CN115370996B - Light environment regulation and control system and method for improving hatching rate of groupers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial culture of marine fishes, and particularly relates to a light environment regulation and control system and method for improving the hatching rate of garrupa. The system comprises an upper protective cover, a heat dissipation central control system, a lamp bead luminous assembly and a lower protective cover, wherein the lamp bead luminous assembly is arranged at the bottom of the heat dissipation central control system and is connected with the heat dissipation central control system; the lower protective cover is covered on the outer side of the lamp bead luminous assembly and is connected with the lower end of the heat dissipation central control system; the upper protective cover is covered on the top of the heat dissipation central control system; the light parameters of the lamp bead luminous assembly are regulated and controlled by the heat dissipation central control system, so that the hatching rate of the groupers is improved. According to the light requirements of the groupers at different development stages and the characteristics of the high-salt high-temperature environment of the farms, the light environment of the groupers during the hatching period of fertilized eggs can be regulated and controlled, so that the effects of improving the hatching rate of the fertilized eggs of the groupers and reducing the deformity rate of the initially hatched fries can be achieved, and the breeding production efficiency of the groupers fries can be improved.

Description

A light environment control system and method for improving the hatching rate of Yunlong grouper

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial breeding of marine fish, and in particular relates to a light environment control system and method for improving the hatching rate of Yunlong grouper.

Background Art

Hybrid breeding is an effective breeding method. The hybrid offspring can combine the excellent traits of each parent to obtain a faster growth rate, stronger stress resistance, and is more suitable for artificial breeding. At present, my country's grouper farming is mainly based on hybrid grouper. Yunlong grouper is a new variety that is hybridized with clouded grouper (Epinehelus moara) as the female parent and saddle grouper (Epinehelus lanceolatus) as the male parent. Yunlong grouper inherits the father's strong disease resistance and fast growth rate, and inherits the mother's excellent traits such as delicate meat and wide temperature adaptability. It has been widely recognized by fishermen and has great market prospects. However, the fertilized eggs obtained by hybridization are of poor quality and low hatching rate. The large and stable supply of high-quality hybrid fry is a bottleneck problem currently faced by hybrid fish farming.

The normal development of embryos is an essential and important part of the life cycle of biological individuals. Whether the embryo develops normally or not directly affects a series of life activities such as the subsequent growth, development, maturation, and reproduction of biological individuals. The embryonic development of marine oviparous fish is affected by a variety of environmental factors such as water temperature, salinity, pH value, dissolved oxygen, light, and water environmental pollutants. Among them, light is considered to be an important environmental factor affecting the hatching rate of floating eggs and the development of newly hatched fry. Studies have shown that light has an important influence on embryonic tissue differentiation, development, and physiological state. Light color, light intensity, and photoperiod directly affect the hatching of fertilized eggs and the deformity rate of newly hatched fry.

Marine fish factory-breeding generally uses ordinary fluorescent lamps or LED lamps for lighting, which is very different from the light environment provided by the sun in the natural environment. At present, most of the grouper factory-breeding process focuses on the changes in environmental factors such as water temperature, salinity and pH value. There are very few reports on the impact of light environment on the hatching of fertilized eggs of grouper, especially hybrid grouper, and the deformity rate of newly hatched fry. Relevant light control technology and lighting system are missing.

Therefore, establishing light environment control technology to improve the hatching rate of Yunlong grouper fertilized eggs and reduce the deformity rate of newly hatched fry, and inventing a suitable lighting system are technical and equipment issues that urgently need to be solved in the factory-based seedling breeding of Yunlong grouper and even marine fish.

Summary of the invention

In view of the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a light environment control system and method for improving the hatching rate of Yunlong grouper.

