CN115566321A - Dynamic load balancing electric automobile power distribution system - Google Patents
Dynamic load balancing electric automobile power distribution system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115566321A CN115566321A CN202211407045.1A CN202211407045A CN115566321A CN 115566321 A CN115566321 A CN 115566321A CN 202211407045 A CN202211407045 A CN 202211407045A CN 115566321 A CN115566321 A CN 115566321A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
- H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of automobile power batteries. The purpose is to provide a dynamic load balancing electric automobile power distribution system, which comprises a power battery pack; the power battery pack is provided with an air-cooled heat exchange channel and a liquid-cooled heat exchange channel; the liquid cooling heat exchange passage comprises a main return pipe, a main cooling liquid storage tank, a liquid cooling circulating pump and a liquid cooling branch pipe, wherein the main return pipe is communicated with the main return pipe; the head end of the air-cooled heat exchange channel is communicated with the outside atmosphere, and the air path branch pipe at the tail end of the air-cooled heat exchange channel is sequentially communicated with the air path main pipe and the fan to form an air-cooled flow channel. The battery pack has the advantages that the air cooling and liquid cooling dual-mode heat dissipation is realized, the air cooling mode and the liquid cooling mode can be flexibly selected according to the actual conditions of each group of battery units in the battery pack, the actual use working conditions such as air temperature and the like, the heat balance requirement is met, and meanwhile, the reasonable control on the heat balance power consumption is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automobile power batteries, in particular to a dynamic load balancing electric automobile power distribution system.
Background
The power battery is one of the core components of the electric automobile, and the working stability and safety of the power battery play an important role in the operation of the electric automobile. At present, a traditional battery for an electric vehicle is generally assembled by a plurality of single small batteries in a series-parallel connection mode to form a battery pack, and then the battery pack supplies power to a motor of the electric vehicle to drive the electric vehicle to run. As is known, a large amount of heat is released from a battery unit of an electric vehicle during charging and discharging processes, load balancing of the battery unit is required to maintain stability of a power distribution system, and temperature control of the battery unit is an important link in performing load balancing operations, and is particularly important for dynamic heat balancing of the battery unit during charging and discharging processes during normal driving and during parking.
Because the battery pack is formed by combining a plurality of battery units, the number of the battery packs is dozens, and the number of the battery packs is hundreds, the battery units are required to be effectively temperature-controlled at the same time, the method in the prior art is generally to arrange a heat exchange channel in the battery pack, and the heat in the deep part of the battery pack is led out through the medium flow in the heat dissipation channel; at present, the mainstream mode is to separately arrange an air heat exchange channel in a battery pack, and to guide out the heat of the battery pack through the flow of air (air cooling heat dissipation); or a liquid heat exchange channel is independently arranged in the battery pack, and the heat of the battery pack is led out (liquid cooling heat dissipation) through the flow of liquid; the structure of the air-cooled heat exchanger is simpler, the arrangement cost is lower, the air-cooled heat exchanger is limited by poor heat carrying capacity of air, the heat dissipation efficiency and the like are to be improved, the air-cooled heat exchanger is suitable for temperature balance under low temperature difference, and the air-cooled heat exchanger has the advantage of low operation power consumption; although the structure of the latter is relatively complex, the number of matched parts is more, and the arrangement cost is higher, the heat-dissipating efficiency is greatly improved compared with the former due to higher heat-carrying capacity, and the heat-dissipating device is suitable for temperature balance under higher temperature difference; however, the latter also involves the work flow of refrigerating the liquid medium at the liquid medium storage tank, so that the overall operation power consumption is larger, which increases the energy consumption of the electric vehicle for battery pack heat equalization and has adverse effect on the driving mileage of the electric vehicle. For this reason, if can be with the effective integration of forced air cooling heat dissipation and liquid cooling heat dissipation in the battery package, will can effectual promotion battery package thermal balance efficiency under various different operating modes. But the general integrated structure is apparently insufficient in consideration of the volume capacity ratio of the battery pack as a whole.
