CN115438793B - Quantum chip, preparation method thereof and quantum computer - Google Patents
Quantum chip, preparation method thereof and quantum computer Download PDFInfo
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- G06N10/00—Quantum computing, i.e. information processing based on quantum-mechanical phenomena
- G06N10/20—Models of quantum computing, e.g. quantum circuits or universal quantum computers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N10/00—Quantum computing, i.e. information processing based on quantum-mechanical phenomena
- G06N10/40—Physical realisations or architectures of quantum processors or components for manipulating qubits, e.g. qubit coupling or qubit control
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Abstract
The application discloses a quantum chip, a preparation method thereof and a quantum computer, and belongs to the technical field of quantum computing. A quantum chip, comprising: a superconducting quantum interference device located on the first surface; and a magnetic flux regulating signal line which is positioned on the second surface and one end of which is grounded, wherein one section of the magnetic flux regulating signal line forms a coil, and the coil is coupled with the superconducting quantum interference device so as to regulate the magnetic flux of the superconducting quantum interference device. The section of the magnetic flux regulating signal line forms a coil, so that the mutual inductance between the Z control line and the sequid can be enhanced, larger magnetic flux is generated in the sequid region, and the coil is coupled with the superconducting quantum interference device, so that the magnetic flux passing through the sequid region under the condition of equal current is improved, and the aim of effectively regulating and controlling the quantum bit frequency is fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of quantum information, in particular to the technical field of quantum computing, and particularly relates to a quantum chip, a preparation method thereof and a quantum computer.
Background
The qubit on the quantum chip is a basic unit for performing quantum computation, and the performance of the qubit can be adjusted by changing the frequency of the qubit, so that a series of operations are realized. The frequency regulation of the qubit can be realized by applying a magnetic field generated by a current signal to a frequency regulation line (also called a Z control line or a magnetic flux regulation signal line) to regulate the generation of corresponding magnetic flux in the short region, wherein the magnitude of the magnetic flux is proportional to the current applied to the Z control line and the mutual inductance of the Z control line to the short region. Along with the large-scale of the quantum chip, the number of integrated and expanded quantum bits is increased, and the reliability of the coupling regulation and control of the Z control line and the squid is also important.
Summary of the invention
The application provides a quantum chip, a preparation method thereof and a quantum computer, in the scheme of the application, the reliability of the coupling of the Z control line and the required is higher.
One embodiment of the present application provides a quantum chip including: a superconducting quantum interference device located on the first surface; and a magnetic flux regulating signal line which is positioned on the second surface and one end of which is grounded, wherein one section of the magnetic flux regulating signal line forms a coil, and the coil is coupled with the superconducting quantum interference device so as to regulate the magnetic flux of the superconducting quantum interference device.
A quantum chip as described above, in some embodiments, the coil covers the superconducting quantum interference device in a region orthographic projected on the first surface.
A quantum chip as described above, in some embodiments, the first surface is defined by a first substrate and the second surface is defined by a second substrate, the first and second substrates being interconnected and the first and second surfaces being opposite.
A quantum chip as described above, in some embodiments, the length is wound to form the coil according to the following shape: one of rectangular, circular, triangular, or a portion of one of rectangular, circular, triangular.
In some embodiments, the quantum chip as described above, the coil comprises a plurality of turns.
In some embodiments, the quantum chip as described above, the length is wound from outside to inside along the direction from the input terminal to the ground terminal to form the coil.
The quantum chip as described above, in some embodiments, is connected across to the external ground of the coil at one end of the interior of the coil by an air bridge.
In some embodiments, the quantum chip as described above, the magnetic flux controlling signal line includes the one section and the other section that are connected, the one section is wound from inside to outside along the direction from the input end to the ground end to form the coil, and the coil is bridged over the other section through an air bridge.
Another embodiment of the application provides a quantum computer comprising a quantum chip as described above.
The application also provides a preparation method of the quantum chip, which comprises the following steps: forming a superconducting quantum interference device on the first surface; and forming a magnetic flux regulating signal line with one end grounded on the second surface, wherein one section of the magnetic flux regulating signal line forms a coil, and the coil is coupled with the superconducting quantum interference device to regulate the magnetic flux of the superconducting quantum interference device.