To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

An embodiment of the present invention provides a light environment control system for improving the hatching rate of Yunlong grouper, comprising an upper protective cover, a heat dissipation central control system, a lamp bead light-emitting component and a lower protective cover, wherein the lamp bead light-emitting component is arranged at the bottom of the heat dissipation central control system and is connected to the heat dissipation central control system; the lower protective cover is arranged on the outside of the lamp bead light-emitting component, and the lower protective cover is connected to the lower end of the heat dissipation central control system; the upper protective cover is arranged on the top of the heat dissipation central control system; the emission light parameters of the lamp bead light-emitting component are regulated by the heat dissipation central control system to improve the hatching rate of grouper.

The heat dissipation central control system includes a lamp control module and a heat dissipation fan arranged on the top of the lamp control module. The lamp control module is used to control the light emission of the lamp bead light-emitting component, and the heat dissipation fan is used to dissipate the heat of the lamp control module.

A connecting groove is arranged on the outer circumference of the top of the lamp control module, and a tenon structure for connecting with the connecting groove is arranged on the inner wall of the upper protective cover; and an air hole is arranged at the top center of the upper protective cover.

The air vent is a cylindrical structure, and a detachable end cover is provided on the top; a plurality of water guide grooves are provided on the outer circumference of the air vent, and each water guide groove is opened in a vertical direction.

The upper protective cover is a conical structure, and a wiper strip is provided on the outer surface along the generatrix direction, and the wiper strip is slidably matched with the outer surface of the upper protective cover.

A cylindrical structure is arranged at the center of the heat dissipation fan, and a hanging rope is arranged on the cylindrical structure. The hanging rope is connected with the air vent of the upper protective cover; or the hanging rope passes through the air vent and is connected with an external fixed object.

The lamp bead light-emitting component comprises a lamp bead mounting plate and a plurality of groups of lamp beads distributed in a ring shape and embedded in the lamp bead mounting plate, wherein the plurality of groups of lamp beads are concentrically arranged from the inside to the outside.

A lens is mounted on the top of each of the lamp beads, and the lens increases the radiation light area of the lamp beads, so that the uniformity of the emitted light of the lamp beads irradiating the water surface of the breeding pond is higher than 0.9.

Another embodiment of the present invention provides a light environment control method for improving the hatching rate of Yunlong grouper. The method includes the light environment control system for improving the hatching rate of Yunlong grouper as described above. The method is to set the light environment control system above the water surface of the grouper fertilized egg hatching pool, and control the light parameters of the lamp bead light-emitting component through the lamp control module. The lamp beads in the lamp bead light-emitting component are full-spectrum lamp beads mixed with orange lamp beads, which can realize the full-spectrum lamp beads and orange lamp beads to emit light separately or simultaneously; thereby creating an artificial hatching system light environment suitable for grouper fertilized eggs, and turning on the cooling fan to realize the heat dissipation of the lamp control module.

The lamp bead light-emitting assembly is 0.8-1m away from the water surface of the grouper fertilized egg hatching pool; the emission wavelength range of the orange lamp bead is 550-640nm, and the water surface illumination intensity is 8.03umol/m ² /s. The illumination uniformity is above 0.9. After the newly fertilized grouper fertilized eggs enter the breeding pool, the orange lamp bead is started, and the emission wavelength range of the light is 550-640nm, and the water surface illumination intensity is 8.03umol/m ² /s; 5 hours before the fertilized eggs hatch into the first dog days fry, the full-spectrum lamp bead is turned on to mix the full-spectrum light with the orange light, and the water surface illumination intensity is 10umol/m ² /s; after the first dog days fry break the membrane, the orange lamp bead is turned off, and the illumination intensity of the full-spectrum light is adjusted to 8umol/m ² /s, until the 10th day of the fry, and the illumination is maintained continuously throughout the whole process.

