CN115513779B - A high-power gas shunt switch based on electrical triggering - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-power gas shunt switch based on electric triggering, and aims to solve the problems of unstable breakdown and poor safety between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode of the traditional mechanical shunt switch. The invention consists of an insulating cavity, 2 cathode rods, 1 anode rod, 2 insulating rods, 2 trigger rods, 2 cathode electrodes and 1 anode electrode, wherein the 2 cathode electrodes are respectively provided with one cathode rod (the insulating rods and the trigger rods are embedded in the cathode rods), and the conduction between different cathode electrodes and anode electrodes in the shunt switch is adjusted by applying trigger voltages to different trigger rods. The invention uses the trigger lever to control the switch to be more reliable, the influence of the trigger lever on the main gap electric field is smaller, the possibility of electrode ablation is low, the safety is higher, the low-jitter long-time stable operation of high-pressure gas can be realized, and the invention is more suitable for controlling a plurality of high-power pulse driving source devices.

Description

A high-power gas shunt switch based on electrical triggering

Technical field

The present invention relates to a gas shunt switch in the technical field of high-power pulse drive sources, and in particular to a high-power gas shunt switch based on electrical triggering.

Background technique

High-power pulse drive source technology is a science and technology that uses a high-power pulse generator to quickly release low-power, long-term stored energy to the load with high power in a very short period of time. As high-power pulse drive source technology is increasingly used in fields such as high-energy lasers, high-power microwaves, biomedicine, environmental protection, and material processing, high-power pulse generators are moving toward high repetition frequency, high stability, and long life. development in other directions.

As the core device for realizing electrical pulses from high-power pulse driving sources, high-power switches play the role of connecting energy storage devices and loads. Their operating characteristics determine the overall application capabilities of the system to a large extent. Switches are divided into gas switches, magnetic switches and semiconductor switches. At present, gas switches are widely used in high-power pulse generators due to their high operating voltage, strong flow capacity, low cost, and flexible and diverse shapes. Gas switches are mainly divided into self-breakdown switches and trigger switches. Compared with the self-breakdown switch, the trigger switch adopts a special design of the trigger rod to achieve fast and reliable closing of the switch, and is more suitable for the design of high-power gas shunt switches. When a high-power gas shunt switch is used to control dual microwave sources, a variety of waveband outputs can be achieved, and it is beneficial to reduce the complexity and volume of the device. Based on this, research on gas shunt switches with simple structure, low jitter, long life and high stability has important application prospects in the field of high-power pulse power.

The shunt switch is an important component of the high-power pulse drive source. Most of the existing shunt switches use mechanical shunt switches. Since the mechanical shunt switch needs to move the trigger rod to control the conduction of different switches, the structure and operation are complicated and the switch conduction reliability is low. Moreover, when the shunt switch is used in a high-voltage environment, the mechanical shunt switch has poor conduction stability and is less safe when moving the trigger lever. How to make the shunt switch more stable and safe in high-voltage environments and achieve long-term and stable operation of high-power gas shunt switches with low jitter is a difficult issue that those skilled in the art are trying to overcome. There are currently no public reports of high-power gas shunt switches based on electrical triggering.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an electrical-based shunt switch to solve the existing mechanical shunt switch's shortcomings such as instability in the breakdown between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode and poor safety when the trigger rod is moved in a high-voltage environment. Triggered high power gas shunt switch.

The high-power gas shunt switch based on electrical triggering of the present invention is composed of two cathode electrodes and one anode electrode. The two cathode electrodes each have a cathode rod (embedded with an insulating rod and a trigger rod). By using a DC power supply, different The trigger lever applies a trigger voltage to adjust the conduction between different cathode electrodes and anode electrodes in the shunt switch. On the one hand, based on structural characteristics, gas shunt switches have higher conduction reliability and safety; on the other hand, high-power gas shunt switches based on electrical triggering are more suitable for controlling multiple high-power pulse drive source devices.

The technical solution of the present invention is: a high-power gas shunt switch based on electrical triggering of the present invention consists of an insulating cavity, 2 cathode rods, 1 anode rod, 2 insulating rods, 2 trigger rods, and 2 cathode electrodes and 1 anode electrode. The two cathode rods are fixed on the rear insulating end plate of the insulating cavity through the through holes on the rear insulating end plate; the anode rods are fixed on the front insulating end plate of the insulating cavity through the through holes on the front insulating end plate, 2 The cathode electrodes are respectively fixed on the two cathode rods through threaded holes, and the anode electrode 7 is fixed on the anode rod through the threaded holes. The two trigger rods are coaxially nested in the central through holes of the two insulating rods, and the two insulating rods are inserted into the through holes of the two cathode rods and connected to the two cathode electrodes respectively.

The insulating cavity is a cylindrical cavity with two end faces. The insulating cavity is composed of a front insulating end plate, an insulating cylinder and a rear insulating end plate. The end of the anode electrode connected to the high-voltage power supply (i.e., the front insulating end plate side) of the present invention is defined as the left end, and the end of the cathode electrode connected to the load (i.e., the rear insulating end plate side) of the present invention is defined as the right end.

The insulating cavity is made of insulating material. Based on the needs of the application, the insulating cavity is placed in an insulating cuboid with a length of 50cm, a width of 25cm, and a height of 50cm. The front insulating end plate is fixedly installed on the left end of the insulating cylinder, and the rear insulating end plate is fixedly installed on the right end of the insulating cylinder. The end plates are parallel and symmetrical to the center plane AA' which is equidistant from the front insulating end plate and the rear insulating end plate.

The insulating cylinder is composed of a front stretching ring, a cylindrical cylinder and a rear stretching ring. The front stretching ring and the rear stretching ring are exactly the same. The total length of the insulating cylinder is equal to L, L is 13.5cm~14.5cm, the side wall thickness of the cylinder p=R ₂ -R ₁ , R ₂ >R ₁ , R ₁ is the inner radius of the cylinder, R ₁ is 17cm~18cm, R ₂ is the outer radius of the cylinder, and R ₂ is 17.5cm~18.5cm. The front stretching ring is welded to the left end of the cylindrical barrel, and the rear stretching ring is welded to the right end of the cylindrical barrel. The inner radius of the front stretching ring is equal to R ₁ , the outer radius is equal to R ₃ , R ₃ >R ₂ , the thickness is equal to d, d is 0.5cm～1.5cm, on the circumference of the front stretching ring the radius is equal to r ₁ M holes with diameter d ₁ are dug, R ₂ <r ₁ <R ₃ , 12≤M≤24. The inner radius of the post-stretched ring is equal to R ₁ , the outer radius is equal to R ₃ , and the thickness is equal to d. M through holes with a diameter of d ₁ are dug on the circumference of the post-stretched ring with a radius of r ₁ .

The front insulating end plate is made of insulating material and is disc-shaped. The radius of the disc is equal to R ₃ and the thickness is equal to T, T<L1+w. M through holes with a diameter equal to d ₁ are dug on the circumference of the front insulating end plate with center O (coaxial with BB') as the origin and a radius of r _1. The right end surface of the front insulating end plate is in contact with the front stretching circle. The left end face of the ring is connected by an insulating screw; a first through hole with a radius equal to R ₄ is drilled at the center O of the front insulating end plate, R ₄ < R ₁ , and an anode rod is inserted into the first through hole of the front insulating end plate.

