CN115396029A - Unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted all-around multi-target laser communication system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted all-around multi-target laser communication system, and relates to the technical field of laser communication. The method is used for solving the problem that the unmanned aerial vehicle meets the command interaction requirement of cluster formation under the strong electromagnetic interference environment, the traditional laser communication is difficult to realize multi-target simultaneous communication, and the system is complex and the volume and weight are not suitable for the suspension loading environment of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The system consists of a communication module, a main control end, a heat dissipation module and a structural support piece, wherein the communication module comprises a communication coding and decoding circuit board, a laser emission unit and a laser receiving unit; the multi-path simultaneous communication capability in the range of 360 degrees in azimuth and a certain pitch angle is realized through the circumferential array of the communication modules, and the communication module has the advantages of small size, light weight, low power consumption and the like.

Description

A UAV-borne full-circle multi-target laser communication system and method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of laser communication, in particular to an unmanned aerial vehicle-borne all-around multi-target laser communication system and method.

Background technique

With the expansion of the application field of unmanned aerial vehicles, drones, as high-tech equipment in the new era, play a vital role in changing the combat style and winning future wars. Due to the increase in military combat requirements and the specific needs of social development, the application of UAV formations has attracted extensive research. a huge advantage.

Traditional radio frequency communication is easily affected by electromagnetic field interference, and it is difficult to communicate efficiently in real time, which affects the cooperative combat effectiveness of UAV clusters. In addition, the broadcast characteristics of radio frequency communication are prone to co-frequency interference and information leakage, which restricts the safety of UAVs. and concealment performance.

Free space laser communication refers to the communication between free space channels using laser beams as information carriers. Laser communication has many advantages such as high propagation directionality, large transmission capacity, strong confidentiality, no need for spectrum authorization, and outstanding anti-interference ability. Therefore, UAV airborne laser communication is an effective solution for anti-jamming and large-capacity airborne communication network construction.

At present, laser communication usually uses a tracking mechanism to achieve point-to-point communication. Although the signal rate is high, it is difficult to achieve multi-target communication at the same time; at the same time, due to the tracking mechanism, the system is complex, and the volume, weight and power consumption are relatively high. Man-machine use is limited.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems existing in the formation communication of unmanned aerial vehicles in the existing space laser communication terminals, the present invention provides an unmanned aerial vehicle-borne all-around multi-target laser communication system and method.

An unmanned aerial vehicle-borne all-round multi-target laser communication system, including a main control terminal, a heat dissipation module and a plurality of communication modules arranged in a circumferential array;

Each communication module includes a laser emitting unit, a laser receiving unit and a signal encoding and decoding circuit, and the laser emitting unit and the laser receiving unit are connected to the signal encoding and decoding circuit through a cable;

The laser emitting unit includes a driving circuit, a VCSEL laser, an array substrate and a beam shaping lens. A plurality of VCSEL lasers inlaid with a beam shaping lens are welded on the array substrate and powered by a circuit in the array substrate. The driving circuit sends signals to The digital signal in the encoding and decoding circuit is converted into a current pulse to drive the VCSEL laser to emit a laser pulse signal;

The laser receiving unit includes a filter assembly, a Fresnel lens, a photoelectric sensor, and a pre-signal amplifier. The photoelectric sensor converts the laser signal that passes through the filter assembly and is focused by the Fresnel lens into an electrical signal, and passes through the The above-mentioned pre-signal amplifier is amplified and transmitted to the signal codec circuit;

The signal encoding and decoding circuit encodes the information data transmitted by the main control terminal and then transmits it to the driving circuit of the laser emitting unit, and at the same time decodes the electrical signal received from the laser receiving unit into a digital signal;

The main control terminal is used to control each communication module to perform self-adaptive communication, and simultaneously process the data uploaded by each communication module to realize information interaction with each communication module;

Multiple VCSEL lasers arrayed in the laser emitting unit emit laser beams that have been shaped and optimized to cover a certain range of azimuth angles and elevation angles, while the Fresnel lens and photoelectric sensor in the laser receiving unit complete the laser signal in this area The reception enables the communication module to cover a communication area within a certain azimuth angle range and pitch angle range; multiple communication modules arranged in a circumferential array are used to realize full-circle communication within a range of 360° in azimuth.