The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention regulates the light environment during the hatching period of fertilized grouper eggs according to the light requirements of Yunlong grouper at different developmental stages; at the same time, through a suitable lamp system, the use time and safety of the lamp in a high-temperature and high-salt environment for seedling cultivation are improved, thereby achieving the effect of improving the hatching rate of fertilized eggs of Yunlong grouper and reducing the deformity rate of newly hatched fry, so as to improve the production efficiency of Yunlong grouper seed breeding, provide high-quality seed for Yunlong grouper farming, and provide technical reference for factory seed breeding of other marine fish.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is an axonometric diagram of a light environment control system for improving the hatching rate of Yunlong grouper according to the present invention;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the upper protective cover of the present invention;

FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of the heat dissipation central control system of the present invention;

FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lamp bead light-emitting component of the present invention;

In the figure: 1-upper protective cover; 2-heat dissipation central control system; 3-lamp bead light-emitting component; 5-ventilation hole; 6-water guide groove; 7-wiping strip; 8-hanging rope; 9-cooling fan; 10-connecting mortise; 11-lamp control module; 12-lower protective cover; 13-lamp bead; 14-lens; 15-lamp bead mounting plate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation cases.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a light environment control system for improving the hatching rate of Yunlong grouper, that is, in the hatching stage of Yunlong grouper fertilized eggs, light parameters such as light color, light cycle and light intensity are adjusted to affect the hatching rate of Yunlong grouper and the deformity rate of newly hatched fry. Referring to FIG1 , the light environment control system for improving the hatching rate of Yunlong grouper includes an upper protective cover 1, a heat dissipation central control system 2, a lamp bead light-emitting component 3 and a lower protective cover 12, wherein the lamp bead light-emitting component 3 is arranged at the bottom of the heat dissipation central control system 2 and is connected to the heat dissipation central control system 2; the lower protective cover 12 is made of transparent material, the lower protective cover 12 is arranged on the outside of the lamp bead light-emitting component 3, and the lower protective cover 12 is connected to the lower end of the heat dissipation central control system 2; the upper protective cover 1 is arranged on the top of the heat dissipation central control system 2; the emission light parameters of the lamp bead light-emitting component 3 are adjusted by the heat dissipation central control system 2 to improve the hatching rate of grouper. The upper protective cover 1 and the lower protective cover 12 wrap the heat dissipation central control system 2 and the lamp bead light-emitting component 3 to prevent water and water vapor.

As shown in Figure 3, in an embodiment of the present invention, the heat dissipation central control system 2 includes a lamp control module 11 and a heat dissipation fan 9 arranged on the top of the lamp control module 11. The lamp control module 11 is used to control the light emission of the lamp bead light-emitting component 3, and the heat dissipation fan 9 is used to dissipate heat from the lamp control module 11.

Furthermore, a connection groove 10 is provided on the outer circumference of the top of the lamp control module 11 , and the upper protective cover 1 is fixed through the connection groove 10 .

As shown in FIG. 2 , in an embodiment of the present invention, a tenon structure for connecting with the connecting mortise 10 is provided on the inner wall of the upper protective cover 1 ; an air hole 5 is provided at the top center of the upper protective cover 1 for heat dissipation and ventilation.

Specifically, the air vent 5 is a cylindrical structure, and a detachable end cover is provided on the top; a plurality of water guide grooves 6 are provided on the outer circumference of the air vent 5, and each water guide groove 6 is opened in the vertical direction.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the upper protective cover 1 is a conical structure, and a wiper strip 7 is provided on the outer surface along the busbar direction. The wiper strip 7 is slidably matched with the outer surface of the upper protective cover 1. The sliding wiper strip 7 is used to clear rainwater on the outer surface of the upper protective cover 1, or to guide and remove condensed water.

Furthermore, a cylindrical structure is arranged at the center of the cooling fan 9, on which a hanging rope 8 is arranged, and the hanging rope 8 is connected to the air vent 5 of the upper protective cover 1 to improve the stability of the upper protective cover 1; or the hanging rope 8 passes through the air vent 5 and is connected to an external fixed object.

As shown in FIG. 4 , in an embodiment of the present invention, the lamp bead light emitting assembly 3 includes a lamp bead mounting plate 15 and a plurality of groups of lamp beads 13 distributed in a ring shape and embedded on the lamp bead mounting plate 15 , and the plurality of groups of lamp beads 13 are concentrically arranged from the inside to the outside.

