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CN115467760A - Rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma detonation and gas supply - Google Patents

Rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma detonation and gas supply Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115467760A
CN115467760A CN202211115266.1A CN202211115266A CN115467760A CN 115467760 A CN115467760 A CN 115467760A CN 202211115266 A CN202211115266 A CN 202211115266A CN 115467760 A CN115467760 A CN 115467760A
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detonation
flow channel
combustion
combustion chamber
chamber
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CN115467760B (en
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姜超
潘剑锋
朱跃进
刘彦群
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Jiangsu University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02KJET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K7/00Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof
    • F02K7/08Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof the jet being continuous
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/26Starting; Ignition
    • F02C7/264Ignition
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/26Starting; Ignition
    • F02C7/264Ignition
    • F02C7/266Electric
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/16Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration with devices inside the flame tube or the combustion chamber to influence the air or gas flow
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/283Attaching or cooling of fuel injecting means including supports for fuel injectors, stems, or lances
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/34Feeding into different combustion zones
    • F23R3/343Pilot flames, i.e. fuel nozzles or injectors using only a very small proportion of the total fuel to insure continuous combustion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/42Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
    • F23R3/52Toroidal combustion chambers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00008Combustion techniques using plasma gas

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma detonation and gas supply, which comprises a nozzle, a pre-detonation tube and an engine body, wherein the nozzle is arranged on the engine body; a combustion chamber is formed between the combustion chamber outer ring and the combustion chamber inner ring, the pre-explosion tube is arranged on the combustion chamber outer ring, and one end of the pre-explosion tube is communicated with the combustion chamber; the inlet of the pre-explosion pipe is provided with one nozzle; a spark plug is arranged in the pre-explosion tube; the plurality of nozzles are arranged in the combustion chamber and are positioned between the joint of one end of the predetonation pipe and the combustion chamber and the engine cover plate; a fuel flow passage and an oxidant flow passage which are not communicated with each other are arranged in the nozzle; and electrodes are arranged in the wall surface of the fuel flow channel, voltage is applied to two sides of the electrodes, and the electrodes are used for generating non-equilibrium plasma by ionizing the fuel medium in the flow channel. The invention can strengthen the combustion process, promote the fuel to burn out, reduce the heat loss of chemical incomplete combustion and reduce the emission of pollution gas.

Description

一种基于非平衡等离子体起爆和供气的旋转爆震发动机A Rotating Detonation Engine Based on Non-equilibrium Plasma Initiation and Gas Supply

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及旋转爆震发动机领域,尤其涉及一种基于非平衡等离子体技术起爆和供气的旋转爆震发动机。The invention relates to the field of rotary detonation engines, in particular to a rotary detonation engine based on unbalanced plasma technology detonation and gas supply.

背景技术Background technique

旋转爆震发动机是一种基于爆震燃烧的新概念推进系统。与常规燃气轮机或冲压发动机相比,旋转爆震发动机具有热效率高,结构简单,维护成本低,工作频率高等优点,是未来先进推进系统的理想动力之一。世界各国都在开展旋转爆震发动机方面相关的研究工作,并且投入的人力和物力日益剧增。Rotating detonation engine is a new concept propulsion system based on detonation combustion. Compared with conventional gas turbines or ramjet engines, rotating detonation engines have the advantages of high thermal efficiency, simple structure, low maintenance cost, and high operating frequency, and are one of the ideal power sources for future advanced propulsion systems. All countries in the world are carrying out research work related to rotating detonation engines, and the manpower and material resources invested are increasing day by day.

