CN115356271A - Device and method for detecting ice and snow on metal surface based on polarization detection - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and method for detecting ice and snow on the surface of metal objects based on polarization detection, which belongs to the field of polarization detection. The image display system uses circularly polarized light to detect metal objects, and uses light isolation and non-isolation methods to detect ice and snow. It is a useful supplement to traditional polarization transmission detection, and uses the memory function of circularly polarized light to improve image contrast. , so that the ice and snow medium information on the metal surface is displayed on the display screen after the polarization detection image information is processed, and the polarization information reflects the image information of the ice and snow medium, and the metal surface ice and snow detection device based on polarization detection proposed by the present invention is used The method and method can effectively detect ice and snow on the surface of metal objects, and provide reliable technical support for polarization transmission and detection.

Description

Device and method for detecting ice and snow on metal surface based on polarization detection

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of polarization detection, and in particular relates to a device and method for detecting ice and snow on the surface of metal objects based on polarization detection.

Background technique

In bad weather, the plane cannot take off normally, and the presence of ice and snow on the fuselage will affect the driving of the plane. The presence of ice and snow on the runway where the plane takes off will also bring safety hazards to takeoff. Airport staff are required to deal with the ice and snow on the plane and the runway, but at present, the airport aviation department mainly relies on the use of deicing fluid for deicing, which not only wastes human labor resources, but also may miss the ice and snow area on the surface of the plane , so under less than ideal observation conditions, the safety hazards caused by the accumulated ice cannot be underestimated. Therefore, the need to study polarized ice and snow detection in the presence of ice and snow has become extremely urgent.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that there is ice and snow medium on the surface of the aircraft and it is difficult to be found, and provides a metal surface ice and snow detection device based on polarization detection, which can effectively detect the ice and snow medium on the surface of the aircraft, thereby The deicing of the aircraft surface provides reliable technical support, and another object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting ice and snow on the surface of metal objects based on polarization detection.

The technical scheme that the present invention adopts for realizing the above object is:

The device for detecting ice and snow on the surface of metal objects based on polarization detection includes a device casing and a device lifting platform, the device casing has an outgoing optical window and an incident optical window, and the device lifting platform is assembled under the device casing, and it is characterized in that it also includes a laser The emission system, the polarization detection image receiving system, the rotation control system, the polarization image processing system and the polarization image display system, wherein the laser emission system, the polarization detection image reception system, the rotation control system and the polarization image processing system are arranged inside the device housing, and the polarization image The display system is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the device housing; the laser emitting system includes a laser, a rotating polarizer and a beam expander arranged in sequence along the propagation direction of the light, and the laser emitting system is configured to project the metal object according to the The preset frequency alternately emits vertical linearly polarized light and circularly polarized light, and the surface of the metal object has an ice and snow region; the polarization detection image receiving system is located on the reflected light optical path of the metal object, and the polarization detection image receiving system includes A rotating analyzer, an imaging lens and a polarization camera are arranged sequentially in the reflected light path of the object. The reflected light reflected by the metal object is imaged on the polarization camera after passing through the rotating analyzer and the imaging lens. The polarization camera is used to capture the polarization of the target. The detection image, wherein the rotating polarizer is configured to rotate according to a preset frequency, so that the metal area of the metal object in the target polarization detection image is in a blinking state, and the ice and snow area is in a constant bright state; the rotation control system is respectively connected with the rotating polarization The device is connected to the rotating polarizing device, and is used to control the rotating polarizing device and the rotating analyzing device to rotate synchronously according to the preset frequency; the input side of the polarization image processing system is connected to the polarization camera, and the output side is connected to the polarization image display system, and the polarization The image processing system is used to receive the target polarization detection image captured by the polarization camera and display it on the polarization image display system.

