CN115365527A - Cutter suitable for lathe and method for machining end face of shaft part - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a tool suitable for lathes and a method for processing the end face of shaft parts, which relates to the field of processing tools, including a tool holder fixed on the turret of the lathe, and the tool holder is provided with a tool for processing shaft parts. The cutting assembly for end surface processing, the tool holder is facing the end surface of the shaft workpiece, the cutting assembly includes a cutter head, a cutting part connected with the cutter head, and the cutting part includes several cutting knives, when the shaft processing part During one revolution, several cutting knives complete cutting on the entire end face of the shaft workpiece. In this application, by setting the tool holder at the position directly facing the machined end face of the shaft machined part and extending the axial feed of the shaft machined part, several cutting knives are used to completely cut the entire end face of the shaft machined part, omitting the The process of radial infeed improves the processing efficiency of shaft workpieces with large end surface radius and small axial cutting amount.

Description

A tool suitable for lathes and a method for machining the end faces of shaft parts

technical field

The invention relates to the field of machining tools, in particular to a tool suitable for lathes and a method for machining the end faces of shaft parts.

Background technique

The end face of the part is the benchmark for the axial positioning and measurement of the part. The lathe is mainly used to process rotating parts such as shafts and disks. The purpose of the process of processing the end face of the part with the lathe is to make the workpiece reach the specified size. When machining the end face of shaft parts with a lathe, the shaft is generally fixed on the chuck of the lathe first, and the turning tool is fed radially to process the end face of the shaft.

The feed amount of the turning tool increases with the increase of the radius of the end face of the shaft part. When the radius of the shaft workpiece is large and the axial cutting amount of the shaft workpiece is small, the feed amount of the turning tool is large, so that The processing efficiency is low.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problem of low work efficiency when the axial cutting amount is small for shaft parts with large radius, the application provides a tool suitable for lathes and a method for machining the end surface of shaft parts.

On the one hand, a tool suitable for lathes provided by the application adopts the following technical scheme:

A cutting tool suitable for a lathe, comprising a tool holder fixedly arranged on a lathe turret, the tool holder is provided with a cutting assembly for machining the end surface of a shaft-type workpiece, and the tool holder is directly facing the end surface of the shaft-type workpiece , the cutting assembly includes a cutterhead and a cutting part connected with the cutterhead, and the cutting part includes several cutting knives. Make a complete cut.

By adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, during the process of the turret gradually moving towards the direction of the shaft workpiece, the turning tool feeds from the axial direction of the shaft workpiece, and several cutting knives perform turning processing on the end surface of the shaft workpiece. When the radius of the end surface of the shaft workpiece is large, and the axial cutting amount is small, the turret only needs to move a small amount along the axial direction of the shaft workpiece, which improves the machining efficiency of the tool on the shaft workpiece with a large end radius. Processing efficiency.

Optionally, the line connecting the end of the blade of the cutting knife away from the center of rotation of the cutterhead and the center of rotation of the cutterhead is the radial line of the cutting knife, and the gap between the radial line and the blade of the cutting knife The angle is between 15°-30°.

By adopting the above technical solution, the projection length of the cutting blade on the radial line of the cutting blade can be reduced, and the length of the cutting blade can be extended, which has the beneficial effect of reducing the cutting force of the cutting blade.

Optionally, a line connecting the lengthwise centers of the blades of several cutting knives and the rotation center of the cutterhead is on the same straight line.

By adopting the above technical scheme, the center of the cutting blade and the center of rotation of the cutter head are located on the same straight line, and several cutting knives process the end face of the shaft workpiece at the same time, sharing the cutting of the end face of the shaft workpiece by the cutting knives. cutting stress at the time.

Optionally, the lines connecting the lengthwise centers of the blades of the several cutting knives and the rotation center of the cutter head are located on different straight lines.

By adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, since the lines connecting the center of several cutting blades and the center of rotation of the cutter head are all located on different straight lines, when the shaft workpiece rotates relative to the cutter head, the cutting blades successively press against the end faces of the shaft parts. Processing, so that the cutting tool can be extended to the maximum, and it is not easy to interfere with each other.