The rear insulating end plate is made of insulating material and is disc-shaped. The radius of the disc is equal to R ₃ and the thickness is equal to T. It is installed at the right end of the insulating cylinder symmetrically with the front insulating end plate about the center plane AA′. M tenth through holes with a diameter of d ₁ are dug on the circumference of the rear insulating end plate with a radius r _1. The left end surface of the rear insulating end plate and the right end surface of the rear stretching ring are connected through insulating screws. The radius of the rear insulating end plate with center O' (coaxial with BB') as the origin is equal to the circumference of r ₂ , And two second through holes and a third through hole with a radius equal to R ₄ are drilled at positions intersecting with the centerline CC' of the rear insulating end plate. The second through hole and the third through hole are symmetrical up and down about the central plane BB' (that is, the central plane parallel to the first cathode electrode and the second cathode electrode and equidistant from the first cathode electrode and the second cathode electrode). The hole is located at the upper end of the third through hole, the first cathode rod is inserted into the second through hole of the rear insulating end plate, and the second cathode rod is inserted into the third through hole of the rear insulating end plate.

The materials, shapes and structures of the first cathode rod and the second cathode rod are exactly the same. The first cathode rod is a round rod with a disc, which is composed of a first cathode disc and a first cathode round rod. The material is generally stainless steel. The second cathode rod is a round rod with a disc, which is composed of a second cathode disc and a second cathode round rod. The material is generally stainless steel. The first cathode disk is welded to the right end surface of the first cathode rod to form the first cathode rod; the left end surface of the second cathode disk is welded to the right end surface of the second cathode rod to form the second cathode rod. The radius of the first cathode disk is equal to R ₅ , R ₅ >R ₄ , and the thickness is equal to w, w is 0.3cm～0.7cm; the first cathode rod is a cylinder with a length equal to L ₁ , L ₁ is 4cm～5cm, and the outside The radius is equal to R ₄ , the inner radius is equal to R ₆ , and R ₆ <R ₄ . The radius of the second cathode disk is equal to R ₅ and the thickness is equal to w; the second cathode rod is a cylinder with a length equal to L ₁ , the outer radius is equal to R ₄ and the inner radius is equal to R ₆ . The first cathode round rod passes from the right end of the rear insulating end plate through the second through hole and is fixedly connected to the rear insulating end plate. The second cathode round rod passes from the right end of the rear insulating end plate through the third through hole and is fixedly connected to the rear insulating end plate. A fourth through hole with a radius equal to R ₆ is dug in the center of the first cathode rod, and a fifth through hole with a radius equal to R ₆ is dug in the center of the second cathode rod. The first insulating rod is inserted into the fourth through hole of the first cathode rod, and the second insulating rod is inserted into the fifth through hole of the second cathode rod.

The anode rod is a round rod with a disc. It is composed of an anode disc and an anode round rod. The material is generally stainless steel. The right end face of the anode disc is welded to the left end face of the anode round rod to form an anode rod. The radius of the anode disk is equal to R ₅ and the thickness is equal to w; the length of the anode rod is equal to L ₁ and the radius is equal to R ₄ . The anode rod passes through the first through hole from the left side of the front insulating end plate and is fixed at the center of the front insulating end plate. The anode rod has a first threaded hole with a radius equal to R ₆ dug from the center of the left end face of the anode disk to the right, and the depth of the first threaded hole is equal to L ₂ , L ₂ < L ₁ .

The materials, shapes and structures of the first insulating rod and the second insulating rod are exactly the same. The first insulating rod is a round rod with a disc, which is composed of a first insulating disc and a first insulating round rod and is made of insulating material. The second insulating rod is a round rod with a disc, which is composed of a second insulating disc and a second insulating round rod and is made of insulating material. The right end surface of the first insulating disk is welded to the left end surface of the first insulating round rod to form a first insulating rod; the right end surface of the second insulating disk is welded to the left end surface of the first insulating round rod to form a second insulating rod. The radius of the first insulating disc is equal to R ₄ , the thickness is equal to m, m is 0.3cm～0.4cm, the length of the first insulating circular rod is equal to L ₃ , L ₃ >L ₅ +L ₆ +T+w, and the radius is equal to R ₆ ; The radius of the second insulating disc is equal to R ₄ and the thickness is equal to m. The length of the second insulating circular rod is equal to L ₃ and the radius is equal to R ₆ . The first insulating round rod is fixedly connected to the first cathode electrode through the eighth through hole of the first cathode electrode, and the right end surface of the first insulating disk coincides with the left end surface of the first cathode electrode; the second insulating round rod passes through the second cathode electrode The ninth through hole is fixedly connected to the second cathode electrode, and the right end surface of the second insulating disk coincides with the left end surface of the second cathode electrode. At the same time, the first insulating rod is inserted into the fourth through hole of the first cathode rod, and the second insulating rod is inserted into the fifth through hole of the second cathode rod. A sixth through hole with a radius equal to r ₃ is dug in the center of the first insulating rod, r ₃ < R ₆ . The first trigger rod passes through the sixth through hole from the left end of the first insulating rod and is coaxially nested in the sixth through hole. ; The second insulating rod is dug with a seventh through hole with a radius equal to r ₃ , and the second trigger rod passes through the seventh through hole from the left end of the second insulating rod and is coaxially nested in the seventh through hole.

The first trigger lever and the second trigger lever are identical in material, shape and structure. The first trigger rod and the second trigger rod are both in the shape of slender round rods, the material is generally stainless steel, the length is equal to l, l>L ₃ +m, and the radius is equal to r ₃ . The first trigger rod is inserted into the sixth through hole of the first insulating rod, and the second trigger rod is inserted into the seventh through hole of the second insulating rod. The distance between the left end face of the first trigger rod and the left end face of the first insulating rod is l ₁ , l ₁ <R ₈ -m, and the distance between the right end face of the first trigger rod and the right end face of the first insulating rod is equal to l ₂ , l ₂ =l-( l ₁ +L ₃ +m). The distance between the left end surface of the second trigger rod and the left end surface of the second insulating rod is equal to l ₁ , and the distance between the right end surface of the second trigger rod and the right end surface of the second insulating rod is equal to l ₂ .

The material, shape and structure of the first cathode electrode and the second cathode electrode are exactly the same, both are special-shaped structures, and the material is generally stainless steel. The first cathode electrode is in the shape of a disk with a first pit on the left end surface. The left end surface of the first cathode electrode is processed into a first protruding round surface, and the right end surface of the first cathode electrode is processed into a first rounded corner. The second cathode electrode is in the shape of a disk with a second pit on the left end surface. The left end surface of the second cathode electrode is processed into a second protruding round surface, and the right end surface of the second cathode electrode is processed into a second rounded corner. The maximum radius of the first cathode electrode is equal to R ₇ , R ₇ is 4cm～5cm, and the maximum thickness is equal to L ₄ , The right end edge of the first cathode electrode is processed into a first rounded corner with a radius equal to R ₈ , R ₈ is 1 cm to 1.2 cm, and the arc of the first rounded corner is equal to α ₁ , α ₁ =1/2π. A second threaded hole with a radius equal to _R4 is drilled into the center of the right end face of the first cathode electrode, and a third threaded hole with a radius equal to _R4 is drilled into the center of the right end face of the second cathode electrode. The second threaded hole and the third threaded hole are The depths are equal to L ₅ , L ₆ <L ₅ <L ₄ and L ₅ +T>L ₁ . The first cathode rod is inserted into the second threaded hole of the first cathode electrode, and the second cathode rod is inserted into the third threaded hole of the second cathode electrode. The left end surface of the first cathode electrode is drilled with an eighth through hole with a radius equal to R ₆ , and the left end surface of the second cathode electrode is drilled with a ninth through hole with a radius equal to R _6. The depths of the eighth through hole and the ninth through hole are equal to L ₆ , L ₆ >L ₃ -(L ₅ +T+w). The left end surface of the first cathode electrode coincides with the right end surface of the first insulating disk, and the left end surface of the second cathode electrode coincides with the right end surface of the second insulating disk. The outer ring of the left end of the first cathode electrode is processed into a protruding circular surface, the radius of the protruding circular surface is equal to R ₈ , the arc of the circular surface is equal to α ₂ , α ₂ =π, and a first cathode pit is formed at the left end of the first cathode electrode. The pit radius is equal to R ₉ . The outer ring of the left end of the second cathode electrode is processed into a protruding circular surface. The radius of the protruding circular surface is equal to R ₈ and the arc of the circular surface is equal to α ₂ . A second cathode pit is formed at the left end of the second cathode electrode. The radius of the second cathode pit is equal to R ₉ , R ₄ <R ₉ =R ₇ -2R ₈ .

