CN115386158B - 一种耐候性地膜 - Google Patents
一种耐候性地膜 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115386158B CN115386158B CN202210980776.9A CN202210980776A CN115386158B CN 115386158 B CN115386158 B CN 115386158B CN 202210980776 A CN202210980776 A CN 202210980776A CN 115386158 B CN115386158 B CN 115386158B
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- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 title claims description 33
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract 3
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 pentaerythritol tetra (3-mercaptopropionic acid) ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004605 External Lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004610 Internal Lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004712 Metallocene polyethylene (PE-MC) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- DZNXEEXXLNHHJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(6-methylheptanoyloxy)-2,2-bis(6-methylheptanoyloxymethyl)propyl] 6-methylheptanoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCCCC(C)C)(COC(=O)CCCCC(C)C)COC(=O)CCCCC(C)C DZNXEEXXLNHHJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxymethyl]propyl] 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical group CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AUWPABULCGRBCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-chloropyridine-3-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)C1=CN=CC=C1Cl AUWPABULCGRBCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003354 benzotriazolyl group Chemical group N1N=NC2=C1C=CC=C2* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- JOBBTVPTPXRUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(3-sulfanylpropanoyloxy)-2,2-bis(3-sulfanylpropanoyloxymethyl)propyl] 3-sulfanylpropanoate Chemical group SCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCS)(COC(=O)CCS)COC(=O)CCS JOBBTVPTPXRUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- OLFNXLXEGXRUOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound C=1C(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 OLFNXLXEGXRUOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
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- OGFYIDCVDSATDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Ag] OGFYIDCVDSATDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-FSKGGBMCSA-N (2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2r,3s,4r,5r,6s)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6s)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2r,4r,5s,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H](OC3[C@H](O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-FSKGGBMCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBWXVCMXGYSMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,9-bis[2,4-bis(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)phenoxy]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane Chemical compound C=1C=C(OP2OCC3(CO2)COP(OC=2C(=CC(=CC=2)C(C)(C)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C)(C)C=2C=CC=CC=2)OC3)C(C(C)(C)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 WBWXVCMXGYSMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001312219 Amorphophallus konjac Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001206 Amorphophallus rivieri Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002581 Glucomannan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002752 Konjac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010096 film blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940046240 glucomannan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000252 konjac Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010485 konjac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000326 ultraviolet stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
- A01G13/30—Ground coverings
- A01G13/32—Mats; Nets; Sheets or films
- A01G13/33—Sheets or films
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2323/08—Copolymers of ethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2423/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2423/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2423/06—Polyethene
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/014—Additives containing two or more different additives of the same subgroup in C08K
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08K5/103—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids with polyalcohols
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K5/13—Phenols; Phenolates
- C08K5/134—Phenols containing ester groups
- C08K5/1345—Carboxylic esters of phenolcarboxylic acids
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- C08K5/3472—Five-membered rings
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐候性地膜，包括地膜用高分子基材和耐候剂，其特征在于：以100重量份的地膜用高分子基材计，耐候剂的含量为0.25~1重量份，所述耐候剂主要由以下质量百分比的组分组成：主抗氧化剂：50~70%，所述主抗氧化剂由受阻酚类抗氧化剂和2,4,6‑三乙烯氧基‑1,3,5‑三嗪组成；辅助抗氧化剂：5~15%，所述辅助抗氧化剂为亚磷酸酯抗氧化剂；紫外线吸收剂：10~30%；光稳定剂：2~15%。与现有耐候性地膜相比，本发明的地膜具有更优异的耐候性能，在我国北方实际使用三年后本发明的地膜（厚度0.015mm）回收率能达到95%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于地膜领域，具体涉及一种耐候性地膜。
背景技术
农用地膜一般指农用薄膜，地膜对于播种时期的保湿、保温起非常重要的作用。随着人类对粮食、蔬菜及水果的需求和品质不断提升，为了保证这些产品的产量，对农用地膜的需求越来越高。
使用需求量的增大，导致残留地膜量也相应增大。现有农地膜配方耐老化性能较差，导致回收时残破率高，回收难度大。目前迫切需要从源头上改进农地膜配方，提高其抗老化能力，以利于回收工作。