Optionally, the center of the blade length direction of at least two cutting knives close to the center of the cutter head and the center of rotation of the cutter head are all located on the same straight line, and the centers of the blade length direction of the remaining cutting knives The lines connecting with the center of rotation of the cutter head are all located on different straight lines and different from the straight line where the center of the length direction of the blade of the cutting knife near the center of the cutter head is connected to the center of rotation of the cutter head.

By adopting the above technical scheme, the line connecting the cutting edge center of the cutting knife near the shaft center of the shaft workpiece and the rotation center of the cutter head is on the same straight line, so that when several cutting knives process the end face of the shaft workpiece, the shaft The center of the workpiece is smoother and less prone to bumps or pits.

Optionally, the cutter head is provided with several cutting grooves adapted to the cutting knives, and the cutting knives are connected to the side walls of the cutter head on which the cutting grooves are formed.

By adopting the above technical scheme, the iron filings generated during the machining of the end surface of the shaft workpiece by the tool fall along the cutting groove, and under the combined action of the gravity of the iron filings itself and the guidance of the cutting groove, the iron filings fall, while Not prone to splashing.

Optionally, one of the cutting blades has at least two processing parts, one of which is located on one side of the axis of the shaft-like workpiece, and one of the processing parts is located on the other side of the axis of the shaft-like workpiece.

By adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, one of the cutting knives covers the axis of the shaft-type workpiece, and when the shaft-type workpiece rotates relative to the cutterhead, the cutting knife covers and cuts the axis of the shaft-type workpiece, so that the shaft The end face of the workpiece is processed more flat.

Optionally, an air blowing pipe is pierced in the cutter head, one end of the air blowing pipe communicates with an external air pump, and the other end of the air blowing pipe communicates with several branch pipes, and several branch pipes respectively extend to the The cutter head is provided with the outer side wall of the cutting groove.

By adopting the above technical scheme, when the staff controls the external air pump to open, the branch pipe penetrates the cutter head and blows air to the cutting tool, so that the iron filings generated during the machining of the end surface of the shaft workpiece by the tool will not easily stick to it. At the cutting tool, the machining accuracy of the end face of the shaft workpiece is improved.

On the other hand, the application provides a method for machining the end face of a shaft part, which is applicable to the tool.

Optionally, include the following steps:

S1. Install the shaft processing parts on the jaws of the lathe;

S2. Install the tool on the turret of the lathe, and make the tool face the end face of the shaft workpiece;

S3. Install several cutting knives on the cutter head, so that when the shaft workpiece rotates for one revolution, several cutting knives can completely turn the entire end face of the shaft workpiece, and the cutting edge of the cutting knife is in line with the diameter of the cutting knife. The included angle between the lines is 15°-30°, and the lines connecting the center of the blade length direction of several cutting knives and the rotation center of the cutter head are respectively located on different straight lines;

S4. The lathe jaws start to rotate with the shaft workpiece, and the lathe bed gradually moves towards the direction of the cutter head, so that several cutting knives perform turning processing on the end of the shaft workpiece.

By adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, the tool is facing the end of the shaft-type workpiece to process the shaft-type workpiece, and several cutting knives can share the stress generated during cutting with each other, and because the distance between the cutting edge and the radial line of the cutting knives The angle between them can not only reduce the projection length of the blade of the cutting blade on the radial line of the cutting blade, but also extend the length of the cutting blade, so as to maximize the number of cutting blades distributed on the cutter head, thereby reducing the cutting The effect of knife cutting resistance.

In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial effects:

1. The tool is facing the end of the shaft workpiece to process the shaft workpiece. Several cutting knives can share the stress generated during cutting, and because of the angle between the cutting edge and the radial line of the cutting knife, It can not only reduce the projected length of the cutting edge of the cutting knife on the radial line of the cutting knife, but also extend the length of the cutting knife to maximize the number of cutting knives distributed on the cutter head, thereby reducing the cutting resistance of the cutting knife Effect.