The anode electrode has a special-shaped structure and is generally made of stainless steel. The anode electrode is in the shape of a hemisphere with a rounded surface on the left end and a protruding right end. The radius of the hemisphere at the right end of the anode electrode is equal to R ₁₀ , R ₁₀ <R ₁ . The left end edge of the anode electrode is processed into a fillet with a radius equal to R ₈ , and the arc of the circle is equal to α ₁ . A fourth threaded hole with a radius equal to R ₄ is drilled into the center of the left end face of the anode electrode, and the depth of the fourth threaded hole is equal to L ₇ , L ₇ >L ₁ -T. The fourth threaded hole of the anode electrode is inserted with an anode rod.

The working process of the present invention is as follows: an external trigger circuit is used to provide trigger pulses to the first trigger rod and the second trigger rod respectively. After the first trigger rod receives the trigger pulse, a trigger pulse is generated between the first trigger rod and the first cathode electrode under the action of the electric field. The initial plasma, due to the electric field and vacuum diffusion between the first cathode electrode and the anode electrode, forms self-sustaining discharge cathode spots on the first cathode electrode, thereby realizing the connection between the first cathode electrode and the anode electrode in the high-power gas shunt switch. In the same way, when the second trigger rod receives the trigger pulse, there is conduction between the second cathode electrode and the anode electrode in the high-power gas shunt switch. By controlling the triggering pulses of the first triggering rod and the second triggering rod, the conduction between the first cathode electrode and the anode electrode and the second cathode electrode and the anode electrode in the high-power gas shunt switch is controlled. The high-power gas shunt switch based on electrical triggering adopts the same principle as the trigger switch, which improves the stability of switch triggering and conduction. Compared with the self-breakdown switch, the end surface area of the trigger rod is smaller, that is, it is closer to tip, so the arc voltage of the first trigger rod and the second trigger rod is low, the energy introduced by the arc is small, and the possibility of ablation of the first cathode electrode, the second cathode electrode and the anode electrode is low, thereby improving the life of the present invention; compared with Compared with the mechanical shunt switch, it has the advantages of flexible and safe triggering system, simple structure and good economy. Therefore, high-power gas shunt switches based on electrical triggering are more suitable for control switches of high-power pulse drive source equipment.

The following technical effects can be achieved by adopting the present invention:

1. The present invention fully utilizes the advantages of a high-power gas switch based on electrical triggering, such as a wide operating voltage distribution range and good conduction performance. Due to the use of a trigger rod, the energy introduced by the trigger voltage is smaller, and the trigger rod It has little impact on the main gap electric field, has low possibility of electrode ablation, and achieves low jitter and long-term stable operation of high-pressure gas.

2. The present invention adopts a gas shunt switch based on electrical triggering, which uses a trigger rod to control the conduction of the switch more reliably, which is beneficial to reducing the normalized standard deviation of the breakdown voltage, and since there is no trigger shaft of a mechanical shunt switch, It has the advantages of flexible and safe triggering system, simple structure and good economy.

3. The present invention adopts the nested form of trigger rod, insulating rod and cathode rod, which is conducive to electrical isolation of the metal trigger rod and cathode rod through the insulating rod, and facilitates the separation of the trigger voltage and the output voltage from the trigger rod and the cathode rod respectively. The cathode rod is drawn out safely and stably.

4. The invention has simple principle, convenient operation and wide application range.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a left and right view of the insulating cylinder 12 of the present invention; Figure 2(a) is a left view of the insulating cylinder 12 of the present invention; Figure 2(b) is a right view of the insulating cylinder 12 of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a front view of the insulating cylinder 12 of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a left view of the front insulating end plate 11 of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a left side view of the rear insulating end plate 13 of the present invention;

Figure 6(a) is an axial cross-sectional view of the first cathode rod 201 of the present invention; Figure 6(b) is an axial cross-sectional view of the second cathode rod 202 of the present invention;

Figure 7 is an axial cross-sectional view of the anode rod 3 of the present invention;

Figure 8(a) is an axial sectional view of the first insulating rod 401 of the present invention; Figure 8(b) is an axial sectional view of the second insulating rod 402 of the present invention;

Figure 9(a) is a structural diagram of the connection between the first insulating rod 401 and the first trigger rod 51 of the present invention; Figure 9(b) is a structural diagram of the connection between the second insulating rod 402 and the second trigger rod 52 of the present invention;

Figure 10(a) is an axial cross-sectional view of the first cathode electrode 601 of the present invention; Figure 10(b) is an axial cross-sectional view of the second cathode electrode 602 of the present invention;

Figure 11 is a three-dimensional structural view of the first cathode electrode 601 of the present invention;

Figure 12 is an axial cross-sectional view of the anode electrode 7 of the present invention;

Figure 13 is a three-dimensional structural view of the anode electrode 7 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The structure and working principle of the present invention will be specifically described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

As shown in Figure 1, a high-power gas shunt switch based on electrical triggering of the present invention consists of an insulating cavity 1, 2 cathode rods 2, 1 anode rod 3, 2 insulating rods 4, 2 trigger rods 5, It consists of 2 cathode electrodes 6 and 1 anode electrode 7. Two cathode rods 2 are fixed on the rear insulating end plate 13 of the insulating cavity 1 through through holes; anode rods 3 are fixed on the front insulating end plate 11 of the insulating cavity 1 through through holes, and two cathode electrodes 6 pass through the threaded holes. They are respectively fixed on two cathode rods 2, and the anode electrode 7 is fixed on the anode rod 3 through threaded holes. The two trigger rods 5 are respectively fixed in the two insulating rods 4 through the through holes, and the two insulating rods 4 are respectively inserted into the through holes of the two cathode rods 2 and connected to the two cathode electrodes 6 respectively.

As shown in Figure 1, the insulating cavity 1 is a cylindrical cavity with two end faces. The insulating cavity 1 is composed of a front insulating end plate 11, an insulating cylinder 12 and a rear insulating end plate 13. The end of the anode electrode 7 connected to the high-voltage power supply (ie, the front insulating end plate 11 side) of the present invention is defined as the left end, and the end of the cathode electrode 6 connected to the load (ie, the rear insulating end plate 13 side) is defined as the right end.

