CN115489561B - A method for installing and positioning a hook ball joint and a hook ball joint - Google Patents
A method for installing and positioning a hook ball joint and a hook ball joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN115489561B CN115489561B CN202211174657.0A CN202211174657A CN115489561B CN 115489561 B CN115489561 B CN 115489561B CN 202211174657 A CN202211174657 A CN 202211174657A CN 115489561 B CN115489561 B CN 115489561B
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- coupler
- mandrel
- spherical hinge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
- B61G1/00—Couplings comprising interengaging parts of different shape or form and having links, bars, pins, shackles, or hooks as coupling means
- B61G1/32—Couplings comprising interengaging parts of different shape or form and having links, bars, pins, shackles, or hooks as coupling means with horizontal bolt or pin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
- B61G7/00—Details or accessories
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种车钩球铰安装定位方法及车钩球铰：轨道车辆相邻车厢端部分别设置车钩球铰、球铰座及车钩。车钩球铰包括芯轴、橡胶体及外套，车钩上设置有等腰梯形的锥形槽，同时在芯轴两端设置有与锥形槽相同锥角的等腰梯形锥面，车钩球铰芯轴的两端安装在车钩的锥形槽内，实现芯轴与车钩之间无间隙配合。从而将车钩球铰稳固安装定位在车钩内，防止芯轴在车钩内窜动、转动和芯轴磨损。避免芯轴与车钩之间的碰撞，以及由此而产生的噪音。另外这种锥面配合方式能够很容易分离，便于车钩球铰的安装和更换。
The present invention discloses a method for installing and positioning a coupler ball joint and a coupler ball joint: a coupler ball joint, a ball joint seat and a coupler are respectively arranged at the ends of adjacent carriages of a rail vehicle. The coupler ball joint includes a core shaft, a rubber body and a sleeve. An isosceles trapezoidal conical groove is arranged on the coupler. At the same time, isosceles trapezoidal conical surfaces with the same cone angle as the conical groove are arranged at both ends of the core shaft. Both ends of the coupler ball joint core shaft are installed in the conical groove of the coupler to achieve a gap-free fit between the core shaft and the coupler. The coupler ball joint is thereby firmly installed and positioned in the coupler to prevent the core shaft from moving and rotating in the coupler and the core shaft from wearing. The collision between the core shaft and the coupler and the noise generated thereby are avoided. In addition, this conical surface fit method can be easily separated, which is convenient for the installation and replacement of the coupler ball joint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit, in particular to a car coupler spherical hinge installation and positioning method and a car coupler spherical hinge.
Background
The carriages of the rail transit vehicle are connected through the coupler spherical hinge, and the coupler spherical hinge is utilized to transfer traction force. Because the mandrel of the existing coupler spherical hinge is round or square, the mandrel is arranged in the concave coupler, and the following problems exist in the installation mode:
1. And gaps exist between the mandrel and the coupler, so that the mandrel and the coupler generate impact and collision, and the rail transit vehicle is not stable to run.
2. The coupler spherical hinge can be damaged due to long-term collision and needs to be replaced frequently, so that the service life of the coupler spherical hinge is shortened, and the maintenance and operation cost is increased.
3. The collision between the mandrel and the coupler also generates noise, and the comfortable experience of passengers is reduced.
4. The spindle is moved and rotated within the coupler, causing the spindle to wear.
5. The mandrel is difficult to withdraw from the coupler, so that the installation and replacement of the coupler spherical hinge are inconvenient.
6. The coupler ball hinge has large size and heavy weight, and light weight improvement is necessary.
The existing coupler spherical hinge has a gap between the mandrel and the coupler, so that the mandrel and the coupler impact and collide, so that rail transit vehicles do not run stably, the coupler spherical hinge can be damaged due to long-term collision and needs to be replaced frequently, the service life of the coupler spherical hinge is shortened, and the maintenance and operation cost is increased. In addition, noise can be generated when the mandrel collides with the coupler, so that comfortable experience of passengers is reduced.
