CN115488756A

CN115488756A - Precise spherical grinding and polishing machine

Info

Publication number: CN115488756A
Application number: CN202211219350.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈耀龙
Original assignee: Suzhou Chenna Automation Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Suzhou Chenna Automation Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-09-30
Filing date: 2022-09-30
Publication date: 2022-12-20

Abstract

The invention provides a precise spherical surface grinding and polishing machine, and relates to the technical field of precise machine tools. The precise spherical grinding and polishing machine comprises a machine body, a swing frame and a main shaft, wherein the swing frame and the main shaft are arranged on the machine body; the swing frame is provided with a distance adjusting mechanism; the swing frame can swing around the central axis relative to the bed body; the main shaft can move along the self axis direction and can rotate around the self axis; the axis of the main shaft is vertically intersected with the central axis; the free end of the main shaft is used for fixing a workpiece or a polishing tool; the driving direction of the distance adjusting mechanism is perpendicular to the central axis and intersected with the central axis, and the free end of the distance adjusting mechanism is used for arranging a polishing tool or fixing a workpiece. According to the precise spherical grinding and polishing machine, the lifting mechanism and the distance adjusting mechanism are utilized to respectively adjust the spatial positions of the workpiece and the polishing tool/grinding tool, so that the swing radius of the polishing tool/grinding tool is equal to the curvature radius of the workpiece, concentric swing is realized, and the processing precision and efficiency of the workpiece are improved.

Description

Precise spherical grinding and polishing machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of precision machine tools, in particular to a precision spherical grinding and polishing machine.

Background

In the conventional spherical polishing machine tool, no matter an upper swing machine or a lower swing machine, the swing radius of a polishing tool is strictly equal to the curvature radius of a workpiece only under special conditions, and concentric swing can be realized. In most cases, the two dimensions are usually unequal, and concentric oscillation cannot be realized, so that the spherical polishing effect of the workpiece is poor.

The existing spherical polishing machine tool only designs the position adjustment operation of a workpiece, and the polishing tool can be temporarily replaced according to different sizes of different workpieces. Then, for workpieces having a plurality of different radii of curvature, polishing tools of different sizes need to be stocked, and the polishing tools need to be replaced by frequent operations in order to meet production requirements. At the moment, the types of workshop equipment are required to be more, the flexibility of equipment use is low, the equipment purchase cost is higher, meanwhile, the production efficiency is reduced due to frequent tool replacement, and the machining precision cannot be guaranteed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a precise spherical surface grinding and polishing machine, which is helpful for solving the technical problems.

The invention is realized in the following way:

a precise spherical grinding and polishing machine comprises a machine body, a swing frame and a main shaft, wherein the swing frame and the main shaft are arranged on the machine body; the swing frame is provided with a distance adjusting mechanism; the swing frame can swing around a central axis relative to the lathe bed; the main shaft can move along the axis direction of the main shaft and can rotate around the axis of the main shaft; the axis of the main shaft is perpendicularly intersected with the central axis; the free end of the main shaft is used for fixing a workpiece or a polishing tool; the driving direction of the distance adjusting mechanism is perpendicular to the central axis and is intersected with the central axis, and the free end of the distance adjusting mechanism is used for arranging a polishing tool or fixing a workpiece; the main shaft and the distance adjusting mechanism can be close to or far away from the central axis.

The polishing tool can also be replaced by a grinding tool.

When the precise spherical grinding and polishing machine is used, firstly, a workpiece is clamped and fixed at the free end of the main shaft, the central position of the spherical surface of the workpiece in the vertical direction is determined by adjusting the linear moving position of the main shaft, and the central position of the spherical surface of the workpiece is ensured to be positioned on the central axis of the swing frame. Secondly, the distance adjusting mechanism is adjusted to enable the polishing tool to be attached to the workpiece, and the swing radius of the polishing tool is guaranteed to be equal to the curvature radius of the workpiece. And finally, concentric swinging is realized, and the polishing precision and efficiency of the workpiece are improved. The mounting positions of the workpiece and the polishing tool are changed with respect to each other.

In the above technical solution, further, the distance adjusting mechanism includes a driving cylinder and a stylus; the driving cylinder is arranged on the swing frame, the stylus is arranged on the driving cylinder, and the free end of the stylus is used for arranging the polishing tool or fixing a workpiece; the driving air cylinder can drive the stylus to move. The technical effects are as follows: the fine setting effect that drives actuating cylinder is obvious and the adjustment is efficient, and drives actuating cylinder and stylus independent setting respectively, can guarantee to drive actuating cylinder's independent stability. In addition, the polishing tool should be fixedly mounted with the stylus in a detachable manner to facilitate maintenance and replacement thereof.

