CN115445136A - Environment-friendly multifunctional composite fire extinguishing agent capable of extinguishing lithium battery fire - Google Patents
Environment-friendly multifunctional composite fire extinguishing agent capable of extinguishing lithium battery fire Download PDFInfo
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- CN115445136A CN115445136A CN202211145817.9A CN202211145817A CN115445136A CN 115445136 A CN115445136 A CN 115445136A CN 202211145817 A CN202211145817 A CN 202211145817A CN 115445136 A CN115445136 A CN 115445136A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/005—Dispersions; Emulsions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0071—Foams
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an environment-friendly multifunctional composite fire extinguishing agent capable of extinguishing lithium battery fire, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-50% of composite pour point depressant, 0.5-2.0% of thickening agent, 7-20% of flame retardant, 4-10% of stabilizer, 4-16% of micro foaming agent, 0.5-4% of anti-hardness agent, 0.2-5% of solubilizer, 0.1-0.5% of preservative and the balance of water; the composite pour point depressant is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: organic acid salt 6-20 wt%, inorganic salt 10-15 wt% and alcohol 4-15 wt%; the method is characterized in that 40-60% of vermiculite is added in the raw materials, the vermiculite contains water-layer-shaped ferromagnesium silicate with microstructure, and the vermiculite is processed to exist in a layer or sheet shape to prepare the water-system dispersed vermiculite fire extinguishing agent. The water system vermiculite dispersion type fire extinguishing agent is more efficient for D type fire disasters compared with other types of fire extinguishing agents, and the fire can be rapidly cooled and controlled by establishing a fireproof oxygen isolation layer by using the vermiculite particles, so that the fire can be rapidly extinguished.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing agents, in particular to an environment-friendly multifunctional composite fire extinguishing agent capable of extinguishing lithium battery fire.
Background
In the modern society, due to the rapid development of information technology and new energy technology, new energy automobiles, buses, mobile phones, computers and the like adopt a large number of lithium batteries or magnesium batteries with the latest technology, and are ubiquitous in places such as families, automobiles, offices and the like, so that potential risks are brought to production and living property of people.
The lithium battery has fire hazard under various conditions such as overcharge, short circuit, vibration, overheating and the like, and the fire hazard has high temperature and is difficult to extinguish.
Various fire fighting techniques are constantly being tried and tested in large numbers by many fire research institutions and companies worldwide. Such as D-type dry powder, aerosol, inert gas, etc., are not ideal in fire extinguishing and practical use for various reasons, which is a problem in the present situation.
The present invention improves upon the above-mentioned deficiencies.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the background art, the invention provides an environment-friendly multifunctional composite fire extinguishing agent capable of extinguishing a lithium battery fire, so that the selection and the matching of the glasses are more convenient or the glasses can be replaced, and the actual requirements can be better met.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an environment-friendly multifunctional composite fire extinguishing agent capable of extinguishing lithium battery fire is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-50% of composite pour point depressant, 0.5-2.0% of thickening agent, 7-20% of flame retardant, 4-10% of stabilizer, 4-16% of micro foaming agent, 0.5-4% of anti-hardness agent, 0.2-5% of solubilizer, 0.1-0.5% of preservative and the balance of water; the composite pour point depressant is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: organic acid salt 6-20 wt%, inorganic salt 10-15 wt% and alcohol 4-15 wt%; the method is characterized in that 40-60% of vermiculite is added in the raw materials, the vermiculite contains water-layer-shaped iron magnesium silicate with microstructure, and the vermiculite is processed to exist in a layer or flake form, so that the water-system dispersed vermiculite fire extinguishing agent is prepared.
Preferably, the vermiculite is exfoliated by heat or chemical exfoliation, microscopic layers of water are removed and caused to swell, or microscopic flakes are produced that are suspended in the water.
Preferably, the thickener is guar gum, xanthan gum or pectin.
Preferably, the flame retardant is two or more of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate and urea.
Preferably, the stabilizer is ethylene glycol butyl ether or diethylene glycol ethyl ether.
Preferably, the micro-foaming agent is an alkyl glycoside; the anti-hardness agent is ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt; the preservative is sodium benzoate.
Preferably, the organic acid salt is one or more of potassium citrate, sodium lactate, potassium acetate and sodium acetate;
the inorganic salt is two or more of magnesium sulfate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, tripotassium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate; the alcohol comprises two or more of n-butanol, 1, 2-propylene glycol and glycerol;
the solubilizer is sodium tripolyphosphate.