Compared with the prior art, the quantum chip provided by the application comprises the superconducting quantum interference device positioned on the first surface and the magnetic flux regulating signal line positioned on the second surface and one end of which is grounded, wherein one section of the magnetic flux regulating signal line forms a coil, and the coil is coupled with the superconducting quantum interference device to regulate the magnetic flux of the superconducting quantum interference device. The coil formed by one section of the magnetic flux regulating signal line can enhance the mutual inductance between the magnetic flux regulating signal line and the superconducting quantum interference device, larger magnetic flux is generated in the area of the superconducting quantum interference device, and the magnetic flux passing through the superconducting quantum interference device under the condition of equal current can be improved through the coupling of the coil and the superconducting quantum interference device under the structure, so that the aim of effectively regulating and controlling the quantum bit frequency is fulfilled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a qubit arranged on a quantum chip in the related art;
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a quantum chip according to a first embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a qubit arranged on a quantum chip according to a second embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic flux controlling signal line according to a second embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a qubit arranged on a quantum chip according to a third embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic flux controlling signal line according to a third embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a qubit arranged on a quantum chip according to a fourth embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic flux controlling signal line according to a fourth embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-a first substrate, 11-a first surface,
2-A second substrate, 21-a second surface,
3-Superconducting quantum interference device, 31-Josephson junction,
4-Magnetic flux controlling signal line, 41-first section, 411-coil, 42-second section, 43-ground terminal, 44-input terminal,
5-An inflow current, 51-a first magnetic induction line,
6-An outgoing current, 61-a second magnetic induction line,
71-A first air bridge, 72-a second air bridge,
81-First ground region, 82-second ground region,
9-Super guide post.
Detailed Description
In the following description, certain specific details are included to provide a thorough understanding of various disclosed embodiments and examples. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that an embodiment may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, etc. That is, the embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary only for explaining the present application and are not construed as limiting the present application.
For purposes of clarity, technical solutions, and advantages of embodiments of the present application, one or more embodiments will now be described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like components throughout. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. It may be evident, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details, and that such embodiments may be incorporated by reference herein without departing from the scope of the claims.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and the claims of the present application and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the application described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
In addition, it will be understood that when a layer (or film), region, pattern, or structure is referred to as being "on" a substrate, layer (or film), region, and/or pattern, it can be directly on another layer or substrate, and/or intervening layers may also be present. In addition, it will be understood that when a layer is referred to as being "under" another layer, it can be directly under the other layer and/or one or more intervening layers may also be present. In addition, references to "upper" and "lower" on the respective layers may be made based on the drawings.
A qubit (qubit), which is a basic unit of quantum information, includes superconducting quantum circuits, semiconductor quantum dots, ion traps, diamond vacancies, topological quanta, photons, etc., in a physical implementation, according to different physical systems employed to construct the qubit. Quantum computation based on superconducting quantum circuits is currently the most rapidly advancing implementation of solid quantum computation, where superconducting devices are electronic devices that exploit properties of superconducting materials (e.g., zero resistance and flux expulsion when cooled below critical temperature characteristics of superconducting materials). The energy level structure of the superconducting quantum circuit can be regulated and controlled by externally adding electromagnetic signals, so that the design customization of the circuit is high in controllability. Meanwhile, the superconducting quantum circuit has unmatched expandability of a plurality of quantum physical systems due to the existing mature integrated circuit process.