目前,旋转爆震发动机的试验研究主要以气态碳氢燃料为主,但是气态燃料通常情况下对存储要求比较高,而且体积能量密度小。液态碳氢燃料易存储运输,而且体积能量密度较高,更加适合作为发动机的燃料。在旋转爆震发动机中,为了防止回火的发生,通常燃料和氧化剂分开进行喷注。当燃料处于液态时,燃料和氧化剂掺混更加不均匀,不利于旋转爆震发动机的稳定工作。在燃料和氧化剂燃烧前,液态燃料还要经历雾化和蒸发过程,这一过程不利于燃料和氧化剂的快速掺混,导致燃烧不充分,进而对旋转爆震发动机的性能产生影响。此外,针对液态碳氢燃料,采用传统的火花塞难以在较短的时间内触发爆震波。At present, the experimental research of rotating detonation engines is mainly based on gaseous hydrocarbon fuels, but gaseous fuels usually have relatively high storage requirements and low volumetric energy density. Liquid hydrocarbon fuels are easy to store and transport, and have a high volumetric energy density, making them more suitable as fuel for engines. In rotating detonation engines, fuel and oxidant are usually injected separately in order to prevent flashback. When the fuel is in liquid state, the mixing of fuel and oxidant is more uneven, which is not conducive to the stable operation of the rotary detonation engine. Before the fuel and oxidant are combusted, the liquid fuel also undergoes atomization and evaporation, which is not conducive to the rapid mixing of fuel and oxidant, resulting in insufficient combustion, which in turn affects the performance of the rotary detonation engine. In addition, for liquid hydrocarbon fuels, it is difficult to trigger the detonation wave in a relatively short period of time using conventional spark plugs.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对现有技术中存在的不足,本发明提供了一种基于非平衡等离子体技术起爆和供气的旋转爆震发动机,起爆装置为预爆管,在预爆管中通过缓燃向爆震转捩的形式先形成稳定传播的爆震波,然后爆震波由预爆管进入旋转爆震发动机燃烧室,引爆燃烧室内的燃料和氧化剂混合物。喷嘴内包含等离子体发生器,燃料在进入发动机燃烧室混合前经过电离,使得燃料中大分子变为小分子,这改变了燃烧系统的化学平衡,促进燃气混合,进而加快火焰传播,进一步提高燃烧效率。同时该方式可以强化燃烧过程,促使燃料燃尽,减少化学不完全燃烧热损失,降低污染气体的排放。Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma technology detonation and gas supply. The detonation form first forms a stably propagating detonation wave, and then the detonation wave enters the combustion chamber of the rotary detonation engine from the pre-detonation tube, detonating the mixture of fuel and oxidizer in the combustion chamber. The nozzle contains a plasma generator, and the fuel is ionized before entering the combustion chamber of the engine, so that the large molecules in the fuel become small molecules, which changes the chemical balance of the combustion system, promotes the mixing of gas, and then accelerates the flame propagation and further improves combustion. efficiency. At the same time, this method can strengthen the combustion process, promote the burnout of fuel, reduce the heat loss of chemical incomplete combustion, and reduce the emission of polluting gases.

本发明是通过以下技术手段实现上述技术目的的。The present invention achieves the above-mentioned technical purpose through the following technical means.

一种基于非平衡等离子体起爆和供气的旋转爆震发动机,包括喷嘴、预爆管和发动机本体;A rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma detonation and gas supply, including a nozzle, a pre-explosion tube and an engine body;

所述发动机本体包括燃烧室外环、燃烧室内环、中心锥和发动机盖板;所述燃烧室外环与燃烧室内环之间构成燃烧室,所述燃烧室一端设有发动机盖板,所述燃烧室另一端为出口;所述中心锥与燃烧室内环同轴相连;The engine body includes an outer ring of combustion, an inner ring of combustion, a center cone and an engine cover; a combustion chamber is formed between the outer ring of combustion and the inner ring of combustion, and an engine cover is provided at one end of the combustion chamber. The other end of the combustion chamber is an outlet; the central cone is coaxially connected with the inner ring of the combustion chamber;

所述预爆管安装在燃烧室外环上,且所述预爆管一端与燃烧室连通;所述预爆管进口处安装一个所述喷嘴;所述预爆管内设有火花塞;若干所述喷嘴安装在燃烧室内,且若干所述喷嘴位于预爆管一端与燃烧室的连接处和发动机盖板之间;所述喷嘴内设有互不连通的燃料流道和氧化剂流道;所述燃料流道的壁面内设有电极,在电极两侧施加电压,通过电离流道内的燃料介质,用于产生非平衡等离子体。The pre-explosion tube is installed on the outer ring of the combustion chamber, and one end of the pre-explosion tube communicates with the combustion chamber; a nozzle is installed at the entrance of the pre-explosion tube; a spark plug is provided in the pre-explosion tube; The nozzle is installed in the combustion chamber, and several nozzles are located between the connection between one end of the pre-explosion tube and the combustion chamber and the engine cover; the fuel flow channel and the oxidant flow channel which are not connected to each other are provided in the nozzle; Electrodes are arranged on the wall of the flow channel, voltage is applied on both sides of the electrodes, and the fuel medium in the ionized flow channel is used to generate non-equilibrium plasma.