Through patent search, the patents related to the invention mainly comprise the following patents:
1. The invention is applied for '200610136996.4', the application date is '2006.12.30', the publication date is 'CN 101011974A', the publication date is '2007.08.08', the invention is named as 'a railway vehicle connecting method and device', and the invention is applied for 'a China south China train group plant vehicle factory', and the invention is connected by adopting a mode of connecting a male connecting hinge seat and a female connecting hinge seat which are not supported on a bogie. The connecting hinge consists of a female connecting hinge seat, a male connecting hinge seat, a traction pin, a hemispherical cushion, a concave spherical cushion plate and a wedge-shaped cushion plate, wherein the female connecting hinge seat and the male connecting hinge seat are respectively fixedly connected to two adjacent vehicle ends, a single-piece hinge head of the male connecting hinge seat is arranged between two-piece hinge heads of the female connecting hinge seat, a gap is vertically reserved between the single-piece hinge head of the male connecting hinge seat and the two-piece hinge heads of the female connecting hinge seat, the vertical mutual dislocation of the single-piece hinge head and the two-piece hinge heads of the female connecting hinge seat is allowed, and the female connecting hinge seat and the male connecting hinge seat are connected together by a cylindrical traction pin. The front end of the male connection hinged support head is a convex sphere, a concave sphere backing plate is matched with the convex sphere, and a wedge backing plate is additionally arranged between the concave sphere backing plate and the inclined plane of the female connection hinged support, so that the spherical hinge which is longitudinally connected without gaps and can rotate in a universal way is formed. The patent adopts the traction pin connection instead of the coupling ball hinge connection, and does not have the buffering and damping effects. And the device is formed by assembling a plurality of separated parts, and has complicated connection and assembly and poor reliability.
2. The invention relates to a traction node for a train bogie, which is provided with mounting holes at two ends of a mandrel made of metal materials, and is characterized by having application numbers of 201010285684.6, 2010.09.15, CN102398619A, 2012.04.04, traction node for a train bogie and Chinese invention patent of Liyang Dairy railway equipment Co., ltd. The middle section of the mandrel is in a waist drum-shaped structure. The middle section of the mandrel is sleeved with an outer sleeve made of metal materials, and the inner ring of the outer sleeve is of a circular arc-shaped structure. A rubber layer is arranged between the middle section of the mandrel and the outer sleeve. The middle section of the mandrel and the outer sleeve are fixedly connected into a whole through rubber vulcanization of the rubber layer. The patent does not relate to a coupler ball hinge installation positioning mode, and also does not relate to the technical problem that a mandrel and a coupler can generate impact and collision.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a car coupler spherical hinge installation and positioning method and a car coupler spherical hinge aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme includes that the coupler spherical hinge installation positioning method comprises the steps that coupler spherical hinges, a spherical hinge seat and a coupler are respectively arranged at the end parts of adjacent carriages of a railway vehicle, the coupler spherical hinge comprises a mandrel, a rubber body and an outer sleeve, the outer sleeve is sleeved in the middle of the mandrel, the rubber body is filled between the mandrel and the outer sleeve, the coupler spherical hinge is fixed on the spherical hinge seat, a mandrel groove is formed in the coupler, two ends of the coupler spherical hinge mandrel are arranged in the mandrel groove of the coupler, and therefore the adjacent two carriages are in traction connection. By means of the installation and positioning mode of no clearance between the mandrel of the coupler spherical hinge and the coupler, impact and collision between the mandrel and the mandrel groove are avoided, noise caused by collision is prevented, and rail transit vehicles are enabled to run stably.
