CN115468155A - Process and system for producing water vapor by high-power hydrogen flameless catalytic combustion - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-power, hydrogen flameless catalytic combustion process and system for producing water vapor. In a hydrogen catalytic combustion device, hydrogen is used as fuel and oxygen, nitrogen or air is used as a combustion aid to generate high-temperature water through catalyst catalytic combustion. Steam and heat energy; the hydrogen catalytic combustion device has a modular structure, and multiple hydrogen catalytic combustion devices are connected in series; each hydrogen catalytic combustion device is composed of several microchannel reactors, and the surface of the microchannel reactor is loaded with solid catalysts; hydrogen catalytic combustion The water vapor and heat energy generated by the device pass through the energy transmission device, with water vapor as the main carrier and metal as the auxiliary carrier, and the heat energy is transported to the combined heat and power system and the power generation turbine. The invention can realize rapid assembly of production systems with different powers from 1000 kilowatts to 100 megawatts, has a wide range of applications, is highly efficient and environmentally friendly; uses a digital twin system to realize automatic control, and can realize the coordinated operation of multiple devices at the same time.

Description

A high-power, hydrogen flameless catalytic combustion process and system for producing water vapor

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy catalysis and thermal energy production, in particular to a process and system for producing water vapor by hydrogen flameless catalytic combustion with high power of 1000 kilowatts to 100 megawatts.

Background technique

In recent years, with the introduction of carbon neutrality goals, the demand for reducing carbon emissions has grown extremely. As one of the most ideal clean energy and renewable energy, hydrogen energy has attracted widespread attention, and related generation and application technologies are being continuously developed. Hydrogen energy is gradually replacing traditional fossil energy.

Traditional fossil energy (such as natural gas, coal, etc.) will release a large amount of greenhouse gases and environmental pollutants (such as sulfide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, etc.) One of the main reasons. The high cost and time-consuming process of purifying the emissions in the existing technology will lead to an increase in the investment cost of the enterprise, and may cause secondary pollution during the purification process, thereby causing more serious harm to the ground environment and marine environment.

Hydrogen fuel is an ideal substitute for traditional fossil energy, and it has abundant natural reserves and high calorific value. At present, the utilization of hydrogen energy mainly focuses on fuel cell power generation, but the related technology costs are relatively high, and it is difficult to achieve large-scale power generation. In addition, hydrogen energy has not yet been widely used in heating.

There are still difficulties and challenges in replacing traditional fossil fuels with hydrogen energy for heating and power supply. At the same time, the development of application equipment for large-scale heating and power supply using hydrogen energy is imminent.

The Chinese patent application with the application publication number CN 113091029 A discloses "a method for producing high-quality water vapor by hydrogen fuel flameless catalytic combustion film reaction". The hydrogen fuel enters the fuel channel in the upper part of the reactor, and the compressed air enters the The catalytic combustion reaction chamber, the fuel channel and the catalytic combustion reaction chamber are separated by a high-temperature membrane; the catalytic combustion reaction chamber is equipped with a solid catalyst, and the hydrogen fuel diffuses into the catalytic combustion reaction chamber through the high-temperature membrane, and catalyzes in the catalytic combustion reaction chamber. Combustion reaction; the product of the catalytic combustion reaction enters the cooling device through the outlet of the reactor; the heat generated by the catalytic combustion reaction heats water through the heat exchanger to generate high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor. The above-mentioned technical scheme realizes heat energy production for efficient production of high-quality water vapor, and realizes zero-pollution discharge in the heat energy production process. Compared with the above technical solution, the structure and reaction principle of the hydrogen catalytic combustion device of the present invention and its reactor are completely different, and the raw materials for the preparation of the catalyst are different; the materials selected for the high-temperature hydrogen purification membrane and its high-temperature membrane of the present invention are also different. In addition, the present invention uses the hydrogen catalytic combustion device as the main equipment, and is equipped with other related control, connection, transmission, application and other equipment, and finally forms a complete high-power, hydrogen flameless catalytic combustion production of water vapor. system.