The insulating cavity 1 is made of insulating material, and is placed in an insulating rectangular parallelepiped with a length of 50cm, a width of 25cm, and a height of 50cm based on application requirements. The front insulating end plate 11 is fixedly installed on the left end of the insulating cylinder 12, and the rear insulating end plate 13 is fixedly installed on the right end of the insulating cylinder 12. The front insulating end plate 11 and the rear insulating end plate 13 are about the center plane of the insulating cavity 1 (that is, with The front insulating end plate 11 and the rear insulating end plate 13 are parallel and symmetrical to the center plane AA′ which is equidistant from the front insulating end plate 11 and the rear insulating end plate 13 .

As shown in Figure 3, the insulating cylinder 12 is composed of a front stretching ring 121, a cylindrical tube 122 and a rear stretching ring 123. The front stretching ring 121 and the rear stretching ring 123 are exactly the same. Combined with Figure 1, the total length of the insulating cylinder 12 is equal to L, L is 13.5cm~14.5cm, the side wall thickness of the cylindrical cylinder 122 p=R ₂ -R ₁ , R ₂ >R ₁ , R ₁ is the inner radius of the cylindrical cylinder 122, R ₁ is 17cm～18cm, _R2 is the outer radius of the cylinder 122, and _R2 is 17.5cm～18.5cm. The front stretching ring 121 is welded to the left end of the cylindrical tube 122, and the rear stretching ring 123 is welded to the right end of the cylindrical tube 122. As shown in Figure 2(a), the inner radius of the front stretching ring 121 is equal to R ₁ , the outer radius is equal to R ₃ , R ₃ >R ₂ , the thickness is equal to d, and d is 0.5cm～1.5cm. M through holes 1211 with a diameter equal to d ₁ are dug on the circumference of the ring 121 with a radius r ₁ , R ₂ <r ₁ <R ₃ , 12≤M≤24. As shown in Figure 2(b), the inner radius of the post-stretched ring 123 is equal to R ₁ , the outer radius is equal to R ₃ , and the thickness is equal to d. M is dug on the circumference of the post-stretched ring 123 with a radius of r ₁ A through hole 1231 with a diameter equal to d ₁ .

As shown in Figure 4, the front insulating end plate 11 is made of insulating material and is disk-shaped, with a disk radius equal to R ₃ and a thickness equal to T (see Figure 1), T<L ₁ +w. M through holes 111 with a diameter equal to d ₁ are dug on the circumference of the front insulating end plate 11 with the center O (coaxial with BB') as the origin and a radius r _1. The right end surface of the front insulating end plate 11 is in contact with the front The left end surface of the stretching ring 121 is connected by insulating screws; a first through hole 112 with a radius equal to R ₄ is drilled at the center O of the front insulating end plate 11, R ₄ < R ₁ , and the first through hole 112 of the front insulating end plate 11 is drilled at the center O. The anode rod 3 is inserted into the hole 112.

As shown in Figure 5, the rear insulating end plate 13 is made of insulating material and is disk-shaped. The radius of the disk is equal to R ₃ and the thickness is equal to T. It is installed on the insulating cylinder 12 symmetrically with the front insulating end plate 11 with respect to the center plane AA′. right end. M tenth through holes 131 with a diameter equal to d ₁ are dug on the circumference of the rear insulating end plate 13 with a radius equal to r _1. The left end surface of the rear insulating end plate 13 is connected to the right end surface of the rear stretching ring 123 through insulating screws. . The radius of the rear insulating end plate 13 with the center O' (coaxial with BB') as the origin is equal to the circumference of r ₂ , And two second through holes 132 and third through holes 133 with a radius equal to _R4 are respectively drilled at positions intersecting the center line CC′ of the rear insulating end plate 13 . The second through hole 132 and the third through hole 133 are about the central plane (that is, the central plane parallel to the first cathode electrode 601 and the second cathode electrode 602 and equidistant from the first cathode electrode 601 and the second cathode electrode 602) BB' It is symmetrical up and down, and the second through hole 132 is located at the upper end of the third through hole 133. The first cathode rod 201 is inserted into the second through hole 132, and the second cathode rod 202 is inserted into the third through hole 133.

As shown in Figure 6, the materials, shapes and structures of the first cathode rod 201 and the second cathode rod 202 are exactly the same. The first cathode rod 201 is a round rod with a disc, which is composed of a first cathode disc 211 and a first cathode round rod 221. The material is generally stainless steel. The second cathode rod 202 is a round rod with a disc, which is composed of a second cathode disc 212 and a second cathode round rod 222. The material is generally stainless steel. The first cathode disk 211 is welded to the right end surface of the first cathode rod 221 to form the first cathode rod 201; the left end surface of the second cathode disk 212 is welded to the right end surface of the second cathode rod 222 to form the second cathode rod. 202. The radius of the first cathode disk 211 is equal to R ₅ , R ₅ >R ₄ , and the thickness is equal to w, w is 0.3cm～0.7cm; the first cathode rod 221 is a cylinder with a length equal to L ₁ , L ₁ is 4cm～5cm , the outer radius is equal to R ₄ , the inner radius is equal to R ₆ , R ₆ <R ₄ . The second cathode disc 212 has a radius equal to R ₅ and a thickness equal to w; the second cathode rod 222 is a cylinder with a length equal to L ₁ , an outer radius equal to R ₄ and an inner radius equal to R ₆ . The first cathode round rod 221 passes through the second through hole 132 from the right end of the rear insulating end plate 13 and is fixedly connected to the rear insulating end plate 13 . The second cathode round rod 222 passes through the third through hole 133 from the right end of the rear insulating end plate 13 and is connected to the rear insulating end plate 13 . The rear insulating end plate 13 is fixedly connected. A fourth through hole 2011 with a radius of R ₆ is dug in the center of the first cathode rod 201 , and a fifth through hole 2021 with a radius equal to R ₆ is dug in the center of the second cathode rod 202 . The first insulating rod 401 is inserted into the fourth through hole 2011 of the first cathode rod 201, and the second insulating rod 402 is inserted into the fifth through hole 2021 of the second cathode rod 202.

As shown in Figure 7, the anode rod 3 is a round rod with a disc. It is composed of an anode disc 31 and an anode round rod 32. The material is generally stainless steel. The right end face of the anode disc 31 is welded to the left end face of the anode round rod 32. An anode rod 3 is formed on it. The radius of the anode disk 31 is equal to R ₅ and the thickness is equal to w; the length of the anode rod 32 is equal to L ₁ and the radius is equal to R ₄ . The anode rod 32 passes through the first through hole 112 from the left side of the front insulating end plate 11 and is fixed on the front insulating end. Plate 11 Center. The anode rod 3 has a first threaded hole 311 with a radius equal to R ₆ dug from the center of the left end surface of the anode disk 31 to the right. The depth of the first threaded hole 311 is equal to L ₂ , L ₂ < L ₁ .