Furthermore, a lens 14 is mounted above each lamp bead 13, and the lens 14 increases the radiation light area of the lamp bead 13, so that the uniformity of light irradiating the breeding pond is higher than 0.9, that is, the difference in light intensity between the center and the edge of the breeding pond of the hanging lamp is less than 10%.

The light environment control system for improving the hatching rate of Yunlong grouper provided by the present invention controls the light environment during the hatching of grouper fertilized eggs according to the quantitative differences in the hatching rates of grouper fertilized eggs and the deformity rates of newly hatched fry under different light environments; at the same time, the hatching rate of grouper fertilized eggs is improved and the deformity rate of newly hatched fry is reduced through the lamp bead light-emitting components, so as to improve the production efficiency of grouper seed breeding, provide high-quality seed for grouper farming, and provide technical reference for factory seed breeding of other marine fish.

On the basis of the above embodiments, another embodiment of the present invention provides a light environment control method for improving the hatching rate of Yunlong grouper, the method includes a light environment control system for improving the hatching rate of Yunlong grouper as in any of the above embodiments, the method is to set the light environment control system above the water surface of the grouper fertilized egg hatching pool, specifically, the light environment control system is suspended above the center of the grouper fertilized egg hatching pool by a suspension rope 8, and the power cord is connected to the lamp along the suspension rope 8; the lamp bead light-emitting assembly 3 composed of a lens 14 and a lamp bead 13 is the light-emitting body; the light cycle, light color, light intensity and other light parameters of the lamp bead light-emitting assembly 3 are controlled by the lamp control module 11, so as to create an artificial hatching system light environment suitable for grouper fertilized eggs and reduce the birth rate of bad individuals. Turning on the heat dissipation fan 9 to achieve heat dissipation of the lamp control module 11 can solve the high temperature and heat generated by long-term use of the lamp.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the lamp beads 13 in the lamp bead light emitting assembly 3 are full-spectrum lamp beads mixed with orange lamp beads, and the lamp control module 11 can realize that the full-spectrum lamp beads and the orange lamp beads emit light separately or simultaneously. The orange lamp beads emit orange light, and the wavelength range of the emitted light is 550-640nm, and the water surface illumination intensity is 8.03umol/ ^m2 /s. The full-spectrum lamp beads emit full-spectrum light.

Preferably, the lamp bead light-emitting component 3 is 0.8-1m away from the water surface of the grouper fertilized egg hatching pool; the illumination uniformity is between 0.9-0.95, and after the newly fertilized grouper fertilized eggs enter the breeding pool, the lamp is turned on, and only the orange light is started, the emission wavelength range is 550-640nm, and the water surface illumination intensity is 8.03umol/ ^m2 /s; 5 hours before the fertilized eggs hatch the first dog days of fry, the full spectrum light is turned on, that is, the full spectrum light is mixed with orange light, and the water surface illumination intensity is 10umol/ ^m2 /s; after the first dog days of fry break the membrane, the orange spectrum is turned off, and only the full spectrum light is left, and the illumination intensity is adjusted to 8umol/ ^m2 /s, until the 10th day of the fry, and continuous illumination is maintained throughout the whole process. This embodiment maintains continuous illumination during the incubation and embryonic development stages of Yunlong grouper fertilized eggs, and creates an artificial breeding system light environment that is more suitable for the incubation of Yunlong grouper fertilized eggs by setting the lighting parameters, thereby reducing the birth rate of bad individuals.

The incubation process of the fertilized eggs of Yunlong grouper is carried out in a fiberglass barrel with a diameter of 1.75m, a height of 1.2m and a water depth of 1m. The incubation temperature is 25℃, the salinity is 35, the pH is 7.6, and the dissolved oxygen content is 6mg/L. An orange LED lamp is suspended above the incubation water with a wavelength range of 550-640nm and a peak of 593nm. The light intensity on the water surface is 8.03mol/m2/s, and the light cycle is 24L:0D.

