inner wall of the tracheal tube or the bronchial tube, and the central cavity is opposite to the side opening.

In a feasible implementation manner, the tracheal unilateral bronchial catheter further includes a bronchial cuff assembly, and the bronchial cuff assembly includes a bronchial cuff and a bronchial cuff inflation chamber;

The bronchial cuff is arranged on the bronchial tube. The bronchial cuff includes an inner balloon and an outer balloon. The inner balloon is arranged on the inner wall of the bronchial tube, and the outer balloon is arranged on the outer wall of the bronchial tube. peripheral surface;

The bronchial cuff inflation chamber is disposed in the tracheal tube and the bronchial tube. One end of the bronchial cuff inflation chamber is connected to the inner air bag and the outer air bag. The other end passes through the tracheal tube from the first position on the side wall of the tracheal tube.

In a feasible implementation manner, the bronchial cuff assembly further includes a connecting piece, the connecting piece is fixed on the inner wall of the bronchial tube, and the connecting piece is opposite to the side opening, and the center The cavity penetrates the connecting piece, and the inner airbag is fixed on the connecting piece.

In a feasible implementation, the tracheal unilateral bronchial tube further includes an X-ray opaque identification band, and the X-ray opaque identification band includes a first X-ray opaque identification band and a second X-ray opaque identification band. bring;

The first X-ray opaque identification band is disposed on the inner wall of the outer conduit, the first X-ray opaque identification band is located on the opposite side of the side opening, and one end of the first X-ray opaque identification band It terminates at the end of the endotracheal tube, and the other end of the first radiopaque identification band terminates at the opening of the bronchial tube;

The second X-ray opaque identification tape is disposed on the inner wall of the outer conduit, and the second X-ray opaque identification tape is located on the opposite side of the first X-ray opaque identification tape. One end of the X-ray identification tape terminates at the end of the tracheal tube, and the other end of the second X-ray impermeable identification tape terminates at the upper edge of the side opening.

In a feasible implementation, the tracheal unilateral bronchial tube is divided into a left tracheal bronchial tube and a right tracheal bronchial tube, and the left and right side tubes are different:

The outer balloon of the bronchial cuff is nearly spherical or ellipsoidal in the left bronchus of the trachea, and the symmetrical long axis of the outer balloon is perpendicular to the central axis of the bronchial tube; while the outer balloon is in the right bronchus of the trachea. The shape is abnormal, and the angle between the long axis of symmetry of the outer balloon and the central axis of the bronchial tube is less than 90°;

The angle between the bronchial tube and the tracheal tube is 130° on the left side of the trachea and 150° on the right side of the trachea. This angle is plastically fixed by the intubation guide wire and can be adjusted. ;

The bronchial tube on the left side of the trachea only has a distal bronchial tube opening, while the bronchial tube on the right side of the trachea has, in addition to a distal bronchial tube opening, on the opposite side of the side opening, the outer balloon is far and tightly connected. The external air bag is additionally provided with an opening for the right upper lobe bronchus;

The structure of the central cavity is different. In the left tracheal bronchial tube, the central cavity is a small lumen that penetrates the side wall of the tracheal tube and the side wall of the bronchial tube, and is provided with an opening at the distal opening; and On the right side of the trachea, the bronchial tube is provided with the bronchial opening of the right upper lobe of the lung, and the central cavity runs around the bronchial opening of the right upper lobe of the right lung at its corresponding position, and a plurality of openings of the right upper lobe bronchus are arranged in the surrounding area. The opening of the upper lobe bronchus of the lung corresponds to the opening of the upper lobe of the central cavity;

The first X-ray opaque identification band is different. In the left tracheal bronchial tube, the first X-ray opaque identification band is a strip accompanying the central cavity, while in the right tracheal bronchial tube, due to the There is an opening of the right upper lobe bronchus of the right lung, the central cavity runs around the corresponding position, and the first X-ray opaque marking band runs semi-circularly around the opening of the right upper lobe bronchus.

In a feasible implementation, the tracheal unilateral bronchial tube further includes an intubation connector, the intubation connector is detachable and is provided at the end of the endotracheal tube;

The intubation joint has a tracheal tube interface, a ventilator interface and an inspection entrance, and the tracheal tube interface is connected to the tracheal tube;

After the intubation connector is removed, the endotracheal tube can be directly connected to an external ventilator.

In a feasible implementation manner, the tracheal unilateral bronchial tube further includes a central cavity connection component, and the central cavity connection component includes a central cavity suction connector and a central cavity ventilator connector;

The tapered end of the central cavity aspirator connector is plugged into the central cavity capped connector;

The small hole end of the central cavity ventilator connector is plugged into the central cavity capped connector.

In a feasible implementation, the tracheal unilateral bronchial tube further includes a tracheal cuff assembly, the tracheal cuff assembly includes a tracheal cuff and a tracheal cuff inflation chamber, and the tracheal cuff is disposed on the trachea. On the outer wall of the catheter, the tracheal cuff inflation chamber is located in the tracheal tube. One end of the tracheal cuff inflation chamber is connected to the tracheal cuff, and the other end of the tracheal cuff inflation chamber is connected to the tracheal cuff. The second position of the side wall of the tracheal tube penetrates the tracheal tube.

In a feasible implementation manner, the tracheal unilateral bronchial tube is also provided with two depth marks. The two depth marks are arranged on the outer wall of the outer tube and are symmetrically arranged left and right, starting from two different places respectively. The X-ray mark starts from the opening of the bronchial tube, the upper edge of the side opening, and ends at the interface of the endotracheal tube.