Furthermore, the gapless installation is that a conical surface is arranged on the mandrel, meanwhile, a mandrel groove of the coupler is a conical groove with an upward opening, the conical groove and the conical surface on the mandrel have the same conical angle alpha, after the mandrel is installed in the conical groove, a groove bottom assembly gap is formed between the top end of the conical surface and the groove bottom of the conical groove, and then pressure towards the conical groove is applied on the mandrel, so that the mandrel is installed and positioned in the conical groove. The conical surface matching mode can realize zero clearance matching between the mandrel and the coupler, firmly install and position the coupler spherical hinge in the coupler, and prevent the mandrel from moving, rotating and wearing in the coupler. Collision between the mandrel and the coupler and noise generated by the collision are avoided. In addition, the conical surface matching mode can be easily separated, and installation and replacement of the coupler spherical hinge are facilitated.
The car coupler spherical hinge for realizing the car coupler spherical hinge mounting and positioning method comprises a mandrel, a rubber body and an outer sleeve, wherein the outer sleeve is sleeved in the middle of the mandrel, and the rubber body is filled between the mandrel and the outer sleeve. Two conical surfaces are respectively arranged at two ends of the mandrel, and the cone angle alpha between the two conical surfaces is equal to the cone angle alpha of the conical groove on the coupler. So as to ensure that the mandrel is tightly matched with the conical groove.
Further, alpha is less than or equal to 2 x arctg (mu+G/F) so as to ensure that the component force of pulling the mandrel out of the conical groove is always smaller than the friction force and the gravity of the coupler spherical hinge, so that the pressing force required when the mandrel is installed is reduced, and the mandrel is ensured not to be separated from the coupler.
Further, the cross section of the mandrel is isosceles trapezoid.
Further, the cone angle alpha between two waists of the isosceles trapezoid is less than or equal to 17 degrees.
Further, the free surfaces at the two ends of the rubber body are concave arc-shaped, and the radius of the free surfaces is less than or equal to 18mm. The area of the free surface is increased, the torsional deformation between the mandrel and the outer sleeve of the coupler spherical hinge is adapted, the stress concentration at the joint of the rubber body and the mandrel and the outer sleeve is reduced, and the cracking and separation of the joint of the rubber body and the mandrel and the outer sleeve are prevented.
Further, the mandrel is provided with a shaft hole penetrating through the axial direction. The weight of the coupler spherical hinge can be reduced, the light weight requirement can be met, and the production cost can be reduced.
Further, the ratio of the diameter of the shaft hole to the diameter of the mandrel is less than or equal to 0.57. On the premise of ensuring the strength and rigidity of the coupler spherical hinge, the weight of the coupler spherical hinge is reduced as much as possible.
Further, mounting holes along the isosceles trapezoid symmetry axis are arranged at two ends of the mandrel. The pressing bolt penetrates through the mounting hole to mount and position the mandrel in the coupler, so that the mounting part is further simplified, and the cost is reduced.
The coupler has the beneficial effects that the conical grooves are formed in the coupler, and the conical surfaces with the same cone angle as the conical grooves are formed at the two ends of the mandrel, so that the gap-free matching between the mandrel and the coupler can be realized, the coupler spherical hinge is firmly installed and positioned in the coupler, and the mandrel is prevented from moving, rotating and wearing in the coupler. Collision between the mandrel and the coupler and noise generated by the collision are avoided. In addition, the conical surface matching mode can be easily separated, and installation and replacement of the coupler spherical hinge are facilitated.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional coupler ball hinge installation,
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior art coupler,
Figure 3 is a schematic view of a spherical hinge of a coupler according to the present invention,
Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a front view of a coupler ball hinge of the present invention,
Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a coupler knuckle of the present invention,
Figure 6 is a schematic front view of the installation mode 1 of the coupler spherical hinge of the invention,
Figure 7 is a schematic top view of the coupler ball pivot mounting 1 of the present invention,
Figure 8 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion of figure 6,
Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a coupler of the present invention,
Figure 10 is a schematic front view of the coupler ball pivot mounting 2 of the present invention,
Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating the stress analysis of a coupler ball hinge according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1-car coupler spherical hinge, 11-mandrel, 111-conical surface, alpha-conical angle, h-reserved groove bottom assembly gap, 112-shaft hole, 113-mounting hole, D1-mandrel diameter, D2-mandrel hole diameter, 12-rubber body, 121-free surface, R121-free surface radius, 13-jacket, 2-ball-and-socket, 3-car coupler, 31-mandrel groove, 311-conical groove, 32-gland, 33-compression bolt, F-traction force, F1-conical surface direction component force, N-normal stress, mu-friction coefficient, F-friction force and G-spherical hinge gravity.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below by means of specific embodiments in connection with the accompanying drawings:
As shown in figures 1 and 2, the end parts of adjacent carriages of the railway vehicle are respectively provided with a coupler spherical hinge 1, a spherical hinge seat 2 and a coupler 3, the coupler spherical hinge 1 comprises a mandrel 11, a rubber body 12 and an outer sleeve 13, the outer sleeve 13 is sleeved in the middle of the mandrel 11, the rubber body 12 is filled between the mandrel 11 and the outer sleeve 13, the coupler spherical hinge 1 is fixed on the spherical hinge seat 2, the coupler 3 is provided with a mandrel groove 31, and two ends of the mandrel 11 of the coupler spherical hinge 1 are arranged in the mandrel groove 31 of the coupler 3, so that traction connection of the two adjacent carriages is realized.