A method for unmanned aerial vehicle-borne multi-target laser communication, the method is realized by the following steps:

Step S1. Before the communication starts, the laser receiving units in the communication modules of the leader of the drone cluster and the wingman are in the normally open state, the leader of the drone cluster sends a communication command, and the laser emitting units in the communication modules of the leader of the drone Transmit laser signals by polling;

Step S2, after the receiving unit in the communication module of each drone wingman receives the laser signal, the laser emitting unit in the corresponding area communication module transmits the laser signal to the leader of the drone cluster, and the communication module of the leader of the drone cluster receives the laser signal. After receiving the laser signal from the wingman, select the laser emitting unit in the corresponding area communication module to send the laser signal to the wingman to achieve initial alignment;

Step S3, the leader of the UAV cluster and the wingman both send an identification code, decode the signal and perform identification, and start information transmission after the identification is successful;

Step S4, self-adaptive communication, while the leader of the UAV cluster maintains communication with the successfully identified communication modules, the remaining communication modules still scan in turn until all wingmen in the cluster formation are contacted and then stop the scan and close The laser emitting unit in the non-working communication module switches the corresponding communication module according to the position change of each wingman during the communication process to keep the communication smooth and uninterrupted.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

1. The UAV-borne full-circumference multi-target laser communication system of the present invention adopts the configuration of a plurality of communication modules in a circumferential array, which avoids the complexity of the tracking mechanism system and the difficulty in realizing multi-target simultaneous communication in traditional space laser communication. The problem is that it has the ability to communicate with multiple targets within the communication coverage of 360° in azimuth and a certain pitch angle; there are no moving parts, and the whole system is simpler and more reliable, which in turn reduces the size, weight, power consumption and cost of the whole system. It is more suitable for the UAV hoisting environment with limited carrying capacity and high mobility.

2. The UAV-borne full-circle multi-target laser communication method of the present invention adopts a scanning mode in which each communication module polls the full circumferential range, which greatly shortens the time for target capture compared to mechanical scanning. Time, the working mode of self-adaptive communication in the communication process ensures the smooth communication link and reduces the power consumption of the system at the same time, which can realize the safety and confidentiality among multiple drones in the UAV cluster formation in the environment of radio silence or strong electromagnetic interference , Anti-jamming information command transmission interaction.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the functional block diagram of a kind of unmanned aerial vehicle-borne full-circle multi-target laser communication system of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an unmanned aerial vehicle-borne full-circle multi-target laser communication system according to the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a UAV-borne all-round multi-target laser communication method according to the present invention.

Detailed ways

Specific Embodiments 1. This embodiment is described in conjunction with FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. An unmanned aerial vehicle-borne all-round multi-target laser communication system includes a communication module 1, a main control terminal 2, a heat dissipation module 3 and a structural support 4; The 24 communication modules 1 are arrayed in a circumferential direction and connected to the main control terminal 2. Each communication module 1 transmits and receives laser signals in the range of 18° in azimuth and 18° in elevation. There is an overlapping area of 1.5° to ensure coverage of targets within the range of 360° in azimuth and 15° in elevation within the spatial range.

The communication module includes a signal codec circuit 1-1, a laser emitting unit 1-2, and a laser receiving unit 1-3; wherein the laser emitting unit 1-2 includes: a driving circuit 1-2-1, an array substrate 1-2- 2. VCSEL laser (vertical cavity surface emitting laser) 1-2-3 and beam shaping lens 1-2-4; laser receiving unit 1-3 includes: filter assembly 1-3-1, Fresnel lens 1-3 -2. The photodetector 1-3-3, the pre-signal amplifying circuit 1-3-4, and the filter assembly 1-3-1 are composed of an optical cut-off filter and a narrow-band filter.

The signal codec circuit 1-1 is connected to the laser emitting unit 1-2 and the laser receiving unit 1-3 through a cable, and in the laser emitting unit: there are 8 VCSEL lasers 1 embedded with beam shaping lenses 1-2-4 -2-3 is welded on the array substrate 1-2-2, and the drive circuit 1-2-1 is connected with the signal codec circuit 1-1 and the array substrate 1-2-2; in the laser receiving unit 1-3: front The amplifier 1-3-4 is connected with the photoelectric sensor 1-3-3 and the signal codec circuit 1-1, and the filter assembly 1-3-1 and the Fresnel lens 1-3-2 are arranged on the photoelectric sensor 1-3-2. 3-3 front end.