In any one of the above technical solutions, further, the distance adjusting mechanism is further provided with a proportional valve or a pressure regulating valve, the proportional valve or the pressure regulating valve is arranged on the swing frame, and the proportional valve or the pressure regulating valve is used for regulating the pneumatic pressure of the driving cylinder. The technical effects are as follows: proportional valve or air-vent valve can the accurate control drive actuating cylinder's pressure value to realize polishing tool's accurate positioning. The proportional valve or the pressure regulating valve is respectively beneficial to the automatic or manual control of the driving cylinder.

In any one of the above technical solutions, further, the distance adjusting mechanism is further provided with a guide frame and a guide rail, the guide rail is located on the swing frame, the guide frame is arranged on the guide rail and connected with the stylus pen, and the guide frame and the guide rail are used for limiting the moving direction of the stylus pen. The technical effects are as follows: the guide frame and the guide rail can improve the accuracy of linear movement of the stylus, so that the stylus still keeps the accuracy of middle positioning in the processes of multiple use and multiple adjustment.

In any of the above technical solutions, further, an oldham coupling is further disposed at a free end of the stylus, and the stylus is connected to the polishing tool or the fixed workpiece through the oldham coupling. The technical effects are as follows: the cross coupling is connected with the polishing tool, and the tail end of the cross coupling is provided with a rotating shaft connected with the driving block, so that the transmission of a polishing pressure value, the rotation of the polishing tool and the micro-angle movement of the polishing tool relative to a workpiece are realized.

In any of the above technical solutions, further, a sliding table is further disposed on the bed body; the main shaft is arranged on the sliding table, and the sliding table can drive the main shaft to move; the sliding table is further provided with a driving module, and the driving module is used for driving the main shaft to rotate. The technical effects are as follows: the movement control (the sliding table is opposite to the lathe bed) and the rotation control (the main shaft is opposite to the sliding table) of the main shaft depend on different working platforms respectively, and the static positioning precision and the polishing dynamic precision of the workpiece can be further improved.

In any one of the above technical solutions, further, the sliding table and the main shaft form a lifting mechanism; the lifting mechanisms and the distance adjusting mechanisms are multiple; the lifting mechanisms correspond to the distance adjusting mechanisms one to one. The technical effects are as follows: in this case, in the same polishing and grinding process, a plurality of workpieces having the same or different curvature radii can be simultaneously polished, and the operation efficiency of the equipment is improved.

In any of the above technical solutions, further, one or more bearing seats are further disposed on the bed, and the swing frame is movably disposed on the bed through the bearing seats. The technical effects are as follows: the plurality of bearing seats can further improve the swing precision of the polishing tool and prevent the position deviation after long-term use. Preferably, the plurality of bearing blocks should be arranged on the same axis.

In any of the above technical solutions, further, a balancing mechanism is further disposed on the swing frame; the balance mechanism comprises a belt pulley and a balancing weight, the belt pulley is arranged on a rotating shaft of the swing frame, and the balancing weight is detachably arranged on the belt pulley. The technical effects are as follows: the polishing tool bears load during working, each part has different weight, and a balance mechanism consisting of a belt pulley and a balancing weight is arranged on a rotating shaft of the swing frame, so that the dynamic balance of the swing frame can be realized.

In any of the above technical solutions, further, a balancing mechanism is further disposed on the swing frame; the balance mechanism comprises an air cylinder or an oil cylinder. The technical effects are as follows: the polishing tool bears load during working, each part has different weight, and the air cylinder or the oil cylinder is arranged on the rotating shaft of the swing frame to serve as a balance mechanism, so that static balance of the swing frame can be achieved.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the precise spherical grinding and polishing machine, the spatial position of the workpiece is adjusted by the lifting mechanism, the spatial position of the polishing tool is adjusted by the distance adjusting mechanism, the swing radius of the polishing tool is ensured to be equal to the curvature radius of the workpiece, concentric swing is realized, and the polishing precision and efficiency of the workpiece are improved. The use flexibility of the equipment components is improved, the equipment purchase cost of enterprises is reduced, frequent tool replacement is avoided, and the working efficiency of the production line is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a precision spherical grinding and polishing machine provided by the invention.

Icon: 100-bed body; 110-a bearing seat; 200-a swing frame; 210-a central axis; 220-a distance adjusting mechanism; 221-driving a cylinder; 222-a stylus; 223-a guide frame; 231-a pulley; 232-counterweight block; 300-a lifting mechanism; 310-a slide table; 320-a main shaft; 400-a workpiece; 500-polishing tool.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of embodiments of the present invention that are generally described and illustrated in the figures can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are conventionally placed in use, and are only used for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhang" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.

In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Some embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below and the features of the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a precision spherical grinding and polishing machine, which includes a machine body 100, and a swing frame 200 and a spindle 320 disposed on the machine body 100; the swing frame 200 is provided with a distance adjusting mechanism 220.