Contents of the invention

The present invention provides a high-power, flameless hydrogen catalytic combustion process and system for producing water vapor. By adopting a hydrogen catalytic combustion device with a modular structure, rapid assembly of production systems with different powers from 1000 kilowatts to 100 megawatts can be realized. It has a wide range of adaptation, high efficiency and environmental protection; the digital twin system is used to realize automatic control, and it can realize the coordinated operation of multiple devices at the same time.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to realize:

A high-power, hydrogen flameless catalytic combustion process for producing water vapor. In the hydrogen catalytic combustion device, hydrogen is used as fuel, oxygen, nitrogen or air is used as a combustion aid, and high-temperature water vapor and heat are generated through catalyst catalytic combustion; hydrogen The catalytic combustion device has a modular structure, and multiple hydrogen catalytic combustion devices are connected in series; each hydrogen catalytic combustion device is composed of several microchannel reactors, and the surface of the microchannel reactor is loaded with a solid catalyst; the water vapor generated by the hydrogen catalytic combustion device The thermal energy is transmitted to the combined heat and power system and the power generation turbine through the energy transmission device, with water vapor as the main carrier and metal as the auxiliary carrier.

The body of the microchannel reactor is composed of a catalyst carrier, and the solid catalyst is noble metal particles or transition metal particles loaded on the catalyst carrier; the particle size of the solid catalyst is 50-550 microns, and the catalyst expression is Al ₂ O ₃ /An -Xm, A is Pd or Rh, n is 0.1-0.9, X is Mn, Cu, Ce, W or Nd, m is 0.1-0.95; the loading amount of active components in the catalyst carrier is 1.0%-8.0%.

The catalyst carrier is nanoporous honeycomb aluminum oxide or silicon dioxide ceramics.

In the hydrogen catalytic combustion device, the fuel enters the combustion area of the microchannel reactor through the high-temperature hydrogen purification membrane from below, and the combustion aid enters the combustion area of the microchannel reactor from above; the high-temperature gas purification membrane serves as a catalyst carrier at the same time.

The high-temperature hydrogen purification membrane is a palladium-gold alloy membrane.

The hydrogen catalytic combustion devices are connected by a modular serial device, the modular serial device is a plate-shaped structure made of copper or stainless steel, the top of the modular serial device is provided with an installation groove, and the bottom of the hydrogen catalytic combustion device is provided with a The mounting block is embedded in the mounting groove.

The energy transmission device is a channel-shaped structure made of copper or stainless steel.

The connection device between the energy transmission device and the combined heat and power system or the power generation turbine is a channel-shaped structure made of copper or stainless steel; the energy transmission device and the power generation turbine are directly connected in a short distance, and there is no additional structure on the connection device. Pressure pump; the energy transmission device and the combined heat and power system adopt long-distance transmission, and the connection device is equipped with a pressure pump.

Automatic control and real-time monitoring are realized through the digital twin system, and the best state simulation and feedback adjustment of the production system are carried out according to the real-time operating conditions.

A high-power, hydrogen flameless catalytic combustion system for producing water vapor, including a hydrogen catalytic combustion device, an energy transmission device and a digital twin system; the hydrogen catalytic combustion device is a plurality of modular series connected together, each Each hydrogen catalytic combustion device includes several microchannel reactors; the lower part of the microchannel reactor is a fuel channel, the upper part is a combustion aid channel, the middle part is a combustion area, and the top of the fuel channel is provided with a high-temperature hydrogen purification membrane; the microchannel reactor A solid catalyst is loaded on the surface; the energy transmission device is connected to a combined heat and power system or a power generation turbine through a connection device; the digital twin system is used to realize the automatic control of a system for high-power, flameless catalytic combustion of hydrogen to produce water vapor.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1) The solid catalyst used has lower cost and higher reaction efficiency, and the high-temperature hydrogen purification membrane is used to purify hydrogen to achieve zero emission, zero pollution, low cost, and high-efficiency heat production;