The spindle 11 of the existing coupler knuckle 1 is generally circular or square, and the spindle slot 31 is generally square. When the coupler spherical hinge 1 is installed on the coupler 3, a gap exists between the mandrel 11 and the coupler 3, so that the mandrel 11 and the coupler 3 generate impact and collision, the rail transit vehicle is not stable to run, the coupler spherical hinge 1 is damaged due to long-term collision and needs to be replaced frequently, the service life of the coupler spherical hinge 1 is shortened, and the maintenance and operation cost is improved. And when the mandrel 11 and the coupler 3 are corroded, the mandrel 11 is difficult to withdraw from the square mandrel groove 31, and the coupler spherical hinge 1 is difficult to replace. In addition, the collision between the mandrel 11 and the coupler 3 also generates noise, and the comfort experience of passengers is reduced.
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, the coupler ball hinge 1 of the present invention comprises a core shaft 11, a rubber body 12 and a jacket 13, wherein the jacket 13 is sleeved in the middle of the core shaft 11, and the rubber body 12 is filled between the core shaft 11 and the jacket 13. Two conical surfaces 111 are respectively arranged at two ends of the mandrel 11, the cross section of the mandrel 11 is isosceles trapezoid, and the cone angle between two waists of the isosceles trapezoid is alpha. The spindle 11 is provided with a shaft hole 112 penetrating in the axial direction. The weight of the coupler spherical hinge 1 can be reduced, the light weight requirement can be met, and the production cost can be reduced. The ratio of the diameter D2 of the shaft hole to the diameter D1 of the mandrel is less than or equal to 0.57. When d2/d1=0.57, the coupler spherical hinge 1 can be reduced by 8% under the premise of ensuring the strength and rigidity of the coupler spherical hinge 1. Mounting holes 113 along the isosceles trapezoid symmetry axis are provided on both ends of the mandrel 11.
The free surfaces 121 at the two ends of the rubber body 12 are concave arcs, and the radius R121 of the free surfaces is less than or equal to 18mm. The area of the free surface 121 is increased, the torsional deformation between the mandrel 11 and the jacket 13 of the coupler spherical hinge 1 is adapted, the stress concentration at the joint of the rubber body 12 and the mandrel 11 and the jacket 13 is reduced, and the joint of the rubber body 12 and the mandrel 11 and the jacket 13 is prevented from cracking and separating.