2. One of the cutting knives covers the shaft center of the shaft processing part. When the shaft processing part rotates relative to the cutter head, the cutting knife covers and cuts the shaft center of the shaft processing part, so that the shaft processing part The end face is processed more flat.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tool suitable for a lathe in Embodiment 1 of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a front view of the cutter head in Embodiment 1 of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the air blowing tube in Embodiment 1 of the present application.

Fig. 4 is a front view of the cutter head in the second embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 5 is a front view of the cutter head in the third embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 6 is a front view of the cutter head in Embodiment 4 of the present application.

Fig. 7 is a front view of the cutter head in Embodiment 5 of the present application.

Explanation of reference numerals: 1. knife holder; 2. cutting assembly; 3. cutter head; 4. cutting part; 5. cutting knife; 6. diameter line; 7. center of rotation; 8. cutting groove; 10. Blowing pipe; 11. Branch pipe; 12. Blade.

Detailed ways

The present application will be described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawings 1-7.

Embodiment one

The embodiment of the present application discloses a tool suitable for a lathe. Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a cutting tool suitable for a lathe includes a tool holder 1 fixedly arranged on a turret, and a cutting assembly 2 for machining the end of a shaft part is arranged on the tool holder 1. The tool holder 1 is facing the end face of the shaft workpiece. The cutting assembly 2 includes a cutter head 3 with a circular cross section and a cutting part 4 arranged on the cutter head 3. The cutting part 4 includes several cutting knives 5. When the workpiece is cut, the cutting track of each cutting knife 5 at the end of the shaft workpiece forms a ring shape, and different cutting knives 5 form different ring shapes, and different ring shapes form a whole cutting surface. When the workpiece rotates one revolution relative to the cutting assembly 2, several cutting knives 5 can completely cut the entire end face of the shaft workpiece, and the cutting edge 12 of the cutting knife 5 is far away from the end of the rotation center 7 of the cutter head 3 and the cutter head 3 The connecting line of rotation center 7 is the radial line 6 of this cutting knife 5, and in the present embodiment, cutting knife 5 is two, and the blade 12 of two cutting knives 5 all coincides with its own radial line 6, makes two cutting knives 5 The center of the blade 12 length direction and the line connecting the cutter head rotation center 7 are located on the same straight line.

With reference to Fig. 1, cutter head 3 is also provided with two cutting grooves 8, and cutting knife 5 is detachably connected to the sidewall of cutting groove 8 on cutter head 3, and different cutting blades 5 are positioned at different cutting grooves 8 places respectively, and cutting groove The inside of 8 is arc-shaped, so that the debris generated when the shaft workpiece rotates relative to the cutting assembly 2 falls through the cutting groove 8 .

With reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, also be provided with blowing pipe 10 in cutterhead 3, one end of blowing pipe 10 passes through cutterhead 3 and knife rest 1 and communicates with the air pump of outside, the other end of blowing pipe 10 communicates with two The branch pipes 11 , the ends of the two branch pipes 11 away from the air blowing pipe 10 respectively extend to the side wall of the cutter head 3 where the cutting groove 8 is set and blow air toward different cutting knives 5 .

The implementation principle of this embodiment is: the staff first clamps the shaft workpiece on the jaws of the lathe, and then installs the cutting assembly 2 on the turret on the lathe, and the turret is along the axial direction of the shaft workpiece. Move, the jaws of the lathe drive the shaft workpiece to start to rotate, when the turret drives the cutting assembly 2 to move in the direction close to the shaft workpiece, the two cutting knives 5 completely cut the end face of the shaft workpiece, and process The debris produced in the process falls down under the guidance of the cutting groove 8, and when the air pump is in the open state, the air flow enters the two branch pipes 11 through the air blowing pipe 10, and the two branch pipes 11 are opposite to the two cutting knives 5 respectively. Blowing air at the cutting tool 5 makes it difficult for the cutting tool 5 to stick to debris. The feed is used to process the parts, so the step of radial feed is omitted. When the end face of the shaft workpiece has a large radius and a small amount of axial processing, it has higher cutting efficiency.