As shown in Figure 8, the first insulating rod 401 and the second insulating rod 402 are identical in material, shape and structure. As shown in FIG. 8(a) , the first insulating rod 401 is a round rod with a disk, which is composed of a first insulating disk 411 and a first insulating round rod 421 and is made of insulating material. As shown in FIG. 8(b) , the second insulating rod 402 is a round rod with a disk, which is composed of a second insulating disk 412 and a second insulating round rod 422 and is made of insulating material. The right end surface of the first insulating disk 411 is welded to the left end surface of the first insulating round rod 421 to form the first insulating rod 401; the right end surface of the second insulating disk 412 is welded to the left end surface of the first insulating round rod 422 to form the second insulating rod 401. Insulating rod 402. The radius of the first insulating disc 411 is equal to R ₄ , the thickness is equal to m, m is 0.3cm～0.4cm, the length of the first insulating round rod 421 is L ₃ , L ₃ >L ₅ +L ₆ +T+w, and the radius is equal to R ₆ ; the radius of the second insulating disc 412 is equal to R ₄ and the thickness is equal to m. The length of the second insulating round rod 422 is equal to L ₃ and the radius is equal to R ₆ . The first insulating round rod 421 is fixedly connected to the first cathode electrode 601 through the eighth through hole 6012 of the first cathode electrode 601. The right end surface of the first insulating disc 411 coincides with the left end surface of the first cathode electrode 601; the second insulating circle The rod 422 is fixedly connected to the second cathode electrode 602 through the ninth through hole 6022 of the second cathode electrode 602 , and the right end surface of the second insulating disk 412 coincides with the left end surface of the second cathode electrode 602 . At the same time, the first insulating rod 401 is inserted into the fourth through hole 2011 of the first cathode rod 201, and the second insulating rod 402 is inserted into the fifth through hole 2021 of the second cathode rod 202. As shown in Figure 9, a sixth through hole 4011 with a radius equal to r ₃ is dug in the center of the first insulating rod 401, r ₃ < R ₆ , and the first trigger rod 51 passes through the sixth through hole from the left end of the first insulating rod 401. The hole 4011 is coaxially nested in the sixth through hole 4011; the second insulating rod 402 is dug with a seventh through hole 4021 with a radius equal to r ₃ , and the second trigger rod 52 passes through the seventh through hole 4021 from the left end of the second insulating rod 402. The hole 4021 is coaxially nested in the seventh through hole 4021.

As shown in Figure 9, the first trigger rod 51 and the second trigger rod 52 are identical in material, shape and structure. The first trigger rod 51 and the second trigger rod 52 are both in the shape of elongated round rods, the material is generally stainless steel, the length is equal to l, l>L ₃ +m, and the radius is equal to r ₃ . The first trigger rod 51 is inserted into the sixth through hole 4011 of the first insulating rod 401 , and the second trigger rod 52 is inserted into the seventh through hole 4021 of the second insulating rod 402 . The distance between the left end surface of the first trigger rod 51 and the left end surface of the first insulating rod 401 is equal to l ₁ , l ₁ <R ₈ -m, and the distance between the right end surface of the first trigger rod 51 and the right end surface of the first insulating rod 401 is equal to l ₂ , l ₂ =l-(l ₁ +L ₃ +m). The distance between the left end surface of the second trigger rod 52 and the left end surface of the second insulating rod 402 is equal to l ₁ , and the distance between the right end surface of the second trigger rod 52 and the right end surface of the second insulating rod 402 is equal to l ₂ .

As shown in Figure 10, the first cathode electrode 601 and the second cathode electrode 602 have the same material, shape and structure. They are both special-shaped structures and the material is generally stainless steel. The first cathode electrode 601 is in the shape of a disk with a first pit 611 on the left end surface. The left end surface of the first cathode electrode 601 is processed into a first protruding round surface 631, and the right end surface of the first cathode electrode 601 is processed into a first round surface. Corner 621. The second cathode electrode 602 is in the shape of a disk with a second pit 612 on the left end surface. The left end surface of the second cathode electrode 602 is processed into a second protruding round surface 632, and the right end surface of the second cathode electrode 602 is processed into a second round surface. Corner 622. As shown in Figure 11, the maximum radius of the first cathode electrode 601 is equal to _R7 , _R7 is 4cm~5cm, and the maximum thickness is equal to _L4 . The right end edge of the first cathode electrode 601 is processed into a first rounded corner 621 with a radius equal to R ₈ , R ₈ is generally 1 cm to 1.2 cm, and the arc of the first rounded corner 621 is equal to α ₁ , α ₁ =1/2π. The first cathode electrode 601 has a second threaded hole 6011 with a radius equal to R ₄ in the center of the right end surface. The second cathode electrode 602 has a third threaded hole 6021 with a radius equal to R ₄ in the center of the right end surface. The second threaded hole 6011 and The depth of the third threaded hole 6021 is equal to L ₅ , L ₆ <L ₅ <L ₄ and L ₅ +T>L ₁ . The first cathode rod 201 is inserted into the second threaded hole 6011 of the first cathode electrode 601, and the second cathode rod 202 is inserted into the third threaded hole 6021 of the second cathode electrode 602. The left end face of the first cathode electrode 601 is drilled with an eighth through hole 6012 with a radius equal to R ₆ , and the first insulating round rod 421 passes through the eighth through hole 6012 from the left end of the first cathode electrode 601 and is fixedly connected to the first cathode electrode 601; The left end surface of the second cathode electrode 602 is drilled with a ninth through hole 6022 with a radius equal to R ₆ , and the second insulating round rod 422 passes through the ninth through hole 6022 from the left end of the second cathode electrode 602 and is fixedly connected to the second cathode electrode 602; The depths of the eighth through hole 6012 and the ninth through hole 6022 are both equal to L ₆ , L ₆ >L ₃ -(L ₅ +T+w). The left end surface of the first cathode electrode 601 overlaps with the right end surface of the first insulating disc 411 , and the left end surface of the second cathode electrode 602 overlaps with the right end surface of the second insulating disc 412 . The outer ring of the left end of the first cathode electrode 601 is processed into a protruding circular surface 631. The radius of the protruding circular surface 631 is equal to R ₈ and the arc of the circular surface is equal to α ₂ . A first cathode recess 611 is formed at the left end of the first cathode electrode 601. The first cathode recess is The radius of pit 611 is equal to R ₉ . The outer ring of the left end of the second cathode electrode 602 is processed into a protruding circular surface 632, the radius of the protruding circular surface 632 is equal to R ₈ , the arc of the circular surface is equal to α ₂ , α ₂ =π, and a second cathode pit 612 is formed at the left end of the second cathode electrode 602 , the radius of the first cathode pit 612 is equal to R ₉ , R ₄ <R ₉ =R ₇ -2R ₈ .

As shown in Figure 12, the anode electrode 7 has a special-shaped structure and is generally made of stainless steel. The anode electrode 7 is generally in the shape of a hemisphere with a rounded surface at the left end and a protruding right end. As shown in Figure 13, the radius of the hemisphere at the right end of the anode electrode 7 is equal to R ₁₀ and R ₁₀ < R ₁ . The left end edge of the anode electrode 7 is processed into a fillet with a radius equal to R ₈ and the arc of the circle is equal to α ₁ . A fourth threaded hole 71 with a radius equal to R ₄ is drilled into the center of the left end face of the anode electrode 7 . The depth of the fourth threaded hole 71 is L ₇ , L ₇ >L ₁ -T. The anode rod 3 is inserted into the fourth threaded hole 71 of the anode electrode 7 .