进一步,所述喷嘴包括燃料流道、氧化剂流道、高压电极和接地电极;所述燃料流道与氧化剂流道同轴布置;外环布置的所述燃料流道一端为燃料入口;内环布置的所述氧化剂流道一端为氧化剂入口;所述燃料流道的壁面分别设有高压电极和接地电极,构成放电腔;所述高压电极和接地电极分别与交流电源连接。Further, the nozzle includes a fuel flow channel, an oxidant flow channel, a high-voltage electrode and a ground electrode; the fuel flow channel and the oxidizer flow channel are coaxially arranged; one end of the fuel flow channel arranged in the outer ring is a fuel inlet; the inner ring is arranged One end of the oxidant flow channel is an oxidant inlet; the walls of the fuel flow channel are respectively provided with a high-voltage electrode and a ground electrode to form a discharge chamber; the high-voltage electrode and ground electrode are respectively connected to an AC power supply.

进一步,所述燃料流道内壁面设有第一绝缘壳,所述氧化剂流道外壁面设有第二绝缘壳,所述第一绝缘壳内安装环形的所述高压电极,所述第二绝缘壳内安装环形的接地电极。Further, the inner wall of the fuel flow channel is provided with a first insulating case, and the outer wall of the oxidant flow channel is provided with a second insulating case, the ring-shaped high-voltage electrode is installed in the first insulating case, and the second insulating case is Install a ring-shaped ground electrode.

进一步,所述燃料流道出口与氧化剂流道出口均沿流向渐缩。Further, both the outlet of the fuel channel and the outlet of the oxidant channel are tapered along the flow direction.

进一步,所述预爆管包括燃气探测器、预爆震室和螺旋障碍物;所述预爆震室一端与燃烧室连通,所述预爆震室另一端安装火花塞,所述预爆震室内设有螺旋障碍物,所述预爆震室内设有燃气探测器,用于检测与燃烧室连通的预爆震室一端内可燃混合物浓度。Further, the pre-detonation tube includes a gas detector, a pre-detonation chamber and a spiral obstacle; one end of the pre-detonation chamber communicates with the combustion chamber, the other end of the pre-detonation chamber is equipped with a spark plug, and the pre-detonation chamber A spiral obstacle is provided, and a gas detector is arranged in the pre-detonation chamber for detecting the concentration of combustible mixture in one end of the pre-detonation chamber communicating with the combustion chamber.

进一步,所述螺旋障碍物阻塞比为0.4-0.5。Further, the blocking ratio of the spiral obstacle is 0.4-0.5.

进一步,所述预爆管一端垂直安装于发动机燃烧室外环外,所述预爆震室与发动机燃烧室外环平行。Further, one end of the pre-detonation tube is installed vertically outside the outer ring of the engine combustion chamber, and the pre-detonation chamber is parallel to the outer ring of the engine combustion chamber.

进一步,所述预爆管上设有沿流向渐缩的台阶。Further, the pre-explosion tube is provided with steps that taper along the flow direction.

进一步,所述燃料流道与氧化剂流道呈环状等间距分布;所述第一绝缘壳、第二绝缘壳、高压电极和接地电极同轴安装;所述燃料流道和氧化剂流道的入口分别设有电磁阀。Further, the fuel flow channel and the oxidant flow channel are distributed in a ring at equal intervals; the first insulating shell, the second insulating shell, the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode are coaxially installed; the inlets of the fuel flow channel and the oxidant flow channel are Solenoid valves are respectively provided.

进一步,所述第一绝缘壳和第二绝缘壳的材料为陶瓷材料。Further, the material of the first insulating shell and the second insulating shell is ceramic material.

本发明的有益效果在于:The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1.本发明所述的基于非平衡等离子体技术起爆和供气的旋转爆震发动机,通过电磁阀控制进气时间以及火花塞的点火时间,进而精确的控制发动机的点火时间。同时可以通过控制进气流量,控制发动机的点火强度。预爆管采用卧式安装,可以减小发动机的体积。1. The rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma technology detonation and air supply described in the present invention controls the intake time and the ignition time of the spark plug through a solenoid valve, and then accurately controls the ignition time of the engine. At the same time, the ignition intensity of the engine can be controlled by controlling the intake air flow. The pre-explosion tube is installed horizontally, which can reduce the volume of the engine.