Further, the rotating polarizing device includes a first 1/4 wave plate, a second vertical linear polarizer, a first rotation axis, a second rotation axis, a first vertical linear polarization plate and a second 1/4 wave plate, and the first 1/4 The 4 wave plates and the first vertical linear polarizer are fixed on the upper and lower sides of the first rotating shaft, the second vertical linear polarizing plate and the second 1/4 wave plate are fixed on the upper and lower sides of the second rotating shaft, and the second vertical polarizing plate is fixed under the control of the rotation control system. The first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft can be rotated synchronously according to a preset frequency, so that the rotating polarization device can be switched between a first state and a second state according to the preset frequency. In the first state, along the propagation direction of light, the second A vertical linear polarizer and the second 1/4 wave plate are sequentially placed on the outgoing light path of the laser; in the second state, the first 1/4 wave plate and the second vertical linear polarizer are sequentially placed along the light propagation direction Placed on the outgoing optical path of the laser; the rotating analyzer includes a third vertical linear polarizer, a fourth 1/4 wave plate, a third rotation axis, a fourth rotation axis, a third 1/4 wave plate and a fourth vertical linear polarization plate, the third vertical linear polarizer and the third 1/4 wave plate are fixed on the upper and lower sides of the third rotation axis, the fourth 1/4 wave plate and the fourth vertical linear polarizer are fixed on the upper and lower sides of the fourth rotation axis, and rotate Under the control of the control system, the third rotating shaft and the fourth rotating shaft can rotate synchronously according to the preset frequency, so that the rotating polarization analyzer can switch between the first state and the second state according to the preset frequency. In the first state, The third vertical linear polarizer and the fourth 1/4 wave plate are placed on the reflected light optical path of the metal object object, and the fourth 1/4 wave plate is close to the metal object object side; in the second state, the third 1/4 wave plate The /4 wave plate and the fourth vertical linear polarizer are placed on the optical path of the reflected light of the metal object, and the fourth vertical linear polarizer is close to the side of the metal object.

Further, the rotation control system is respectively connected with the first rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft, the third rotating shaft and the fourth rotating shaft, and is used to control the synchronization of the first rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft, the third rotating shaft and the fourth rotating shaft according to the preset frequency rotate.

Further, the rotation control system includes a driving motor and a motor controller, the number of the driving motors is four, and the output ends of the four driving motors are connected to the first rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft, the third rotating shaft and the fourth rotating shaft respectively. The rotating shaft is connected by transmission, and the motor controller is electrically connected to the four driving motors for controlling the four driving motors.

Further, moving rollers are installed on the bottom of the lifting platform of the device.

The method for detecting ice and snow on the surface of metal objects based on polarization detection is characterized in that the method utilizes the device for detecting ice and snow on the surface of metal objects based on polarization detection to detect ice and snow, specifically comprising the following steps, and the following steps are performed in sequence:

Step 1. Adjust the lifting platform of the device so that the laser beam emitted by the laser emitting system can irradiate the metal object, and the target polarization detection image acquired by the polarization detection image receiving system is completely displayed on the central position of the display screen of the polarization image display system;

Step 2. Set the initial state of the rotating polarizer and the rotating analyzer. When the rotating polarizing device is in the initial state, the first vertical linear polarizer and the second 1/4 wave plate in the rotating polarizing device are placed on the laser exit optical path , and the first vertical linear polarizer is close to the laser side; when the rotary analyzer is in the initial state, the third vertical linear polarizer and the fourth 1/4 wave plate in the rotary analyzer are placed on the reflected light of the metal object On the optical path, and the fourth 1/4 wave plate is close to the target side of the metal object;

Step 3. Turn on the laser in the laser emission system. The laser beam emitted by the laser passes through the first vertical linear polarizer and the second 1/4 wave plate in turn to form circularly polarized light, and is emitted from the exit optical window to irradiate the metal target body;