A specific embodiment is given below, let it be Embodiment 1. Embodiment 1 The insulating cavity 1 is a cylinder made of organic glass. The insulating cavity 1 is composed of a front insulating end plate 11 , an insulating cylinder 12 and a rear insulating end plate 13 . The insulating cylinder 12 is composed of a front stretched ring 121, a cylindrical cylinder 122 and a rear stretched ring 123. The total length of the insulating cylinder 12 is L=140cm. The side wall thickness of the cylindrical tube 122 is p=0.5cm, the inner radius is R ₁ =17.5cm, and the outer radius is R ₂ =18cm. The inner radius of the front stretching ring 121 is R ₁ =17.5cm, the outer radius R ₃ =20cm, and the thickness is d = 1cm; the front stretching ring 121 has M = 12 holes dug on its circumference with a radius r ₁ =19cm. A through hole 1211 with a diameter of d ₁ =1 cm; the front stretching ring 121 and the rear stretching ring 123 are exactly the same, and the installation position is symmetrical about the center plane AA'. The front insulating end plate 11 is made of organic glass and is disk-shaped, with a disk radius of R ₃ =20 cm and a thickness of T = 3 cm; the radius of the front insulating end plate 11 with the center O as the origin is r ₁ =19 cm. M=12 through holes 111 with a diameter of d ₁ =1 cm are dug on the circumference, and a first through hole 112 with a radius of R ₄ =1.1 cm is drilled at the center O of the front insulating end plate 11 . The rear insulating end plate 13 is made of plexiglass and is disc-shaped, with a radius of R ₃ =20cm and a thickness of T =3cm; the circumference of the rear insulating end plate 13 with a radius of r ₁ =19cm is dug with M = 12 through holes 131 with a diameter of d ₁ =1cm, and the radius of the rear insulating end plate 13 with the center O' as the origin is a circle of r ₂ =10cm, and the positions intersecting with the center line CC' of the rear insulating end plate 13 are respectively Two second through holes 132 and third through holes 133 with a radius of R ₄ =1.1 cm are drilled.

The first cathode rod 201 and the second cathode rod 202 are identical in material, shape and structure. The first cathode rod 201 is a round rod with a disk, which is composed of a first cathode disk 211 and a first cathode round rod 221. The material is stainless steel; the radius of the first cathode disk 211 is R ₅ =2cm, and the thickness is w= 0.5cm; the first cathode rod 221 is a cylinder with a length of L ₁ =4.5cm, an outer radius of R ₄ =1.1cm, and an inner radius of R ₆ =0.5cm. The center of the first cathode rod 201 is dug with a radius of R ₆ = fourth through hole 2011 of 0.5cm.

The anode rod 3 is a round rod with a disk, which is composed of an anode disk 31 and anode round rod 32. The material is stainless steel; the radius of the anode disk 31 is R ₅ =2cm, the thickness is w = 0.5cm, and the length of the anode rod 32 L ₁ = 4.5cm, radius R ₄ = 1.1cm; the anode rod 3 has a first threaded hole 311 with a radius R ₆ = 0.5cm dug from the center of the left end surface of the anode disk 31 to the right, and the depth of the first threaded hole 311 is L ₂ =2cm.

The materials, shapes and structures of the first insulating rod 401 and the second insulating rod 402 are exactly the same. The first insulating rod 401 is a round rod with a disk, which is composed of a first insulating disk 411 and a first insulating round rod 421 and is made of nylon; the first insulating disk 411 has a radius of R ₄ =1.1cm and a thickness of m=0.35cm, the length of the first insulating round rod 421 is L ₃ =9cm, and the radius is R ₆ =0.5cm. A sixth through hole 4011 with a radius of r ₃ =0.2cm is dug in the center of the first insulating rod 401 .

The first trigger lever 51 and the second trigger lever 52 are identical in material, shape and structure. The first trigger rod 51 is in the shape of an elongated round rod, made of stainless steel, with a length of l = 10.5cm and a radius of r ₃ = 0.2cm; the distance between the left end surface of the first trigger rod 51 and the left end surface of the first insulating rod 401 is l ₁ = 0.5cm, the distance between the right end surface of the first trigger rod 51 and the right end surface of the first insulating rod 401 is l ₂ =0.65cm. The first cathode electrode 601 and the second cathode electrode 602 have the same material, shape and structure. They are both special-shaped structures and the material is stainless steel.

The maximum radius of the first cathode electrode 601 is R ₇ =4.5cm, and the maximum thickness is L ₄ =5.5cm. The right end edge of the first cathode electrode 601 is processed into a first rounded corner 621 with a radius of R ₈ =1.1cm. The circular arc of angle 621 is α ₁ =1/2π; the center of the right end surface of the first cathode electrode 601 is drilled with a second threaded hole 6011 with a radius of R ₄ =1.1cm and a depth of L ₅ =2.4cm; the first cathode The left end surface of the electrode 601 is drilled with an eighth through hole 6012 with a radius of R ₆ =0.5cm and a depth of L ₆ =2cm; the outer ring of the left end of the first cathode electrode 601 is processed into a protruding circular surface 631 with a radius of R ₈ =1.1cm, the circular surface radian α ₂ =π, a first cathode pit 611 is formed at the left end of the first cathode electrode 601, and the radius of the first cathode pit 611 is R ₉ =2.3cm.

The anode electrode 7 is in the shape of a hemisphere with a round surface on the left end and a protruding right end, and is made of stainless steel. The radius of the hemisphere at the right end of the anode electrode 7 is R ₁₀ =6cm. The left end surface edge of the anode electrode 7 is processed into a rounded corner with a radius R ₈ =1.1cm. The arc of the round surface is α ₁ =1/2π; the left end surface of the anode electrode 7 A fourth threaded hole 71 with a radius R ₄ =1.1cm is drilled in the center, and the depth of the fourth threaded hole 71 is L ₇ =4cm.

Embodiment 1 has a wide operating voltage distribution range (1kV-300kV) and a μs-level conduction delay, and because the energy introduced by using the trigger rod to trigger the voltage is small, the trigger rod has little impact on the main gap electric field and the electrode burns The possibility of corrosion is low and the high-pressure gas switch can operate stably for a long time with low jitter. Since there is no trigger shaft of the mechanical shunt switch, Embodiment 1 also has the advantages of flexible and safe trigger system, simple structure and good economy. Embodiment 1 adopts a nested form of a trigger rod, an insulating rod, and a cathode rod. During the working process, it is beneficial to electrically isolate the metal trigger rod and the cathode rod through the insulating rod, so as to facilitate the separation of the trigger voltage and the output voltage from each other. The trigger rod and cathode rod are drawn out safely and stably.

Claims (10)

