CN115532651A - A kind of PCB board automatic testing equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to automatic test equipment for a PCB (printed Circuit Board), which is provided with a control cabinet, wherein the control cabinet is provided with a feeding platform, a board forming platform, a bad board platform, a feeding and discharging module, a jig module, a tester and an industrial control computer; the feeding table, the board forming table and the board damaging table are arranged on a travelling line; the feeding and discharging module comprises an upper guide rail, a transverse driving mechanism, a lifting guide rail, a lifting driving mechanism and a suction nozzle mechanism; the jig module comprises an upper jig, a lower guide rail, a lower jig transverse moving driving mechanism and an upper jig lifting driving mechanism; the tester is arranged in the control cabinet and used for reading the on-off state of the integrated circuit board, and the measured on-off state of the integrated circuit board is fed back to the industrial control computer; the steps of feeding the integrated circuit board, accurately positioning and transferring the PCB, detecting and testing products, classifying and placing qualified products and unqualified products, displaying and the like are all automatic and intelligent actions, the detection is more efficient and reliable, and reliable equipment support is provided for mass tests.

Description

A kind of PCB board automatic testing equipment

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent manufacturing testing equipment, in particular to a PCB automatic testing equipment.

Background technique

With the proposal of various high-tech strategic plans, the application of automation technology is becoming more and more extensive. Production equipment based on PLC, motion controller, and industrial computer, and based on servo motors, guide rails, and high-precision screw rods, has also been mass-produced, introduced, and popularized in my country. These devices can improve production efficiency and production quality. Their advanced, complex and intelligent characteristics have made great changes in design, research and development, installation and commissioning.

At present, all kinds of intelligent equipment are inseparable from the integrated circuit board, that is, the PCB board. Different devices have different functions, and the structure of the integrated circuit board is also different. The integrated circuit board is widely used in various electronic products. The empty board after board production and the finished board after welding the integrated circuit need to test the continuity of all wiring (integrated circuit functional test) to test whether the product is qualified. It is manual inspection, that is, manually place the integrated circuit boards on the jig of the inspection platform one by one, position them one by one, and then manually press them together for testing, and then let the operator visually judge whether the product is qualified. This method requires The continuous work of workers is very labor-intensive, and the detection efficiency is also very low, which is not conducive to the application on modern intelligent production lines.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is exactly to above-mentioned situation, provides a kind of PCB board automatic testing equipment, by designing a kind of brand-new testing equipment, has realized the integrated circuit board testing operation of complete automation, efficient.

The specific scheme of the present invention is: a kind of PCB board automatic testing equipment, has control cabinet, and described control cabinet is provided with loading platform, forming platform, bad pallet, loading and unloading module, fixture module, tester and industrial control computer ;

The loading table, finished pallet, and broken pallet are sequentially arranged on a traveling line to facilitate the PCB inspection process, and the loading table is provided with positioning pins for rough positioning;

The loading and unloading module includes an upper guide rail, a lateral driving mechanism, a lifting guide rail, a lifting driving mechanism and a suction nozzle mechanism. The lifting guide rail is connected with the lateral driving mechanism and moves along the upper guide rail under the drive of the lateral driving mechanism; The driving mechanism is placed on the lifting guide rail, the lower end of the lifting driving mechanism is placed on the suction nozzle mechanism, and the side of the suction nozzle mechanism is also provided with a camera for positioning;

The fixture module includes an upper fixture, a lower fixture, a lower guide rail, a lower fixture traverse drive mechanism and an upper fixture lift drive mechanism, the lower guide rail and the upper guide rail are arranged parallel to each other, and the lower guide rail is docked on the bad plate The side position of the table, the lower fixture moves along the lower guide rail under the drive of the lower fixture traversing drive mechanism, the upper fixture drive mechanism is arranged directly above the lower guide rail through the bracket, and the upper fixture is placed on the The lower end of the lifting drive mechanism of the upper fixture;

The tester is installed in the control cabinet for reading the on-off of the integrated circuit board, and the on-off status of the integrated circuit board measured by the tester is fed back to the industrial control computer; the control cabinet is connected with the horizontal drive mechanism and the lifting drive mechanism respectively , Suction nozzle mechanism, photo positioning camera, lower fixture traverse drive mechanism, upper fixture lift drive mechanism control connection.

Further, the suction nozzle mechanism described in the present invention includes a negative pressure suction plate, the interior of the negative pressure suction plate is a cavity, the bottom surface of the negative pressure suction plate is provided with a number of suction holes, and the negative pressure suction plate passes through the lifting slide and the The lifting guide rail is connected and moved up and down driven by the lifting drive mechanism, and the cavity in the negative pressure suction plate is controlled by a vacuum pump and a solenoid valve to provide negative pressure.