The quantum chip based on the superconducting quantum circuit comprises superconducting circuit structures such as superconducting quantum bits, microwave resonant cavities and the like. Superconducting qubits are two-level systems formed by using a capacitor and a josephson junction with nonlinear inductance characteristics. Through designing into different shapes, the states of electrical parameters such as capacitance, inductance and the like of different targets are realized. Transmons superconducting qubit shape is shaped like a "+", consisting of a cross-shaped capacitor and superconducting quantum interference device (squid) connected to one branch end of the capacitor, wherein the superconducting quantum interference device (squid) comprises one or more josephson junctions, which are devices comprising two electrodes, the material of which can be superconducting at or below the critical temperature characteristic of the material, and a thin insulating barrier separating the two electrodes. There are a number of different functional control lines around the superconducting qubit, such as an XY-control line (also called XY control line or pulse control signal line), a resonator for bit reading, and a coupling control connection for bits. In addition, the bit Z rotation operation is performed by a control signal line in the vicinity of the superconducting quantum interference device (squid), which is called a frequency control line (also called a Z control line or a magnetic flux control signal line), which is arranged in the vicinity of the superconducting quantum interference device (squid) and excites a current, and is coupled to the superconducting quantum interference device (squid) by a magnetic flux. It should be noted that both the flux modulating signal line and the drive control line may be used to control the qubit, but their control forms are essentially different in that the flux modulating signal line applies a magnetic field to the superconducting quantum interference device (squid) region of the magnetic flux to control the frequency of the qubit, while the drive control line applies a pulse to the qubit in the form of an electric field that rotates the qubit around the bloch sphere to represent the desired superposition of the qubits.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a qubit arranged on a quantum chip in the related art.
In connection with fig. 1, the qubit structure usually employs a single capacitor to ground, and a superconducting quantum interference device (squid) with one end grounded and the other end connected to the capacitor, and the capacitor is usually a cross-type parallel plate capacitor. Referring to fig. 1, a cross-shaped capacitive plate C q is surrounded by a ground plane (GND), and a gap is provided between the cross-shaped capacitive plate C q and the ground plane (GND), one end of a superconducting quantum interference device (required) is connected to the cross-shaped capacitive plate C q, and the other end is connected to the ground plane (GND), since a first end of the cross-shaped capacitive plate C q is generally used for connecting the superconducting quantum interference device (required), a second end is used for coupling with a read resonator, a certain space is reserved near the first end and the second end for arranging a microwave transmission line such as a drive control line, a magnetic flux control signal line, and the like, and the other two ends of the cross-shaped capacitive plate C q are used for coupling with adjacent quantum bits. The magnetic flux regulating signal line and the superconducting quantum interference device (squid) are in the same plane, the magnetic flux regulating signal line is approximately straight and is closely abutted against the superconducting quantum interference device (squid) area, and current flows through the straight conducting wire serving as the magnetic flux regulating signal line to generate a magnetic field which surrounds the current conducting wire in the radial direction and spirals around the current conducting wire, so that the magnetic flux regulating signal line can be tightly coupled with the superconducting quantum interference device (squid). However, in this structure, the qubits and other physical structures are directly arranged on the wafer substrate with a limited single-layer surface area, the number of the qubits which can be constructed is very limited, the size of the qubit physical structure is generally in the size of tens to hundreds of micrometers, and the number of the qubits which can be formed on the single-layer surface is limited to about hundreds of bits.
In order to improve the calculation capability of quantum calculation, the quantum chip with a multi-layer substrate structure can be used for expanding the quantum bit quantity, for example, a reading resonant cavity and an array of the quantum bit structure are constructed on one substrate, a driving control line, a magnetic flux regulating signal line, a reading signal line and the like are constructed on the other substrate, and the two substrates are interconnected through flip-chip welding, namely, the magnetic flux regulating signal line and a superconducting quantum interference device (squid) are respectively designed on the two substrates, a cavity with a certain height exists between the two substrates, and a Z control line regulates the superconducting quantum interference device (squid) in a space coupling mode. This configuration may allow an increased number of qubits to be arranged on the wafer substrate. However, for the superconducting quantum circuit with double-layer or multi-layer circuit layout, the integration level is higher and the space structure is more compact, the superconducting quantum interference device (squid) and the control line are arranged on different planes, the relative distance is larger, the magnetic flux generated by the current on the magnetic flux regulating signal line in the superconducting quantum interference device (squid) area is relatively weaker, and the larger magnetic flux is difficult to generate in the superconducting quantum interference device (squid) area, so that the regulation of the frequency is inevitably influenced. Therefore, the application provides a quantum chip, a preparation method thereof and a quantum computer, so as to ensure that the coupling regulation and control of a magnetic flux regulation and control signal line and a superconducting quantum interference device (required) have higher reliability, thereby ensuring that the coherence time and the operation accuracy of a quantum bit are not influenced.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a quantum chip according to a first embodiment of the present application, which schematically illustrates a cross-sectional structure of the quantum chip formed by interconnecting two layers of substrates, and in fig. 2, a part of a cross section of a magnetic flux controlling signal line 4 schematically illustrates a direction of current flow, and a part of the cross section schematically illustrates a magnetic induction line.