2.本发明所述的基于非平衡等离子体技术起爆和供气的旋转爆震发动机,通过在两个电极之间施加一定频率和电压的交流电,获得非平衡等离子体,使燃烧更加充分,提高燃烧效率,减少了因为不完全燃烧导致的有害气体排放。2. The rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma technology detonation and gas supply described in the present invention obtains non-equilibrium plasma by applying an alternating current of a certain frequency and voltage between two electrodes, which makes combustion more complete and improves Combustion efficiency reduces harmful gas emissions caused by incomplete combustion.

3.本发明所述的基于非平衡等离子体技术起爆和供气的旋转爆震发动机,通过在预爆震室内安装螺旋障碍物,可以有效缩短缓燃向爆震转捩的距离和时间,从而缩短预爆管长度,减轻发动机重量。3. The rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma technology detonation and air supply of the present invention can effectively shorten the distance and time from slow combustion to detonation transition by installing spiral obstacles in the pre-detonation chamber, thereby Shorten the length of the pre-explosion tube and reduce the weight of the engine.

4.本发明所述的基于非平衡等离子体技术起爆和供气的旋转爆震发动机,通过渐缩的预爆震室后半部分通道,强化爆震燃烧。4. The rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma technology detonation and air supply described in the present invention strengthens detonation combustion through the channel in the second half of the pre-detonation chamber that is tapered.

5.本发明所述的基于非平衡等离子体技术起爆和供气的旋转爆震发动机,通过发动机尾部安装中心锥有利于提升发动机性能。5. In the rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma technology detonation and gas supply described in the present invention, the installation of a central cone at the tail of the engine is beneficial to improve engine performance.

6.本发明所述的基于非平衡等离子体技术起爆和供气的旋转爆震发动机,通过渐缩的燃料室和氧化剂室出口通道,促进了燃料和氧化剂的混合。6. The rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma technology detonation and gas supply according to the present invention promotes the mixing of fuel and oxidant through the tapered outlet channels of fuel chamber and oxidant chamber.

附图说明Description of drawings

为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,显而易见地还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. For some embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

图1为本发明所述的基于非平衡等离子体技术起爆和供气的旋转爆震发动机结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma technology detonation and gas supply according to the present invention.

图2为图1的A-A剖视图。Fig. 2 is a sectional view along line A-A of Fig. 1 .

图3为图2的喷嘴放大图。FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the nozzle of FIG. 2 .

图4为图1的B-B剖视图。Fig. 4 is a B-B sectional view of Fig. 1 .

图中:In the picture:

1-燃烧室外环;2-燃料入口;3-发动机盖板;4-氧化剂入口;5-燃烧室内环;6-中心锥;7-第一喷嘴;8-预爆管;9-燃烧室;10-电磁阀;11-第二喷嘴;12-第一绝缘壳;13-高压电极;14-第二绝缘壳;15-接地电极;16-燃料流道;17-氧化剂流道;18-燃气探测器;19-预爆震室;20-螺旋障碍物;21-火花塞。1-outer combustion ring; 2-fuel inlet; 3-engine cover; 4-oxidant inlet; 5-inner combustion ring; 6-central cone; 7-first nozzle; 8-pre-explosion tube; ; 10-solenoid valve; 11-the second nozzle; 12-the first insulating shell; 13-high voltage electrode; Gas detector; 19-pre-detonation chamber; 20-spiral barrier; 21-spark plug.

具体实施方式detailed description

下面结合附图以及具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

下面详细描述本发明的实施例,所述实施例的示例在附图中示出,其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的,旨在用于解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals designate the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the figures are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“轴向”、“径向”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上,除非另有明确具体的限定。In describing the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "axial", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "radial", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description , rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

在本发明中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrally connected; it may be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it may be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.

如图1和图2所示,本发明所述的基于非平衡等离子体起爆和供气的旋转爆震发动机,包括喷嘴、预爆管8和发动机本体;As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma detonation and air supply according to the present invention includes nozzle, pre-explosion tube 8 and engine body;

所述发动机本体包括燃烧室外环1、燃烧室内环5、中心锥6和发动机盖板3;所述燃烧室外环1与燃烧室内环5之间构成燃烧室9,所述燃烧室9一端设有发动机盖板3,所述燃烧室9另一端为出口;所述中心锥6与燃烧室内环5同轴相连;Described engine body comprises combustor outer ring 1, combustor inner ring 5, central cone 6 and engine cover plate 3; Combustion chamber 9 is formed between described combustor outer ring 1 and combustor inner ring 5, and one end of the combustor 9 is An engine cover plate 3 is provided, and the other end of the combustion chamber 9 is an outlet; the central cone 6 is coaxially connected with the inner ring 5 of the combustion chamber;