Further, in the present invention, a displacement sensor is installed on the side of the negative pressure suction plate, and a pressure sensor is embedded in the bottom surface of the negative pressure suction plate.

Further, the photographing and positioning camera mentioned in the present invention is an industrial positioning camera.

Further, the transverse drive mechanism in the present invention is composed of a servo motor and a transverse feed screw, the transverse feed screw is arranged along the upper guide rail, and the back of the lifting guide rail is connected to the upper guide rail through the screw seat. The horizontal feed screw is connected by transmission; the lifting drive mechanism is a synchronous lifting belt mechanism driven by a servo motor or a lifting cylinder mechanism, and the synchronous lifting belt mechanism or the lifting cylinder mechanism drives the suction nozzle mechanism to move up and down.

Further, the drive mechanism for lower fixture traverse in the present invention includes a lower fixture drive motor, a lower fixture traverse screw, and a lower fixture movable seat, and the lower fixture movable seat and the lower fixture traverse The screw rod is connected by transmission and moves along the lower guide rail. The driving motor of the lower jig drives the lateral movement screw of the lower jig to rotate; The lower arrangement, the lower end of the piston rod of the stepping motor is connected to the upper jig.

Further, the upper jig and the lower jig described in the present invention are each made of a glass fiber board, the glass fiber board is provided with a number of test needles, each test pin is provided with a number, the upper jig and the lower jig The fixtures jointly press the line holes on the circuit board to realize the continuity test.

Further, the tester described in the present invention is a PCB circuit on-off tester, which reads the on-short-circuit current voltage value and the output timing signal of the integrated circuit board, and transmits the test results to the industrial computer for real-time display .

Further, the four corners of the bottom of the control cabinet in the present invention are equipped with foldable traveling universal wheels, and rubber support feet are provided on the inner side of each universal traveling wheel.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The use of the device of the present invention solves the heavy and repetitive work of large-scale inspection and test continuity operations of PCB boards, greatly liberates labor and reduces the workload of test operators.

2. The steps of the equipment of the present invention, such as loading the integrated circuit board, accurately positioning the PCB board, transferring and placing the product, testing the product, classifying and displaying qualified and unqualified products, are all automatic and intelligent actions, and the detection is more efficient and reliable. It provides reliable equipment support for mass testing.

3. The equipment of the present invention can quickly adapt to different batches and different product types of circuit boards only by replacing different upper and lower fixtures. The adjustment is flexible and convenient, and the adaptability is wide. equipment input and use costs.

4. The equipment of the present invention has coordinated operation, fast operation speed, and the detection efficiency is several times higher than that of traditional manual detection.

5. The control module of the present invention is completely open source and has strong applicability. The equipment has a wide range of applications. The comprehensive knowledge of machinery, electricity, electronic information, and computers not only solves the problem of efficient detection of PCB boards in factories, but also can be used as practical training in vocational schools. The teaching tool allows students to learn more intuitively and clearly the whole process of automation equipment design and development, so as to combine learning with practical application.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the first oblique viewing angle of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second oblique viewing angle of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main viewing direction of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the side view direction of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention in a top view direction.

In the figure: 1—Rubber support feet, 2—Walking universal wheels, 3—Control cabinet, 4—Material loading platform, 5—Pallet forming platform, 6—Bad pallet, 7—Industrial control computer, 8—Picture positioning camera, 9—upper guide rail, 10—servo motor, 11—lift slide, 12—servo motor, 13—lower fixture, 14—upper fixture, 15—lower guide rail, 16—lower fixture drive motor, 17—negative pressure Suction plate, 18—lifting guide rail, 19—screw mandrel seat, 20—stepping motor.

detailed description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the invention The usual orientation or positional relationship when the product is used is only for the convenience of describing the present invention or simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed or operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation of the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "installation" and "connection" should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or an optional connection. A disassembled connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.

Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 5, the present invention is a kind of PCB board automatic testing equipment, has control cabinet 3, and the four corners of the bottom of described control cabinet are installed with foldable traveling universal wheel 2, is positioned at the inner side of each universal traveling wheel Also be provided with rubber supporting foot 1, described control cabinet is provided with loading platform 4, forming pallet 5, broken pallet 6, loading and unloading module, fixture module, tester and industrial control computer 7; Described feeding platform, The finished pallet and the broken pallet are arranged on a traveling line in sequence, and positioning pins are arranged on the feeding table, and the feeding table, the finished pallet and the broken pallet are all made of polyester plastic materials;

The loading and unloading module includes an upper guide rail 9, a lateral drive mechanism, a lifting guide rail 18, a lifting drive mechanism and a suction nozzle mechanism, and the lifting guide rail is connected with the lateral drive mechanism and moves along the upper guide rail under the drive of the lateral drive mechanism; The lifting drive mechanism is placed on the lifting guide rail, the lower end of the lifting drive mechanism is placed on the suction nozzle mechanism, and the side of the suction nozzle mechanism is also provided with a camera 8 for taking pictures;

The fixture module includes an upper fixture 14, a lower fixture 13, a lower guide rail 15, a lower fixture traverse drive mechanism and an upper fixture lift drive mechanism, the lower guide rail and the upper guide rail are arranged parallel to each other, and the lower guide rail is docked At the side position of the bad pallet, the lower jig moves along the lower guide rail driven by the lower jig traversing drive mechanism, the upper jig drive mechanism is arranged directly above the lower guide rail through a bracket, and the upper jig The tool is placed at the lower end of the lifting drive mechanism of the upper fixture;

The tester is installed in the control cabinet for reading the on-off of the integrated circuit board, and the on-off status of the integrated circuit board measured by the tester is fed back to the industrial control computer; the control cabinet is connected with the horizontal drive mechanism and the lifting drive mechanism respectively , Suction nozzle mechanism, photo positioning camera, lower fixture traverse drive mechanism, upper fixture lift drive mechanism control connection.

Further, the suction nozzle mechanism described in this embodiment includes a negative pressure suction plate 17, the interior of the negative pressure suction plate is a cavity, the bottom surface of the negative pressure suction plate is provided with a number of suction holes, and the negative pressure suction plate passes through the lifting slide 11 is connected with the lifting guide rail and moves up and down driven by the lifting drive mechanism, and the cavity in the negative pressure suction plate is controlled by a vacuum pump and a solenoid valve to provide negative pressure.

Further, in this embodiment, a displacement sensor is installed on the side of the negative pressure suction plate, and a pressure sensor is embedded in the bottom surface of the negative pressure suction plate.

Further, the photographing and positioning camera 8 in this embodiment is an industrial positioning camera.

Further, the transverse drive mechanism in this embodiment is composed of a servo motor 12 and a transverse feed screw, the transverse feed screw is arranged along the upper guide rail, and the back of the lifting guide rail passes through the screw seat 19 is connected with the transmission of the horizontal feed screw; the lifting drive mechanism is a synchronous lifting belt mechanism driven by the servo motor 10 or a lifting cylinder mechanism, and the synchronous lifting belt mechanism or the lifting cylinder mechanism drives the suction nozzle mechanism to move up and down.

Further, the drive mechanism for lower fixture traverse in this embodiment includes a lower fixture drive motor 16, a lower fixture traverse screw and a lower fixture movable seat, and the lower fixture movable seat is connected to the lower fixture The traversing screw is connected by transmission and moves along the lower guide rail 15, and the driving motor of the lower fixture drives the traversing screw of the lower fixture to rotate; the lifting and lowering drive mechanism of the upper fixture is a stepping motor 20, The piston rod of the stepper motor is arranged downward, and the lower end of the piston rod of the stepping motor is connected to the upper jig 14 .

Further, the upper jig and the lower jig described in this embodiment are each made of glass fiber boards, the glass fiber boards are provided with a number of test needles, each test pin is provided with a number, the upper jig and The lower fixture jointly presses the line holes on the circuit board to realize the continuity test.

Further, the tester described in this embodiment is a PCB board line on-off tester, which reads the on-short-circuit current voltage value and the output timing signal of the integrated circuit board, and transmits the test results to the industrial control computer in real time. show.

When the loading and unloading module is implemented, it is composed of stepping motor, servo motor, negative pressure cylinder, suction nozzle mechanism, related control solenoid valve, proximity switch, pressure sensor and other components. The servo motor controls the vertical displacement of the suction nozzle mechanism, and the negative pressure cylinder provides negative pressure to the negative pressure suction plate to suck the PCB board. The whole loading and unloading process is basically similar, and the loading workflow is introduced below.