The embodiment of the present application provides a tracheal unilateral bronchial tube. The outer tube is integrally formed by a tracheal tube and a bronchial tube. The central cavity is arranged in the wall of the outer catheter. The bronchial tube and the central cavity are partially inserted into the patient's side (left or Right side) Main bronchus; set a side opening at the connection between the tracheal tube and the bronchial tube, set the bronchial tube opening on the bronchial tube, set the central cavity opening on the central cavity, and set a bronchial cuff (including inner and outer) on the bronchial tube. two airbags);

A brief description of the intubation process: First, the patient's oral and nasal cavity and other ventilated tracheal tissues need to be inspected to rule out the presence of secretions or vomitus retained inside. Secondly, keep the patient's head tilted back so that the mouth, throat and trachea are on the same axis. The medical staff holds the endoscopic laryngoscope in one hand, slowly inserts it along the curvature of the back of the tongue, and gently lifts the patient's epiglottis cartilage to the base of the tongue. After exposing the glottis, the special catheter is inserted from the patient's oral or nasal cavity, and the tip of the catheter passes in front of the glottis. , the direction of the tip (end of the bronchus) is upward. When the tip of the catheter passes behind the glottis, remove the intubation guide stylet and rotate the catheter 90° so that the tip of the catheter points to the side bronchus to be inserted (if you select the left tracheal bronchial catheter, rotate the tip to the left or reverse hour hand rotates 90°). Then slowly feed the catheter, connect the ventilation catheter to the ventilator, and adjust the ventilator accordingly. After completion of intubation, auscultation, fiberoptic bronchoscopy or X-ray examination, etc. are required to ensure that the catheter is in the correct position. Inject an appropriate amount of gas into the tracheal cuff to prevent gas leakage during ventilator ventilation.

When the bronchial cuff is deflated and the endotracheal tube is ventilated, gas can enter the main bronchi on both sides of the patient through the side openings and the opening of the endotracheal tube, thereby achieving bilateral lung ventilation;

One-lung ventilation can be performed when the bronchial cuff is inflated. At this time, both the inner and outer air bags of the bronchial cuff are inflated. The inner air bag is inflated to seal the inside of the bronchial tube, and gas cannot pass through the tube into the side of the bronchial tube where the bronchial tube is located. The inflated external balloon seals the bronchial tube and the patient's main bronchus, preventing gas from flowing out of the tube into the main bronchus where the bronchial tube is located, thereby isolating the patient's lungs on that side and preventing the lungs on that side from Liquid secretions or blood flow into the opposite lung to prevent cross-infection and the spread of germs; at this time, if ventilated through the endotracheal tube, the gas will only enter the main bronchi of the patient's healthy side of the lung from the side opening, thereby achieving single lung on the designated side. ventilation;

During one-lung ventilation, if the central cavity is open, the diseased lung can be deflated, which is more conducive to collapse of the diseased lung and provides a better surgical field of vision. At the same time, the central cavity can also be connected to an aspirator to accelerate the collapse of the diseased lung. If necessary, the central cavity can also supply oxygen to provide a certain amount of oxygen supply support, or to achieve continuous positive airway pressure ventilation.

Compared with conventional double-lumen bronchial tubes, this application has some sacrifices in function, but it is more conducive to use by younger children. Compared with other single-lung ventilation that can be achieved in children, this application can be well fixed and is difficult to shift ( Other children's one-lung ventilation (such as bronchial obstruction and easy displacement) can be freely switched between bilateral lung ventilation and designated side one-lung ventilation. This application is suitable for patients with known pathological changes in one lung (left lung or right lung). Lung isolation or surgery that only requires ventilation of one lung during the operation (such as thoracoscopic surgery on one side, etc.).

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the human trachea and bronchi;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of conventional left double-lumen bronchial intubation;

Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the left tracheal bronchial tube provided by this application;

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the N1-N1 plane in Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a partial structural size comparison table of the left tracheal bronchial tube provided by this application;

Figure 6 is a front cross-sectional view of the left tracheal bronchial tube provided by this application;

Figure 7 is an enlarged view of the K1 area in Figure 6;

Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the central cavity connection assembly of the tracheal unilateral bronchial tube provided by the present application;

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the state in which the inner and outer balloons of the left tracheal bronchial tube inflated and blocked the left main bronchus provided by this application;

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the ventilable state of the left main bronchus when the inner and outer balloons of the left tracheal bronchial tube are deflated;

Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the right tracheal bronchial tube provided by this application;

Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of the N2-N2 plane in Figure 11;

Figure 13 is a partial structural size comparison table of the right tracheal bronchial tube provided by this application;

Figure 14 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the bronchial tube and central cavity structure of the right tracheal bronchial tube provided by this application;

Figure 15 is a front cross-sectional view of the right tracheal bronchial tube provided by this application;

Figure 16 is an enlarged view of the K2 area in Figure 15;

Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the state in which the inner and outer balloons of the right tracheal bronchial tube inflated and blocked the right main bronchus provided by this application;

Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the state in which the inner and outer balloons of the right tracheal bronchial tube are deflated and the right main bronchus can be ventilated.

Explanation of reference symbols:

100-tracheal tube; 200-bronchial tube; 300-central cavity; 400-bronchial cuff component; 500-tracheal cuff component; 600-X-ray impermeable identification tape; 700-intubation connector; 800-central cavity connection component ;

210-bronchial tube opening; 220-side opening; 230-right upper lobe bronchial opening (only the bronchial tube on the right side of the trachea); 310-central cavity opening; 320-central cavity capped connector; 330-upper lobe opening of the central cavity ( Bronchial tube on the right side of the trachea only); 410-bronchial cuff; 420-bronchial cuff inflation chamber; 430-connecting piece; 440-bronchial cuff pressure indicating balloon; 450-bronchial cuff check valve; 510-tracheal cuff Bag; 520-tracheal cuff inflation chamber; 530-tracheal cuff pressure indicating balloon; 540-tracheal cuff check valve; 610-first X-ray opaque identification tape; 620-second X-ray opaque identification tape ; 710-tracheal tube interface; 720-ventilator interface; 730-inspection entrance; 810-central cavity aspirator connector; 820-central cavity ventilator connector;

411-inner airbag; 412-outer airbag; 431-connection surface.

Detailed ways

In order to enable those in the technical field to better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described The embodiments are only some of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the human trachea and bronchi. Referring to Figure 1, in the figure: A is the main trachea, B is the right main bronchus, C is the right upper lobe bronchi, D is the left main bronchi, and E is the left upper lobe bronchi. From Figure 1, it can be seen that the right main bronchus B and The left main bronchus D has the following structural differences:

1. The angle α1 between the right main bronchus B and the main trachea A is greater than the angle α2 between the left main bronchus D and the main trachea A;

2. The length L1 of the right main bronchus B is much shorter than the length L2 of the left main bronchus D.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of conventional left double-lumen bronchial intubation. Referring to Figure 2, in the figure, F is the double-lumen tube, G is the right lung ventilation tube, H is the left lung ventilation tube, I is the bronchial intubation, J is the main tracheal cuff, K is the bronchial cuff, and the right lung ventilation tube is G. The left lung ventilation tube H is arranged side by side in the double-lumen tube F. The main tracheal cuff J is set on the double-lumen tube F, and the bronchial cuff K is set on the bronchial tube I. In order to ensure that the two lumens of the double-lumen tube F All can be ventilated, and the inner diameter of the cavity cannot be too small, thus limiting the diameter of the double-lumen tube F. When used on young children, because the trachea of young children is thin, conventional double-lumen bronchial intubation will cause certain damage to the trachea of young children. Injury, conventional double-lumen endobronchial intubation can only be used in children as young as 8 years old.