1. A high-power gas shunt switch based on electrical triggering, characterized in that the high-power gas shunt switch based on electrical triggering consists of an insulating cavity (1), 2 cathode rods (2), and 1 anode rod (3 ), 2 insulating rods (4), 2 trigger rods (5), 2 cathode electrodes (6) and 1 anode electrode (7); the 2 cathode rods (2) are fixed in the insulating cavity through through holes (1) on the rear insulating end plate (13); the anode rod (3) is fixed on the front insulating end plate (11) of the insulating cavity (1) through the through hole, and the two cathode electrodes (6) pass through the threaded holes. It is fixed on two cathode rods (2), and the anode electrode (7) is fixed on the anode rod (3) through the threaded hole; the two trigger rods (5) are respectively fixed on the two insulating rods (4) through the through holes. The two insulating rods (4) are inserted into the through holes of the two cathode rods (2) and connected to the two cathode electrodes (6) respectively; The insulating cavity (1) is a cylindrical cavity with two end faces. The insulating cavity (1) is composed of a front insulating end plate (11), an insulating cylinder (12) and a rear insulating end plate (13); Definition One end of the anode electrode (7) connected to the high-voltage power supply is the left end, and one end of the cathode electrode (6) connected to the load is defined as the right end; The front insulating end plate (11) is fixedly installed on the left end of the insulating cylinder (12), and the rear insulating end plate (13) is fixedly installed on the right end of the insulating cylinder (12). The front insulating end plate (11) and the rear insulating end plate (13) ) about the center plane AA' of the insulating cavity (1) that is parallel to the front insulating end plate (11) and the rear insulating end plate (13) and is equidistant from the front insulating end plate (11) and the rear insulating end plate (13). Symmetrical; the thickness of the front insulating end plate (11) is equal to T; The insulating cylinder (12) is composed of a front stretching ring (121), a cylindrical tube (122) and a rear stretching ring (123). The front stretching ring (121) and the rear stretching ring (123) are the same; The total length of the insulating cylinder (12) is equal to L, the thickness of the side wall of the cylinder (122) p=R ₂ -R ₁ , R ₂ >R ₁ , R ₁ is the inner radius of the cylinder (122), and R ₂ is the cylinder (122) ) outer radius; the front stretching ring (121) is welded to the left end of the cylindrical tube (122), and the rear stretching ring (123) is welded to the right end of the cylindrical tube (122); the inner part of the front stretching ring (121) The radius is equal to R ₁ , the outer radius is equal to R ₃ , and the thickness is equal to d. M through holes (1211) with a diameter equal to d ₁ are dug on the circumference of the front stretching ring (121) with a radius equal to r ₁ ; the rear stretching ring (121) has a radius equal to r 1. The inner radius of the ring (123) is equal to R ₁ , the outer radius is equal to R ₃ , and the thickness is equal to d. M through holes with a diameter equal to d ₁ are dug on the circumference of the post-stretched ring (123) with a radius equal to r ₁ (1231); The front insulating end plate (11) is disk-shaped, with a disk radius equal to R ₃ and a thickness equal to T; M holes are dug on the circumference of the front insulating end plate (11) with the center O as the origin and a radius equal to r ₁ hole (111), the right end surface of the front insulating end plate (11) and the left end surface of the front stretching ring (121) are connected through insulating screws; the center O of the front insulating end plate (11) is drilled with a radius equal to R ₄ The first through hole (112), the anode rod 3 is inserted into the first through hole (112) of the front insulating end plate (11); The rear insulating end plate (13) is disk-shaped, with a disk radius equal to R ₃ and a thickness equal to T. It is installed symmetrically with the front insulating end plate (11) about the center plane AA′ at the right end of the insulating cylinder (12); at the rear insulating end M tenth through holes (131) are dug on the circumference of the plate (13) with a radius equal to r ₁ , and the left end surface of the rear insulating end plate (13) and the right end surface of the rear stretching ring (123) are connected through insulating screws; On the rear insulating end plate (13), a circle with a radius equal to r ₂ with the center O' as the origin, and two second holes with a radius equal to R ₄ are drilled at the positions intersecting with the center line CC' of the rear insulating end plate (13). The through hole (132) and the third through hole (133); the second through hole (132) and the third through hole (133) are parallel to the first cathode electrode (601) and the second cathode electrode (602) and are parallel to the first cathode electrode (601) and the second cathode electrode (602). The first cathode electrode (601) and the second cathode electrode (602) are symmetrical up and down on the central plane BB' with equal distances. The second through hole (132) is located at the upper end of the third through hole (133), and in the second through hole (132) The first cathode rod (201) is inserted, and the second cathode rod (202) is inserted into the third through hole (133); The first cathode rod (201) and the second cathode rod (202) have the same material, shape and structure; the first cathode rod (201) is a round rod with a disk, which is composed of the first cathode disk (211) and the first The cathode rod (221) is composed of; the second cathode rod (202) is a round rod with a disk, which is composed of a second cathode disk (212) and a second cathode rod (222); the first cathode disk (211 ) is welded to the right end surface of the first cathode rod (221) to form the first cathode rod (201); the left end surface of the second cathode disk (212) is welded to the right end surface of the second cathode rod (222) to form the third cathode rod (201). Two cathode rods (202); the first cathode disc (211) has a radius equal to R ₆ and a thickness equal to w; the first cathode rod (221) is a cylinder with a length equal to L ₁ , an outer radius equal to R ₄ and an inner radius equal to R ₆ ; the second cathode disc (212) has a radius equal to R ₅ and a thickness equal to w; the second cathode rod (222) is a cylinder with a length equal to L ₁ , an outer radius equal to R ₄ and an inner radius equal to R ₆ ; A cathode round rod (221) passes through the second through hole (132) from the right end of the rear insulating end plate (13) and is fixedly connected to the rear insulating end plate (13), and a second cathode round rod (222) passes through the rear insulating end plate (13). 13) The right end passes through the third through hole (133) and is fixedly connected to the rear insulating end plate (13); a fourth through hole (2011) is dug in the center of the first cathode rod (201), and a fourth through hole (2011) is dug in the center of the second cathode rod (202). A fifth through hole (2021) is dug in the center; the first insulating rod (401) is inserted into the fourth through hole (2011) of the first cathode rod (201), and the fifth through hole (2021) of the second cathode rod (202) 2021) is inserted with a second insulating rod (402); The anode rod (3) is a round rod with a disc, and is composed of an anode disc (31) and an anode round rod (32). The right end face of the anode disc (31) is welded to the left end face of the anode round rod (32). The anode rod (3) is formed; the anode round rod (32) passes through the first through hole (112) from the left side of the front insulating end plate (11) and is fixed in the center of the front insulating end plate (11); the anode rod (3) passes through the first through hole (112) from the left side of the front insulating end plate (11); A first threaded hole (311) is dug to the right in the center of the left end face of the disk (31); The first insulating rod (401) and the second insulating rod (402) have the same material, shape and structure; the first insulating rod (401) is a round rod with a disc, which is composed of the first insulating disc (411) and the first It is composed of an insulating round rod (421). The second insulating rod (402) is a round rod with a disk and is composed of a second insulating disk (412) and a second insulating round rod (422); the first insulating disk (411 ) is welded to the left end face of the first insulating round rod (421) to form the first insulating rod (401); the right end face of the second insulating disk (412) is welded to the left end face of the second insulating round rod (422) Constituting a second insulating rod (402); the first insulating round rod (421) is fixedly connected to the first cathode electrode (601) through the eighth through hole (6012) of the first cathode electrode (601), and the first insulating disc ( The right end surface of 411) coincides with the left end surface of the first cathode electrode (601); the second insulating round rod (422) is fixed to the second cathode electrode (602) through the ninth through hole (6022) of the second cathode electrode (602) connection, the right end surface of the second insulating disk (412) coincides with the left end surface of the second cathode electrode (602); at the same time, the first insulating rod (401) is inserted into the fourth through hole (2011) of the first cathode rod (201) ), the second insulating rod (402) is inserted into the