2) The hydrogen catalytic combustion device adopts a modular structure, which is convenient for connection and installation. It can realize customized preparation and installation of different scales from 1,000 kilowatts to 100 megawatts. It has a wide range of applications and rich application scenarios;

3) The combined heat and power system or the power generation turbine is connected with the hydrogen catalytic combustion device through the energy transmission device, which greatly reduces the heat loss during the transmission process;

4) The hydrogen catalytic combustion device is connected with the combined heat and power system and the power generation turbine, realizing the application of hydrogen energy supply and power supply;

5) The digital twin system is used to realize automatic control, and it can realize the coordinated operation of multiple devices at the same time.

6) The hydrogen catalytic combustion product is water, and liquid water will affect the catalyst activity. The liquid water produced by combustion in the present invention is converted from liquid phase to gas phase by absorbing the energy of hydrogen combustion to form high-temperature water vapor. The high-temperature water vapor of the product provides heat energy for the combined heat and power system through the connection device, and provides electrical energy through the power generation turbine. Through the principle that the product directly absorbs combustion energy, the energy conversion rate is further improved, thereby enhancing the application value of the present invention in the energy field.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a process flow chart of the present invention for producing water vapor by high-power, flameless catalytic combustion of hydrogen.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the hydrogen catalytic combustion device of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the microchannel reactor of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. Hydrogen catalytic combustion device 11. Microchannel reactor 11-1. Fuel channel 11-2. Combustion agent channel and combustion area 11-3. High temperature hydrogen purification membrane 2. Modular series device 21. Installation slot

detailed description

The specific embodiment of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

As shown in Figure 1, a high-power, hydrogen flameless catalytic combustion process for producing water vapor according to the present invention, in the hydrogen catalytic combustion device, hydrogen is used as fuel, oxygen, nitrogen or air is used as a combustion aid, through the catalyst Catalytic combustion generates high-temperature water vapor and heat energy; the hydrogen catalytic combustion device is a modular structure, and multiple hydrogen catalytic combustion devices are connected in series; each hydrogen catalytic combustion device is composed of several microchannel reactors, and the surface of the microchannel reactor is loaded with solids Catalyst: The water vapor and heat energy generated by the hydrogen catalytic combustion device pass through the energy transmission device, with water vapor as the main carrier and metal as the auxiliary carrier, and the heat energy is transported to the combined heat and power system and the power generation turbine.

The body of the microchannel reactor is composed of a catalyst carrier, and the solid catalyst is noble metal particles or transition metal particles loaded on the catalyst carrier; the particle size of the solid catalyst is 50-550 microns, and the catalyst expression is Al ₂ O ₃ /An -Xm, A is Pd or Rh, n is 0.1-0.9, X is Mn, Cu, Ce, W or Nd, m is 0.1-0.95; the loading amount of active components in the catalyst carrier is 1.0%-8.0%.

The catalyst carrier is nanoporous honeycomb aluminum oxide or silicon dioxide ceramics.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, in the hydrogen catalytic combustion device 1, the fuel enters the combustion area of the microchannel reactor 11 from below through the high-temperature hydrogen pure film 11-3, and the combustion aid enters the microchannel reactor from above 11 combustion area; the high temperature gas purification membrane 11-3 also serves as a catalyst carrier.

The high-temperature hydrogen purification membrane 11-3 is a palladium-gold alloy membrane.

The hydrogen catalytic combustion devices 1 are connected through a modular series device 2, the modular series device 2 is a plate-like structure made of copper or stainless steel, the top of the modular series device 2 is provided with an installation groove 21, and the hydrogen catalytic The bottom of the combustion device 1 is provided with a mounting block embedded in the mounting groove 21 .

The energy transmission device is a channel-shaped structure made of copper or stainless steel.