Embodiment 1

A series of preparatory work before hatching, such as disinfection of the hatching bucket, is prepared according to the existing process flow, and the light environment of hatching is regulated as follows. The experiment was conducted in a certain aquatic seedling company in Weihai City. The diameter of the plastic hatching bucket is 1.75m, the height is 1.2m, and the water depth is 1m. A nine-hole buoyancy board is added to the hatching bucket. A plastic bowl with fine holes at the bottom is placed in each hole. The diameter of the fine holes is smaller than the fertilized eggs of Yunlong grouper, which can maintain the exchange of seawater without letting the fertilized eggs escape. The water temperature is maintained at about 25℃, the pH value is 7.8, the salinity is 35, and the dissolved oxygen content is maintained above 6mg/L. Six fiberglass buckets treated with the same conditions are prepared and numbered 1-6. LED lights with different spectra are set at 0.8m from the water surface. The first four barrels are set to orange (range: 550-640nm, peak value is 593nm), green (range: 465-615nm, peak value is 523nm), red (range: 575-665nm, peak value is 627nm), and blue (range: 400-495nm, peak value is 437nm). The fifth barrel is set to a full-spectrum LED lamp (range: 420-800nm). The sixth barrel adopts a full-spectrum mixed orange spectrum mode according to the light conditions of the present invention. Before the fertilized eggs are hatched, they are first irradiated with orange light for 27 hours, and then irradiated with orange light mixed with full spectrum for 5 hours; the full spectrum is used for 10 days after the fertilized eggs are hatched. Grids and lenses are added to the lamps of all LED lamps to improve the uniformity of the light when the LED light is irradiated on the water surface, so that the average light intensity of the fertilized eggs on the water surface reaches 8.03-10μmol/ ^m2 /s. 800 fertilized eggs of Yunlong grouper in the multicellular stage were placed in each bowl. The light cycle was 24L:0D during the entire embryonic development stage. Dead eggs at the bottom of the bowl were sucked out with a straw every 3 hours. After 32h incubation + 10 days of cultivation, the hatching rate (58%) of fertilized eggs of No. 6 Yunlong grouper was significantly higher than that of other light color treatment groups (6-34%), and the deformity rate was (40%), the lowest among other treatment groups (60-90%).

The present invention is suitable for artificial breeding of marine fish, mainly for regulating parameters such as light color, light intensity, and light cycle in the breeding environment, constructing a special lighting system, and creating an artificial light environment suitable for hatching fertilized eggs of groupers such as Yunlong. According to the large quantitative differences in the hatching rate of fertilized eggs of Yunlong groupers and the deformity rate of newly hatched fry under different light environments, the present invention improves the survival rate of artificial breeding of Yunlong groupers and reduces the birth rate of bad individuals by adjusting parameters such as LED spectrum and light intensity, which can increase the hatching rate by more than 15%, reduce the deformity rate by 20%, improve the production efficiency and economic benefits of artificial breeding of Yunlong groupers, and provide a reference for optimizing the light environment for breeding of grouper fry. Salt spray and water vapor can be effectively removed from the breeding environment, and the uniformity of light on the water surface can be improved.