Meanwhile, in the process of controlling the temperature of the battery unit of the battery pack, one important node is the heat transfer between the battery unit monomer and the heat exchange medium (air or cooling liquid), and the size of the heat exchange area between the battery unit and the heat exchange medium directly influences the heat transfer speed between the battery unit and the heat exchange medium. However, in the prior art, considering the factors of the sealing protection of the battery unit, the installation stability of the battery unit, and the like, an excessively large contact area for directly performing heat exchange between the heat exchange medium and the battery unit cannot be reserved, which causes a poor heat exchange rate between the heat exchange medium and the battery unit. Therefore, if an ideal heat conduction relay structure can be formed between the battery unit and the heat conduction relay structure, the heat of the battery unit is quickly led out from the battery unit body, and then the heat on the heat relay structure and a heat exchange medium (air cooling and liquid cooling) are conducted in a secondary conduction mode, so that the temperature control efficiency of the battery unit can be greatly improved, and the heat balance response speed is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dynamic load balancing electric automobile power distribution system which has an air cooling mode and a liquid cooling mode and can greatly optimize heat balance power consumption.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a dynamic load balancing electric vehicle power distribution system comprises a power battery pack;
the power battery pack is provided with an air-cooled heat exchange channel and a liquid-cooled heat exchange channel;
the liquid cooling heat exchange channel comprises a liquid cooling heat exchange channel, a liquid cooling main pipe, a liquid cooling storage tank and a liquid cooling circulating pump, wherein a backflow branch pipe at the tail end of the liquid cooling heat exchange channel is sequentially communicated with the backflow end of the backflow main pipe, the liquid cooling storage tank and the backflow end of the liquid cooling circulating pump;
the head end of the air-cooled heat exchange channel is communicated with the outside atmosphere, and the air path branch pipe at the tail end of the air-cooled heat exchange channel is sequentially communicated with the air path main pipe and the fan to form an air-cooled flow channel;
the battery pack is composed of a plurality of layers of unit frames arranged side by side and battery units arranged on the unit frames, each unit frame comprises a frame body, the upper part of each frame body is a heat exchange chamber, and the lower part of each frame body is an installation chamber; the battery unit is arranged in the installation chamber, a plurality of partition plates extending along the length direction of the unit frame are arranged in the heat exchange chamber, the partition plates divide an inner cavity of the heat exchange chamber into a plurality of separate cavities, and the air-cooling heat exchange channel and the liquid-cooling heat exchange channel are formed by the separate cavities; and heat exchange is formed between the heat exchange medium in the air-cooling heat exchange channel and the liquid-cooling heat exchange channel and the battery unit through the heat conduction relay mechanism.
Preferably, three partition plates are arranged in the heat exchange chamber of each unit frame, the partition plates divide the heat exchange chamber into four separate chambers, two of the four separate chambers are air-cooled heat exchange channels, and two of the four separate chambers are liquid-cooled heat exchange channels; and the air cooling heat exchange channel and the liquid cooling heat exchange channel are mutually staggered.
Preferably, two ends of each unit frame of the two liquid cooling heat exchange channels are respectively connected with a U-shaped pipe, and the middle sections of the U-shaped pipes at the two ends of the unit frame are respectively connected with the liquid inlet branch pipe and the reflux branch pipe.
Preferably, the tail ends of the two air-cooled heat exchange channels on each unit frame are connected through a U-shaped pipe, and the middle section of the U-shaped pipe is connected with the air path branch pipe.
Preferably, the fan is a negative pressure fan, and one end of the main gas path pipe, which is far away from the gas path branch pipe, is communicated with an air inlet of the negative pressure fan.
Preferably, the negative pressure fan is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the battery pack.