Step 4: The circularly polarized light enters the polarization detection image receiving system through the incident optical window after being reflected by the metal object, modulated by the fourth 1/4 wave plate and the third vertical linear polarizer, and then imaged by the imaging lens on a polarization camera, the polarization camera captures the target polarization detection image and transmits it to the polarization image processing system, the polarization image processing system receives the target polarization detection image captured by the polarization camera and displays it on the polarization image display system;

Step 5, turn on the rotation control system, the rotating polarizer and the rotating analyzer rotate synchronously according to the preset frequency, so that the metal area of the metal object on the display screen of the polarization image display system flickers and the ice and snow area is always bright;

Step 6. End of test

Adjust the lifting platform of the device to the original position.

Through the above design scheme, the present invention can bring the following beneficial effects: The device and method for detecting ice and snow on the surface of metal objects based on polarization detection provided by the present invention uses circularly polarized light to detect metal objects, and adopts light isolation and non-isolation methods to detect The detection of ice and snow is a beneficial supplement to the traditional polarization transmission detection. The memory function of circularly polarized light is used to improve the contrast of the image, so that the information of the ice and snow medium on the metal surface is displayed on the display screen of the polarization image display system after the polarization detection image information is processed. It shows a long bright state, and its polarization information reflects the image information of the ice and snow medium, which can effectively detect the ice and snow on the surface of metal objects, and provides reliable technical support for polarization transmission and detection.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings described here are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the application. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to understand the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a metal object surface ice and snow detection device based on polarization detection in an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the laser incident on the surface of the metal object when the rotating polarizer and the rotating analyzer are in the first state in the embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the laser incident on the surface of the ice and snow region when the rotating polarizer and the rotating analyzer are in the first state in the embodiment of the present invention;

4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the laser incident on the surface of the metal object when the rotating polarizer and the rotating analyzer are in the second state in the embodiment of the present invention;

5 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the laser incident on the surface of the ice and snow region when the rotating polarizer and the rotating analyzer are in the second state in the embodiment of the present invention;

The marks in the figure are as follows: 1-laser emission system, 2-polarization detection image receiving system, 3-rotation control system, 4-polarization image processing system, 5-polarization image display system, 6-laser, 7-first 1/ 4-wave plate, 8-second vertical linear polarizer, 9-first rotation axis, 10-second rotation axis, 11-first vertical linear polarizer, 12-second 1/4 wave plate, 13-beam expander, 14-exit optical window, 15-polarization camera, 16-imaging lens, 17-third vertical linear polarizer, 18-fourth 1/4 wave plate, 19-third rotation axis, 20-fourth rotation axis, 21-th Three 1/4 wave plates, 22-the fourth vertical linear polarizer, 23-incident optical window, 24-ice and snow area, 25-metal object target, 26-device shell, 27-device lifting platform, 28-image of ice and snow area , 29-metal area image, 30-display screen.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the present invention are clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited by the following examples, and the specific implementation manner can be determined according to the technical solutions of the present invention and actual conditions. In order to avoid obscuring the essence of the present invention, well-known methods, procedures, procedures, components and circuits have not been described in detail.

The ice and snow detection device on the surface of metal objects based on polarization detection, as shown in Figure 1, includes a device housing 26, a device lifting platform 27, a laser emitting system 1, a polarization detection image receiving system 2, a rotation control system 3, a polarization image processing system 4 and Polarized image display system 5, the device housing 26 has an exit optical window 14 and an incident optical window 23; a device lifting platform 27 is assembled below the device housing 26, and the device lifting platform 27 is used to adjust the height of the entire metal object surface ice and snow detection device; The transmitting system 1, the polarization detection image receiving system 2, the rotation control system 3 and the polarization image processing system 4 are arranged inside the device casing 26, and the polarization image display system 5 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the device casing 26, while the polarization detection image receiving system 2 , the polarization image processing system 4 and the polarization image display system 5 are electrically connected in sequence.