Referring to fig. 2, and in combination with fig. 1, a quantum chip according to an embodiment of the present application includes: a superconducting quantum interference device 3 located at the first surface 11; and a magnetic flux regulating signal line 4 which is positioned on the second surface 21 and one end of which is grounded, wherein a section of the magnetic flux regulating signal line 4 forms a coil 411, and the coil 411 is coupled with the superconducting quantum interference device 3 to regulate the magnetic flux of the superconducting quantum interference device 3. Unlike the conventional mode of configuring the magnetic flux regulating signal line 4 on the plane forming the superconducting quantum interference device 3 for regulating, the magnetic flux regulating signal line 4 is provided on the other surface, the coil 411 formed by winding part of the magnetic flux regulating signal line 4 can enhance the mutual inductance between the magnetic flux regulating signal line 4 and the superconducting quantum interference device (squid) 3, larger magnetic flux is generated in the area of the superconducting quantum interference device (squid) 3, and the coil 411 is coupled with the superconducting quantum interference device (squid) 3, so that the magnetic flux passing through the squid area under the condition of equal current can be improved, and the aim of effectively regulating the quantum bit frequency is achieved.
According to the embodiment of the present application, the coil 411 generates a magnetic field after being supplied with a bias current, as shown in fig. 2, a magnetic field generated along the direction of the current 5 flowing in the cross section is shown as a first magnetic induction line 51, a magnetic field generated along the direction of the current 6 flowing in the cross section is shown as a second magnetic induction line 61, and the magnetic field penetrates through the loop area of the superconducting quantum interference device 3, so that the magnetic flux of the superconducting quantum interference device 3 is changed, and thus the frequency of the qubit can be regulated. The magnetic flux of the superconducting quantum interference device 3 may be changed based on Direct Current (DC) or current pulses on the magnetic flux regulating signal line 4, for example, adjusted with reference to magnetic flux Φ=jsl, where J is the current density, S is the sectional area of the signal line, and L is the mutual inductance value. By providing the magnetic flux modulating signal line 4 sufficiently close to the superconducting quantum interference device 3 (i.e. by providing at least some portion of the magnetic flux modulating signal line 4 close to sequid), the magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the magnetic flux modulating signal line 4 expands to sequid, changing the magnetic flux and thereby tuning the frequency. The coil 411 is formed to provide magnetic flux, so that the area of the required magnetic flux can be reduced, and the reduced area of the required magnetic flux can reduce the influence of external magnetic flux noise.
In an embodiment of the present application, the magnetic flux controlling signal line 4 may be a superconducting line, for example, one or more of aluminum (Al), niobium (Nb), niobium nitride (NbN), titanium nitride (TiN), and niobium titanium nitride (NbTiN). The extent to which the magnetic flux trapped in the superconducting loop penetrates the squid loop is determined by the mutual inductance M between the superconducting loop and the squid loop. The penetration flux causes a change in the critical current of the squid, which results in a change in the frequency of the tunable qubit.
In addition, compared with the mode of generating a magnetic field by a straight wire, the structure form of the embodiment provided by the application is beneficial to reducing the influence caused by horizontal direction offset caused by flip-chip bonding to a lower level, and has higher reliability.
In the embodiment provided by the present application, the first surface 11 and the second surface 21 may be opposite surfaces of the same substrate, or may be opposite surfaces of two substrates.