Example 1: Left tracheal bronchial tube

The present application provides a tracheal unilateral bronchial catheter that is suitable for use by young children and matches the structure of the left main bronchus of the human body, that is, the left tracheal bronchial catheter.

Referring to Figures 3-10, the left tracheal bronchial tube provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a tracheal tube 100 and a bronchial tube 200. The tracheal tube 100 and the bronchial tube 200 are integrally formed to form an outer catheter.

The endotracheal tube 100 is a medical straight hose. As shown in Figure 5, the endotracheal tube 100 model can be ID3.0~8.0. When used for treatment of adults or young children with thin tracheas, small diameter soft tubes can be selected according to the thickness of the trachea. Tube, for example, a 1-year-old child with normal tracheal development can use endotracheal tube model ID4.0; when used for adult treatment, a slightly larger diameter hose can be used, such as endotracheal tube model ID7.0~8.0, ID7 Endotracheal tubes ranging from .0 to 8.0 are suitable for almost all adults.

The bronchial tube 200 is a medical reducing tube. The tracheal tube 100 and the bronchial tube 200 are integrally formed to form an outer tube. The bronchial tube 200 has a large diameter end and a small diameter end. The large diameter end of the bronchial tube 200 is equal to the size of the tracheal tube 100. The large-diameter end of the catheter 200 is connected with the end of the tracheal tube 100. The small-diameter end of the bronchial tube 200 is provided with a bronchial tube opening 210. An intubation guide wire is provided in the outer catheter. The tracheal tube 100 and the bronchial tube 200 are passed through the intubation tube. The guide wire is plastically fixed at a certain included angle, and the included angle can be 130°. For example, during specific settings, the included angle between the bronchial tube 200 and the tracheal tube 100 can be plastically adjusted to 137°, 140°, or 145° according to the situation. The specific angle can be adjusted according to the patient's lung X-ray, so as to match the angle α2 between the patient's left main bronchus D and the main trachea A. A side opening 220 is provided at the connection between the endotracheal tube 100 and the bronchial tube 200 , the opening direction of the side opening 220 is toward the side away from the bronchial tube opening 210 .

As shown in Figures 5 and 7, L3 in Figure 7 represents the length of the left bronchial tube 200, and T1 in the figure represents the long diameter of the side opening 220. The length of the left bronchial tube 200 and the long diameter of the side opening 220 are both consistent with the trachea. The model of the catheter 100 matches. For example, the model of the endotracheal tube 100 is ID5.0, then the length of the left bronchial tube 200 is preferably 27 mm, and the long diameter of the side opening 220 is preferably 7 mm.

The left tracheal bronchial tube provided by this application uses a single-lumen tube to reduce the diameter of the intubation tube. Compared with the conventional double-lumen bronchial tube, although it has some sacrifices in function, it is more conducive to the use of younger children during intubation. , can effectively reduce damage to the trachea and bronchi of children;

At the same time, because the present invention is a single-lumen tube, when the large-diameter endotracheal tube is used in the present invention, it is thinner than the normal double-lumen bronchial intubation used by adults. Adults with tracheal stenosis cannot pass the conventional double-lumen bronchial intubation. This application is also applicable and can reduce the damage caused to patients by conventional double-lumen bronchial intubation due to large-diameter intubation.

Adjust the angle between the bronchial tube 200 and the endotracheal tube 100 through the intubation guide wire, and adjust the angle to about 130°, for example, 137°, 140° or 145°, etc., so as to be in contact with the patient's left main bronchus D and The included angle α2 of the main trachea A is matched to facilitate the insertion of the left tracheal bronchus.

Referring to Figures 6 and 7, in some embodiments, the left tracheal bronchial tube further includes a central cavity 300. The central cavity 300 is a thin and hard medical tube. The central cavity 300 is disposed in the endotracheal tube 100 and the bronchial tube 200. The lumen 300 is fixed on the inner wall of the bronchial tube 200. One end of the central lumen 300 passes out of the tracheal tube 100 at the third position c on the side wall of the tracheal tube 100. The central lumen 300 has a certain margin after passing through the tracheal tube 100 and is connected to the center. The lumen capped connector 320 is connected, and the other end of the central lumen 300 extends to the bronchial tube opening 210, where the central lumen opening 310 is provided.

Continuing to refer to Figures 6 and 7, in some embodiments, the left tracheal endobronchial tube further includes a bronchial cuff assembly 400. The bronchial cuff assembly 400 includes a bronchial cuff 410 and a bronchial cuff inflation chamber 420. The bronchial cuff 410 is arranged on the bronchial tube 200, and the bronchial cuff 410 includes an inner balloon 411 and an outer balloon 412;

The inner balloon 411 is disposed on the inner wall of the bronchial tube 200. When the inner balloon 411 is inflated, the outer wall of the inner balloon 411 fits the inner wall of the bronchial tube 200, thereby sealing the bronchial tube 200 and preventing gas from entering the left lung from the catheter during ventilation (implementation Right one-lung ventilation); on the contrary, when the inner air bag 411 deflates, the outer wall of the inner air bag 411 separates from the inner wall of the bronchial tube 200, thereby making the bronchial tube 200 unobstructed, and then allowing the gas to enter the left lung from the bronchial tube 200 (realizing bilateral lung ventilation);

The outer balloon 412 is disposed around the outer wall of the bronchial tube 200. When the outer balloon 412 is inflated, the outer wall of the outer balloon 412 fits the inner wall of the patient's left main bronchus, thereby sealing the space between the bronchial tube 200 and the patient's left main bronchus. The bronchial tube 200 is stably fixed to avoid displacement and prevent gas from entering the left lung from outside the tube during ventilation (to achieve right one-lung ventilation); conversely, when the outer air bag 412 deflates, the outer air bag 412 is in contact with the inner wall of the patient's left main bronchus Separate to facilitate the insertion or withdrawal of the bronchial tube 200 into the patient's left main bronchus;

The bronchial cuff inflation chamber 420 is disposed in the endotracheal tube 100 and the bronchial tube 200 , and the outer wall of the bronchial cuff inflation chamber 420 is fixedly connected to the inner walls of the endotracheal tube 100 and the bronchial tube 200 . One end of the bronchial cuff inflation chamber 420 is connected with the inner air bag 411 and the outer air bag 412. The bronchial cuff inflation chamber 420 inflates or deflates the inner air bag 411 and the outer air bag 412, that is, the inner air bag 411 and the outer air bag 412 are inflated or deflated simultaneously. Deflated. The other end of the bronchial cuff inflation chamber 420 passes out of the tracheal tube 100 from the first position a on the side wall of the tracheal tube 100. The bronchial cuff inflation chamber 420 has a certain margin after passing out of the tracheal tube 100.