The laser emitting system 1 includes a laser 6, a first 1/4 wave plate 7, a second vertical linear polarizer 8, a first rotating shaft 9, a second rotating shaft 10, a first vertical linear polarizing plate 11, a second 1/4 The wave plate 12 and the beam expander 13, the laser emitting system 1 is configured to alternately emit vertical linearly polarized light and circularly polarized light to the metal target 25 according to a preset frequency, the surface of the metal target 25 has an ice and snow region 24 , the first 1/4 wave plate 7 and the first vertical linear polarizer 11 are fixed on the first shaft 9, the second vertical linear polarizer 8 and the second 1/4 wave plate 12 are fixed on the second shaft 10, when When the laser emitting system 1 is configured to emit circularly polarized light, along the propagation direction of the light, the laser 6, the first vertical linear polarizer 11, the second 1/4 wave plate 12, the beam expander 13 and the exit optical window 14 Coaxially arranged in sequence; when the laser emitting system 1 is configured to emit vertically linearly polarized light, along the propagation direction of the light, the laser 6, the first 1/4 wave plate 7, the second vertically linearly polarizing plate 8, and the beam expander The mirror 13 and the exit optical window 14 are coaxially arranged in sequence.

The polarization detection image receiving system 2 includes a polarization camera 15, an imaging lens 16, a third vertical linear polarizer 17, a fourth 1/4 wave plate 18, a third shaft 19, a fourth shaft 20, a third 1/4 wave The sheet 21 and the fourth vertical linear polarizing sheet 22, when the laser emitting system 1 is configured to emit circularly polarized light, correspond to the polarization camera 15, the imaging lens 16, the third vertical linear polarizing sheet 17, the first polarizing sheet in the polarization detection image receiving system 2 The four 1/4 wave plates 18 and the incident optical window 23 are coaxially arranged sequentially; when the laser emitting system 1 is configured to emit vertically linearly polarized light, the polarization camera 15, the imaging lens 16, the third The 1/4 wave plate 21, the fourth vertical linear polarizer 22 and the incident optical window 23 are coaxially arranged in sequence.

The rotation control system 3 is respectively connected with the first rotating shaft 9, the second rotating shaft 10, the third rotating shaft 19 and the fourth rotating shaft 20 for controlling the first rotating shaft 9, the second rotating shaft 10, the third rotating shaft 19 and the fourth rotating shaft 20 rotate synchronously according to a preset frequency, further, the rotation control system 3 includes a drive motor and a motor controller, the number of the drive motors is four, and the output ends of the four drive motors are respectively connected to the first rotating shaft 9 , the second rotating shaft 10, the third rotating shaft 19 and the fourth rotating shaft 20 are connected in transmission, the motor controller is electrically connected with the four driving motors, and is used to control the four driving motors, and the rotation control system 3 enables The four rotating shafts rotate synchronously once every 0.5 seconds, realizing the position exchange of the vertical linear polarizer and the 1/4 wave plate fixed on the same rotating shaft every 0.5 seconds and continuous exchange during the power-on period.