As shown in fig. 6 to 9, in embodiment 1 of the present invention, the mandrel groove 31 of the coupler 3 is a tapered groove 311, the tapered groove 311 is an isosceles trapezoid, and the wide side of the isosceles trapezoid is opened upwards. The tapered slot 311 has the same taper angle α as the taper 111 on the mandrel 11. After the mandrel 11 is installed in the tapered slot 311, the gland 32 is pressed onto the mandrel 11, and the mandrel 11 is installed and positioned in the tapered slot 311 by using the compression bolt 33. At this time, a reserved groove bottom assembly gap h of 2-5 mm is further formed between the top end of the conical surface 111 of the mandrel 11 and the groove bottom of the conical groove 311 of the coupler 3, so that the mandrel 11 has a descending space in the conical groove 311, and a tight fit between the conical surface 111 of the mandrel 11 and the conical groove 311 without gaps is achieved. The coupler spherical hinge 1 is firmly installed and positioned in the coupler 3, so that the mandrel 11 is prevented from moving, rotating and being worn in the coupler 3. Collision between the spindle 11 and the coupler 3, and noise generated thereby, is avoided. In addition, by adopting the conical surface matching mode, the mandrel 11 can be withdrawn from the conical groove 311 only by pulling the mandrel 11 towards the opening direction of the conical groove 311, so that the installation and the replacement of the coupler spherical hinge 1 are facilitated.
As shown in fig. 10, embodiment 2 of the present invention is different from embodiment 1 in that the core shaft 11 is installed and positioned in the coupler 3 by means of the pressing bolt 33 penetrating the installation hole 113, further simplifying the installation components and reducing the cost.
The stress state of the coupler ball joint according to the present invention is shown in fig. 11, in which the coupler ball joint 1 is subjected to a conical force direction component force F1, f1=f×sin (α/2) due to the traction force F, and the conical surface 111 of the coupler ball joint 1 is also subjected to a positive pressure N generated by the conical groove 311. N=f×cos (α/2), positive pressure N will generate friction force F, f=μ×f×cos (α/2) on the cone 111. The spherical hinge gravity G can be decomposed into a component force g×sin (α/2) in the same direction as the friction force f. When the following conditions are met, the component force of pulling the mandrel 11 out of the conical groove 311 is always smaller than the sum of the friction force and the gravity component force of the coupler spherical hinge 1, so that the pressing force required when the mandrel 11 is installed is reduced, and the mandrel 11 is ensured not to be separated from the coupler 3.
F1≤f+ G×sin(α/2);
F×sin(α/2)≤μ×F×cos(α/2)+ G×sin(α/2);
From the above equation it is ensured that the spindle 11 will not come out of the coupler 3 when α is 2 x arctg (μ+g/F).
Since the spherical hinge gravity is much smaller than the traction force F, the G/F is negligible. When both the mandrel 11 and the tapered groove 311 are made of steel, the friction coefficient μ0.15 of the steel is substituted into the above to obtain α.ltoreq.17°.
In summary, the invention has the beneficial effects that the conical grooves are arranged on the coupler, and the conical surfaces with the same cone angle as the conical grooves are arranged at the two ends of the mandrel, so that the clearance fit between the mandrel and the coupler can be realized, the coupler spherical hinge is firmly installed and positioned in the coupler, and the mandrel is prevented from moving, rotating and being worn in the coupler. Collision between the mandrel and the coupler and noise generated by the collision are avoided. In addition, the conical surface matching mode can be easily separated, and installation and replacement of the coupler spherical hinge are facilitated.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, not for limiting the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the relevant art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, so that all equivalent technical solutions shall fall within the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A car coupler spherical hinge installation positioning method is characterized in that car coupler spherical hinges (1), a spherical hinge seat (2) and car couplers (3) are respectively arranged at the end parts of adjacent carriage of a railway vehicle, each car coupler spherical hinge (1) comprises a mandrel (11), a rubber body (12) and an outer sleeve (13), the outer sleeve (13) is sleeved in the middle of the mandrel (11), the rubber body (12) is filled between the mandrel (11) and the outer sleeve (13), the car coupler spherical hinges (1) are fixed on the spherical hinge seat (2), mandrel grooves (31) are arranged on the car couplers (3), two ends of a mandrel (11) of each car coupler spherical hinge (1) are arranged in the mandrel grooves (31) of the car couplers (3) so as to realize traction connection between two adjacent carriage, the car coupler spherical hinge installation positioning method is characterized in that a clearance-free installation positioning mode between the mandrel (11) and the mandrel grooves (31) is used for avoiding the generation of impact and collision between the mandrel (11) and noise caused by collision, so that the railway vehicle runs stably, the clearance-free conical surface is arranged on the mandrel (11), meanwhile, the mandrel grooves (3) are provided with conical grooves (311) which are formed by the same conical grooves (311) in the tapered grooves (311) of the car couplers (11), a reserved groove bottom assembly gap (h) is reserved between the top end of the conical surface (111) and the groove bottom of the conical groove (311), then pressure towards the conical groove (311) is applied to the mandrel (11), the mandrel (11) is installed and positioned in the conical groove (311), the cone angle alpha is less than or equal to 2 x arctg (mu+G/F), G is the gravity of a spherical hinge, F is traction force, and mu is the friction coefficient of steel of the mandrel (11) and the conical groove (311).