所述预爆管8安装在燃烧室外环1上,且所述预爆管8一端与燃烧室9连通;所述预爆管8进口处安装第一喷嘴7;所述预爆管8内设有火花塞21;若干第二喷嘴11均布在燃烧室9内,且若干所述第二喷嘴11位于所述预爆管8一端与燃烧室9的连接处和发动机盖板3之间;所述喷嘴内设有互不连通的燃料流道16和氧化剂流道17;所述燃料流道的壁面内设有电极,在电极两侧施加电压,通过电离流道内的燃料介质,用于产生非平衡等离子体。The pre-explosion tube 8 is installed on the combustion outer ring 1, and one end of the pre-explosion tube 8 communicates with the combustion chamber 9; the first nozzle 7 is installed at the entrance of the pre-explosion tube 8; A spark plug 21 is provided; some second nozzles 11 are evenly distributed in the combustion chamber 9, and some of the second nozzles 11 are located between the junction of one end of the pre-explosion tube 8 and the combustion chamber 9 and the engine cover 3; The nozzle is provided with a fuel flow channel 16 and an oxidant flow channel 17 which are not connected to each other; electrodes are arranged in the wall of the fuel flow channel, and a voltage is applied on both sides of the electrode to pass through the fuel medium in the ionized flow channel to generate non-toxic Equilibrium plasma.

第一喷嘴7和第二喷嘴11结构相同,以第二喷嘴11为例,如图3所示。所述第二喷嘴11包括燃料流道16、氧化剂流道17、高压电极13和接地电极15;所述燃料流道16与氧化剂流道17同轴布置;所述燃料流道16与氧化剂流道17呈环状等间距分布;所述第一绝缘壳12、第二绝缘壳14、高压电极13和接地电极15同轴安装;所述燃料流道16和氧化剂流道17的入口分别设有电磁阀10。外环布置的所述燃料流道16一端为燃料入口2;内环布置的所述氧化剂流道17一端为氧化剂入口4;所述氧化剂入口4位于发动机盖板3,呈环状等间距分布;所述燃料入口2位于燃烧室外环1外壁面和燃烧室内环5内壁面,呈环状等间距分布。所述燃料流道16的壁面分别设有高压电极13和接地电极15,构成放电腔;所述高压电极13和接地电极15分别与交流电源连接。所述燃料流道16内壁面设有第一绝缘壳12,所述氧化剂流道17外壁面设有第二绝缘壳14,所述第一绝缘壳12内安装环形的所述高压电极13,所述第二绝缘壳14内安装环形的接地电极15。所述燃料流道16出口与氧化剂流道17出口均沿流向渐缩。所述第一绝缘壳12和第二绝缘壳14的材料为陶瓷材料。第二喷嘴11的工作原理为:可燃气通过两个燃料入口2进入到燃料流道16,氧化剂通过氧化剂入口4进入氧化剂流道17。在环形的高压电极13和接地电极15处施加高压交流电压时,燃料流道16中的燃料被电离,形成非平衡等离子体。所述燃料流道16出口与氧化剂流道17出口均沿流向渐缩,促进了燃料和氧化剂的混合。The first nozzle 7 and the second nozzle 11 have the same structure, taking the second nozzle 11 as an example, as shown in FIG. 3 . The second nozzle 11 includes a fuel flow channel 16, an oxidant flow channel 17, a high voltage electrode 13 and a ground electrode 15; the fuel flow channel 16 is arranged coaxially with the oxidant flow channel 17; the fuel flow channel 16 and the oxidant flow channel 17 are annularly distributed at equal intervals; the first insulating shell 12, the second insulating shell 14, the high voltage electrode 13 and the grounding electrode 15 are coaxially installed; valve 10. One end of the fuel flow channel 16 arranged in the outer ring is the fuel inlet 2; one end of the oxidant flow channel 17 arranged in the inner ring is the oxidant inlet 4; the oxidant inlet 4 is located on the engine cover plate 3 and is distributed in a ring shape at equal intervals; The fuel inlets 2 are located on the outer wall surface of the combustion outer ring 1 and the inner wall surface of the combustion inner ring 5, and are equally spaced in a ring shape. A high voltage electrode 13 and a ground electrode 15 are respectively provided on the wall of the fuel channel 16 to form a discharge chamber; the high voltage electrode 13 and the ground electrode 15 are respectively connected to an AC power source. The inner wall of the fuel flow channel 16 is provided with a first insulating case 12, the outer wall of the oxidant flow channel 17 is provided with a second insulating case 14, and the ring-shaped high-voltage electrode 13 is installed in the first insulating case 12, so that An annular ground electrode 15 is installed in the second insulating case 14 . Both the outlet of the fuel channel 16 and the outlet of the oxidant channel 17 are tapered along the flow direction. The material of the first insulating shell 12 and the second insulating shell 14 is ceramic material. The working principle of the second nozzle 11 is: the combustible gas enters the fuel channel 16 through the two fuel inlets 2 , and the oxidant enters the oxidant channel 17 through the oxidant inlet 4 . When a high-voltage AC voltage is applied to the ring-shaped high-voltage electrode 13 and the ground electrode 15, the fuel in the fuel channel 16 is ionized to form non-equilibrium plasma. Both the outlet of the fuel flow channel 16 and the outlet of the oxidant flow channel 17 are tapered along the flow direction, which promotes the mixing of fuel and oxidant.