By setting a side opening 220 at the connection between the endotracheal tube 100 and the bronchial tube 200, a bronchial tube opening 210 on the bronchial tube 200, a central cavity opening 310 on the central cavity 300, and a bronchial cuff 410 on the bronchial tube 200;

After inserting the left tracheal bronchial tube of the present application (see above for process description), inflate the tracheal cuff 510 and then fix the left tracheal bronchial tube through fiberbronchial inspection and positioning (recommended) or auscultation. When the bronchial cuff 410 is deflated and the air is ventilated through the endotracheal tube 100, the gas can enter the patient's right main bronchus through the side opening and enter the patient's left main bronchus through the endobronchial tube 200, that is, bilateral lung ventilation (as shown in Figure 10);

As shown in Figures 7 and 9, when the bronchial cuff 410 is inflated, that is, the inner air bag 411 and the outer air bag 412 are inflated, the inner air bag 411 is inflated to seal the inside of the bronchial tube 200, and the outer air bag 412 is inflated to make the outside of the bronchial tube 200 in contact with the patient's left main artery. The bronchi are closed to achieve one-lung ventilation on the right side. This operation can also isolate the patient's left lung (the diseased side lung), prevent liquid secretions from flowing into the healthy lung, and prevent cross-infection and the spread of germs; at this time, if the endotracheal tube is used Ventilation, the input gas through this application will only enter the patient's right main bronchus through the side opening, thereby achieving one-lung ventilation (right lung ventilation);

As shown in Figures 7 and 9, during single-lung ventilation of the right lung, opening the central cavity 300 can deflate the left lung (non-ventilated side lung), which is more conducive to collapse of the left lung and provides a better surgical field of view. At the same time, the central cavity can also be connected to an aspirator to accelerate the collapse of the left lung. If necessary, the central cavity 300 can also supply oxygen to provide certain oxygen supply support, or achieve continuous positive airway pressure ventilation, thereby reducing the occurrence of hypoxemia.

As shown in Figure 7, when the bronchial cuff 410 is inflated, the outer wall of the inner balloon 411 fits the inner wall of the bronchial tube 200, and the outer wall of the outer balloon 412 fits the inner wall of the patient's left main bronchus, thereby making the bronchial tube 200 stable. Fixed to avoid shifting. On the contrary, when the bronchial cuff 410 is deflated, the outer balloon 412 is separated from the inner wall of the patient's left main bronchus, thereby facilitating the insertion or withdrawal of the bronchial tube 200 into the patient's left main bronchus.

Compared with the conventional double-lumen bronchial tube, this application has some sacrifices in function. It cannot switch between one-lung ventilation and double-lung ventilation on any side. It can only realize one-lung ventilation and double-lung ventilation on the designated side (right side). switch between. However, this application is more suitable for use by younger children. Compared with other one-lung ventilations that can be achieved in children, this application can be well fixed and difficult to shift (other one-lung ventilations in children are easy to shift due to bronchial blockage).

Referring to Figures 3 and 4, in other examples, the external balloon is ellipsoidal or approximately spherical, and the symmetry axis of the external balloon is perpendicular to the central axis of the bronchial tube, that is, the symmetrical axis of the external balloon is perpendicular to the central axis of the bronchial tube. The included angle is 90°. Since the left main bronchus D has a certain length, a conventional nearly spherical balloon can be fixed in the left main bronchus D.

Referring to Figures 4 and 7, in other examples, the bronchial cuff assembly 400 may also include a connecting piece 430. The connecting piece 430 can be a medical silicone sheet and can be bent to a certain extent. One side of the connecting piece 430 is connected to the bronchus. The inner wall of the catheter 200 matches the arc surface, and the other side can be a square plane. The connecting piece 430 is arranged on the inner wall of the bronchial tube 200. The connecting piece 430 is opposite to the side opening 220. The connecting piece 430 is located between the side opening 220 and the bronchial tube opening 210. Between them, the central cavity 300 penetrates the connecting piece 430;

The bronchial cuff 410 is disposed at the connecting piece 430 of the bronchial tube 200. The inner air bag 411 can be an ellipsoidal air bag. The inner air bag 411 is disposed on a square plane of the connecting piece 430. The open end of the inner air bag 411 is square to the connecting piece 430. The ends of the plane are fixedly connected. When the inner air bag 411 is inflated toward the side away from the connecting piece 430, the outer wall of the inner air bag 411 fits the inner wall of the bronchial tube 200, thereby closing the bronchial tube 200; conversely, when the inner air bag 411 deflates, the inner air bag 411 deflates. The outer wall of 411 is separated from the inner wall of the bronchial tube 200, thereby making the bronchial tube 200 unobstructed.

A connecting surface 431 is provided on the outer wall of the connecting piece 430 toward the central axis of the bronchial tube 200. The connecting surface 431 can be a flat surface or a curved surface, preferably a flat surface. The width-direction end of the connecting surface 431 of the connecting piece 430 is connected to the inner wall of the bronchial tube 200. connection, the inner airbag 411 is disposed on the connecting surface 431 of the connecting piece 430, and the open end of the inner airbag 411 is connected to the end of the connecting surface 431 of the connecting piece 430, thereby ensuring that the inner airbag 411 can fill the bronchial tube 200 and There is no dead space in all the gaps between the connecting pieces 430, thereby ensuring the sealing performance of the bronchial tube 200.

Referring to Figure 3, in some other examples, the outer wall of the outer conduit is provided with depth marks. Two depth marks are symmetrically provided on the outer wall of the outer conduit. The two depth marks respectively start from two X-ray opaque marks, namely Starting from the bronchial tube opening 210 and the upper edge of the side opening 220, and ending at the tracheal tube interface 710, the depth mark can indicate the depth of the intubation (ie, the depth of the two openings of the tracheobronchial tube), which is convenient for positioning, fixing, and Then adjust the position for reference.