2. The method for installing and positioning the coupler spherical hinge according to claim 1, wherein the cross section of the mandrel (11) is isosceles trapezoid.
3. The method for installing and positioning the coupler spherical hinge according to claim 2, wherein the cone angle alpha between two waists of the isosceles trapezoid is less than or equal to 17 degrees.
4. The method for installing and positioning the car coupler spherical hinge according to claim 3, wherein the free surfaces (121) at the two ends of the rubber body (12) are concave arcs, and the radius (R121) of the free surfaces is less than or equal to 18mm.
5. The method for installing and positioning a coupler ball pivot according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the spindle (11) is provided with a shaft hole (112) penetrating through the axial direction.
6. The method for installing and positioning a coupler ball hinge according to claim 5, wherein the ratio of the diameter (D2) of the shaft hole to the diameter (D1) of the mandrel is less than or equal to 0.5.
7. The method for installing and positioning the coupler spherical hinge according to claim 6, wherein the installing holes (113) along the isosceles trapezoid symmetry axis are arranged on the two ends of the mandrel (11).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211174657.0A CN115489561B (en) | 2022-09-26 | 2022-09-26 | A method for installing and positioning a hook ball joint and a hook ball joint |
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| CN202211174657.0A CN115489561B (en) | 2022-09-26 | 2022-09-26 | A method for installing and positioning a hook ball joint and a hook ball joint |
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| CN115489561B true CN115489561B (en) | 2025-02-14 |
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| CN104512432A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2015-04-15 | Ta萨弗里有限公司 | Coupler |
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| CN100360285C (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2008-01-09 | 浙江工业大学 | A six-degree-of-freedom steel-belt parallel robot mechanism |
| EP2412550B1 (en) * | 2010-07-31 | 2016-02-10 | WESTFALIA - Automotive GmbH | Tow bar |
| CN102556097B (en) * | 2011-01-01 | 2014-07-30 | 齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司 | Central suspension device and high-speed truck bogie with same |
| CN104960541B (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2018-01-12 | 中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司 | Rolling stock and its joint connector |
| CN107458413A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2017-12-12 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Freely be articulated and connected method and articulated system between a kind of low floor vehicle car body |
| CN108980245B (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2021-05-14 | 株洲时代瑞唯减振装备有限公司 | Assembling method of split motor spherical hinge and motor spherical hinge |
| CN209112182U (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-07-16 | 青岛亚荣科技有限公司 | Hinge linkage on a kind of buffer-type |
| CN209833634U (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-12-24 | 溧阳市振大铁路设备有限公司 | Central pin bush for railway vehicle bogie traction device |
| CN110979353A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-04-10 | 株洲春华实业有限责任公司 | Automatic connection coupler for aerial rail vehicle |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101480960A (en) * | 2009-02-26 | 2009-07-15 | 齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司 | Longitudinal towing mechanism and steering frame with the longitudinal towing mechanism |
| CN104512432A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2015-04-15 | Ta萨弗里有限公司 | Coupler |
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