Preferably, the water-based dispersed vermiculite fire extinguishing agent is sprayed in the form of water mist or foam.
The preparation method of the water-based fire extinguishing agent comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a composite pour point depressant;
(2) Preparing vermiculite in a layered or flaky form;
(2) Sequentially adding a flame retardant, a micro foaming agent, an anti-hardness agent, a solubilizer, a stabilizer and a thickening agent into the prepared composite pour point depressant, and stirring simultaneously;
(3) Adding vermiculite into the solution in the step (2);
(3) Finally adding the preservative, stirring for 15min and filtering;
the preparation method of the composite pour point depressant comprises the following steps:
a, preparing organic acid salt, reacting citric acid, lactic acid or acetic acid with potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate at 40-50 ℃, and purifying to obtain potassium citrate, sodium citrate, potassium lactate, sodium lactate, potassium acetate or sodium acetate;
b, adding inorganic salt into water, adding the organic acid salt prepared by the reaction after the inorganic salt is completely dissolved, and stirring and dissolving the organic acid salt uniformly;
and c, adding alcohol, and fully mixing to prepare the composite pour point depressant.
In summary, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the water-based vermiculite dispersion-type fire extinguishing agent is more efficient for D-type fire disasters compared with other types of fire extinguishing agents, and establishes a fireproof oxygen isolation layer by using vermiculite particles, so that fire can be quickly cooled and controlled, and the fire can be quickly extinguished.
Detailed Description
The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention.
Examples
The embodiment discloses an environment-friendly multifunctional composite fire extinguishing agent capable of extinguishing lithium battery fire, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-50% of composite pour point depressant, 0.5-2.0% of thickening agent, 7-20% of flame retardant, 4-10% of stabilizer, 4-16% of micro foaming agent, 0.5-4% of anti-hardness agent, 0.2-5% of solubilizer, 0.1-0.5% of preservative and the balance of water; the composite pour point depressant is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 6 to 20 percent of organic acid salt, 10 to 15 percent of inorganic salt and 4 to 15 percent of alcohol; 40-60% of vermiculite is also added in the raw materials, the vermiculite contains water-layer-shaped ferrimagnesium silicate with microstructure, and the vermiculite is processed to exist in a layer or sheet shape to prepare the water-system dispersion-type vermiculite extinguishing agent. The vermiculite is thermally or chemically exfoliated and the micro-lamellar water is removed and caused to swell, or microscopic flakes are produced which are suspended in the water.
Vermiculite is an ore existing in nature, has the exemption of environmental regulations, is a chemically and physically inert substance, only releases steam when at high temperature, and is nontoxic to the following animals and plants: 1. aqueous plants and animals; 2. a soil organism; 3. aerobic plants, organisms and animals; 4. anaerobic plants, organisms and animals.
The working principle of the water system dispersion type vermiculite extinguishing agent is as follows:
the AVD fire extinguishing agent forms water mist and foam due to the reaction between the combustible metal and water, the vermiculite particles in the water mist and foam accumulate on the fuel surface and form a coating on the combustion surface, the film layer dries immediately, and a non-combustible dense thin sheet layer is rapidly formed between the fire and the atmosphere to isolate the oxygen layer.
This process provides cooling to the fuel surface and the AVD flakes begin to build up a layer of vermiculite particles on the surface of the combustion source and the fire cools down and is controlled. Unlike other class D fires, which can last a long time before the fire is controlled and completely extinguished, vermiculite extinguishment designed according to this scheme allows rapid control of the fire.
Fire extinguishing equipment or system applying water system dispersion type vermiculite fire extinguishing agent: a hand-held fire extinguisher, a backpack fire extinguishing apparatus, a hand-push type fire extinguishing apparatus, a fire pump system and a fixed fire extinguishing system.
Wherein the thickener is guar gum, xanthan gum or pectin. The flame retardant is two or more of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate and urea. The stabilizer is ethylene glycol butyl ether or diethylene glycol ethyl ether. The micro foaming agent is alkyl glycoside; the anti-hardness agent is ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt; the preservative is sodium benzoate. The organic acid salt is one or more of potassium citrate, sodium lactate, potassium acetate and sodium acetate; the inorganic salt is two or more of magnesium sulfate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, tripotassium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate; the alcohol comprises two or more of n-butanol, 1, 2-propylene glycol and glycerol; the solubilizer is sodium tripolyphosphate. The spraying form of the water system dispersion type vermiculite extinguishing agent is water mist or foam.