如图4所示,所述预爆管8包括燃气探测器18、预爆震室19和螺旋障碍物20;所述预爆震室19一端与燃烧室9连通,所述预爆震室19另一端安装火花塞21,所述预爆震室19内设有螺旋障碍物20,所述预爆震室19内设有燃气探测器18,用于检测与燃烧室9连通的预爆震室19一端内可燃混合物浓度。所述螺旋障碍物20阻塞比为0.4-0.5。所述预爆管8一端垂直安装于发动机燃烧室外环1外,所述预爆震室19与发动机燃烧室外环1平行。所述预爆管8上设有沿流向渐缩的台阶,通过收缩预爆震室19后半部分通道,强化爆震燃烧。As shown in Figure 4, the pre-detonation tube 8 includes a gas detector 18, a pre-detonation chamber 19 and a spiral obstacle 20; one end of the pre-detonation chamber 19 communicates with the combustion chamber 9, and the pre-detonation chamber 19 The other end is equipped with a spark plug 21, the pre-detonation chamber 19 is provided with a spiral obstacle 20, and the pre-detonation chamber 19 is provided with a gas detector 18 for detecting the pre-detonation chamber 19 communicated with the combustion chamber 9 Concentration of flammable mixture in one end. The blocking ratio of the spiral barrier 20 is 0.4-0.5. One end of the pre-detonation tube 8 is vertically installed outside the outer ring 1 of the engine combustion chamber, and the pre-detonation chamber 19 is parallel to the outer ring 1 of the engine combustion chamber. The pre-detonation tube 8 is provided with steps that taper along the flow direction, and the detonation combustion is strengthened by shrinking the second half channel of the pre-detonation chamber 19 .

工作过程:首先燃料和氧化剂通过第一喷嘴7和第二喷嘴11分别进入发动机燃烧室9和预爆震室19。当燃气探测器18探测到预爆震室19尾部的可燃混合物时,第一喷嘴7上的电磁阀10关闭,并且火花塞21被开启。螺旋障碍物20增强了火焰的湍流度,缩短了缓燃向爆震转捩的时间和距离。当爆震波通过预爆震室19收缩通道时,爆震波被强化。随后爆震波进入发动机燃烧室9,引爆燃烧室9中可燃混合物,最终在燃烧室9中形成旋转爆震波。Working process: First, the fuel and oxidant enter the engine combustion chamber 9 and the pre-detonation chamber 19 through the first nozzle 7 and the second nozzle 11 respectively. When the gas detector 18 detects a combustible mixture at the end of the pre-detonation chamber 19, the solenoid valve 10 on the first injector 7 is closed and the spark plug 21 is opened. The spiral obstacle 20 enhances the turbulence of the flame and shortens the time and distance for transition from slow combustion to detonation. When the detonation wave passes through the constricted channel of the pre-detonation chamber 19, the detonation wave is intensified. Then the detonation wave enters the combustion chamber 9 of the engine, detonates the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber 9, and finally forms a rotating detonation wave in the combustion chamber 9.