Preferably, the gas circuit main pipes are provided with a plurality of gas circuit main pipes according to the number of layers of the unit frame, each gas circuit main pipe comprises a pipe body and a partition strip arranged in the pipe body and having a spoke-shaped cross section, the partition strip divides an inner cavity of the pipe body into a plurality of unit cavities, and a branch pipe joint is arranged on the side wall of the pipe body corresponding to each unit cavity; the number of the unit cavities is the same as that of the unit frames on each layer of the battery pack, and the air path branch pipes corresponding to the unit frames on the same layer of the battery pack are respectively communicated with a branch pipe joint.
Preferably, two ends of the U-shaped pipe corresponding to the liquid inlet branch pipe are provided with liquid flow valves.
Preferably, two ends of the U-shaped pipe corresponding to the gas path branch pipes are provided with gas flow valves.
Preferably, the heat conduction relay mechanism comprises a hollow phase-change heat exchange plate arranged between the heat exchange chamber and the installation chamber, a plurality of semicircular battery support plates are arranged below the phase-change heat exchange plate, the battery support plates are hollow plates, and two ends of each battery support plate are arranged on the phase-change heat exchange plate and are communicated with the phase-change heat exchange plate; capillary fiber layers are arranged on the inner wall of the bottom surface of the phase-change heat exchange plate and the inner wall of the battery support plate; the phase-change heat exchange plate is filled with a phase-change medium; the battery unit is mounted on the battery carrier plate, and the lower part of the battery unit is in contact with the arc-shaped area of the battery carrier plate.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: possess air-cooling and liquid cooling dual mode heat dissipation, can select air-cooling mode and liquid cooling mode in a flexible way according to the actual conditions of every group battery unit in the battery package and the actual use operating mode such as temperature, when satisfying the heat balance demand, realized the reasonable control to the heat balance consumption. Specifically, in the using process of the solar cell module, the heat conduction relay mechanism can conduct the heat of the silt on the cell unit body to the air cooling heat exchange channel or the liquid cooling heat exchange channel, and the actual conditions of air temperature, cell unit temperature difference and the like are integrated. For example: when the air temperature is higher, the liquid cooling heat exchange mode can be selected at the moment because the temperature of the outside air is also higher and the heat exchange efficiency is low; when the temperature difference between each group of battery units is high, a liquid cooling heat exchange mode can be selected for rapid cooling; when the temperature difference between the battery cells is low, in order to reduce the heat balance power consumption, the air-cooled heat exchange mode may be selected at this time. According to the invention, through reasonable switching of air cooling and liquid cooling, the power consumption of heat balance operation can be reduced on the premise of meeting the requirement of heat balance operation. The battery pack has positive significance for improving dynamic load balance of the electric automobile, endurance performance of the electric automobile and the like, and the volume capacity ratio of the battery pack cannot be influenced too much due to the exquisite and compact structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the unit frame;
FIG. 5 isbase:Sub>A view from direction A-A of the structure shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of portion B of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a front view of the unit frame;
FIG. 8 is a view in the direction C-C of the structure shown in FIG. 7;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the gas main.
Detailed Description
With reference to fig. 1 to 9, an electric vehicle power distribution system includes a power battery pack 1 and a thermal balancing device for thermally balancing the power battery pack 1, where the thermal balancing device controls the temperature of each group of battery units 0 included in the power battery pack 1 to achieve overall thermal balancing of the power distribution system, and thus adjust and balance the thermal load of the power distribution system.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention employs a dual temperature control mode, 1, an air-cooled heat exchange mode; 2. a liquid cooling heat exchange mode; that is to say, compared with the conventional battery pack, the power battery pack 1 is provided with the air cooling heat exchange channel 2 and the liquid cooling heat exchange channel 3. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the return branch pipe 4 at the end of the liquid cooling heat exchange channel 3 is sequentially communicated with the return main pipe 5, the cooling liquid storage tank and the return end of the liquid cooling circulating pump, and the liquid outlet end of the liquid cooling circulating pump is communicated with the liquid inlet branch pipe 9 at the head end of the liquid cooling heat exchange channel 3 through the liquid inlet main pipe 8 to form a liquid cooling loop. The head end of the air-cooled heat exchange channel 2 is communicated with the outside atmosphere, and the air path branch pipe 10 at the tail end of the air-cooled heat exchange channel 2 is sequentially communicated with the air path main pipe 11 and the fan 12 to form an air-cooled flow channel. Because of the limitation of the width of the drawing, the positions and specific structures of the cooling liquid storage tank and the liquid cooling circulation pump relative to the battery pack 1 are directly shown in fig. 1.