The connection device between the energy transmission device and the combined heat and power system or the power generation turbine is a channel-shaped structure made of copper or stainless steel; the energy transmission device and the power generation turbine are directly connected in a short distance, and there is no additional structure on the connection device. Pressure pump; the energy transmission device and the combined heat and power system adopt long-distance transmission, and the connection device is equipped with a pressure pump.

Automatic control and real-time monitoring are realized through the digital twin system, and the best state simulation and feedback adjustment of the production system are carried out according to the real-time operating conditions.

A high-power, hydrogen flameless catalytic combustion system for producing water vapor according to the present invention includes a hydrogen catalytic combustion device 1, an energy transmission device and a digital twin system; the hydrogen catalytic combustion device 1 is a plurality of modular series devices 2 are connected together in series, and each hydrogen catalytic combustion device 1 all comprises several microchannel reactors 11; 3 shown in 11-2), the top of the fuel channel 11-1 is provided with a high-temperature hydrogen purification membrane 11-3; the surface of the microchannel reactor 11 is loaded with a solid catalyst; the energy transmission device and the combined heat and power system or the power generation turbine are connected through a connecting device connected; the digital twin system is used to realize the automatic control of the system of high-power, flameless catalytic combustion of hydrogen to produce water vapor.

The process and system for producing water vapor by high-power, hydrogen flameless catalytic combustion, combined with a catalytic combustion device, an energy transmission device, a connection device for connecting a combined heat and power system and a power generation turbine, and a digital twin system, It is an integrated process and system that can realize hydrogen energy from conversion to transmission. It realizes the efficient preparation of high-quality heat energy and the use of heat energy to generate electricity, and the production process achieves zero pollution and zero emissions. The specific process is as follows:

1) Pure hydrogen is used as fuel and compressed air is used as oxidant; hydrogen enters from the fuel channel in the lower part of the microchannel reactor, passes through the high-temperature hydrogen purification membrane to reach the combustion area, and combustion aids such as oxygen, nitrogen or air enter from the upper part of the microchannel reactor In the combustion area, the surface of the microchannel reactor is loaded with a solid catalyst, and the hydrogen catalytic combustion reaction is carried out on the surface of the solid catalyst.

2) The hydrogen catalytic combustion device is connected with the installation groove on the top of the modular series device through the installation block at the bottom. The specific size of the installation groove on the modular series device and the number of hydrogen catalytic combustion devices installed on it are based on actual needs and The application scenario is determined.

3) The water vapor and heat energy generated by the hydrogen catalytic combustion reaction are transmitted through the energy transmission device, and then the heat energy is sent to the combined heat and power system and the power generation turbine through the connection device, and the heat energy is converted and utilized for secondary energy, thereby generating electricity and heat supply thermal energy.

4) Real-time monitoring and adjustment are carried out through the digital twin system, and real-time control of the coordinated operation of multiple devices is realized to realize the automatic operation of the system.

The hydrogen catalytic combustion device is composed of multiple microchannel reactors. The hydrogen catalytic combustion device adopts a modular structure and can be installed in different quantities according to the size of the application.

Combustion reaction is carried out by catalyzing hydrogen combustion by solid catalyst. The solid catalyst is attached to the inner surface of the microchannel reactor, or the body of the microchannel reactor is directly composed of the catalyst carrier. A high-temperature hydrogen purification membrane is fixed on the top of the fuel channel to further purify the pre-reacted hydrogen, thereby reducing pollutant emissions.

The interior of the energy transmission device is high-temperature circulating water vapor, which is used for heat transfer and exchange, and the heat is transferred from the hydrogen catalytic combustion device to the combined heat and power system and the power generation turbine.

The connection device between the energy transmission device and the combined heat and power system is in the form of pipelines and booster pumps, which are used to pressurize the high-temperature water vapor through the pipelines and transport it to the combined heat and power system.

The connection device between the energy transmission device and the power generation turbine is in the form of a pipeline, and the high-temperature water vapor and heat energy are automatically pressurized and transported to the power generation turbine for a short distance through the pipeline.