The preparation method of the water-based extinguishing agent comprises the following steps:
mixing glacial acetic acid and potassium carbonate, reacting at 45 ℃, and purifying to obtain potassium acetate for later use; then adding sodium bicarbonate and ammonium bicarbonate into water, stirring and dissolving, then adding standby potassium acetate, continuously mixing and stirring, and adding 1,2 propylene glycol and glycerol to prepare a composite anticoagulant; adding diammonium hydrogen phosphate and urea into the composite anticoagulant, stirring for dissolving, and then adding alkyl glycoside (APG), mixing and stirring; adding ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt and sodium tripolyphosphate, stirring for dissolving, and continuously adding ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, stirring and mixing; adding guar gum, dispersing, adding vermiculite, adding sodium benzoate, stirring for 15min, filtering, barreling, and packaging.
Wherein, the processing mode of the vermiculite comprises the following steps:
vermiculite raw material (containing a small amount of phlogopite);
hydrogen peroxide solution (mass fraction is 20%);
oxalic acid.
The preparation method comprises the steps of mixing oxalic acid and hydrogen peroxide in a container, wherein the volume mass ratio of the oxalic acid to the hydrogen peroxide is 1.2-1.4, adding a vermiculite raw material after mixing, heating the mixture through an electrolytic rod for 15-30 minutes, and expanding the vermiculite raw material.
The fire extinguishing effect of the water system dispersion type vermiculite fire extinguishing agent is tested:
subject: a lithium battery or a lithium battery pack;
the experiment mode is that 60kg of lithium ion battery professional fire extinguishing agent is filled in a fire extinguishing storage tank, a nitrogen pressurization mode is adopted, 4 special nozzles are installed at the tail end of an outlet pipeline of the fire extinguishing agent storage tank, and the working pressure level (1.01-1.22) MPa of the nozzles is guaranteed in the experiment process.
Test arrangement and test procedure
The experiment is gone on in the space that length, width, height are 1m respectively, uses 4 bar-shaped heating device to heat 2 battery monomers, and wherein bar-shaped heating device power is 250w, and the battery is placed on the support, and the support height 250mm, and the support is placed between two parties in the proof box, and the proof box door is in the closed condition among the experimentation. Before the test, the single battery is charged until the SOC is more than or equal to 95%, the heating device is started, when the battery is out of control and burns violently, the fire extinguishing device is started, the valve of the outlet pipeline of the device is closed after open fire is extinguished, and the lithium ion battery does not have the reignition imagination within 10min after spraying is stopped.
And (3) test results: the water system dispersion type vermiculite extinguishing agent has good fire extinguishing effect on the lithium battery, can quickly extinguish the open fire of the lithium battery, and does not reburn.
The skilled person should know that: although the invention has been described in terms of the above specific embodiments, the inventive concept is not limited thereto and any modification applying the inventive concept is intended to be included within the scope of the patent claims.
Claims (10)
1. An environment-friendly multifunctional composite fire extinguishing agent capable of extinguishing lithium battery fire is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-50% of composite pour point depressant, 0.5-2.0% of thickening agent, 7-20% of flame retardant, 4-10% of stabilizer, 4-16% of micro foaming agent, 0.5-4% of anti-hardness agent, 0.2-5% of solubilizer, 0.1-0.5% of preservative and the balance of water; the composite pour point depressant is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: organic acid salt 6-20 wt%, inorganic salt 10-15 wt% and alcohol 4-15 wt%; the method is characterized in that 40-60% of vermiculite is added in the raw materials, the vermiculite contains water-layer-shaped iron magnesium silicate with microstructure, and the vermiculite is processed to exist in a layer or flake form, so that the water-system dispersed vermiculite fire extinguishing agent is prepared.
2. The environment-friendly multifunctional composite fire extinguishing agent capable of extinguishing lithium battery fire as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the vermiculite is thermally or chemically exfoliated and the micro-lamellar water is removed and caused to swell, or microscopic flakes are produced which are suspended in the water.