In the use process of the invention, the heat conduction relay mechanism can conduct the heat of the silt on the body of the battery unit 0 to the air-cooling heat exchange channel 2 or the liquid-cooling heat exchange channel 3, and the invention can select the air-cooling heat exchange mode or the liquid-cooling heat exchange mode by integrating the actual conditions of air temperature, temperature difference of the battery unit 0 and the like. For example: when the air temperature is higher, the liquid cooling heat exchange mode can be selected at the moment because the temperature of the outside air is also higher and the heat exchange efficiency is low; when the temperature difference between each group of battery units 0 is high, a liquid cooling heat exchange mode can be selected for rapid cooling; when the temperature difference between the battery units 0 is low and the outside air temperature meets the heat dissipation requirement, an air-cooled heat exchange mode can be selected at the moment in order to reduce the heat balance power consumption. According to the invention, through reasonable switching of air cooling and liquid cooling, the power consumption of heat balance operation can be reduced on the premise of meeting the requirement of heat balance operation. The method has positive significance for improving dynamic load balance of the electric automobile, endurance performance of the electric automobile and the like.
Due to the addition of two modes of air-cooling heat exchange and liquid-cooling heat exchange, if the traditional layout of the battery pack 1 is adopted, the manufacturing difficulty is high due to the circuity and complexity of a heat exchange channel, and the overall volume of the battery pack 1 is excessively increased, so that the volume-to-capacity ratio of the battery pack 1 is increased, and the electric energy density of the battery under the same volume is reduced. For this, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the battery pack 1 according to the present invention is composed of a plurality of unit frames 13 arranged side by side in several layers and a battery cell 0 mounted on the unit frame 13. In the figure, the battery pack 1 comprises three layers of unit frames 13, each layer comprises 6 unit frames 13, the total number of the unit frames 13 is 18, 9 battery units 0 are arranged on each unit frame 13, the total number of the battery units 0 is 162, and in practical application, each design unit can be adaptively adjusted according to customer requirements.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the unit frame 13 includes a frame body having a heat exchange chamber 14 at an upper portion and an installation chamber 15 at a lower portion. The heat exchange chamber 14 is mainly used for primary exchange of heat with a heat exchange medium, and the battery unit 0 is disposed in the installation chamber 15. Referring to fig. 7 and 8, a plurality of partition plates 16 extending along the length direction of the unit frame 13 are disposed in the heat exchange chamber 14, the partition plates 16 partition the inner cavity of the heat exchange chamber 14 into a plurality of compartments, and the air-cooled heat exchange passage 2 and the liquid-cooled heat exchange passage 3 are formed by the compartments. For example, as shown in fig. 8, three partition plates 16 are disposed in the heat exchange chamber 14 of each unit frame 13, and the partition plates 16 divide the heat exchange chamber 14 into four compartments, two of the four compartments are air-cooled heat exchange passages 2, and two of the four compartments are liquid-cooled heat exchange passages 3. And the air cooling heat exchange channel 2 and the liquid cooling heat exchange channel 3 are mutually staggered. Of course, more partition plates 16 can be provided for each heat exchange chamber 14 of the unit rack 13 to form more compartments. On the basis, a ridge plate extending along the length direction of each partition cavity can be arranged in each partition cavity, so that the drainage guiding effect on the heat exchange medium can be achieved, and the heat exchange area between the bottom surface of the heat exchange chamber 14 and the heat exchange medium is increased.