Referring to Figure 6, in other examples, the left tracheal bronchial tube may further include a tracheal cuff assembly 500. The tracheal cuff assembly 500 includes a tracheal cuff 510 and a tracheal cuff inflation chamber 520. The tracheal cuff 510 is disposed on On the outer wall of the tracheal tube 100, the tracheal cuff 510 is an annular air bag. When the tracheal cuff 510 is inflated, the outer wall of the tracheal cuff 510 fits the inner wall of the patient's main trachea, thereby fixing the tracheal tube 100 and preventing the tracheal cuff from being transported through the catheter. The incoming gas leaks to ensure effective ventilation; on the contrary, when the tracheal cuff 510 is deflated and the tracheal cuff 510 is separated from the inner wall of the patient's main trachea, intubation, extubation or adjustment of the position of the tracheobronchial tube can be performed;

The tracheal cuff inflation chamber 520 is located in the endotracheal tube 100. One end of the tracheal cuff inflation chamber 520 is connected with the tracheal cuff 510, and the other end of the tracheal cuff inflation chamber 520 is penetrated by the second position b of the side wall of the tracheal tube 100. After exiting the tracheal tube 100, the tracheal cuff inflation chamber 520 has a certain margin;

The tracheal cuff assembly 500 may also include a tracheal cuff pressure indicating balloon 530 and a tracheal cuff check valve 540. The tracheal cuff pressure indicating balloon 530 is a balloon that can indicate air pressure. The tracheal cuff pressure indicating balloon 530 Both ends are provided with air holes. One end air hole of the tracheal cuff pressure indicating balloon 530 is connected to the outer end of the tracheal cuff inflation chamber 520. The other end air hole of the tracheal cuff pressure indicating balloon 530 is connected to the tracheal cuff check valve. 540 is connected, and the tracheal cuff check valve 540 is an inflatable and deflated valve. When the syringe is connected to the check valve and tightened inward, the tracheal cuff can be inflated as needed. At this time, after taking away the syringe , the gas inside the tracheal cuff is stored in the cuff, keeping the inside of the tracheal cuff filled with gas. Similarly, when it is necessary to deflate the tracheal cuff, connect the syringe to the check valve and tighten it inward to evacuate the gas inside the tracheal cuff. At this time, after taking away the syringe, the gas inside the tracheal cuff will be evacuated. , which can keep the tracheal cuff in a deflated state.

The tracheal cuff 510 and the bronchial cuff outer balloon 412 are both high-volume and low-pressure balloons.

Continuing to refer to FIG. 6 , in other examples, the bronchial cuff assembly 400 further includes a bronchial cuff pressure indicating balloon 440 and a bronchial cuff check valve 450 . The bronchial cuff pressure indicating balloon 440 is capable of indicating air pressure. The balloon, the bronchial cuff pressure indicating balloon 440 is provided with air holes at both ends. The air hole at one end of the bronchial cuff pressure indicating balloon 440 is connected with the outer end of the bronchial cuff inflation chamber 420. The bronchial cuff pressure indicating balloon The other end air hole of 440 is connected with the bronchial cuff check valve 450. When the bronchial cuff pressure indicating balloon 440 is inflated through the bronchial cuff check valve 450, the inner air bag 411 and the outer air bag 412 can be inflated simultaneously. Ensure the sealing of the bronchial cuff 410; when deflated through the bronchial cuff check valve 450, the bronchial cuff 410 can be deflated, so that the inner air bag 411 and the outer air bag 412 deflate simultaneously under the action of their own elasticity.

When setting, the distance between the first position a, the second position b and the third position c and the side opening 220 gradually increases, and the first position a, the second position b and the third position c are all located in the trachea. The inclined side of the catheter 100 is close to the bronchial tube 200, so that it is convenient to observe the insertion direction of the bronchial tube 200. That is, for the left side of the tracheal bronchial tube, the first position a, the second position b and the third position c are all located on the left side of the tracheal tube 100. side.

Continuing to refer to FIG. 6 , in other examples, the tracheal unilateral bronchial tube further includes an intubation connector 700 . The intubation connector 700 has an endotracheal tube interface 710 , a ventilator interface 720 and an inspection inlet 730 . The endotracheal tube interface 710 is connected to the tracheal tube. The catheter 100 is fixedly connected or detachably connected. The ventilator interface 720 is used to connect an external ventilator. The inspection inlet 730 is provided with a protective cap. The inspection inlet 730 is used for fiberoptic bronchoscopy, suction, etc. When in use, the intubation connector 700 can be used to facilitate the completion of fiberoptic bronchoscopy after the intubation connection is completed to confirm the correct position of the intubation; after it is completely fixed, the intubation connector 700 can be removed and the catheter is directly connected to the ventilator, which is suitable for infants. For young children and very low birth weight patients, removing the intubation connector 700 can reduce ventilation dead space.

Referring to Figures 6 and 7, in other examples, the left tracheal bronchial tube further includes an X-ray opaque identification tape 600. The X-ray opaque identification tape 600 is a strip-shaped X-ray opaque polymer and is opaque. The X-ray identification tape is arranged on the inner wall of the endotracheal tube 100 and the bronchial tube 200, or is embedded in the inner wall of the endotracheal tube 100 and the bronchial tube 200. The X-ray opaque identification tape 600 includes a first X-ray opaque identification tape 610 and a second opaque identification tape 610. X-ray identification tape 620;

The first X-ray opaque identification band 610 is disposed on the inner wall of the outer tube. The first X-ray opaque identification band 610 is located on the opposite side of the side opening 220 . One end of the first X-ray opaque identification band 610 is located at the end of the endotracheal tube 100 The other end of the first X-ray opaque identification band 610 terminates at the bronchial tube opening 210;

The second X-ray opaque identification band 620 is disposed on the inner wall of the outer catheter. The second X-ray opaque identification band 620 is located on the opposite side of the first X-ray opaque identification band 610 . One end of the second X-ray opaque identification band 620 The end of the endotracheal tube 100 is terminated, and the other end of the second X-ray opaque identification band 620 is located at the upper edge of the side opening 220. During treatment, through X-ray irradiation, according to the first X-ray opaque identification band 610 and the second X-ray opaque identification tape 620, the specific positions of the tracheal tube 100, the bronchial tube 200 and the side opening 220 in the patient's body can be intuitively seen. Combined with the position of the patient's trachea and bronchi, it is convenient to accurately position or Adjust position.