Embodiment two

The embodiment of the present application discloses a tool suitable for a lathe. With reference to Fig. 4, a kind of cutting tool that is applicable to lathe is the same as the main structure and function in the embodiment one of the present application, and its difference is: the angle between the cutting edge 12 of cutting knife 5 and the radial line 6 of this cutting knife 5 Between 15 °-30 °, in the present embodiment, the cutting knife 5 can be two or more than two, and the center of the blade 12 length direction of each cutting knife 5 and the connection line of the cutter head rotation center 7 are uniform. lie on the same straight line.

The implementation principle of this embodiment is different from that of Embodiment 1 in that: when the cutting knife 5 processes the end face of the shaft workpiece, the projected length of the cutting knife 5 can be reduced based on the radial line 6 of the cutting knife 5 , and the length of the cutting edge 12 of the cutting knife 5 can be extended to reduce the shear stress on the cutting knife 5 .

Embodiment three

The embodiment of the present application discloses a tool suitable for a lathe. With reference to Fig. 5, a kind of cutting tool that is applicable to lathe is the same as the main structure and function in the embodiment one of the present application, and its difference is: the angle between the cutting edge 12 of cutting knife 5 and the radial line 6 of this cutting knife 5 Between 15 °-30 °, in the present embodiment, the cutting knife 5 can be two or more than two, and the center of the length direction of the blade 12 of each cutting knife 5 and the line connecting the center of rotation 7 of the cutter head 3 are located on different straight lines.

The implementation principle of this embodiment differs from that of Embodiment 1 in that: by displacing the cutting knives 5 with each other, the distribution quantity of the cutting knives 5 on the cutter head 3 can be maximized, and the impact on the cutting knives 5 can be reduced. of shear stress.

Embodiment four

The embodiment of the present application discloses a tool suitable for a lathe. Referring to Fig. 6, a cutting tool suitable for a lathe has the same main structure and function as the one in the embodiment of the present application, the difference being that there may be three or more cutting knives 5 in the embodiment of the present application, and at least there are The center of the length direction of the blade 12 of the two cutting knives 5 near the center of the cutter head 3 is located on the same straight line with the center of rotation 7 of the cutter head 3, while the center of the length direction of the blade of the other cutting knives 5 rotates with the cutter head 3 The connecting lines of the center 7 are all located on different straight lines, and different from the straight lines connecting the center of the cutting blade 5 in the length direction of the cutting knife near the center of the cutter head 3 and the center of rotation 7 of the cutter head 3 .

The implementation principle of this embodiment is different from that of Embodiment 1 in that: the cutting knives 5 close to the center of the disk are subject to a relatively large shear stress, so the setting of this method reduces the stress of each cutting knives 5 close to the center of the disk. length, so that the sum of the cutting knives 5 close to the center of the disk can meet the length of cutting the center of the shaft workpiece, so that the cutting knives 5 can share the shear stress with each other.

Embodiment five

The embodiment of the present application discloses a tool suitable for a lathe. Referring to Fig. 7, a tool suitable for a lathe has the same main structure and function as the one in the embodiment of the present application, the difference is that in the embodiment of the application, there can be two or more than two cutting knives 5, The cutting tool 5 near the center of the cutter head 3 has at least two processing parts 9, one of which is located on one side of the shaft center of the shaft workpiece, and at least one of the processing parts 9 is located on the side of the shaft center of the shaft workpiece. The other side.

The difference between the principle of this embodiment and the first embodiment is that since the processing part 9 covers the shaft center of the shaft processing part, when the shaft processing part rotates, the shaft center of the shaft processing part will be processed. It is a cutting knife 5 covering the cutting, so that the cutting knife 5 can process the end surface of the shaft workpiece more smoothly.

The present application also provides a method for machining the end face of shaft parts, which is suitable for the tool in Embodiment 4, including the following steps:

S1. Install the shaft processing parts on the jaws of the lathe;

S2. Install the tool on the turret of the lathe, and make the tool face the end face of the shaft workpiece;

S3. Install several cutting knives on the cutter head, so that when the shaft workpiece rotates for one revolution, several cutting knives can completely turn the entire end face of the shaft workpiece, and the cutting edge of the cutting knife is in line with the diameter of the cutting knife. The included angle between the lines is 15°-30°, and the lines connecting the center of the blade length direction of several cutting knives and the center of rotation 7 of the cutter head are respectively located on different straight lines;

S4. The lathe jaws start to rotate with the shaft workpiece, and the lathe bed gradually moves towards the direction of the cutter head, so that several cutting knives perform turning processing on the end of the shaft workpiece.