The bottom surface of the heat exchange chamber 14 is used as a heat exchange surface in direct contact with a heat exchange medium, so that the heat exchange device has the advantages of large heat exchange area, good heat exchange effect, high heat dissipation speed and capability of achieving heat balance more quickly. However, in order to effectively conduct the heat of the battery unit 0 to the bottom surface of the heat dissipation device 14, the heat exchange media in the air-cooled heat exchange channel 2 and the liquid-cooled heat exchange channel 3 and the battery unit 0 form heat exchange through the heat conduction relay mechanism. That is, in the present invention, the heat of the battery unit 0 is not directly heat-exchanged with the heat exchange medium, but is transferred to the bottom plate of the heat exchange chamber 14 through the heat conduction of the heat conduction relay mechanism, and then is heat-exchanged with the heat exchange medium (gas, liquid) of the air-cooled heat exchange channel 2 and the liquid-cooled heat exchange channel 3 corresponding to the heat exchange chamber 14, so as to derive the heat. The structure of the mode is exquisite and compact, the volume capacity ratio of the battery pack is not influenced too much, and the layout of the air cooling heat exchange channel 2 and the liquid cooling heat exchange channel 3 is more convenient and easy to implement. The present invention will be described in detail below, because the heat-conducting relay mechanism has many specific structural forms.
In general, each unit frame 13 of the present invention is communicated with each main pipe through a liquid inlet branch pipe 9, a return branch pipe 4 and a gas path branch pipe 10. However, in the foregoing embodiment, when each unit frame 13 is provided with two air-cooling heat exchange channels 2 and two liquid-cooling heat exchange channels 3, for convenience of connection, as shown in fig. 4, two ends of each of the two liquid-cooling heat exchange channels 3 on each unit frame 13 are respectively connected to one U-shaped pipe 17, and the middle sections of the U-shaped pipes 17 located at two ends of the unit frame 13 are respectively connected to the liquid inlet branch pipe 9 and the return branch pipe 4. The tail ends of the two air-cooled heat exchange channels 2 on each unit frame 13 are connected through a U-shaped pipe 17, and the middle section of the U-shaped pipe 17 is connected with the air path branch pipe 10.
In order to further improve the smoothness of the air flow in the air cooling channel, the air-cooled heat exchange channel adopts a negative pressure air exhaust mode to guide outside air into the air cooling heat exchange channel 2, namely, the fan 12 is a negative pressure fan, one end of the air path main pipe 11, which is far away from the air path branch pipe 10, is communicated with an air inlet of the negative pressure fan, and in order to further improve the compactness, the negative pressure fan is generally fixedly arranged on the top surface of the battery pack 1. Of course, in order to prevent impurities from entering the air-cooled heat exchange channel 2, a dustproof filter element may be disposed at the head end, i.e., the left end in fig. 4.
Meanwhile, in order to further improve the heat dissipation performance of the air-cooled heat exchange mode and ensure the balance of the heat dissipation effect in each unit frame 13 of each layer, the invention can further optimize the design of the gas path main pipe 11. The gas circuit main pipe 11 is provided with a plurality of gas circuit main pipes 11 according to the number of layers of the unit frames 13, that is, 3 layers of the unit frames 13 are shown in fig. 3, so that 3 gas circuit main pipes 11 are provided, and the three gas circuit main pipes 11 respectively correspond to one layer of the unit frame 13, and are converged to one main pipe at the tail end and connected with the negative pressure fan. Since the gas main pipe 11 is generally designed in the up-down direction as shown in fig. 1, the connection position of each gas branch pipe 10 and the gas main pipe 11 is different, and there is a difference in the up-down direction. The air path branch pipe 10 near the fan end has a larger flow, and the air path branch pipe 10 far from the fan end has a smaller flow, so as to equalize the flows. In the present invention, as shown in fig. 9, each gas path main pipe 11 includes a pipe body 18 and a dividing strip 19 with a spoke-shaped cross section, which is arranged in the pipe body 18, the dividing strip 19 divides an inner cavity of the pipe body 18 into a plurality of unit cavities, and a branch pipe joint 20 is arranged on a side wall of the pipe body 18 corresponding to each unit cavity. The number of the unit cavities is the same as that of the unit frames 13 on each layer of the battery pack 1, and the air path branch pipes 10 corresponding to the unit frames 13 on the same layer of the battery pack 1 are respectively communicated with one branch pipe joint 20, so that the difference of the air path branch pipes 10 on the side close to a fan and the side far from the fan is reduced in sequence.