The loading table is made of polyester plastic, and there are positioning pins on it to fix the PCB board. Multiple PCB boards are punched and stacked on the loading table. The stepping motor above controls the entire suction nozzle mechanism to move horizontally to the loading table. Above the table, the camera is used to take pictures and position, so that the negative pressure suction plate can be accurately controlled to reach the top of the PCB board, which provides a guarantee for the subsequent accurate placement of the PCB board at a specific position on the lower fixture at one time. After positioning , the servo motor runs to lower the negative pressure suction plate to the PCB board, and the negative pressure suction plate takes out the PCB board through negative pressure (through the negative pressure cylinder and related solenoid valve and air pipe control). Because the thickness of the stacked PCB boards changes when the servo motor controls the negative pressure suction board to pick up the PCB, a displacement sensor is installed next to the negative pressure suction board. Only when the value is set, the solenoid valve of the vent pipe will be opened, so that the negative pressure suction plate can generate a strong enough negative pressure to absorb the PCB board. After sucking the PCB board, the servo motor drives the PCB board to move, and after returning to a certain height, the negative pressure suction board sucks the PCB and places it on the lower fixture. In order to ensure that the PCB board can be placed accurately, two schemes can be adopted. One is to use the photo positioning camera for optical positioning, and the other is to use mechanical methods for positioning. After the positioning is completed, the negative pressure suction plate moves down to place the PCB board on the correct position of the lower fixture.

After receiving the PCB board on the lower fixture, the lower fixture and the PCB board on it are moved to the right below the upper fixture through the lower fixture traverse drive mechanism, and then the upper fixture is driven by the stepping motor to go down and down. The fixtures are pressed together, the test needles in the upper and lower fixtures are attached to the circuit holes on the circuit board to achieve conduction, and the tester will feed back the continuity of the circuit board to the industrial computer and display whether the test is passed. The qualified products will be transported back, and the qualified products will be placed on the finished pallet through the suction nozzle mechanism, and the staff will collect them. The unqualified products will be placed on the bad pallet by the suction nozzle mechanism, and the staff will collect them. Take away the bad PCB board for another treatment.

Inside the tester in the present invention, the STM32 main control chip controls the reading of input and output signals of a maximum of 5096 points, and through the input of timing signals and anti-interference measures, the current and voltage values of the short circuit of the integrated circuit (PCB board) can be read and output timing signals.

The upper and lower jigs in the present invention are a kind of special jig designed with the PCB board as a model and used for on-off testing of electrical properties. There are single-sided jigs and double-sided jigs (for single-sided and double-sided surface circuit board). The main structure of the fixture is a glass fiber board and test pins. The test pins are numbered and fitted to the small holes (the diameter is about 0.2mm) opened on the circuit board to facilitate future circuit board resistance testing.

After the numbered test pins are pressed against the circuit board, the tester senses that the circuit is connected, and instantly provides the corresponding voltage to generate current. The tester is a small embedded device with the function of shielding multiple channels of large currents from interfering with each other. It can measure multiple channels (up to 1280 channels) of current, thereby calculating the continuity of the circuit board and displaying it on the host computer.

Test process: When the upper guide rail drives the suction nozzle mechanism to place the PCB board on the lower fixture, the lower guide rail sends the lower fixture forward to the upper fixture. At this time, the cylinder valve opens to press the upper fixture downward. Test fixtures need to be made individually for each specific PCB. There are 128 to 1280 points on the fixture, and each point can test the continuity of the same line in the PCB board. In order to quickly and accurately transmit the test results to the computer, it is necessary to configure a professional PCB tester in the control cabinet.

After the test is completed, the lower fixture table sends the PCB to its original position. According to the continuity of the PCB board connection, there will be two test results of FAIL or PASS. If you want to burn the program into the PCB board during the test, you can choose a separate burner to detect and burn while testing. If it is PASS, the return suction nozzle mechanism will place the PCB board on the forming table. If it is a FAIL return nozzle mechanism, the PCB board will be placed on the bad pallet.

Movement structure module: The movement structure module is controlled by two servo motors to drive the screw to do horizontal movement and vertical movement respectively. The servo motor can control the up and down movement through the synchronous belt, and the up and down movement distance of the upper fixture is certain. motor control. In order to ensure that the position of the suction nozzle mechanism is accurate when picking up the PCB board, a camera can be placed in the movement stroke to precisely control the displacement. The camera can also scan the barcode of the PCB board to record the production data and upload it to the server.

Control module: The logic control module is mainly composed of power supply, PLC (or motion controller), driver, industrial computer, sensor and solenoid valve. The upper computer program installed on the industrial control computer can communicate with automatic equipment such as PLC online according to the camera positioning data, and control the movement pulse of the motor to obtain accurate displacement, so that the PCB board can be accurately placed on the jig, which saves positioning by pins one by one, and then manual pressing. A large amount of manpower for combined testing.