中国专利 CN105330954B公开了一种农用地膜合成用耐候树脂母料及其制备方法，配方为：45-65份线型低密度聚乙烯粉料，15-25份低密度聚乙烯粉料，4-8份高密度聚乙烯粉料，1-2份抗氧剂，0.5-1份光稳定剂，0.5-1份紫外线吸收剂，4-6份丙烯酸，4-8份氢氧化钠水溶液，0.5-1.5份海泡石粉，0.5-1.5份魔芋葡甘聚糖，0.02-0.04份过硫酸钾，0.04-0.06份氯化铝，0.01-0.03份N, N’亚甲基双丙烯酰胺，0.1-0.3份碳酸氢钠，0.5-1.5份羧甲基纤维素钠，1-2份聚乙烯蜡。该发明具有较好的耐光、耐热性能和出色的抗拉性能。能够多次回收使用，使用寿命长。该发明虽然最终结果显示地膜获得了良好的耐候性，但是制备过程复杂，部分添加剂还需要化学反应，不适合大面积推广。中国专利CN 109937772A公开了一种高光效环保耐候银白银三层复合地膜及其制备方法，它由银灰色外层、白色中间层和银灰色内层薄膜复合成一体，构成高光效环保耐候银白银三层复合地膜；该发明所制备的复合地膜，在原料中使用了三种性能有差异的线性低密度聚乙烯、茂金属线性聚乙烯、光稳定助剂、8225型复合抗氧剂和紫外线吸收剂，使产品具有高光效、高保温、保墙性能强、使用寿命长等特点；农作物收获后旧膜还具有较强的物理机械性能，拉伸强度下降较少，使每茬都需要覆膜变成了一次司覆膜重复使用；非常易回收和分捡，具有较高的再利用价值；在保持地膜增温、保楠、除草和保肥效的基础上，便于回收资源有效化再利用、减少环境污染，但该发明未提及产品老化后的性能检测数据，只是简单的表述了高光效耐候环保型地膜0.016mm以上厚度可使用三到五年，0.16mm厚度可以使用八年以上。中国专利CN114773699A公开了一种提高线性聚乙烯膜料耐候性及拉伸性能的复合助剂，其由以下重量百分比的原料组成：纳米丁苯橡胶成核剂5份-25份，酚类抗氧剂5份-20份，亚磷酸酯抗氧剂5份-30份，抗紫外线稳定剂2份-60份，水合硅酸镁10份-40 份。其实验表明同时添加酚类抗氧剂和亚磷酸酯抗氧剂更有利于增加氧化诱导期，提高聚乙烯膜的抗氧化性能。
发明内容
针对以上问题，本发明提供一种制备工艺简单的耐候性地膜。
本发明实现上述目的所采用的技术方案如下：
一种耐候性地膜，包括地膜用高分子基材和耐候剂，以100重量份的地膜用高分子基材计，耐候剂的含量为0.25~1重量份，所述耐候剂主要由以下质量百分比的组分组成：
主抗氧化剂：50~70%，所述主抗氧化剂由受阻酚类抗氧化剂和2,4,6-三乙烯氧基-1,3,5-三嗪组成；
辅助抗氧化剂：5~15%，所述辅助抗氧化剂为亚磷酸酯抗氧化剂；
紫外线吸收剂：10~30%；
光稳定剂：2~15%。
优选地，所述受阻酚类抗氧化剂和2,4,6-三乙烯氧基-1,3,5-三嗪的质量比为1:1~1:5。
优选地，所述受阻酚类抗氧化剂为抗氧化剂1010，所述亚磷酸酯抗氧化剂选自抗氧化剂168和抗氧化剂686。
优选地，所述亚磷酸酯抗氧化剂由质量比为1:1~1:10的抗氧化剂168和抗氧化剂686组成。
优选地，所述紫外线吸收剂由质量比为10~20:1~8的主紫外线吸收剂和辅助紫外线吸收剂组成。
优选地，所述主紫外线吸收剂选自四(3-巯基丙酸)季戊四醇酯和季戊四醇四巯基乙酸酯。
优选地，所述主紫外线吸收剂由质量比为1:1~5:1的四(3-巯基丙酸)季戊四醇酯和季戊四醇四巯基乙酸酯组成。
优选地，所述辅助紫外线吸收剂选自四异辛酸季戊四醇酯和1-甲基-4-甲酸乙酯-5-吡唑磺酰胺。
优选地，所述辅助紫外线吸收剂由质量比为1:1~1:10的四异辛酸季戊四醇酯和1-甲基-4-甲酸乙酯-5-吡唑磺酰胺组成。
最优选地，所述耐候剂各组分的百分比如下：
主抗氧化剂：60%，由质量比为1:4的受阻酚类抗氧化剂和2,4,6-三乙烯氧基-1,3,5-三嗪组成；
辅助抗氧化剂：10%，由质量比为1:9的抗氧化剂168和抗氧化剂686组成
紫外线吸收剂：20%，由质量比为15:5的主紫外线吸收剂和辅助紫外线吸收剂组成，所述主紫外线吸收剂由质量比为4:1的四(3-巯基丙酸)季戊四醇酯和季戊四醇四巯基乙酸酯组成，所述辅助紫外线吸收剂由质量比为1:1.5的四异辛酸季戊四醇酯和1-甲基-4-甲酸乙酯-5-吡唑磺酰胺组成；
光稳定剂：10%。
优选地，所述地膜用高分子基材主要由以下质量百分比的高分子材料组成：
线性低密度聚乙烯 50~80%、低密度聚乙烯 5~10%、高密度聚乙烯5~15%、茂金属聚乙烯10~40%。
最优选地，所述地膜用高分子基材各组分的百分比如下：
线性低密度聚乙烯 70%、低密度聚乙烯 8%、高密度聚乙烯8%、茂金属聚乙烯14%。在该比例下可获得最佳的机械强度性能。
优选地，所述光稳定剂为苯并三唑类光稳定剂。
优选地，以100重量份的地膜用高分子基材计，所述耐候性地膜含黑色剂4~10重量份、外润滑剂0.1~0.5重量份、内润滑剂0.05~0.2重量份。
耐候性地膜的制备过程包括：先将耐候剂与部分高分子基材混合密炼制成功能母料；再将功能母料与余下的高分子基材混合造粒，吹膜。
密炼温度为160~190℃。
可以在混合密炼时将黑色剂、外润滑剂、内润滑剂等助剂一并加入。
有益效果：
与现有耐候性地膜相比，本发明的地膜具有更优异的耐候性能，在我国北方实际使用三年后本发明的地膜（厚度0.015mm）回收率能达到95%以上。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步详细说明。
本发明实施例地膜所用的原料如下：
线性低密度聚乙烯：7042；
低密度聚乙烯：2426F；
高密度聚乙烯：DGDX-6095；
茂金属聚乙烯：1018MF；
黑色剂：卡博特黑母粒6251；
外润滑剂：霍尼韦尔蜡粉Acumist D-9；
内润滑剂：道康宁TM AMB-12235；
主抗氧化剂：抗氧化剂1010（以下简称ZK-1）、2,4,6-三乙烯氧基-1,3,5-三嗪（甘肃西北师范大学科技园有限责任公司，CAS号：24763-74-4，结构式：
辅助抗氧化剂：抗氧化剂168（亚磷酸三（2,4-二叔丁基苯基）酯，以下简称FK-1）、抗氧化剂686（双（2,4-二枯基苯基）季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯，以下简称FK-2）；
主紫外线吸收剂：四（3-巯基丙酸）季戊四醇酯（以下简称ZZ-1）、季戊四醇四巯基乙酸酯（以下简称ZZ-2）；
辅助紫外线吸收剂：四异辛酸季戊四醇酯（以下简称FZ-1）、1-甲基-4-甲酸乙酯-5-吡唑磺酰胺（以下简称FZ-2）；
光稳定剂：Tinuvin 234（2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4,6-二(1-甲基-1-苯基乙基)苯酚）。