However, in the case shown in fig. 9, since the branch joints 20 are annularly arranged, more bends are required when the gas path branches 10 are connected. For this reason, it is preferable to design the division bar 19 as a twisted type, that is, the division bar 19 has a certain twist along the length direction, so that the cell cavities formed thereby can be distributed as far as possible on the side close to the cell frame 13 for easy connection.
In addition, the present invention may be better that a liquid flow valve is provided at both ends of the U-shaped pipe 17 corresponding to the liquid inlet branch pipe 9. And gas flow valves are arranged at two ends of the U-shaped pipe 17 corresponding to the gas path branch pipes 10. Through the arrangement of the liquid flow valve and the gas flow valve, the invention can further accurately control the heat exchange rate by changing the flow of the heat exchange medium passing through.
As described above, another core difference of the present invention is that the present invention can rapidly remove the heat accumulated in the battery unit 0 from the battery unit 0, which is mainly dependent on the unique heat transfer relay mechanism of the present invention. When heat is generated, in the application process of the present invention, there are many forms of heat conduction relay mechanisms capable of realizing heat intermediate transfer, such as: a heat conductive film, a heat conductive sheet, and the like, but these methods have a layout recommendation, but cannot quickly remove the heat of the battery cell 0.
To this end, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the heat transfer relay mechanism of the present invention includes a hollow phase-change heat exchange plate 21 disposed between the heat exchange chamber 14 and the installation chamber 15, that is, the phase-change heat exchange plate 21 is used as the bottom surface of the heat exchange chamber 14 and as the top surface of the installation chamber 15. The phase change heat exchange plate 21 is of a hollow design, and a cavity in the middle of the plate provides a space for evaporation of a phase change medium in the plate. In this configuration, the battery unit 0 is mounted as follows: as shown in fig. 6, a plurality of semicircular battery support plates 22 are disposed below the phase-change heat exchange plate 21, the battery support plates 22 are hollow plates, and two ends of the battery support plates 22 are disposed on the phase-change heat exchange plate 21 and are communicated with the phase-change heat exchange plate 21. And capillary fiber layers 23 are arranged on the inner wall of the bottom surface of the phase change heat exchange plate 21 and the inner wall of the battery carrier plate 22. The phase-change heat exchange plate 21 is filled with a phase-change medium, which can be a phase-change medium widely used in various existing refrigerators, preferably R245fa, and has the advantages of low pressure at normal temperature, no leakage risk, and large heat carrying capacity. The battery cell 0 is mounted on the battery carrier plate 22, and the lower portion of the battery cell 0 is in contact with the arc-shaped area of the battery carrier plate 22.
In the use process of the heat conduction relay mechanism, the heat on the battery unit 0 can be quickly transferred to the battery support plate 22 which is in close contact with the battery unit 0, the battery support plate 22 adopts a hollow design, and the heat on the battery support plate 22 can be quickly absorbed through the evaporation of the phase-change medium in the battery support plate 22, so that the quick removal of the heat deposition of the battery unit 0 is ensured; the evaporated phase change medium flows into the phase change heat exchange plate 21 and is condensed in the process of heat exchange between the top surface of the phase change heat exchange plate 21 and the heat exchange medium. And then reflows into the battery carrier plate 22 under the adsorption action of the capillary fiber layer 23, and enters the next heat conduction relay cycle. The invention can rapidly remove and guide the heat on the battery unit 0 by adopting a phase change mode, reduces the safety risk caused by overheating of the battery unit 0 and has excellent heat balance response speed. The phase-change heat exchange plate 21 and the battery carrier plate 22 are made of high-thermal-conductivity metal such as copper alloy or aluminum alloy.