In some embodiments of the application, the first surface 11 is defined by the bottom of the first substrate 1, the second surface 21 is defined by the top of the second substrate 2, the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are interconnected, and the first surface 11 and the second surface 21 are spaced apart to form opposing and substantially parallel. Illustratively, the structure of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 interconnection includes a super-pillar 9, such as an indium pillar. In practice, the superconducting pillars 9 may be used to achieve a common ground connection of the first and second substrates 1,2, i.e. to interconnect a first ground region 81 at the first surface 11 and a second ground region 82 at the second surface 21. In this embodiment, the superconducting columns 9 only serve as supporting connection and interconnection of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2, the magnetic flux control signal lines 4 do not need to lead part of the magnetic flux control signal lines 4 to the first surface 11 to form coplanar mutual inductance with the squid area by means of the conductive structures such as the superconducting columns 9, and the magnetic flux control signal lines 4 and the squid area which are arranged in different planes directly form mutual inductance.
According to an embodiment of the application, the coil 411 is aligned with the superconducting quantum interference device 3 in order to maximize the inductive coupling between the coil 411 and the superconducting quantum interference device 3. The coil 411 may be vertically aligned with the superconducting quantum interference device 3, and as illustrated in fig. 2, the center of the coil 411 may be vertically aligned with the center of the superconducting quantum interference device 3. Illustratively, the center of the coil 411 may be laterally offset with respect to the center of the superconducting quantum interference device 3. It will be appreciated that the inductive coupling between the coil 411 and the superconducting quantum interference device 3 may depend on the extent to which the coil 411 is aligned with the superconducting quantum interference device 3, for example, in some embodiments of the application the coil 411 covers the superconducting quantum interference device 3 in the region of the front projection of the first surface 11, thereby ensuring that a larger mutual inductance is formed.
In some embodiments of the application, the length of wound trace is wound to form the coil 411 according to the following geometry: one of rectangular, circular, triangular, or a portion of one of rectangular, circular, triangular. The above geometry may delineate areas on a closed or incompletely closed plane. Illustratively, the coil 411 may be formed by winding it around a ring or a portion of a ring, wherein the term "ring" refers to a shape that is at least partially circular or/and curved upon itself. The above-described structural design of the wrapped-around magnetic flux controlling signal line 4 helps to increase the mutual inductance of the magnetic flux controlling signal line 4 to the required area, reduce the influence of horizontal offset caused by the stability of the flip-chip bonding process portion to a lower level, and provide reliability for the structure according to the embodiment of the present application compared to the manner in which the magnetic field is generated by the straight wire. In addition, such a structure may provide an advantage over conventional substantially straight Z control lines in generating a magnetic field that may tune the frequency with a sufficient degree of control while ensuring that the magnetic field does not substantially affect other components of the quantum circuit placed at greater distances.
In some embodiments of the application, the coil 411 comprises a plurality of turns. The magnetic flux regulating signal line 4 is formed into a plurality of homodromous annular structures by adopting the form of the multi-turn coil 411, so that the mutual inductance to the required area is enhanced, and the magnetic flux passing through the required area under the condition of equal current is improved, thereby effectively regulating and controlling the quantum bit frequency. According to the structure of the embodiment of the application, the required excitation circuit is reduced under the same coupling strength, so that the crosstalk caused by the enhancement of the space-dispersive magnetic field is reduced.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a qubit arranged on a quantum chip according to a second embodiment of the present application, and fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic flux controlling signal line according to a second embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a qubit arranged on a quantum chip according to a third embodiment of the present application, and fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic flux controlling signal line according to a third embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a qubit arranged on a quantum chip according to a fourth embodiment of the present application, and fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic flux controlling signal line according to a fourth embodiment of the present application.
In fig. 3,5, and 7, the structure in which the magnetic flux controlling signal line 4 and the qubit are located on both surfaces is schematically shown, the capacitance located on the upper surface and the superconducting quantum interference device (squid) 3 are schematically shown by solid lines, the capacitance is schematically shown by filling, and the magnetic flux controlling signal line 4 located on the lower surface is schematically shown by broken lines in order to distinguish the magnetic flux controlling signal line 4 and the qubit. In fig. 4, 6 and 8, the structure of the respective magnetic flux controlling signal line 4 is shown separately, the magnetic flux controlling signal line 4 comprising a first section 41 and a second section 42 of unitary construction, the first section 41 having a ground terminal 43 and the second section 42 having an input terminal 44.