Wherein, the swing frame 200 can swing around the central axis 210 relative to the bed 100; the main shaft 320 can move along the axis direction of the main shaft and can rotate around the axis of the main shaft; the axis of the main shaft 320 perpendicularly intersects the central axis 210; the free end of the spindle 320 is used to fix the workpiece 400 or the polishing tool 500; the driving direction of the distance adjusting mechanism 220 is perpendicular to the central axis 210 and intersects with the central axis 210, and the free end of the distance adjusting mechanism 220 is used for arranging the polishing tool 500 or fixing the workpiece 400; spindle 320 is capable of driving workpiece 400 (polishing tool 500) toward or away from central axis 210, and pitch mechanism 220 is capable of driving polishing tool 500 (workpiece 400) toward or away from central axis 210.

Note that, in the above configuration, when the bed 100 is horizontally placed, the central axis 210 is located in a horizontal position. And the swing frame 200 includes a physical rotation shaft, a swing link, and a plurality of swing arms connecting the physical rotation shaft and the swing link. The swing rod is also located in a horizontal position and parallel to the physical rotating shaft, and the distance adjusting mechanism 220 is arranged on the horizontal swing rod.

It should be noted that the precision spherical surface grinding and polishing machine can grind/polish the convex and concave spherical surfaces of the workpiece 400, and the material of the workpiece 400 can be quartz, ceramic, glass, optical crystal, etc.

The swing frame 200 is preferably driven by a servo motor driving transmission mechanism such as a belt transmission, a worm gear transmission, a planetary reducer transmission, a crank link mechanism, and the like. The lathe bed 100 is preferably made of natural granite, has the characteristics of good thermal stability and small deformation, does not participate in stress release basically, and can be fixed by welding steel sectional materials.

The working principle and the operation method of the precise spherical grinding and polishing machine of the embodiment are as follows:

first, the workpiece 400 is clamped and fixed at the free end of the spindle 320, and the center position of the spherical surface of the workpiece 400 in the vertical direction is determined by adjusting the linear moving position of the spindle 320, so as to ensure that the spherical center of the workpiece 400 is located on the central axis 210 of the swing frame 200. Next, the pitch adjustment mechanism 220 is adjusted to make the polishing tool 500 fit to the workpiece 400, and ensure that the swing radius of the polishing tool 500 is equal to the curvature radius of the workpiece 400. And finally, concentric oscillation is realized, and the polishing precision and efficiency of the workpiece 400 are improved. The mounting positions of the workpiece 400 and the polishing tool 500 are exchanged with each other.

Also, the polishing tool 500 may be replaced with an abrasive tool.

On the basis of the above embodiment, further, as shown in fig. 1, the distance adjustment mechanism 220 includes a driving cylinder 221 and a stylus 222; a driving cylinder 221 is provided on the swing frame 200, a stylus 222 is provided on the driving cylinder 221, and a free end of the stylus 222 is used for setting the polishing tool 500 or for fixing the workpiece 400; the driving cylinder 221 can drive the stylus 222 to move.

In addition to the above embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the distance adjusting mechanism 220 is further provided with a proportional valve (not labeled) or a pressure regulating valve (not labeled), the proportional valve or the pressure regulating valve is provided on the swing frame 200, and the proportional valve or the pressure regulating valve is used for regulating the pneumatic pressure of the driving cylinder 221. In consideration of installation space and handling convenience of the apparatus, a proportional valve or a pressure regulating valve may be remotely connected to the driving cylinder 221. The proportional valve or the pressure regulating valve facilitates automatic or manual control of the driving cylinder 221, respectively.

In addition to the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the distance adjusting mechanism 220 is further provided with a guide frame 223 and a guide rail (not labeled), the guide rail is located on the swing frame 200, the guide frame 223 is arranged on the guide rail and connected with the stylus 222, and the guide frame 223 and the guide rail are used for limiting the moving direction of the stylus 222.

In addition to the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the free end of the stylus 222 is further provided with an oldham coupling (not labeled), and the stylus 222 is connected with the polishing tool 500 or the fixed workpiece 400 through the oldham coupling. Wherein, the end of the Oldham's coupling is provided with a rotating shaft connected with the driving block, so as to realize the transmission of the polishing pressure value, the rotation of the polishing tool 500 and the micro-angle movement of the polishing tool 500 relative to the workpiece 400.

On the basis of the above embodiment, further, as shown in fig. 1, the bed 100 is further provided with a sliding table 310; the main shaft 320 is arranged on the sliding table 310, and the sliding table 310 can drive the main shaft 320 to move; the sliding table 310 is further provided with a driving module, and the driving module is used for driving the main shaft 320 to rotate. The sliding table 310 can move in the vertical direction relative to the bed 100, and the main shaft 320 can rotate relative to the sliding table 310 around its own rotation axis, and respectively drives the workpiece 400 to move up and down and rotate around the vertical axis.