The following examples are carried out on the premise of the technical solutions of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific operation processes are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

【Example 1】

In this embodiment, the high-power, hydrogen flameless catalytic combustion system for producing water vapor according to the present invention is used to provide water vapor and heat energy for the combined heat and power system.

The number of microchannel reactors in the hydrogen catalytic combustion device is 50, and 20 sets of modular hydrogen catalytic combustion devices work simultaneously after being connected in series.

In each hydrogen catalytic combustion device, the solid catalyst is prepared by loading Pd-doped Cu particles (Pd30%, Cu70% by mass percentage) on the nanoporous honeycomb aluminum oxide, and the loading capacity of the active components in the catalyst carrier is 1.0%.

The set hydrogen feed rate of each group of hydrogen catalytic combustion devices is 0.2 tons of hydrogen per hour. After considering thermal efficiency and heat loss, the actual total hydrogen feed rate of 20 groups of hydrogen catalytic combustion devices is 4.7 tons of hydrogen per hour.

The heat conversion efficiency of the hydrogen catalytic combustion device is about 95%. The final product of the catalytic combustion reaction is high-temperature water vapor. Between) preparation, absorbing and transferring the radiant heat energy generated by the reaction.

In this embodiment, the outlet temperature of high-temperature water vapor is about 700 degrees Celsius, and it is transported to the combined heat and power system through the connecting device. High-power booster pump; the output product of the cogeneration system is high-temperature water vapor at 500-650 °C, which is used for direct energy supply and steam turbine power generation. Calculated on the basis of a heat loss of 10% to 20%, the power supply of the system described in this embodiment is 1000 kilowatts per hour.

[Example 2]

In this embodiment, the high-power, hydrogen flameless catalytic combustion system for producing water vapor according to the present invention is used to provide water vapor and heat energy for the power generation turbine. The number of hydrogen catalytic combustion devices is determined according to the power of the power generation turbine and the demand for power generation.

In this embodiment, the number of microchannel reactors in the hydrogen catalytic combustion device is 100, and 1000 sets of modular hydrogen catalytic combustion devices are connected in series and work simultaneously.

In each hydrogen catalytic combustion device, the solid catalyst is prepared by loading Pd-doped W particles (Pd10%, 90% by mass percentage) on the nanoporous honeycomb aluminum oxide, and the loading capacity of the active components in the catalyst carrier is 1.5%.

The set hydrogen feed rate of each hydrogen catalytic combustion device is 4 tons of hydrogen per hour. After considering thermal efficiency and heat loss, the actual total hydrogen feed rate of 1000 sets of hydrogen catalytic combustion devices is 4400 tons of hydrogen per hour.

The heat conversion efficiency of the hydrogen catalytic combustion device is about 95%. The final product of the catalytic combustion reaction is high-temperature water vapor. Between) preparation, absorbing and transferring the radiant heat energy generated by the reaction.

In this example, the outlet temperature of high-temperature water vapor is about 900 degrees Celsius, and it is transported to the power generation turbine through the connecting device. The connecting device is composed of stainless steel high-temperature-resistant pipes covered with glass fiber insulation materials. Because it is a short-distance direct connection, stainless steel can withstand high temperatures There is no booster pump on the pipeline.

Based on the calculation of heat loss of 3% to 5%, the power supply of the final power generation turbine is 1 megawatt per hour.