To facilitate the grounding of the magnetic flux controlling signal line 4 to form a mutual inductance to the required area, the implementation of the magnetic flux controlling signal line 4 in the embodiment of the present application will be further described with reference to fig. 3 to 8 and with reference to fig. 1 and 2. In the first example of the present application, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the first section 41 is wound in a circuit layer from the outside to the inside along the direction from the input end 44 to the ground end 43 to form the coil 411, and the direction from the input end 44 to the ground end 43 may be the transmission direction of the applied current signal. Illustratively, the end of the coil 411 that is located at the innermost portion is electrically connected to the second ground region 82 as the ground 43. In a second example, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the coil 411 is formed in one circuit layer, and the ground terminal 43 inside the coil 411 is bridged from above the coil 411 by a first air bridge 71 and connected to a second ground area 82 outside the coil 411, i.e. bridging inside and outside the coil 411 is achieved by means of a first air bridge 71. In a third example of the present application, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the magnetic flux controlling signal line 4 includes the first segment 41 and the remaining segment (the second segment 42 as shown in the drawings) which are connected, the first segment 41 is wound from inside to outside along the direction from the input end 44 to the ground end 43 to form the coil 411, and the coil 411 is bridged over the second segment 42 by the second air 72, wherein the direction from the input end 44 to the ground end 43 may be the transmission direction of the applied current signal, and in this example, when the coil 411 is wound, the wound track of the coil 411 crosses the track of the second segment 42 of the magnetic flux controlling signal line 4, that is, the portion where the coil 411 crosses the second segment 42 is bridged over the second segment 42 by the air bridge. It should be noted that, according to the simulation result of the applicant, when the current supplied to the input terminal 44 is the same, the current density in the coil 441 in the second example and the third example is more uniform, the current density at the two edges of the wire is small, the current density in the middle area is large, and the coupling mutual inductance between the coil 441 and the required area in the second example and the third example is stronger in consideration of the distance between the overcurrent wire and the required area, which is about 10% higher than that in the first example. Not limited to the foregoing embodiment, the multi-turn coils 411 may also be distributed in different circuit layers, and illustratively, in two adjacent turns, one turn is distributed in an upper circuit layer and the other turn is distributed in a lower circuit layer, and the two turns may be connected in series by a superconducting electrical element (e.g., indium pillar).
Another aspect of the application provides a quantum computer comprising a quantum chip as described above. Specifically, the quantum computer includes: a refrigeration system under vacuum, the refrigeration system comprising a closed vessel; the quantum chip of the above embodiment, which is contained within a refrigerated vacuum environment defined by the closed vessel, wherein the quantum chip comprises a plurality of the magnetic flux modulating signal lines 4; and a plurality of electromagnetic waveguides disposed within the refrigerated vacuum environment to direct electromagnetic energy to and receive electromagnetic energy from at least one selected one of the plurality of said magnetic flux modulating signal lines. The frequency of each qubit may be tuned by applying magnetic flux to a corresponding superconducting quantum interference device using a corresponding magnetic flux modulating signal line.
It should be noted here that: the above quantum chip set in the quantum computer is similar to the structure in the above quantum chip embodiment and has the same advantageous effects as the above quantum chip embodiment, so that a detailed description is omitted. For technical details not disclosed in the quantum computer embodiments of the present application, those skilled in the art will understand with reference to the above description of the quantum chip, and the details are not repeated here for the sake of brevity.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the third aspect of the present application further provides a method for manufacturing a quantum chip, including the following steps S100 to S200, in which: step S100, forming a superconducting quantum interference device 3 on a first surface 11; and step S200, forming a magnetic flux control signal line 4 with one end grounded on the second surface 21, wherein a section of the magnetic flux control signal line 4 forms a coil 411, and the coil 411 is coupled with the superconducting quantum interference device 4 to control the magnetic flux of the superconducting quantum interference device 4. The superconducting quantum interference device 3 and the magnetic flux regulating signal line 4 are directly formed on different surfaces, so that the influence of unstable preparation process of a cross-plane electric structure is avoided, meanwhile, a section of the magnetic flux regulating signal line forms a coil which can generate larger magnetic flux in the area of the superconducting quantum interference device, the mutual inductance between the magnetic flux regulating signal line and the superconducting quantum interference device is enhanced, the coil is coupled with the superconducting quantum interference device, and therefore the magnetic flux passing through the superconducting quantum interference device under the condition of equal current is improved, and the aim of effectively regulating and controlling the quantum bit frequency is achieved.