In this embodiment, the information encoding and decoding circuit 1-1 is controlled by the STM32F407ZGT6 chip, controls the laser emission and reception within the 15° range of the corresponding communication module 1, and encodes and decodes it at the same time. The VCSEL laser 1-2-3 adopts the 940nm near-infrared band, and its beam divergence angle is 27°, and the beam divergence angle is 18° after being optimized by optical shaping lens 1-2-4. The array substrate 1-2-2 is a copper substrate, and a plurality of VCSEL lasers 1-2-3 are welded on the array substrate 1-2-2 with a power supply circuit to ensure the emission intensity of the laser signal, and at the same time control the VCSEL laser 1-2-3 for cooling.

The parameter of the narrow-band filter in the filter assembly 1-3-1 is 940nm±5nm. Fresnel lens 1-3-2 is made of acrylic material with a diameter of 40mm, a focal length of 21mm, and a laser transmittance of 98% for a wavelength of 940nm according to the size and lightweight requirements of the system receiving unit. The light in the range of ±7.5° is focused on the photoelectric sensor target surface of 10mmх10mm.

In this embodiment, the preamplifier 1-3-4 is designed as a transimpedance preamplifier (TIA), the minimum current resolution is 10nA, and the bandwidth is 100K. The front end of this module adopts the AD825 chip, and the module power supply voltage: ± 5V; output voltage: 20Vpp(MAX), output current: ±20mA(MAX).

In this embodiment, the main control terminal 2 includes a host computer, a master control circuit board 2-1 and a communication interface board 2-2. The main control circuit board 2-1 is connected with the upper computer and the communication interface board 2-2 through the RS422 interface, and the communication interface board 2-2 is connected with the signal codec circuit 1-1 in each communication module 1 through the USART interface. . The master control circuit board 2-1 is controlled by the STM32F407ZGT6 chip, and controls 24 subordinate communication modules 1 to perform self-adaptive communication.

In this embodiment, the heat dissipation module 3 includes a heat sink 3-1 and a heat dissipation fan 3-2; the heat sink 3-1 is attached to the array substrate 1-2-3 in the laser emitting unit, and the VCSEL laser 1-2 -3 for heat dissipation, and a heat dissipation fan 3-2 is arranged above each heat sink 3-1 to assist the heat sink 3-1 for heat dissipation.

In this embodiment, the structural support 4 is made of magnesium-aluminum alloy to ensure the lightness and miniaturization of the entire system and the stability of the optical system under strong vibration and maneuvering conditions of the airborne platform.

In this embodiment, at least two communication systems are used together, and one of them is designated as the leader communication terminal, and the rest are wingman communication terminals, wherein the leader communication terminal can communicate with multiple wingman terminals not in the same position for formation communication.

Specific embodiment two, illustrate this embodiment in conjunction with Fig. 3, a kind of unmanned aerial vehicle-borne whole-week multi-target laser communication method, the working process is as follows:

S1, scanning, before the communication starts, the laser receiving units in the communication modules of the leader of the UAV cluster and the wingman are in the normal open state, the leader of the UAV cluster sends communication commands, and the laser emitting units in the communication modules of the leader of the drone Transmit laser signals by polling;

S2, alignment, after the receiving unit in the communication module of the UAV wingman receives the laser signal, the laser emitting unit in the corresponding area communication module emits laser light to the leader of the UAV cluster, and the leader of the UAV cluster receives the signal from the wingman After receiving the laser signal, select the laser emitting unit in the corresponding area communication module to emit laser to give feedback to the wingman to achieve initial alignment;

S3, identification, the leader and wingman of the UAV cluster send an identification code, decode the signal and perform identification, and start information transmission after the identification is successful;

S4, self-adaptive communication, while the leader of the UAV cluster maintains communication with the successfully identified communication modules, the rest of the communication modules still scan in turn until they contact all the wingmen in the cluster formation and stop the round-robin scanning, turning off non-working communication The laser emitting unit in the module, and switch the corresponding communication module according to the position change of each wingman during the communication process to keep the communication smooth and uninterrupted.

In this embodiment, S1 specifically includes: the host computer of the communication terminal of the UAV cluster leader issues a communication command, and the laser emitting unit in each module sequentially emits laser signals in a 360° range around the entire circumference. At the same time, the unmanned The receiving units of the captain's communication terminal and the wingman's communication terminal are all on standby, waiting for the feedback signal from each wingman.

In steps S2-S3, the actions of other wingman communication terminals participating in the swarm formation are consistent with those of the wingman communication terminals described in S2-S3 above.

In this embodiment, aiming at the overlap area existing in the S2-S3 process, the communication interference problem caused by multiple receiving units simultaneously receiving the laser signals emitted by the same wingman during the communication process, the communication interface board is based on the information received by each communication module. Select an optimal data to receive and specify this communication module.