The laser emitting system 1 emits laser light through the laser 6 inside, and the laser light passes through the first vertical linear polarizer 11 and the second 1/4 wave plate 12 to become circularly polarized light, and then passes through the beam expander 13 and the exit optical window 14. The laser light is emitted along the emission path onto the metal object target 25 to be detected, reflected by the metal area of the metal object target 25 and the ice and snow area 24, because the metal area of the metal object 25 will reflect specularly, and the ice and snow The region 24 does not have reflective properties and will destroy the polarization properties. When the laser light emitted by the laser device 6 is right-handed circularly polarized light and is irradiated on the metal region of the metal object 25, as shown in FIG. 2, the laser light passes through the first vertical line After the polarizer 11, it becomes vertically linearly polarized light, and then becomes right-handed circularly polarized light after passing through the second 1/4 wave plate 12, and the right-handed circularly polarized light passes through the beam expander 13 and then passes through the exit optical window 14, so that the entire The laser emitting system 1 is more helpful for long-distance measurement. The laser beam transmits through the metal area of the metal object 25 and becomes left-handed circularly polarized light after specular reflection. Therefore, the polarization detection image receiving system 2 receives the laser light through the incident optical window 23 It is left-handed circularly polarized light. After the reflected left-handed circularly polarized light passes through the fourth 1/4 wave plate 18, the laser light is no longer circularly polarized but becomes horizontally linearly polarized light, so it no longer passes through The third vertical linear polarizer 17, light without specular reflection will enter the polarization camera 15 through the imaging lens 16, so the fourth 1/4 wave plate 18 is used as an optical isolator, that is, after the laser light from the laser 6 passes through this process It is reflected by the metal area of the metal object 25, but the light source cannot return to the polarization camera 15 in the direction of the laser reflection path, so the returned image is dim. When the irradiated surface is the ice and snow region 24 of the metal object target body 25, as shown in Figure 3, the coverage of the ice and snow region 24 makes the surface a matte white substance, then the circularly polarized light incident on the ice and snow region 24 will not Its polarization characteristics are reversed, but it will destroy the polarization characteristics, so that the light in the laser reflection path is non-polarized, and after passing through the incident optical window 23, the fourth 1/4 wave plate 18 and the third vertical linear polarizer 17 The vertically linearly polarized light is then passed to the polarization camera 15, so the returned image is brighter.

Utilize described rotation control system 3 to carry out rotational control to first rotating shaft 9, second rotating shaft 10, the 3rd rotating shaft 19 and the 4th rotating shaft 20, make the 1/4 wave plate and vertical linear polarizer position on the same rotating shaft mutually and the polarizers are exchanged once every 0.5 seconds and continuously exchanged during the power-on period, that is, after the exchange, the first 1/4 wave plate 7 is close to the laser 6, and the second vertical linear polarizer 8 is close to the exit optical window 14, The third 1/4 wave plate 21 is close to the polarization camera 15, and the fourth vertical linear polarizer 22 is close to the incident optical window 23, and makes the laser 6, the first 1/4 wave plate 7, the second vertical linear polarizer 8, and the beam expander The mirror 13 and the outgoing optical window 14 are coaxially arranged in sequence, so that the polarization camera 15, the imaging lens 16, the third 1/4 wave plate 21, the fourth vertical linear polarizer 22 and the incident optical window 23 are arranged coaxially in sequence. The laser beam is emitted from the laser 6 in a non-polarized form, and passes through the first 1/4 wave plate 7 without changing any polarization characteristics of the laser beam, so the laser beam passing through the first 1/4 wave plate 7 is still an unpolarized beam, and then After passing through the second vertical linear polarizer 8, it becomes vertical linearly polarized light, and continues to pass through the beam expander 13 and the exit optical window 14 to reach the surface of the metal object target body 25 to be detected. When the laser light is incident on the metal object target body 25 During the metal region, as shown in Figure 4, the metal region of the metal object 25 reflects the vertical linearly polarized light with the same polarization characteristics through the specular surface, and the vertically polarized light is still after the fourth vertical linear polarizer 22 along the laser reflection path The vertically linearly polarized light becomes circularly polarized light after passing through the third 1/4 wave plate 21, so there is almost no loss of light intensity in this process, and the effect of the returned image is bright. quarantine status. When the light beam irradiates the ice and snow area 24, as shown in Figure 5, the laser 6 emits laser light to the first 1/4 wave plate 7 and the light beam is unpolarized light, then becomes vertical linear polarization after passing through the second vertical linear polarizer 8 The light then passes through the beam expander 13 and the exit optical window 14 and irradiates the ice and snow region 24 of the metal object target 25. Since the ice and snow region 24 does not have reflective properties and will destroy the polarization characteristics, the reflected light is non-polarized and pass through the incident optical window 23 and the fourth vertical linear polarizer 22 to obtain vertically linearly polarized light, then continue to pass through the third 1/4 wave plate 21 to become circularly polarized light, and pass through the imaging lens 16 to the polarization camera 15 , the returned image is brighter.