fifth through hole (2021) of the second cathode rod (202); a sixth through hole (4011) is dug in the center of the first insulating rod (401), and the first The trigger rod (51) passes through the sixth through hole (4011) from the left end of the first insulating rod (401) and is coaxially nested in the sixth through hole (4011) with a radius equal to r ₃ ; the second insulating rod (402) A seventh through hole (4021) with a radius equal to r ₃ is dug, and the second trigger rod (52) passes through the seventh through hole (4021) from the left end of the second insulating rod (402) and is coaxially nested in the seventh through hole. (4021) within; The first trigger rod (51) and the second trigger rod (52) have the same material, shape and structure; the first trigger rod (51) and the second trigger rod (52) are both slender round rods. The first trigger rod (51) ) is inserted into the sixth through hole (4011) of the first insulating rod (401), and the second trigger rod (52) is inserted into the seventh through hole (4021) of the second insulating rod (402); The first cathode electrode (601) and the second cathode electrode (602) have the same material, shape and structure, and are both special-shaped structures. The first cathode electrode (601) is generally in the shape of a left end surface with a first cathode pit (611). Disc-shaped, the left end surface of the first cathode electrode (601) is processed into a first protruding circular surface (631), the right end surface of the first cathode electrode (601) is processed into a first rounded corner (621), the first rounded corner (621) The _radius of 632), the right end surface of the second cathode electrode (602) is processed into a second rounded corner (622); the right end surface edge of the first cathode electrode (601) is processed into a first rounded corner (621), and the right end surface of the first cathode electrode (601) is processed into a first rounded corner (621). A second threaded hole (6011) is tapped in the center of the right end face, and a third threaded hole (6021) is tapped in the center of the right end face of the second cathode electrode (602); in the second threaded hole (6011) of the first cathode electrode (601) The first cathode rod (201) is inserted, and the second cathode rod (202) is inserted into the third threaded hole (6021) of the second cathode electrode (602); the left end face of the first cathode electrode (601) has an eighth Through hole (6012), the first insulating round rod (421) passes through the eighth through hole (6012) from the left end of the first cathode electrode (601) and is fixedly connected to the first cathode electrode (601); the second cathode electrode (602) A ninth through hole (6022) is tapped on the left end of the second insulating rod (422), and the second insulating round rod (422) passes through the ninth through hole (6022) from the left end of the second cathode electrode (602) and is fixedly connected to the second cathode electrode (602); The left end surface of the first cathode electrode (601) coincides with the right end surface of the first insulating disk (411), and the left end surface of the second cathode electrode (602) coincides with the right end surface of the second insulating disk (412); The outer ring of the left end of the cathode electrode (601) is processed into a first protruding circular surface (631), and a first cathode pit (611) is formed at the left end of the first cathode electrode (601); the outer ring of the left end of the second cathode electrode (602) is processed into a The second protruding circular surface (632) forms a second cathode pit (612) at the left end of the second cathode electrode (602); The anode electrode (7) has a special-shaped structure. The anode electrode (7) is in the shape of a hemisphere with a rounded surface on the left end and a protruding right end; the left end edge of the anode electrode (7) is processed into a rounded corner; the left end of the anode electrode (7) A fourth threaded hole (71) is tapped in the center of the surface, and an anode rod (3) is inserted into the fourth threaded hole (71). 2. A high-power gas shunt switch based on electrical triggering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the insulating cavity (1) is made of insulating material; the first cathode rod (201) and the The two cathode rods (202) are made of stainless steel; the anode rod (3) is made of stainless steel; the first insulating rod (401) and the second insulating rod (402) are made of insulating materials; the first trigger rod (51) and The material of the second trigger rod (52) is stainless steel; the material of the first cathode electrode (601) and the second cathode electrode (602) is stainless steel; the material of the anode electrode (7) is stainless steel. 3. A high-power gas shunt switch based on electrical triggering according to claim 1, characterized in that the total length L of the insulating cylinder (12) is 13.5cm～14.5cm, and the length of the insulating cylinder (122) is 13.5cm～14.5cm. The radius R ₁ is 17cm～18cm, the outer radius R ₂ of the cylinder (122) is 17.5cm～18.5cm; the inner radius of the front stretching ring (121) is equal to R ₁ , the outer radius R ₃ >R ₂ , and the thickness d is 0.5cm～1.5cm, the radius r ₁ of the upper circumference of the front stretching ring (121) satisfies R ₂ <r ₁ <R ₃ , the diameter of the through hole (1211) The number M of through holes (1211) satisfies 12≤M≤24. 4. A high-power gas shunt switch based on electrical triggering according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the front insulating end plate (11) is T<L ₁ +w; the front insulating end plate (11) The diameter of the through hole (111) is d ₁ , and the radius of the first through hole (112) is R ₄ <R ₁ ; the diameter of the tenth through hole (131) on the rear insulating end plate (13) is d ₁ , described 5. A high-power gas shunt switch based on electrical triggering according to claim 1, characterized in that the first cathode disk (211) has a radius R ₅ >R ₄ and a thickness w of 0.3cm～0.7cm. ; The length L ₁ of the first cathode rod (221) is 4cm ~ 5cm, and the inner radius R ₆ <R ₄ ; the radius of the fourth through hole (2011) dug in the center of the first cathode rod (201) is equal to R ₆ , The radius of the fifth through hole (2021) dug in the center of the two cathode rods (202) is equal to R ₆ . 6. A high-power gas shunt switch based on electrical triggering according to claim 1, characterized in that the anode disc (31) of the anode rod (3) has a radius equal to R ₅ and a thickness equal to w; The length of the rod (32) is equal to L ₁ , the radius is equal to R ₄ , the radius of the first threaded hole (311) is equal to R ₆ , and the depth L ₂ <L ₁ . 7. A high-power gas shunt switch based on electrical triggering according to claim 1, characterized in that the radius of the first insulating disc (411) is equal to R ₄ , and the thickness m is 0.3cm to 0.4cm. An insulating round rod (421) has a length L ₃ >L ₅ +L ₆ +T+w and a radius equal to R ₆ ; a second insulating round rod (412) has a radius equal to R ₄ and a thickness equal to m. The second insulating round rod (422) ) has a length equal to L ₃ and a radius equal to R ₆ ; the sixth through hole (4011) dug in the center of the first insulating rod (401) has a radius r ₃ <R ₆ . 8. A high-power gas shunt switch based on electrical triggering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the length of the first triggering rod (51) and the second triggering rod (52) is l>L ₃ +m , the radius is equal to the radius r ₃ of the sixth through hole (4011); the distance between the left end surface of the first trigger rod (51) and the left end surface of the first insulating rod (401) is l ₁ <R ₈ -m, and the right end of the first trigger rod (51) The distance between the left end surface of the second trigger rod (52) and the right end surface of the first insulating rod (401) is l ₂ =l-(l ₁ +L ₃ +m); the distance between the left end surface of the second trigger rod (52) and the left end surface of the second insulating rod (402) is equal to l ₁ , the distance between the right end surface of the second trigger rod (52) and the right end surface of the second insulating rod (402) is equal to l ₂ . 9. A high-power gas shunt switch based on electrical triggering according to claim 1, characterized in that the maximum radius _R7 of the first cathode electrode (601) is 4cm~5cm, and the maximum thickness The radius R ₈ of the first fillet (621) is 1cm～1.2cm, the arc of the first fillet (621) is α ₁ =1/2π; the radius of the second threaded hole (6011) is equal to R _{4 , and the radius of the third threaded hole is equal to R 4} The radius of (6021) is equal to R ₄ , the depths of the second threaded hole (6011) and the third threaded hole (6021) are both L ₅ , L ₆ <L ₅ <L ₄ and L ₅ +T>L ₁ ; the eighth pass The radius of the hole (6012) is equal to R ₆ , the radius of the ninth through hole (6022) is equal to R ₆ , the depth of the eighth through hole (6012) and the ninth through hole (6022) is L ₆ >L ₃ -(L ₅ +T+w _{; _ _ _ _ _ _} . 10. A high-power gas shunt switch based on electrical triggering according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that the hemispheric radius R ₁₀ <R ₁ at the right end of the anode electrode (7) and the left end of the anode electrode (7) The fillet radius of the surface edge processing is equal to R ₈ , and the arc of the circular surface is equal to α ₁ ; the radius of the fourth threaded hole (71) is equal to R ₄ , and the depth of the fourth threaded hole (71) is L ₇ >L ₁ -T.