In some embodiments of the application, the first surface 11 is defined by the bottom of the first substrate 1, the second surface 21 is defined by the top of the second substrate 2, the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are interconnected, and the first surface 11 and the second surface 21 are spaced apart to form opposing and substantially parallel. Illustratively, the structure of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 interconnection includes a super-pillar 9, such as an indium pillar. In practice, the superconducting pillars 9 may be used to achieve a common ground connection of the first and second substrates 1,2, i.e. to interconnect a first ground region 81 at the first surface 11 and a second ground region 82 at the second surface 21. In this embodiment, the superconducting columns 9 only serve as supporting connection and interconnection of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2, the magnetic flux control signal lines 4 do not need to lead part of the magnetic flux control signal lines 4 to the first surface 11 to form coplanar mutual inductance with the squid area by means of the conductive structures such as the superconducting columns 9, and the magnetic flux control signal lines 4 and the squid area which are arranged in different planes directly form mutual inductance.
The construction, features and effects of the present application have been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the present application is not limited to the embodiments shown in the drawings, all changes, or modifications to the teachings of the application, which fall within the meaning and range of equivalents are intended to be embraced therein, are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (9)
1. A quantum chip, comprising:
a superconducting quantum interference device located on the first surface; and
A magnetic flux regulating signal line which is positioned on the second surface and one end of which is grounded, wherein one section of the magnetic flux regulating signal line forms a coil, the coil is coupled with the superconducting quantum interference device to regulate the magnetic flux of the superconducting quantum interference device, and the magnetic flux regulating signal line is a superconducting line;
The coil covers the superconducting quantum interference device in a region of the orthographic projection of the first surface.
2. The quantum chip of claim 1, wherein the first surface is defined by a first substrate and the second surface is defined by a second substrate, the first and second substrates being interconnected and the first and second surfaces being opposed.
3. The quantum chip of claim 1, wherein the length is wound to form the coil according to the following shape: one of rectangular, circular, triangular, or a portion of one of rectangular, circular, triangular.
4. A quantum chip as claimed in claim 3, wherein the coil comprises a plurality of turns.
5. The quantum chip of claim 3 or 4, wherein the length is wound from outside to inside along a direction from the input terminal to the ground terminal to form the coil.
6. The quantum chip of claim 5, wherein one end at the interior of the coil is connected across to the exterior of the coil to ground through an air bridge.
7. The quantum chip of claim 3 or 4, wherein the magnetic flux modulating signal line comprises the one section and the remaining sections in communication, the one section is wound from inside to outside along a direction from an input end to a ground end to form the coil, and the coil is bridged over the remaining sections by an air bridge.
8. A quantum computer comprising the quantum chip of any one of claims 1-7.
9. The preparation method of the quantum chip is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
forming a superconducting quantum interference device on the first surface; and
Forming a magnetic flux regulating signal line with one end grounded on the second surface, wherein one section of the magnetic flux regulating signal line forms a coil, the coil is coupled with the superconducting quantum interference device to regulate the magnetic flux of the superconducting quantum interference device, and the magnetic flux regulating signal line is a superconducting line;
The coil covers the superconducting quantum interference device in a region of the orthographic projection of the first surface.
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| CN116796847B (en) * | 2023-06-09 | 2025-07-15 | 北京百度网讯科技有限公司 | Quantum chip, quantum computer and manufacturing method |
| CN116596080B (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-09-26 | 中诚华隆计算机技术有限公司 | Method for improving quantum computing stability |
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| CN113939833A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2022-01-14 | 谷歌有限责任公司 | Single wire qubit control |
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