The polarization image processing system 4 is arranged inside the device housing 26, and the polarization image processing system 4 is electrically connected to the polarization camera 15 and the polarization image display system 5 respectively through data lines, and is used to detect imaging information and analyze the polarization image information. The data here belong to the prior art and will not be repeated here.

The polarization image display system 5 includes a display screen 30, which is arranged on the surface of the device housing 26 and electrically connected to the polarization image processing system 4; the display screen 30 displays the target polarization detection image. Due to the control of the rotation control system 3, the four rotating shafts are twisted synchronously once every 0.5 seconds and are continuously twisted during the power-on period, so the obtained target polarization detection image is that the metal area corresponding to the metal object 25 flickers and the ice and snow area 24 is long. bright, so the images observed on the display screen 30 are in the following form: the metal area image 29 in the display screen 30 flickers, and the ice and snow area image 28 in the display screen 30 is always on.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first", "second", "third", and "fourth" are only used for description purposes, and are limited to "first", "second", The characteristics of "third" and "fourth" do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components.

The device for detecting ice and snow on the surface of metal objects based on polarization detection proposed by the present invention organically integrates various components and devices into a whole. It should be emphasized that, as far as the individual components are concerned, the specific structures for realizing their respective functions already exist in the prior art.

The method for detecting ice and snow on the surface of metal objects based on polarization detection, the method uses the described device for detecting ice and snow on the surface of metal objects based on polarization detection to detect ice and snow substances on the metal surface, specifically comprising the following steps, and the following steps are carried out in sequence:

Step 1, adjust the lifting platform 27 of the device, so that the laser beam emitted by the laser emitting system 1 can irradiate the metal target 25, and the target polarization detection image acquired by the polarization detection image receiving system 2 is completely displayed on the polarization image display system 5 The central position of the display screen 30;

Step 2, setting the initial state of the rotating polarizer and the rotating analyzer, when the rotating polarizing device is in the initial state, the first vertical linear polarizer 11 and the second 1/4 wave plate 12 in the rotating polarizing device are placed on the laser 6 On the outgoing optical path, and the first vertical linear polarizer 11 is close to the laser 6 side; when the rotary analyzer is in the initial state, the third vertical linear polarizer 17 and the fourth 1/4 wave plate 18 in the rotary analyzer are placed The reflected light of the metal object 25 is on the optical path, and the fourth 1/4 wave plate 18 is close to the side of the metal object 25;

Step 3: Turn on the laser 6 in the laser emission system 1, the laser beam emitted by the laser 6 passes through the first vertical linear polarizer 11 and the second 1/4 wave plate 12 in turn to form circularly polarized light, and emits from the exit optical window 14 , irradiating onto the metal target body 25;

Step 4, the circularly polarized light enters the polarization detection image receiving system 2 through the incident optical window 23 after being reflected by the metal object 25, and after being modulated by the fourth 1/4 wave plate 18 and the third vertical linear polarizing plate 17, then Imaging on the polarization camera 15 through the imaging lens 16, the polarization camera 15 captures the target polarization detection image, and transmits it to the polarization image processing system 4, and the polarization image processing system 4 receives the target polarization detection image captured by the polarization camera 15 and displays it On the polarized image display system 5;

Step 5, turn on the rotation control system 3, the rotating polarizer and the rotating analyzer rotate synchronously according to the preset frequency, so that the metal area of the metal object 25 on the display screen 30 of the polarization image display system 5 flickers and the ice and snow area 24 is always bright ;

Step 6. End of test

The device lifting platform 27 is adjusted to the original position.