3. The environment-friendly multifunctional composite fire extinguishing agent capable of extinguishing lithium battery fire as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the thickening agent is guar gum, xanthan gum or pectin.
4. The environment-friendly multifunctional composite fire extinguishing agent capable of extinguishing lithium battery fire as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the flame retardant is two or more of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate and urea.
5. The environment-friendly multifunctional composite fire extinguishing agent capable of extinguishing lithium battery fire as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the stabilizer is ethylene glycol butyl ether or diethylene glycol ethyl ether.
6. The environment-friendly multifunctional composite fire extinguishing agent capable of extinguishing lithium battery fire as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the micro foaming agent is alkyl glycoside; the anti-hardness agent is ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt; the preservative is sodium benzoate.
7. The environment-friendly multifunctional composite fire extinguishing agent capable of extinguishing lithium battery fire according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the organic acid salt is one or more of potassium citrate, sodium lactate, potassium acetate and sodium acetate;
the inorganic salt is two or more of magnesium sulfate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, tripotassium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate; the alcohol comprises two or more of n-butanol, 1, 2-propylene glycol and glycerol;
the solubilizer is sodium tripolyphosphate.
8. The environment-friendly multifunctional composite fire extinguishing agent capable of extinguishing lithium battery fire as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the spraying form of the water system dispersion type vermiculite extinguishing agent is water mist or foam.
9. The environment-friendly multifunctional composite fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing lithium battery fire as claimed in claims 1 to 8, wherein: the application of the water-based dispersion type vermiculite fire extinguishing agent passes through fire extinguishing equipment or a fire extinguishing system.
10. The environment-friendly multifunctional composite fire extinguishing agent capable of extinguishing lithium battery fire according to claims 1 to 9, wherein the environment-friendly multifunctional composite fire extinguishing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: the preparation method of the water-based fire extinguishing agent comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a composite pour point depressant;
(2) Preparing vermiculite in a layered or flaky form;
(2) Sequentially adding a flame retardant, a micro foaming agent, an anti-hardness agent, a solubilizer, a stabilizer and a thickening agent into the prepared composite pour point depressant, and stirring simultaneously;
(3) Adding vermiculite into the solution in the step (2);
(3) Finally adding the preservative, stirring for 15min and filtering;
the preparation method of the composite pour point depressant comprises the following steps:
a, preparing organic acid salt, reacting citric acid, lactic acid or acetic acid with potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate at 40-50 ℃, and purifying to obtain potassium citrate, sodium citrate, potassium lactate, sodium lactate, potassium acetate or sodium acetate;
b, adding inorganic salt into water, adding the organic acid salt prepared by the reaction after the inorganic salt is completely dissolved, and stirring and dissolving the organic acid salt uniformly;
and c, adding alcohol, and fully mixing to prepare the composite pour point depressant.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211145817.9A CN115445136A (en) | 2022-09-20 | 2022-09-20 | Environment-friendly multifunctional composite fire extinguishing agent capable of extinguishing lithium battery fire |
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| CN202211145817.9A CN115445136A (en) | 2022-09-20 | 2022-09-20 | Environment-friendly multifunctional composite fire extinguishing agent capable of extinguishing lithium battery fire |
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| CN115445136A true CN115445136A (en) | 2022-12-09 |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109224355A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2019-01-18 | 南京市高淳消防药剂有限公司 | A kind of water-based extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
| US20190290950A1 (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2019-09-26 | Kidde Technologies, Inc. | Vermiculite based fire suppression agent |
| CN111514509A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-08-11 | 四川天地同光科技有限责任公司 | Water-based solid-microsystem fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing combustion flame of lithium battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN114602111A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-06-10 | 上海大学 | A kind of multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
-
2022
- 2022-09-20 CN CN202211145817.9A patent/CN115445136A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109224355A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2019-01-18 | 南京市高淳消防药剂有限公司 | A kind of water-based extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
| US20190290950A1 (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2019-09-26 | Kidde Technologies, Inc. | Vermiculite based fire suppression agent |
| CN111514509A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-08-11 | 四川天地同光科技有限责任公司 | Water-based solid-microsystem fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing combustion flame of lithium battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN114602111A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-06-10 | 上海大学 | A kind of multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 王德滋: "光性矿物学", vol. 1975, 上海人民出版社, pages: 208 * |
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