The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, expansion, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A light environment control system for improving the hatching rate of Yunlong grouper, characterized in that it comprises an upper protective cover (1), a heat dissipation central control system (2), a lamp bead light-emitting component (3) and a lower protective cover (12), wherein the lamp bead light-emitting component (3) is arranged at the bottom of the heat dissipation central control system (2) and is connected to the heat dissipation central control system (2); the lower protective cover (12) is arranged on the outer side of the lamp bead light-emitting component (3), and the lower protective cover (12) is connected to the lower end of the heat dissipation central control system (2); the upper protective cover (1) is arranged on the top of the heat dissipation central control system (2); the emission light parameters of the lamp bead light-emitting component (3) are regulated by the heat dissipation central control system (2) to improve the hatching rate of grouper; The heat dissipation central control system (2) comprises a lamp control module (11) and a heat dissipation fan (9) arranged on the top of the lamp control module (11); the lamp control module (11) is used to control the light emission of the lamp bead light emitting assembly (3); and the heat dissipation fan (9) is used to dissipate heat from the lamp control module (11); The top outer circumference of the lamp control module (11) is provided with a connecting groove (10), and the inner wall of the upper protective cover (1) is provided with a tenon structure for connecting with the connecting groove (10); the top center of the upper protective cover (1) is provided with an air hole (5); The air vent (5) is a cylindrical structure, and a detachable end cover is provided on the top; a plurality of water guide grooves (6) are provided on the outer circumference of the air vent (5), and each water guide groove (6) is opened in a vertical direction. 2. The light environment control system for improving the hatching rate of Yunlong grouper according to claim 1 is characterized in that the upper protective cover (1) is a conical structure, and a wiper strip (7) is provided on the outer surface along the generatrix direction, and the wiper strip (7) is slidably matched with the outer surface of the upper protective cover (1). 3. The light environment control system for improving the hatching rate of Yunlong grouper according to claim 1 is characterized in that a cylindrical structure is arranged at the center of the cooling fan (9), a hanging rope (8) is arranged on the cylindrical structure, and the hanging rope (8) is connected to the air vent (5) of the upper protective cover (1); or the hanging rope (8) passes through the air vent (5) and is connected to an external fixed object. 4. The light environment control system for improving the hatching rate of Yunlong grouper according to claim 1 is characterized in that the lamp bead light-emitting assembly (3) includes a lamp bead mounting plate (15) and multiple groups of lamp beads (13) distributed in an annular shape and embedded on the lamp bead mounting plate (15), and the multiple groups of lamp beads (13) are concentrically arranged from the inside to the outside. 5. The light environment control system for improving the hatching rate of Yunlong grouper according to claim 4 is characterized in that a lens (14) is installed above each of the lamp beads (13), and the lens (14) increases the radiation light area of the lamp beads (13), so that the uniformity of the emitted light of the lamp beads (13) irradiating the water surface of the breeding pond is higher than 0.9. 6. A light environment control method for improving the hatching rate of Yunlong grouper, characterized in that it comprises a light environment control system for improving the hatching rate of Yunlong grouper as described in any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the light environment control system is arranged above the water surface of the grouper fertilized egg hatching pool, and the light parameters of the lamp bead light emitting assembly (3) are controlled by a lamp control module (11), wherein the lamp beads (13) in the lamp bead light emitting assembly (3) are full-spectrum lamp beads mixed with orange lamp beads, and the full-spectrum lamp beads and the orange lamp beads can emit light separately or simultaneously; thereby creating an artificial hatching system light environment suitable for grouper fertilized eggs, and turning on the heat dissipation fan (9) to achieve heat dissipation of the lamp control module (11). 7. The method for controlling the light environment for improving the hatching rate of Yunlong grouper according to claim 6, characterized in that the lamp bead light emitting assembly (3) is 0.8-1 m away from the water surface of the grouper fertilized egg hatching pool; the emission wavelength range of the orange lamp bead is 550-640 nm, and the light intensity on the water surface is 8.03 umol/ ^m2 /s. The uniformity of illumination is above 0.9. After the newly fertilized grouper eggs enter the breeding pond, the orange lamp beads are turned on, the emission wavelength range of light is 550-640nm, and the light intensity of the water surface is 8.03umol/ ^m2 /s; 5 hours before the fertilized eggs hatch into the first dog days fry, the full-spectrum lamp beads are turned on to mix the full-spectrum light with the orange light, and the light intensity of the water surface is 10umol/ ^m2 /s; after the first dog days fry break the membrane, the orange lamp beads are turned off, and the light intensity of the full-spectrum light is adjusted to 8umol/ ^m2 /s until the 10th day of the fry, and continuous illumination is maintained throughout the process.