Claims (6)

1. An unmanned aerial vehicle-borne full-circle multi-target laser communication system is characterized in that: the communication system includes a main control terminal, a cooling module and a plurality of communication modules arranged in circumferential arrays; Each communication module includes a laser emitting unit, a laser receiving unit and a signal encoding and decoding circuit, and the laser emitting unit and the laser receiving unit are connected to the signal encoding and decoding circuit through a cable; The laser emitting unit includes a driving circuit, a VCSEL laser, an array substrate and a beam shaping lens. A plurality of VCSEL lasers inlaid with a beam shaping lens are welded on the array substrate and powered by a circuit in the array substrate. The driving circuit sends signals to The digital signal in the encoding and decoding circuit is converted into a current pulse to drive the VCSEL laser to emit a laser pulse signal; The laser receiving unit includes a filter assembly, a Fresnel lens, a photoelectric sensor, and a pre-signal amplifier. The photoelectric sensor converts the laser signal that passes through the filter assembly and is focused by the Fresnel lens into an electrical signal, and passes through the The above-mentioned pre-signal amplifier is amplified and transmitted to the signal codec circuit; The signal encoding and decoding circuit encodes the information data transmitted by the main control terminal and then transmits it to the driving circuit of the laser emitting unit, and at the same time decodes the electrical signal received from the laser receiving unit into a digital signal; The main control terminal is used to control each communication module to perform self-adaptive communication, and simultaneously process the data uploaded by each communication module to realize information interaction with each communication module; Multiple VCSEL lasers arrayed in the laser emitting unit emit laser beams that have been shaped and optimized to cover a certain range of azimuth angles and elevation angles, while the Fresnel lens and photoelectric sensor in the laser receiving unit complete the laser signal in this area The reception enables the communication module to cover a communication area within a certain azimuth angle range and pitch angle range; multiple communication modules arranged in a circumferential array are used to realize full-circle communication within a range of 360° in azimuth. 2. The unmanned aerial vehicle-borne full-circle multi-target laser communication system according to claim 1, wherein: the main control terminal includes a host computer, a general control circuit board and a communication interface board, and the general control circuit board is connected to the communication interface board. The upper computer is connected with the communication interface board, and the control command received from the upper computer is converted into a digital signal for delivery, and the information received by the communication module is fed back to the upper computer, and the subordinate communication modules are coordinated to communicate , the communication interface board is connected to the signal codec circuit in each communication module. 3. The unmanned aerial vehicle-borne all-round multi-target laser communication system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprises heat dissipation module, and described heat dissipation module comprises heat dissipation fin and heat dissipation fan, and described heat dissipation fin and each communication module The array substrates are bonded together, and the heat dissipation fans are arranged above the heat sinks to dissipate heat from the VCSEL laser. 4. The UAV-borne all-round multi-target laser communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that: it also includes a structural support, and the structural support provides mechanical structural support for each device. 5. The unmanned aerial vehicle-borne all-round multi-target laser communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the filter assembly is composed of a narrow-band filter and an optical cut-off filter, which filters the incident light and only Through the light of specified wavelength, the Fresnel lens focuses the filtered light within the corresponding azimuth angle and elevation angle range to the target surface of the photoelectric sensor. 6. A UAV-borne full-circle multi-target laser communication method, which is based on the realization of a UAV-borne full-circle multi-target laser communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps of this method are as follows: Step S1. Before the communication starts, the laser receiving units in the communication modules of the leader of the drone cluster and the wingman are in the normally open state, the leader of the drone cluster sends a communication command, and the laser emitting units in the communication modules of the leader of the drone Transmit laser signals by polling; Step S2, after the receiving unit in the communication module of each drone wingman receives the laser signal, the laser emitting unit in the corresponding area communication module transmits the laser signal to the leader of the drone cluster, and the communication module of the leader of the drone cluster receives the laser signal. After receiving the laser signal from the wingman, select the laser emitting unit in the corresponding area communication module to send the laser signal to the wingman to achieve initial alignment; Step S3, the leader of the UAV cluster and the wingman both send an identification code, decode the signal and perform identification, and start information transmission after the identification is successful; Step S4, self-adaptive communication, while the leader of the UAV cluster maintains communication with the successfully identified communication modules, the remaining communication modules still scan in turn until all wingmen in the cluster formation are contacted and then stop the scan and close The laser emitting unit in the non-working communication module switches the corresponding communication module according to the position change of each wingman during the communication process to keep the communication smooth and uninterrupted.

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