All of the above are preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the application should be covered by the protection scope of the application. Inside.

Claims (9)

1. A tool suitable for a lathe, comprising a tool holder (1) fixedly arranged on a turret of the lathe, said tool holder (1) being provided with a cutting assembly (2) for machining an end face of a shaft-like workpiece, characterized in that: the cutting assembly (2) comprises a cutter head (3) and a cutting part (4) connected with the cutter head (3), the cutting part (4) comprises a plurality of cutting knives (5), and when the shaft type machined part rotates for one week, the cutting knives (5) perform complete cutting on the whole end surface of the shaft type machined part.

2. A tool adapted for use in a lathe as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the connecting line of one end, far away from the rotation center (7) of the cutter head (3), of the cutting edge (12) of the cutting knife (5) and the rotation center (7) of the cutter head (3) is a radial line (6) of the cutting knife (5), and an included angle between the radial line (6) and the cutting edge (12) of the cutting knife (5) is 15-30 degrees.

3. A tool adapted for use in a lathe according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the connecting lines of the length direction centers of the cutting edges (12) of the cutting knives (5) and the rotation center (7) of the cutter head (3) are all positioned on the same straight line.

4. A tool adapted for use in a lathe according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the connecting lines of the length direction centers of the cutting edges (12) of the cutting knives (5) and the rotation center (7) of the cutter head (3) are all positioned on different straight lines.

5. A tool adapted for use in a lathe according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: at least two are close to cutting edge (12) length direction's of cutting sword (5) at blade disc (3) center with the line of blade disc (3) center of rotation (7) all is located same straight line, all the other cutting edge (12) length direction's of sword (5) center with the line of blade disc (3) center of rotation (7) all is located different straight lines and is different from being close to cutting edge (12) length direction's of cutting sword (5) at blade disc (3) center with the straight line at the line place of blade disc (3) center of rotation (7).

6. A tool adapted for use in a lathe as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cutter head (3) is provided with a plurality of cutting grooves (8) matched with the cutting knives (5), and the cutting knives (5) are connected with the side wall of the cutter head (3) provided with the cutting grooves (8).

7. A tool adapted for use in a lathe according to claim 1, wherein: one of the cutting knives (5) has at least two processing parts (9), one of the processing parts (9) is positioned at one side of the axle center of the axle-type processing piece, and the other processing part (9) is positioned at the other side of the axle center of the axle-type processing piece.

8. The tool for a lathe of claim 4, wherein: wear to be equipped with gas blow pipe (10) in blade disc (3), gas blow pipe (10) one end and external air pump intercommunication, the other end intercommunication of gas blow pipe (10) has a plurality of bleeder pipe (11), a plurality of bleeder pipe (11) extend to respectively the lateral wall outside of cutting groove (8) is seted up in blade disc (3).

9. A method of machining the end face of a shaft element for use in a tool for a lathe according to claim 4, comprising the steps of:

s1, mounting a shaft workpiece on a clamping jaw of a lathe;

s2, mounting the cutter on a turret of a lathe, and enabling the cutter to be right opposite to the end face of the shaft type machined part;

s3, installing a plurality of cutting knives (5) on a cutter head (3), enabling the plurality of cutting knives (5) to completely turn the whole end surface of the shaft workpiece when the shaft workpiece rotates for one circle, enabling included angles between cutting edges (12) of the cutting knives (5) and radial lines (6) of the cutting knives (5) to be 15-30 degrees, and enabling connecting lines of the centers of the cutting edges (12) of the plurality of cutting knives (5) in the length direction and the rotating center (7) of the cutter head (3) to be respectively located on different straight lines;

and S4, the lathe clamping jaw drives the shaft type machined part to start rotating, and the lathe base gradually moves towards the direction close to the tool bit, so that the end part of the shaft type machined part is turned by the plurality of cutting tools (5).

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