Of course, because the battery carrier plate 22 of the present invention is designed in a semicircular shape, it cannot be directly contacted with the battery unit 0 on the whole surface, and in order to conduct the heat of the battery unit 0 to the battery carrier plate 22, as shown in fig. 6, the outer surface of the battery unit 0 is further sleeved with a heat-conducting silicone sleeve 24, and the battery unit 0 is contacted with the battery carrier plate 22 through the heat-conducting silicone sleeve 24. On the one hand, the existence of the heat-conducting silica gel sleeve 24 plays a role in accelerating heat transfer, on the other hand, the physical impact buffer protection on the battery unit 0 can also be played, and the thickness of the heat-conducting silica gel sleeve 24 is designed according to the heat-conducting requirement and the size, weight and the like of the battery unit 0.
Meanwhile, as shown in fig. 6, in order to further ensure the tightness of the battery unit 0 mounted on the battery carrier plate 22, a clamping pad 25 is further disposed in an area between the upper portion of the battery unit 0 and the phase-change heat exchange plate 21 and the battery carrier plate 22, and the battery unit 0 is abutted against the battery carrier plate 22 through the clamping pad 25.
It is anticipated that the heat conducting relay mechanism of the present invention may also be adapted to an air cooling heat exchange mode alone or a liquid cooling heat dissipation mode alone, that is, for a part of the power distribution system, it is feasible to design air cooling alone or liquid cooling alone, and use the heat conducting relay mechanism of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A dynamic load balancing electric vehicle power distribution system comprises a power battery pack (1);
the method is characterized in that: the power battery pack (1) is provided with an air-cooled heat exchange channel (2) and a liquid-cooled heat exchange channel (3);
a backflow branch pipe (4) at the tail end of the liquid cooling heat exchange channel (3) is sequentially communicated with a backflow main pipe (5), a cooling liquid storage tank and a backflow end of a liquid cooling circulating pump, and a liquid outlet end of the liquid cooling circulating pump is communicated with a liquid inlet branch pipe (9) at the head end of the liquid cooling heat exchange channel (3) through a liquid inlet main pipe (8) to form a liquid cooling loop;
the head end of the air-cooled heat exchange channel (2) is communicated with the outside atmosphere, and the air path branch pipe (10) at the tail end of the air-cooled heat exchange channel (2) is sequentially communicated with the air path main pipe (11) and the fan (12) to form an air-cooled flow channel;
the battery pack (1) is composed of a plurality of layers of unit frames (13) arranged side by side and battery units (0) arranged on the unit frames (13), each unit frame (13) comprises a frame body, the upper part of each frame body is a heat exchange chamber (14), and the lower part of each frame body is an installation chamber (15); the battery unit (0) is arranged in the installation chamber (15), a plurality of partition plates (16) extending along the length direction of the unit frame (13) are arranged in the heat exchange chamber (14), the partition plates (16) divide the inner cavity of the heat exchange chamber (14) into a plurality of partition cavities, and the air-cooling heat exchange channel (2) and the liquid-cooling heat exchange channel (3) are formed by the partition cavities; and heat exchange is formed between the heat exchange medium in the air-cooling heat exchange channel (2) and the liquid-cooling heat exchange channel (3) and the battery unit (0) through a heat conduction relay mechanism.
2. The dynamically load balanced electric vehicle power distribution system of claim 1, wherein: three partition plates (16) are arranged in the heat exchange chamber (14) of each unit frame (13), the partition plates (16) divide the heat exchange chamber (14) into four separate chambers, two of the four separate chambers are air-cooled heat exchange channels (2), and two of the four separate chambers are liquid-cooled heat exchange channels (3); and the air cooling heat exchange channel (2) and the liquid cooling heat exchange channel (3) are mutually staggered.