应当理解,虽然本说明书是按照各个实施例描述的,但并非每个实施例仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。It should be understood that although this description is described according to various embodiments, not each embodiment only includes an independent technical solution, and this description of the description is only for clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the description as a whole , the technical solutions in the various embodiments can also be properly combined to form other implementations that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

上文所列出的一系列的详细说明仅仅是针对本发明的可行性实施例的具体说明,它们并非用以限制本发明的保护范围,凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所作的等效实施例或变更均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The series of detailed descriptions listed above are only specific descriptions for feasible embodiments of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent embodiment or All changes should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种基于非平衡等离子体起爆和供气的旋转爆震发动机,其特征在于,包括喷嘴、预爆管(8)和发动机本体;1. A rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma detonation and air supply, is characterized in that, comprises nozzle, pre-explosion tube (8) and engine body; 所述发动机本体包括燃烧室外环(1)、燃烧室内环(5)、中心锥(6)和发动机盖板(3);所述燃烧室外环(1)与燃烧室内环(5)之间构成燃烧室(9),所述燃烧室(9)一端设有发动机盖板(3),所述燃烧室(9)另一端为出口;所述中心锥(6)与燃烧室内环(5)同轴相连;The engine body comprises an outer combustion ring (1), an inner combustion ring (5), a central cone (6) and an engine cover (3); the outer combustion ring (1) and the inner combustion ring (5) Combustion chamber (9) is constituted between, described combustion chamber (9) one end is provided with engine cover plate (3), and described combustion chamber (9) other end is outlet; Described center cone (6) and combustion inner ring (5 ) are coaxially connected; 所述预爆管(8)安装在燃烧室外环(1)上,且所述预爆管(8)一端与燃烧室(9)连通;所述预爆管(8)进口处安装一个所述喷嘴;所述预爆管(8)内设有火花塞(21);若干所述喷嘴安装在燃烧室(9)内,且若干所述喷嘴位于预爆管(8)一端与燃烧室(9)的连接处和发动机盖板(3)之间;所述喷嘴内设有互不连通的燃料流道(16)和氧化剂流道(17);所述燃料流道的壁面内设有电极,在电极两侧施加电压,通过电离流道内的燃料介质,用于产生非平衡等离子体。The pre-explosion tube (8) is installed on the combustion outer ring (1), and one end of the pre-explosion tube (8) communicates with the combustion chamber (9); said nozzle; said pre-explosion tube (8) is provided with spark plug (21); some of said nozzles are installed in the combustion chamber (9), and some of said nozzles are located at one end of pre-explosion tube (8) and combustion chamber (9) ) between the joint and the engine cover (3); the nozzle is provided with a fuel flow path (16) and an oxidant flow path (17) that are not communicated with each other; the wall of the fuel flow path is provided with an electrode, A voltage is applied across the electrodes to generate non-equilibrium plasma by ionizing the fuel medium in the flow channel. 2.根据权利要求1所述的基于非平衡等离子体起爆和供气的旋转爆震发动机,其特征在于,所述喷嘴包括燃料流道(16)、氧化剂流道(17)、高压电极(13)和接地电极(15);所述燃料流道(16)与氧化剂流道(17)同轴布置;外环布置的所述燃料流道(16)一端为燃料入口(2);内环布置的所述氧化剂流道(17)一端为氧化剂入口(4);所述燃料流道(16)的壁面分别设有高压电极(13)和接地电极(15),构成放电腔;所述高压电极(13)和接地电极(15)分别与交流电源连接。2. the rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma detonation and gas supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, the nozzle comprises a fuel flow path (16), an oxidant flow path (17), a high voltage electrode (13 ) and ground electrode (15); the fuel flow channel (16) is coaxially arranged with the oxidant flow channel (17); one end of the fuel flow channel (16) arranged in the outer ring is a fuel inlet (2); the inner ring is arranged One end of the oxidant flow channel (17) is an oxidant inlet (4); the wall surface of the fuel flow channel (16) is respectively provided with a high-voltage electrode (13) and a ground electrode (15), forming a discharge chamber; the high-voltage electrode (13) and the ground electrode (15) are respectively connected to the AC power supply. 3.根据权利要求2所述的基于非平衡等离子体起爆和供气的旋转爆震发动机,其特征在于,所述燃料流道(16)内壁面设有第一绝缘壳(12),所述氧化剂流道(17)外壁面设有第二绝缘壳(14),所述第一绝缘壳(12)内安装环形的所述高压电极(13),所述第二绝缘壳(14)内安装环形的接地电极(15)。