Referring to Figure 8, in some other examples, the tracheal unilateral bronchial tube further includes a central cavity connection assembly 800. The central cavity connection assembly 800 includes a central cavity suction connector 810 and a central cavity ventilator connector 820. The central cavity suction connector The tapered end of 810 is plugged into the central cavity capped connector 320, and the other end of the central cavity suction device connector 810 is connected to an external suction device, which facilitates the collapse of the non-ventilated side lung during single lung ventilation, thereby facilitating surgical operation; the central cavity ventilator connector The small hole end of 820 is plugged into the central cavity capped connector 320, and the other end of the central cavity ventilator connector 820 is connected to an external ventilator for oxygen supply or simple continuous positive pressure oxygen supply, thereby reducing hypoxemia during one-lung ventilation. occur.

Referring to Figure 9, the direction of the arrow in the figure indicates the direction of airflow. At this time, the tracheal cuff 510 is inflated, the endotracheal tube 100 is fixed in the patient's main trachea, the bronchial cuff 410 is inflated, the bronchial tube 200 is closed, and the patient's left main bronchus closed; closed

When the ventilator interface 720 is connected to an external ventilator for ventilation, the gas will only enter the patient's right main bronchus through the side opening 220, thereby realizing one-lung ventilation (right lung ventilation). At this time, the left lung (left lung) can be ventilated through the central cavity 300. The diseased lung) is treated with air extraction, oxygen administration, and continuous positive airway pressure ventilation. Inflating the bronchial cuff 410 can isolate the left lung on the diseased side, thereby preventing liquid secretions from flowing into the healthy right lung and preventing cross-infection and the spread of germs.

When both lungs are required to be ventilated, refer to Figure 10. The direction of the arrow in the figure indicates the direction of air flow. At this time, the tracheal cuff 510 is inflated, and the outer wall of the tracheal cuff 510 fits the inner wall of the patient's main trachea to prevent air leakage. That is to prevent gas from overflowing the airway, the tracheal tube 100 is fixed in the patient's main trachea; the central cavity capped interface 320 is closed; the bronchial cuff 410 is deflated, the bronchial tube 200 is unblocked, and both the left and right main bronchi of the patient are unblocked (that is, both lungs are realized) ventilation);

When the ventilator interface 720 is connected to an external ventilator for ventilation, gas can enter the left and right main bronchi of the patient through the side openings 220 and the bronchial tube opening 210, thereby achieving double lung ventilation.

Compared with conventional double-lumen bronchial tubes, this application has some sacrifices in functionality. However, it is more suitable for younger children. Compared with other one-lung ventilations that can be achieved in children, this application can be well fixed and difficult to shift (other one-lung ventilations in children are easy to shift due to bronchial blockage). This application can be switched at will between bilateral lung ventilation and one-lung ventilation on one side (right side).

Example 2: Bronchial tube on the right side of the trachea

This application also provides a tracheal unilateral bronchial tube that is suitable for use by young children and is used to achieve left one-lung ventilation, that is, the right tracheal bronchial tube.

Referring to Figure 8 and Figures 11-18, except for the different orientations of the bronchial tube 200 and the side opening 220, the other differences between the right tracheal bronchial tube and the left tracheal bronchial tube are:

1. The position and shape of the bronchial cuff 410 in the bronchial tube 200 are different.

The bronchial cuff outer balloon 412 of the bronchial tube on the left side of the trachea is an ellipsoid or approximately spherical with the axis of symmetry perpendicularly intersecting the bronchial tube 200 (as shown in Figures 3, 6, and 7); while the bronchial cuff of the bronchial tube on the right side of the trachea The external balloon 412 is an approximately ellipsoid-shaped special-shaped balloon, and its long axis of symmetry is at a certain angle with the bronchial tube 200 (as shown in Figures 11, 15, and 16). The angle between the central axis is less than 90°. The reason for this design is to consider the differences in normal human anatomy: the length L1 of the right main bronchus B is much shorter than the length L2 of the left main bronchus D (see Figure 1). For the left main bronchus D, because it has a certain length, a conventional near-spherical balloon can be fixed in the left main bronchus D, while the right main bronchus B is shorter in length. If a conventional near-spherical balloon is still used, it will either easily block the right lung. The upper lobe bronchus is either prone to displacement and may enter the main trachea A or block the right upper lobe bronchus C. Therefore, the outer balloon 412 of the bronchial tube on the right side of the trachea is a special shaped balloon (as shown in Figures 11, 15, and 16).

2. The tracheal tube 100 and the bronchial tube 200 form different angles.

As before, the angle between the tracheal tube 100 and the bronchial tube 200 of the left tracheal bronchial tube is 130°, which can be fine-tuned; refer to Figure 11, when using the right tracheal bronchial tube for left one-lung ventilation, guide it through the intubation The guide wire adjusts the angle between the tracheal tube 100 and the bronchial tube 200. The angle is about 150° and can be fine-tuned. For example, the angle can be adjusted to a suitable angle such as 145°, 155° or 160°. The specific angle can be Adjust according to the patient's lung X-ray to roughly match the angle α1 between the patient's right main bronchus B and main trachea A.

3. The bronchial end openings are different.

The bronchial tube 200 of the left side of the trachea only has one opening at the distal end, that is, the bronchial tube opening 210; the bronchial tube 200 of the right side of the tracheal bronchial tube has, in addition to the distal bronchial tube opening 210, on the opposite side of the side opening 220, and the outer balloon 412 There is also an additional right upper lobe bronchial opening 230 distal to and close to the outer airbag 412 (see Figures 15 and 16).