According to the needs of the power generation power and scale of the power plant, more groups of hydrogen catalytic combustion devices can be used to work in series to achieve a high-power power supply of 100 megawatts.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any person familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, according to the technical solution of the present invention Any equivalent replacement or change of the inventive concepts thereof shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A high-power, hydrogen flameless catalytic combustion process for producing water vapor, characterized in that, in the hydrogen catalytic combustion device, hydrogen is used as fuel, and oxygen, nitrogen or air are used as combustion aids to generate high temperature through catalytic combustion of catalysts Water vapor and heat energy; the hydrogen catalytic combustion device has a modular structure, and multiple hydrogen catalytic combustion devices are connected in series; each hydrogen catalytic combustion device is composed of several microchannel reactors, and the surface of the microchannel reactor is loaded with a solid catalyst; hydrogen catalytic combustion The water vapor and heat energy generated by the combustion device pass through the energy transmission device, with water vapor as the main carrier and metal as the auxiliary carrier, and the heat energy is transported to the combined heat and power system and the power generation turbine. 2. a kind of high-power according to claim 1, the technique for producing steam by hydrogen flameless catalytic combustion, is characterized in that, the body of described microchannel reactor is made of catalyst carrier, and solid catalyst is loaded on the catalyst carrier noble metal particles or transition metal particles; the particle size of the solid catalyst is 50-550 microns, the catalyst expression is Al ₂ O ₃ /An-Xm, A is Pd or Rh, n is 0.1-0.9, X is Mn, Cu, Ce, W or Nd, m is 0.1-0.95; the loading amount of active components in the catalyst carrier is 1.0%-8.0%. 3. A high-power, hydrogen flameless catalytic combustion process for producing water vapor according to claim 2, characterized in that the catalyst carrier is nanoporous honeycomb alumina or silica ceramics. 4. A kind of high-power, hydrogen flameless catalytic combustion process for producing water vapor according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the hydrogen catalytic combustion device, the fuel enters the microchannel through the high-temperature hydrogen pure film from below In the combustion area of the reactor, the combustion aid enters the combustion area of the microchannel reactor from above; the high-temperature gas purification membrane is also used as a catalyst carrier. 5. A high-power, hydrogen flameless catalytic combustion process for producing water vapor according to claim 4, characterized in that the high-temperature hydrogen purification membrane is a palladium-gold alloy membrane. 6. A kind of high-power, hydrogen flameless catalytic combustion process for producing water vapor according to claim 1, characterized in that, said hydrogen catalytic combustion devices are connected by modular serializers, and said modular serializers It is a plate-shaped structure made of copper or stainless steel. The top of the modular series device is provided with a mounting groove, and the bottom of the hydrogen catalytic combustion device is provided with a mounting block embedded in the mounting groove. 7. A high-power, hydrogen flameless catalytic combustion process for producing water vapor according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy transmission device is a channel-shaped structure made of copper or stainless steel. 8. A kind of high-power, hydrogen flameless catalytic combustion process for producing water vapor according to claim 1, characterized in that, the connecting device between the energy transmission device and the combined heat and power system or the generating turbine is made of copper or channel-shaped structure made of stainless steel; the energy transmission device and the generator turbine are directly connected in a short distance, and there is no booster pump on the connection device; the energy transmission device and the combined heat and power system adopt long-distance transmission, and the connection device is equipped with booster pump. 9. A high-power, hydrogen flameless catalytic combustion process for producing water vapor according to claim 1, characterized in that automatic control and real-time monitoring are realized through a digital twin system, and the optimal state of the production system is determined according to real-time operating conditions Simulation and feedback adjustments. 10. A system for producing water vapor by high-power, hydrogen flameless catalytic combustion for realizing the process described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it includes a hydrogen catalytic combustion device, an energy transmission device and a digital twin system; The hydrogen catalytic combustion device is a plurality of modular series devices connected in series, and each hydrogen catalytic combustion device includes several microchannel reactors; the lower part of the microchannel reactor is a fuel channel, and the upper part is a combustion aid channel. The middle part is the combustion area, and the top of the fuel channel is equipped with a high-temperature hydrogen purification membrane; the surface of the microchannel reactor is loaded with a solid catalyst; the energy transmission device is connected to the combined heat and power system or the power generation turbine through a connecting device; the digital twin system is used for Realize the automatic control of the system of high-power, flameless catalytic combustion of hydrogen to produce water vapor.

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