Production monitoring computer: the camera can take pictures and locate the barcode on the PCB board, (the barcode can be printed by a laser engraving machine) communicates to the industrial control computer and decodes and reads the data through the program. The data includes the test time, the number of test pieces, and the test results .

Claims (9)

1. A kind of PCB board automatic testing equipment, has control cabinet, it is characterized in that: described control cabinet is provided with feeding platform, forming platform, broken pallet, loading and unloading module, fixture module, tester and industrial control computer; The feeding table, finished pallet, and broken pallet are sequentially arranged on a traveling line, and positioning pins are arranged on the feeding table; The loading and unloading module includes an upper guide rail, a lateral driving mechanism, a lifting guide rail, a lifting driving mechanism and a suction nozzle mechanism. The lifting guide rail is connected with the lateral driving mechanism and moves along the upper guide rail under the drive of the lateral driving mechanism; The driving mechanism is placed on the lifting guide rail, the lower end of the lifting driving mechanism is placed on the suction nozzle mechanism, and the side of the suction nozzle mechanism is also provided with a camera for positioning; The fixture module includes an upper fixture, a lower fixture, a lower guide rail, a lower fixture traverse drive mechanism and an upper fixture lift drive mechanism, the lower guide rail and the upper guide rail are arranged parallel to each other, and the lower guide rail is docked on the bad plate The side position of the table, the lower fixture moves along the lower guide rail under the drive of the lower fixture traversing drive mechanism, the upper fixture drive mechanism is arranged directly above the lower guide rail through the bracket, and the upper fixture is placed on the The lower end of the lifting drive mechanism of the upper fixture; The tester is installed in the control cabinet for reading the on-off of the integrated circuit board, and the on-off status of the integrated circuit board measured by the tester is fed back to the industrial control computer; the control cabinet is connected with the horizontal drive mechanism and the lifting drive mechanism respectively , Suction nozzle mechanism, photo positioning camera, lower fixture traverse drive mechanism, upper fixture lift drive mechanism control connection. 2. A kind of PCB board automatic testing equipment according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described suction nozzle mechanism comprises negative pressure suction plate, and the inside of negative pressure suction plate is cavity, and the bottom surface of negative pressure suction plate is provided with A plurality of suction holes, the negative pressure suction plate is connected with the lifting guide rail through the lifting slide seat and moves up and down under the drive of the lifting drive mechanism, and the cavity in the negative pressure suction plate is controlled by a vacuum pump and a solenoid valve to provide negative pressure. 3. A kind of PCB board automatic testing equipment according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the side of described negative pressure suction plate is also equipped with displacement sensor, and the bottom surface of described negative pressure suction plate is also embedded with Pressure Sensor. 4. A kind of PCB board automatic testing equipment according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described camera positioning camera is industrial positioning camera. 5. A kind of PCB board automatic testing equipment according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described lateral drive mechanism is made up of servo motor and lateral feed screw rod, and described lateral feed screw rod is along the described upper The guide rail is set, and the back of the lifting guide rail is connected to the horizontal feed screw through a screw seat; the lifting drive mechanism is a synchronous lifting belt mechanism driven by a servo motor or a lifting cylinder mechanism, a synchronous lifting belt mechanism or a lifting belt mechanism. The cylinder mechanism drives the suction nozzle mechanism to move up and down. 6. A kind of PCB board automatic testing equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described lower jig traversing drive mechanism comprises lower jig driving motor, lower jig traversing screw and lower jig moving seat, the moving seat of the lower jig is connected with the lower jig traversing screw and moves along the lower guide rail, the drive motor of the lower jig drives the lower jig sliding screw to rotate; the upper jig The lifting drive mechanism is a stepping motor, the piston rod of the stepping motor is arranged downwards, and the lower end of the piston rod of the stepping motor is connected to the upper jig. 7. A kind of PCB board automatic testing equipment according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described upper jig and lower jig are each made of glass fiber board, and described glass fiber board is provided with some test pins, There is a serial number on each test pin, and the upper and lower jigs press together the circuit holes on the circuit board to realize the continuity test. 8. A kind of PCB board automatic testing equipment according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described tester is PCB board line on-off tester, and this tester reads the pass-short-circuit current voltage value and output of integrated circuit board The timing signal, and the test results are transmitted to the industrial computer for real-time display. 9. A kind of PCB board automatic testing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the four corners of the bottom of the control cabinet are equipped with foldable walking universal wheels, and the inner side of each universal traveling wheel is also provided with Rubber feet.

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