On the basis of the above embodiment, further, as shown in fig. 1, the sliding table 310 and the main shaft 320 form a lifting mechanism 300, and the lifting mechanism 300 and the distance adjusting mechanism 220 are both multiple; the lifting mechanisms 300 correspond to the pitch adjustment mechanisms 220 one to one.

On the basis of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, one or more bearing seats 110 are further disposed on the bed 100, and the swing frame 200 is movably disposed on the bed 100 through the bearing seats 110. Preferably, the plurality of bearing housings 110 should be disposed on the same axis.

On the basis of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a balance mechanism is further disposed on the swing frame 200; the balancing mechanism comprises a belt pulley 231 and a balancing weight 232, the belt pulley 231 is arranged on the rotating shaft of the swing frame 200, and the balancing weight 232 is detachably arranged on the belt pulley 231.

Optionally or in combination, the swing frame 200 is further provided with a balancing mechanism; the balancing mechanism comprises a cylinder (not labeled) or an oil cylinder (not labeled).

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The precise spherical grinding and polishing machine is characterized by comprising a machine body (100), a swing frame (200) and a main shaft (320), wherein the swing frame (200) and the main shaft are arranged on the machine body (100); the swing frame (200) is provided with a distance adjusting mechanism (220);

the swing frame (200) can swing around a central axis (210) relative to the lathe bed (100); the main shaft (320) can move along the direction of the axis of the main shaft and can rotate around the axis of the main shaft; the axis of the main shaft (320) perpendicularly intersects the central axis (210); the free end of the spindle (320) is used for fixing a workpiece (400) or a polishing tool (500);

the driving direction of the distance adjusting mechanism (220) is perpendicular to the central axis (210) and intersects with the central axis (210), and the free end of the distance adjusting mechanism (220) is used for arranging a polishing tool (500) or fixing a workpiece (400);

the main shaft (320) and the distance adjustment mechanism (220) can be close to or far away from the central axis (210).

2. The precision spherical grinding and polishing machine of claim 1, wherein the pitch adjusting mechanism (220) comprises a driving cylinder (221) and a stylus (222); the driving air cylinder (221) is arranged on the swing frame (200), the stylus (222) is arranged on the driving air cylinder (221), and the free end of the stylus (222) is used for arranging the polishing tool (500) or fixing a workpiece (400); the driving air cylinder (221) can drive the stylus (222) to move.

3. The precision spherical grinding and polishing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the distance adjusting mechanism (220) is further provided with a proportional valve or a pressure regulating valve, the proportional valve or the pressure regulating valve is provided on the swing frame (200), and the proportional valve or the pressure regulating valve is used for regulating the pneumatic pressure of the driving cylinder (221).

4. The precision spherical grinding and polishing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the distance adjusting mechanism (220) is further provided with a guide frame (223) and a guide rail, the guide rail is located on the swing frame (200), the guide frame (223) is arranged on the guide rail and connected with the stylus (222), and the guide frame (223) and the guide rail are used for limiting the moving direction of the stylus (222).

5. The precision spherical grinding and polishing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the free end of the stylus (222) is further provided with an oldham coupling, through which the stylus (222) is connected with the polishing tool (500) or the fixed workpiece (400).

6. The precise spherical grinding and polishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a sliding table (310) is further arranged on the machine body (100); the main shaft (320) is arranged on the sliding table (310), and the sliding table (310) can drive the main shaft (320) to move; the sliding table (310) is further provided with a driving module, and the driving module is used for driving the main shaft (320) to rotate.

7. The precision spherical grinding and polishing machine according to claim 6, wherein the slide table (310) and the main shaft (320) constitute a lifting mechanism (300); the lifting mechanisms (300) and the distance adjusting mechanisms (220) are multiple; the lifting mechanisms (300) correspond to the distance adjusting mechanisms (220) one by one.

8. The precise spherical grinding and polishing machine according to claim 1, wherein one or more bearing seats (110) are further arranged on the machine body (100), and the swing frame (200) is movably arranged on the machine body (100) through the bearing seats (110).

9. The precision spherical grinding and polishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a balance mechanism is further arranged on the swing frame (200); the balance mechanism comprises a belt pulley (231) and a balancing weight (232), the belt pulley (231) is arranged on a rotating shaft of the swing frame (200), and the balancing weight (232) is detachably arranged on the belt pulley (231).

10. The precision spherical grinding and polishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a balance mechanism is further arranged on the swing frame (200); the balance mechanism comprises an air cylinder or an oil cylinder.