4. The structure of the central cavity 300 is different.

The central cavity 300 is provided with an annular portion corresponding to the position of the right lung upper lobe bronchial opening 230. The annular portion is provided with a plurality of central cavity upper lobe openings 330. As shown in Figure 14, there are six central cavity upper lobe openings 330. The six central cavity upper lobe openings 330 are evenly distributed in an annular shape. Other numbers of central cavity upper lobe openings 330 can also be provided according to actual needs or different models. At least part of the central cavity upper lobe openings 330 is located at the right lung upper lobe bronchial opening. 230, preferably, the entire area of several upper lobe openings 330 of the central cavity is located exactly within the bronchial opening 230 of the upper lobe of the right lung, that is, the bronchial tube 200 does not block the upper lobe opening 330 of the central cavity, so that it is easier to pass through the central cavity during single lung ventilation. The cavity attracts the right bronchus, including the upper lobe of the right lung, to accelerate the collapse of the right lung. If necessary, it can also supply oxygen to the right bronchus, including the upper lobe of the right lung, through the central cavity or achieve continuous positive airway pressure ventilation;

When both lungs are ventilated, gas can enter the patient's right upper lobe bronchus through the right upper lobe bronchial opening 230;

When the left lung (ventilated side lung) is being ventilated alone, the right lung (non-ventilated side lung) can be pumped, oxygenated, continuous positive airway pressure ventilation and other treatments can be performed through the central cavity through the opening 330 of the upper lobe of the central cavity. Suction the upper lobe bronchus of the patient's right lung.

Referring to Figures 13 and 16, R in Figure 16 represents the long diameter of the right upper lobe bronchial opening 230, and L4 represents the distance between the center of the right upper lobe bronchial opening 230 and either end of the right bronchial tube 200, then two L4 represents the length of the right bronchial tube 200, T2 represents the long diameter of the side opening 220 of the right bronchial tube 200, the length of the right bronchial tube 200, the long diameter of the side opening 220, and the long diameter of the bronchial opening 230 of the right upper lobe of the lung. All match the model of the tracheal tube 100. For example, the model of the tracheal tube 100 is ID6.0, then the length of the right bronchial tube 200 is preferably 30 mm, the long diameter of the side opening 220 is preferably 9 mm, and the right upper lobe bronchial opening 230 is preferably 30 mm. The long diameter is preferably 4.5mm;

5. The first X-ray opaque logo is different.

Referring to Figure 14, the first X-ray opaque identification band 610 is disposed on the inner wall of the outer catheter. The first X-ray opaque identification band 610 is located on the opposite side of the side opening 220. One end of the first X-ray opaque identification band 610 It terminates at the end of the tracheal tube 100, and the other end of the first X-ray opaque marking band 610 terminates at the bronchial tube opening 210. The first The corresponding arc segment, the arc segment of the first X-ray opaque identification band 610 surrounds either side of the bronchial opening 230 of the upper lobe of the right lung. As shown in Figure 14, the first X-ray opaque identification band 610 is basically along the Running next to the central cavity 300, the first X-ray opaque marker band 610 of the right tracheal bronchial tube is generally consistent with the course of the central cavity, but it is different from the central cavity 300 at the bronchial opening 230 of the right upper lobe of the lung. The first X-ray opaque marker is The band 610 only partially surrounds the right upper lobe bronchial opening 230.

Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the state in which the outer balloon of the right tracheal bronchial tube inflated and blocked the left main bronchus provided by the present application. Refer to Figure 17. The direction of the arrow in the figure represents the direction of the air flow. At this time, the tracheal cuff 510 is inflated, and the tracheal cuff 510 is inflated. The catheter 100 is fixed in the patient's main trachea, the bronchial cuff 410 is inflated, the bronchial tube 200 is sealed, and the patient's right main bronchus is sealed;

When the ventilator interface 720 is connected to an external ventilator for ventilation, the gas will only enter the patient's left main bronchus through the side opening 220 , thereby achieving one-lung ventilation (left lung ventilation). At this time, the right lung can be operated through the central cavity 300 For treatments such as air extraction, oxygen administration, and continuous positive airway pressure, the inflated bronchial cuff 410 can also isolate the right diseased lung, prevent liquid secretions from flowing into the healthy left lung, and prevent cross-infection and the spread of germs.

Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the deflated state of the external air bag of the right tracheal bronchial tube provided by this application. Refer to Figure 18. The direction of the arrow in the figure indicates the direction of air flow. At this time, the tracheal cuff 510 is inflated, and the outer wall of the tracheal cuff 510 It fits the inner wall of the patient's main trachea to prevent air leakage, that is, prevent gas from overflowing the airway. The endotracheal tube 100 is fixed in the patient's main trachea; the central cavity capped interface 320 is closed; the bronchial cuff 410 is deflated, and the bronchial tube 200 Unobstructed, both the patient's left and right main bronchi are unobstructed (bilateral lung ventilation);

When the ventilator interface 720 is connected to an external ventilator for ventilation, gas can enter the patient's left and right bronchi through the side opening 220, the bronchial tube opening 210 and the right upper lobe bronchus opening 230, thereby achieving double lung ventilation.

Compared with conventional double-lumen bronchial tubes, this application has some sacrifices in functionality. However, it is more suitable for younger children. Compared with other one-lung ventilations that can be achieved in children, this application can be well fixed and difficult to shift (other one-lung ventilations in children are easy to shift due to bronchial blockage). Can be switched at will between bilateral lung ventilation and one-lung ventilation on one side (left side).

It should be noted here that the numerical values and numerical ranges involved in the embodiments of this application are approximate values. Affected by the manufacturing process, there may be a certain range of errors. Those skilled in the art can consider these errors to be ignored.

It is easy to understand that, based on the several embodiments provided in this application, those skilled in the art can combine, split, recombine, etc. the embodiments of this application to obtain other embodiments, and these embodiments do not exceed the scope of this application. protected range.

The above specific implementation modes further describe the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present application in detail. It should be understood that the above are only specific implementation modes of the embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made based on the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims (7)