3. the rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma detonation and gas supply according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the first insulating casing (12) is provided on the inner wall surface of the fuel flow passage (16), and the The outer wall of the oxidant flow channel (17) is provided with a second insulating shell (14), the ring-shaped high-voltage electrode (13) is installed in the first insulating shell (12), and the ring-shaped high-voltage electrode (13) is installed in the second insulating shell (14). An annular ground electrode (15). 4.根据权利要求2所述的基于非平衡等离子体起爆和供气的旋转爆震发动机,其特征在于,所述燃料流道(16)出口与氧化剂流道(17)出口均沿流向渐缩。4. the rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma detonation and gas supply according to claim 2, characterized in that, the outlet of the fuel flow channel (16) and the outlet of the oxidant flow channel (17) are all tapered along the flow direction . 5.根据权利要求1所述的基于非平衡等离子体起爆和供气的旋转爆震发动机,其特征在于,所述预爆管(8)包括燃气探测器(18)、预爆震室(19)和螺旋障碍物(20);所述预爆震室(19)一端与燃烧室(9)连通,所述预爆震室(19)另一端安装火花塞(21),所述预爆震室(19)内设有螺旋障碍物(20),所述预爆震室(19)内设有燃气探测器(18),用于检测与燃烧室(9)连通的预爆震室(19)一端内可燃混合物浓度。5. The rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma detonation and gas supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, the pre-detonation tube (8) comprises a gas detector (18), a pre-detonation chamber (19 ) and spiral barriers (20); one end of the pre-detonation chamber (19) communicates with the combustion chamber (9), and the other end of the pre-detonation chamber (19) is equipped with a spark plug (21), and the pre-detonation chamber (19) is provided with a spiral obstacle (20), and a gas detector (18) is provided in the pre-detonation chamber (19) for detecting the pre-detonation chamber (19) communicated with the combustion chamber (9) Concentration of flammable mixture in one end. 6.根据权利要求5所述的基于非平衡等离子体起爆和供气的旋转爆震发动机,其特征在于,所述螺旋障碍物(20)阻塞比为0.4-0.5。6. The rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma detonation and gas supply according to claim 5, characterized in that, the blocking ratio of the spiral obstacle (20) is 0.4-0.5. 7.根据权利要求5所述的基于非平衡等离子体起爆和供气的旋转爆震发动机,其特征在于,所述预爆管(8)一端垂直安装于发动机燃烧室外环(1)外,所述预爆震室(19)与发动机燃烧室外环(1)平行。7. the rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma detonation and air supply according to claim 5, characterized in that, one end of the pre-detonation tube (8) is vertically installed outside the engine combustion outer ring (1), The pre-detonation chamber (19) is parallel to the engine combustion outer ring (1). 8.根据权利要求5所述的基于非平衡等离子体起爆和供气的旋转爆震发动机,其特征在于,所述预爆管(8)上设有沿流向渐缩的台阶。8. The rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma detonation and gas supply according to claim 5, characterized in that, the pre-detonation tube (8) is provided with steps that taper along the flow direction. 9.根据权利要求2所述的基于非平衡等离子体起爆和供气的旋转爆震发动机,其特征在于,所述燃料流道(16)与氧化剂流道(17)呈环状等间距分布;所述第一绝缘壳(12)、第二绝缘壳(14)、高压电极(13)和接地电极(15)同轴安装;所述燃料流道(16)和氧化剂流道(17)的入口分别设有电磁阀(10)。9. The rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma detonation and gas supply according to claim 2, characterized in that, the fuel flow channel (16) and the oxidant flow channel (17) are distributed in an annular equidistant manner; The first insulating shell (12), the second insulating shell (14), the high voltage electrode (13) and the grounding electrode (15) are coaxially installed; the inlets of the fuel flow channel (16) and the oxidant flow channel (17) Electromagnetic valves (10) are respectively provided. 10.根据权利要求2所述的基于非平衡等离子体起爆和供气的旋转爆震发动机,其特征在于,所述第一绝缘壳(12)和第二绝缘壳(14)的材料为陶瓷材料。10. The rotary detonation engine based on non-equilibrium plasma detonation and gas supply according to claim 2, characterized in that, the material of the first insulating shell (12) and the second insulating shell (14) is a ceramic material .
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