3. The dynamic load balancing electric vehicle power distribution system of claim 2, wherein: each two liquid cooling heat exchange passages (3) on the unit frame (13) are connected with a U-shaped pipe (17) at two ends respectively, and the middle sections of the U-shaped pipes (17) at two ends of the unit frame (13) are connected with the liquid inlet branch pipes (9) and the backflow branch pipes (4) respectively.
4. The dynamic load balancing electric vehicle power distribution system of claim 3, wherein: the tail ends of the two air-cooled heat exchange channels (2) on each unit frame (13) are connected through a U-shaped pipe (17), and the middle section of the U-shaped pipe (17) is connected with the air path branch pipe (10).
5. The dynamic load balancing electric vehicle power distribution system of claim 4, wherein: the fan (12) is a negative pressure fan, and one end of the gas path main pipe (11) far away from the gas path branch pipe (10) is communicated with an air inlet of the negative pressure fan.
6. The dynamic load balancing electric vehicle power distribution system of claim 5, wherein: the negative pressure fan is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the battery pack (1).
7. The dynamically load balanced electric vehicle power distribution system of claim 6, wherein: the gas circuit main pipes (11) are provided with a plurality of gas circuit main pipes according to the number of layers of the unit frames (13), each gas circuit main pipe (11) comprises a pipe body (18) and a partition strip (19) which is arranged in the pipe body (18) and has a spoke-shaped cross section, the partition strip (19) divides an inner cavity of the pipe body (18) into a plurality of unit cavities, and a branch pipe joint (20) is arranged on the side wall of the pipe body (18) corresponding to each unit cavity; the number of the unit cavities is the same as that of the unit frames (13) on each layer of the battery pack (1), and the air path branch pipes (10) corresponding to each unit frame (13) on the same layer of the battery pack (1) are respectively communicated with a branch pipe joint (20).
8. The dynamic load balancing electric vehicle power distribution system of claim 7, wherein: and two ends of the U-shaped pipe (17) corresponding to the liquid inlet branch pipe (9) are provided with liquid flow valves.
9. The dynamic load balancing electric vehicle power distribution system of claim 8, wherein: and gas flow valves are arranged at two ends of the U-shaped pipe (17) corresponding to the gas path branch pipes (10).
10. The dynamic load balancing electric vehicle power distribution system of claim 9, wherein: the heat conduction relay mechanism comprises a hollow phase-change heat exchange plate (21) arranged between a heat exchange chamber (14) and an installation chamber (15), a plurality of semicircular battery support plates (22) are arranged below the phase-change heat exchange plate (21), the battery support plates (22) are hollow plates, and two ends of each battery support plate (22) are arranged on the phase-change heat exchange plate (21) and are communicated with the phase-change heat exchange plate (21); capillary fiber layers (23) are arranged on the inner wall of the bottom surface of the phase-change heat exchange plate (21) and the inner wall of the battery carrier plate (22); the phase change heat exchange plate (21) is filled with phase change media; the battery unit (0) is mounted on the battery carrier plate (22), and the lower part of the battery unit (0) is in contact with the arc-shaped area of the battery carrier plate (22).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211407045.1A CN115566321A (en) | 2022-11-10 | 2022-11-10 | Dynamic load balancing electric automobile power distribution system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211407045.1A CN115566321A (en) | 2022-11-10 | 2022-11-10 | Dynamic load balancing electric automobile power distribution system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115566321A true CN115566321A (en) | 2023-01-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211407045.1A Pending CN115566321A (en) | 2022-11-10 | 2022-11-10 | Dynamic load balancing electric automobile power distribution system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115566321A (en) |
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2022
- 2022-11-10 CN CN202211407045.1A patent/CN115566321A/en active Pending
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