1. A tracheal unilateral bronchial tube, characterized by: including; endotracheal tube(100); Bronchial tube (200), the tracheal tube (100) and the bronchial tube (200) are integrally formed to form an outer tube, the tracheal tube (100) and the bronchial tube (200) are connected, and the tracheal tube (100) and the bronchial tube (200) are connected. The bronchial tube (200) is shaped and fixed at a certain angle by an intubation guide wire. The end of the bronchial tube (200) is provided with a bronchial tube opening (210). The tracheal tube (100) is connected to the bronchus. A side opening (220) is provided at the connection point of the catheter (200). The side opening (220) is located on the opposite side of the bronchial tube (200). The opening direction of the side opening (220) is oriented away from the opening of the bronchial tube (200). 210) side; Central cavity (300), the central cavity (300) is arranged in the outer catheter, and one end of the central cavity (300) passes through the endotracheal tube at a third position on the side wall of the endotracheal tube (100). (100) and is connected to the central cavity capped connector (320). The other end of the central cavity (300) extends to the bronchial tube opening (210) and is provided with a central cavity opening (310). The outer wall of the central cavity (300) is connected to the inner wall of the tracheal tube (100) or the bronchial tube (200), and the central cavity (300) is opposite to the side opening (220); Bronchial cuff assembly (400). The bronchial cuff assembly (400) includes a bronchial cuff (410), a bronchial cuff inflation chamber (420) and a connecting piece (430). The connecting piece (430) is fixed on The inner wall of the bronchial tube (200) and the connecting piece (430) are opposite to the side opening (220). The central cavity (300) penetrates the connecting piece (430). The bronchial cuff The bag (410) is arranged on the bronchial tube (200). The bronchial cuff (410) includes an inner balloon (411) and an outer balloon (412). The inner balloon (411) is fixed on the connecting piece. (430), the outer airbag (412) is arranged on the outer wall surface of the bronchial catheter (200), the bronchial cuff inflation chamber (420) is arranged in the outer catheter, and the bronchial cuff is inflated One end of the cavity (420) is connected to the inner air bag (411) and the outer air bag (412), and the other end of the bronchial cuff inflation cavity (420) is connected to the third end of the side wall of the endotracheal tube (100). Pass out the tracheal tube (100) at one position; The unilateral tracheal bronchial tube is divided into a left tracheal bronchial tube and a right tracheal bronchial tube, and the left and right side tubes are different: The bronchial tube (200) on the left side of the trachea only has a distal bronchial tube opening (210), while on the right side of the trachea, in addition to the distal bronchial tube opening (210), the bronchial tube has an opening on the side. (220) On the opposite side, there is an additional right upper lobe bronchial opening (230) distal to and close to the outer airbag (412); The structure of the central cavity (300) is different. In the left tracheal bronchial tube, the central cavity (300) is a small lumen that penetrates the side wall of the tracheal tube (100) and the side wall of the bronchial tube (200). , and an opening (310) is provided at the distal opening (210); and in the right bronchial tube of the trachea, since the right upper lobe bronchial opening (230) is provided, the central cavity (300) is located in its corresponding The position is to surround the right upper lobe bronchial opening (230), and multiple central cavity upper lobe openings (330) corresponding to the right upper lobe bronchial opening (230) are provided in the surrounding area. 2. The tracheal unilateral bronchial catheter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tracheal unilateral bronchial catheter further includes: X-ray opaque identification tape (600), the X-ray opaque identification tape (600) includes a first X-ray opaque identification tape (610) and a second X-ray opaque identification tape (620); The first X-ray opaque identification band (610) is disposed on the inner wall of the outer conduit, and the first X-ray opaque identification band (610) is located on the opposite side of the side opening (220) and is connected to the side opening (220). As the central cavity (300) travels, one end of the first X-ray opaque identification band (610) terminates at the end of the endotracheal tube (100), and the other end of the first X-ray opaque identification band (610) terminates at the opening of the bronchial tube (210); The second X-ray opaque identification band (620) is disposed on the inner wall of the outer catheter, and the second X-ray opaque identification band (620) is located on the first X-ray opaque identification band (610). On the opposite side, one end of the second X-ray opaque identification band (620) terminates at the end of the endotracheal tube (100), and the other end of the second X-ray opaque identification band (620) is located at the side opening (220). ) terminates at the upper edge. 3. The tracheal unilateral bronchial tube according to claim 2, characterized in that: The left tracheal endobronchial tube and the right tracheal endobronchial tube also have the following differences; The outer balloon (412) of the bronchial cuff (410) is nearly spherical or ellipsoidal in the left bronchus of the trachea, and the symmetrical long axis of the outer balloon (412) is aligned with the central axis of the bronchial tube (200). Vertical; and the external balloon (412) is shaped in the right bronchus of the trachea, and the angle between the long axis of symmetry of the external balloon (412) and the central axis of the bronchial tube (200) is less than 90°; The angle between the bronchial tube (200) and the tracheal tube (100) is 130° on the left side of the trachea and 150° on the right side of the trachea. This angle is plastically formed by the intubation guide wire. Fixed and adjustable; The first X-ray opaque identification band (610) is different. In the left tracheal bronchial tube, the first X-ray opaque identification band (610) is a strip accompanying the central cavity (300), while in the left tracheal bronchial tube In the bronchial tube on the right side of the trachea, since the right upper lobe bronchial opening (230) is provided, the central cavity (300) runs around at its corresponding position, and the first X-ray opaque marking band (610) It runs half around the bronchial opening (230) of the upper lobe of the right lung. 4. The tracheal unilateral bronchial catheter according to claim 3, characterized in that: the tracheal unilateral bronchial catheter further includes: Intubation connector (700), the intubation connector (700) is detachably provided at the end of the endotracheal tube (100); The intubation joint (700) has a tracheal tube interface (710), a ventilator interface (720) and an inspection inlet (730), and the tracheal tube interface (710) is connected to the tracheal tube (100); After the intubation connector (700) is removed, the endotracheal tube (100) can be directly connected to an external ventilator. 5. The tracheal unilateral bronchial tube according to claim 4, further comprising: A central cavity connection assembly (800), which includes a central cavity aspirator connector (810) and a central cavity ventilator connector (820); The tapered end of the central cavity aspirator connector (810) is plugged into the central cavity capped connector (320); The small hole end of the central cavity ventilator connector (820) is plugged into the central cavity capped connector (320). 6. The tracheal unilateral bronchial tube according to claim 5, further comprising: Tracheal cuff assembly (500). The tracheal cuff assembly (500) includes a tracheal cuff (510) and a tracheal cuff inflation chamber (520). The tracheal cuff (510) is arranged on the tracheal tube (100). ), the tracheal cuff inflation cavity (520) is located in the tracheal tube (100), and one end of the tracheal cuff inflation cavity (520) is connected with the tracheal cuff (510), The other end of the tracheal cuff inflation chamber (520) passes through the tracheal tube (100) at a second position on the side wall of the tracheal tube (100). 7. The tracheal unilateral bronchial tube according to claim 6, further comprising: Two depth marks. The two depth marks are both arranged on the outer wall of the outer catheter and are arranged symmetrically left and right. The two depth marks respectively start from two X-ray impermeable marking bands, that is, respectively start from the bronchial tube. opening (210), and the upper edge of the side opening (220), and terminates at the endotracheal tube interface (710).