It can be understood that the present invention is described through some embodiments, and those skilled in the art know that various changes or equivalent substitutions can be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In addition, the features and examples may be modified to adapt a particular situation and material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed here, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of the present application belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A device for detecting ice and snow on the surface of metal objects based on polarization detection, including a device housing (26) and a device lifting platform (27), the device housing (26) has an exit optical window (14) and an incident optical window (23), the The device lifting platform (27) is assembled under the device casing (26), and is characterized in that it also includes a laser emitting system (1), a polarization detection image receiving system (2), a rotation control system (3), a polarization image processing system ( 4) and a polarization image display system (5), wherein the laser emitting system (1), the polarization detection image receiving system (2), the rotation control system (3) and the polarization image processing system (4) are arranged inside the device housing (26) , the polarized image display system (5) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the device housing (26); the laser emitting system (1) includes a laser (6), a rotating polarizer and a beam expander arranged in sequence along the light propagation direction (13), the laser emitting system (1) is configured to alternately emit vertically linearly polarized light and circularly polarized light to the metal target (25) at a preset frequency, and the surface of the metal target (25) has ice and snow regions (24); the polarization detection image receiving system (2) is located on the reflected light optical path of the metal object (25), and the polarization detection image receiving system (2) includes sequentially arranged along the reflected light optical path of the metal object (25) The rotating analyzer, imaging lens (16) and polarization camera (15), the reflected light reflected by the metal object (25) is imaged on the polarization camera (15) after passing through the rotating analyzer and imaging lens (16), The polarization camera (15) is used to capture the polarization detection image of the target, wherein the rotating analyzer is configured to rotate according to a preset frequency, so that the metal area of the metal object (25) in the polarization detection image of the target is in a flashing state while the ice and snow area ( 24) is always on; the rotation control system (3) is connected to the rotating polarizer and the rotating analyzer respectively, and is used to control the rotating polarizing device and the rotating analyzing device to rotate synchronously according to the preset frequency; the polarization image processing The input side of the system (4) is connected to the polarization camera (15), the output side is connected to the polarization image display system (5), and the polarization image processing system (4) is used to receive the target polarization detection captured by the polarization camera (15) image and display it on a polarized image display system (5). 2. The device for detecting ice and snow on the surface of metal objects based on polarization detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rotating polarization device includes a first 1/4 wave plate (7), a second vertical linear polarizing plate (8) , the first shaft (9), the second shaft (10), the first vertical linear polarizer (11) and the second 1/4 wave plate (12), the first 1/4 wave plate (7) and the first vertical The linear polarizer (11) is fixed on the upper and lower sides of the first shaft (9), the second vertical linear polarizer (8) and the second 1/4 wave plate (12) are fixed on the upper and lower sides of the second shaft (10), Under the control of the rotation control system (3), the first rotating shaft (9) and the second rotating shaft (10) can rotate synchronously according to the preset frequency, so that the rotating polarizing device is in the first state and the second state according to the preset frequency In the first state, the first vertical linear polarizer (11) and the second 1/4 wave plate (12) are sequentially placed on the outgoing light path of the laser (6) along the propagation direction of the light; In the second state, the first 1/4 wave plate (7) and the second vertical linear polarizer (8) are sequentially placed on the outgoing light path of the laser (6) along the propagation direction of the light; the rotating analyzer includes the first Three vertical linear polarizers (17), fourth 1/4 wave plate (18), third rotation axis (19), fourth rotation axis (20), third 1/4 wave plate (21) and fourth vertical linear polarization plate (22), the third vertical linear polarizer (17) and the third 1/4 wave plate (21) are fixed on the upper and lower sides of the third shaft (19), the fourth 1/4 wave plate (18) and the fourth The vertical linear polarizer (22) is fixed on the upper and lower