本发明耐候性地膜的原料重量配比如下：
以100份高分子基材计，线性低密度聚乙烯（50~80份）、低密度聚乙烯（5~10份）、高密度聚乙烯（5~15份）及茂金属聚乙烯（10~40份）按照一定比例混合，作为高分子基材。
黑色剂添加量为高分子基材的4%~10%。
外润滑剂添加量为高分子基材的0.1%~0.5%。
内润滑剂添加量为高分子基材的0.05%~0.2%。
由主抗氧化剂、辅助抗氧化剂、主紫外线吸收剂、辅助紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂组成的耐候剂添加量为高分子基材的0.25%~1%。
以100份耐候剂计，主抗氧化剂的用量为50~70份（ZK-1:ZK-2=1:1~1:5）；辅助抗氧化剂的用量为5~15份（FK-1:FK-2=1:1~1:10；主紫外线吸收剂的用量为10~20份（ZZ-1:ZZ-2=1:1~5:1）；辅助紫外线吸收剂的用量为1~8份（FZ-1:FZ-2=1:1~1:10）；光稳定剂用量为2~15份。
本发明耐候性地膜的制备过程如下：先取30%的高分子基材，将所有添加助剂，包括黑色剂、外润滑剂、内润滑剂及耐候剂高速混合后，180摄氏度下密炼10~15分钟后，单螺杆挤出造粒，得到功能母料；将该功能母料与剩余的70%高分子基材混合混匀后利用通用双螺杆造粒机造粒，即得本发明产品颗粒料；将颗粒料在吹膜机上吹膜，膨胀比为2.7~2.9:1，即得到本发明耐候性地膜。
表1 实施例1及对比样品的原料配比（重量份）
上述地膜的性能测试：
地膜厚度0.015mm，测试标准按照DB 62/T 2443-2019执行，该标准的要求高于GB13735-2017。耐候性试验方法按照GB/ T 16422.2-2014的规定，辐照方式采用方法A，辐照度为窄带(340 nm)，0.51 W / (m2• nm)，温度控制采用黑标温度计，暴露循环采用循环序号1，地膜试验持续时间按照DB 62/T 2443-2019执行800 h。具体结果见表2。
表2 实施例1及对比样品的性能对比
表2的对比实验表明：
相比只以酚类抗氧剂为主抗氧化剂，亚磷酸酯抗氧剂为辅助抗氧化剂的对比样1，在主抗氧化剂中添加了2,4,6-三乙烯氧基-1,3,5-三嗪的其它地膜样品的抗老化性能均得到显著地提升。
相比对比样5和对比样6，四（3-巯基丙酸）季戊四醇酯与季戊四醇四巯基乙酸酯合用后可显著提升地膜的抗老化性能，表明两者产生了协同效果。
相比对比样7和对比样8，四异辛酸季戊四醇酯与1-甲基-4-甲酸乙酯-5-吡唑磺酰胺合用后可显著提升地膜的抗老化性能，表明两者产生了协同效果。
实施例2~9
实施例2~9的原料配比如下表3，地膜的具体制备过程与实施例1相同，相应的性能测试结果见表4。
表3 实施例2~9的原料配比（重量份）
表4 实施例2~9的地膜性能指标
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种耐候性地膜，包括地膜用高分子基材和耐候剂，其特征在于：以100重量份的地膜用高分子基材计，耐候剂的含量为0.25~1重量份，所述耐候剂主要由以下质量百分比的组分组成：
主抗氧化剂：50~70%，所述主抗氧化剂由受阻酚类抗氧化剂和2,4,6-三乙烯氧基-1,3,5-三嗪组成；
辅助抗氧化剂：5~15%，所述辅助抗氧化剂为亚磷酸酯抗氧化剂；
紫外线吸收剂：10~30%；
光稳定剂：2~15%；
所述地膜用高分子基材主要由以下质量百分比的高分子材料组成：
线性低密度聚乙烯50~80%、低密度聚乙烯5~10%、高密度聚乙烯5~15%、茂金属聚乙烯10~40%；
所述受阻酚类抗氧化剂和2,4,6-三乙烯氧基-1,3,5-三嗪的质量比为1:1~1:5，所述受阻酚类抗氧化剂为抗氧化剂1010；
所述亚磷酸酯抗氧化剂由质量比为1:1~1:10的抗氧化剂168和抗氧化剂686组成；
所述紫外线吸收剂由质量比为10~20:1~8的主紫外线吸收剂和辅助紫外线吸收剂组成；
所述主紫外线吸收剂由质量比为1:1~5:1的四(3-巯基丙酸)季戊四醇酯和季戊四醇四巯基乙酸酯组成；
所述辅助紫外线吸收剂由质量比为1:1~1:10的四异辛酸季戊四醇酯和1-甲基-4-甲酸乙酯-5-吡唑磺酰胺组成；
所述光稳定剂为苯并三唑类光稳定剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐候性地膜，其特征在于：所述受阻酚类抗氧化剂和2,4,6-三乙烯氧基-1,3,5-三嗪的质量比为1:4。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐候性地膜，其特征在于：所述亚磷酸酯抗氧化剂由质量比为1:9的抗氧化剂168和抗氧化剂686组成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐候性地膜，其特征在于：所述主紫外线吸收剂由质量比为4:1的四(3-巯基丙酸)季戊四醇酯和季戊四醇四巯基乙酸酯组成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的耐候性地膜，其特征在于：所述辅助紫外线吸收剂由质量比为1:1.5的四异辛酸季戊四醇酯和1-甲基-4-甲酸乙酯-5-吡唑磺酰胺组成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的耐候性地膜，其特征在于：以100重量份的地膜用高分子基材计，所述耐候性地膜含黑色剂4~10重量份、外润滑剂0.1~0.5重量份、内润滑剂0.05~0.2重量份。
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| CN113004665A (zh) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-22 | 华侨大学 | 一种抗菌防虫可降解农用地膜及其制备方法 |
| CN114044966A (zh) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-02-15 | 金发科技股份有限公司 | 一种抗雾化聚丙烯组合物及其制备方法和应用 |
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