sides of the fourth rotating shaft (20), and under the control of the rotation control system (3), the third rotating shaft (19) and the fourth rotating shaft (20) can rotate synchronously according to a preset frequency, to switch the rotating analyzer between the first state and the second state according to the preset frequency, in the first state, the third vertical linear polarizing plate (17) and the fourth 1/4 wave plate (18) Placed on the reflected light path of the metal target (25), and the fourth 1/4 wave plate (18) is close to the side of the metal target (25); in the second state, the third 1/4 wave plate ( 21) and the fourth vertical linear polarizer (22) are placed on the optical path of the reflected light of the metal target (25), and the fourth vertical linear polarizer (22) is close to the side of the metal target (25). 3. The device for detecting ice and snow on the surface of metal objects based on polarization detection according to claim 2, characterized in that: the rotation control system (3) is connected with the first rotating shaft (9), the second rotating shaft (10), and the third rotating shaft respectively. The rotating shaft (19) is connected with the fourth rotating shaft (20) for controlling the synchronization of the first rotating shaft (9), the second rotating shaft (10), the third rotating shaft (19) and the fourth rotating shaft (20), and according to the preset frequency rotation. 4. The device for detecting ice and snow on the surface of metal objects based on polarization detection according to claim 3, characterized in that: the rotation control system (3) includes a driving motor and a motor controller, the number of the driving motors is four, The output ends of the four driving motors are respectively connected to the first rotating shaft (9), the second rotating shaft (10), the third rotating shaft (19) and the fourth rotating shaft (20), and the motor controller and the four The drive motors are electrically connected to control the four drive motors. 5. The device for detecting ice and snow on the surface of metal objects based on polarization detection according to claim 1, characterized in that moving rollers are installed at the bottom of the lifting platform (27) of the device. 6. The method for detecting ice and snow on the surface of metal objects based on polarization detection, characterized in that, the method utilizes the device for detecting ice and snow on the surface of metal objects based on polarization detection according to claim 2 to detect ice and snow, specifically comprising the following steps, and the following steps are carried out in sequence times: Step 1. Adjust the lifting platform (27) of the device so that the laser beam emitted by the laser emitting system (1) can irradiate the metal target (25), and make the target polarization detection image acquired by the polarization detection image receiving system (2) completely displayed on the central position of the display screen (30) of the polarization image display system (5); Step 2. Set the initial state of the rotating polarizer and the rotating analyzer. When the rotating polarizing device is in the initial state, the first vertical linear polarizer (11) and the second 1/4 wave plate (12) in the rotating polarizing device Placed on the exit light path of the laser (6), and the first vertical linear polarizer (11) is close to the side of the laser (6); When the rotary analyzer is in the initial state, the third vertical linear polarizer (17) and the fourth 1/4 wave plate (18) in the rotary analyzer are placed on the optical path of the reflected light of the metal target (25), And the fourth 1/4 wave plate (18) is close to the metal target (25) side; Step 3: Turn on the laser (6) in the laser emission system (1), and the laser beam emitted by the laser (6) passes through the first vertical linear polarizer (11) and the second 1/4 wave plate (12) in turn to form a circle Polarized light is emitted from the exit optical window (14) and irradiated onto the metal target (25); Step 4: The circularly polarized light enters the polarization detection image receiving system (2) through the incident optical window (23) after being reflected by the metal object (25), passes through the third vertical linear polarizer (17) and the fourth 1/ After being modulated by the 4 wave plates (18), the image is captured by the polarization camera (15) through the imaging lens (16). The polarization camera (15) captures the target polarization detection image and transmits it to the polarization image processing system (4). (4) receiving the target polarization detection image captured by the polarization camera (15) and displaying it on the polarization image display system (5); Step 5: Turn on the rotation control system (3), and rotate the polarization device and the rotation analyzer to rotate synchronously according to the preset frequency, so that the metal object (25) on the display screen (30) of the polarization image display system (5) The area is flashing and the ice and snow area (24) is always on; Step 6. End of test Adjust the device lifting platform (27) to the original position.

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