CN115353393A - Production method of large prebaked anode - Google Patents
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011300 coal pitch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011334 petroleum pitch coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
- C04B35/528—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components
- C04B35/532—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components containing a carbonisable binder
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- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
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Abstract
The invention provides a production method of a large prebaked anode, which comprises the following steps: A. preheating the large prebaked anode in a sealed furnace chamber, then feeding the preheated anode into a 1p furnace chamber, carrying out 28-hour or 56-hour heating operation in the 1p furnace chamber, and then feeding the heated anode into a 2p furnace chamber; B. continuously heating the large prebaked anode in a 2p furnace chamber for 28 hours, and sequentially feeding the large prebaked anode into the furnace chambers of the subsequent heating stages for 28-hour heating treatment; C. heating the large prebaked anode in an X +1 furnace chamber, and then feeding the large prebaked anode into an X +2 furnace chamber; D. heating the large-scale prebaked anode to 1185 ℃ in an X +2 furnace chamber, preserving heat for 28 hours, and sequentially feeding the large-scale prebaked anode into a subsequent furnace chamber for 28-hour high-temperature sintering treatment; E. then the materials are sequentially sent into each cooling furnace chamber for cooling treatment and discharged from the furnace. The invention obviously improves the yield and reduces the cost on the premise of ensuring the product quality and not increasing the energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum smelting, in particular to a production method of a large-scale prebaked anode.
Background
The prebaked anode is made of petroleum coke and pitch coke as aggregates and coal pitch as binder and used as anode material of prebaked aluminum electrolytic cell. This carbon block has been calcined and has a stable geometry, so it is also called a prebaked anode carbon block, and is also conventionally called a carbon anode for aluminum electrolysis. An aluminum electrolytic cell using prebaked anode carbon blocks as anodes is called a prebaked anode electrolytic cell, which is called a prebaked cell for short, and is a modern large-scale aluminum electrolytic cell. The anode carbon block is produced by using petroleum coke as a raw material and coal pitch as a binder and through the procedures of calcining the petroleum coke, crushing the petroleum coke, sieving, finely crushing the petroleum coke, melting pitch, blending, kneading, molding, roasting and the like.
An open-type ring-type anode roasting furnace is a heat treatment furnace most commonly used in the production process of prebaked anodes, and the ring-type roasting furnace is characterized in that a plurality of furnace chambers with the same structure are arranged in double rows, wherein two rows of furnace chambers at the ends are connected through a communicating flue to form a first connection and a second connection, and the ring-type anode roasting furnace runs according to a moving flame system to carry out roasting heat treatment on a pressed green product.
At present, flame moving cycle processes of 30 hours and more are adopted in prebaked anode roasters for 500KA electrolytic cells, and the processes have the defects of long flame moving cycle, low roaster capacity, inconvenience for improving the labor productivity and production profit of enterprises and influence on the further development of the enterprises. In order to solve the above problems, some enterprises have tried to develop a 28-hour moving cycle process, but the 28-hour moving cycle process is difficult to develop, and is prone to causing problems such as too high energy consumption or deteriorated anode quality, and thus is not successfully developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for producing a large prebaked anode, which uses a 28-hour flame moving cycle process technology under the condition of not changing the existing original combustion materials and key equipment, and realizes that the yield is obviously improved and the production cost is reduced on the premise of ensuring the product quality of an anode roasting furnace and not increasing the energy consumption.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the production of the large prebaked anode is carried out by adopting an anode roasting furnace, and a furnace chamber of the anode roasting furnace is sequentially divided into a temperature rise section, a high-temperature sintering section and a cooling section according to a production stage, wherein the temperature rise section is provided with X sequentially-connected temperature rise stage furnace chambers, the high-temperature sintering section is provided with Y sequentially-connected high-temperature sintering stage furnace chambers, and the cooling section is provided with Z sequentially-connected cooling furnace chambers;
X=3~4,Y=3~4,Z≥8;
the production method comprises the following steps:
A. the large-scale prebaked anode enters a furnace chamber of a first temperature rise stage after being preheated by a sealed furnace chamber, namely a furnace chamber of 1p, and high-temperature flue gas in the furnace chamber of the high-temperature sintering stage flows to the furnace chamber of each temperature rise stage by vacuum extraction in the furnace chamber of 1p, and the temperature rise of the large-scale prebaked anode is controlled by controlling the vacuum degree, wherein the temperature rise target curve control process is as follows:
when the furnace chamber of 1p is a normal furnace chamber, the heating treatment is carried out for 28 hours, and the control process of a heating target curve is shown in the following table:
time, hour | Target temperature,. Degree.C |
0.0 | 235-265 |
2.0 | 261-291 |
4.0 | 283-313 |
8.0 | 323-353 |
16.0 | 395-425 |
21.0 | 440-470 |
28.0 | 510-540 |
When the furnace chamber 1p is a turning furnace chamber, 56-hour heating treatment is carried out, and the control process of a heating target curve is shown in the following table:
time, hour | Target temperature,. Degree.C |
0.0 | 75-95 |
4.0 | 99-119 |
16.0 | 159-179 |
21.0 | 189-209 |
28.0 | 235-255 |
32.0 | 263-283 |
44.0 | 335-355 |
49.0 | 368-388 |
56.0 | 420-440 |
B. After the 1p temperature rise control is finished, the furnace chamber is sent to a second temperature rise stage furnace chamber, namely a 2p furnace chamber, the temperature rise treatment is continuously carried out for 28 hours, then the furnace chamber is continuously sent to a subsequent 3p-Xp temperature rise stage furnace chamber in sequence to carry out the temperature rise treatment for 28 hours respectively, and then the furnace chamber is sent to a first high-temperature sintering stage furnace chamber, namely an X +1 furnace chamber; at the last moment of the temperature rise process of the Xp furnace chamber, the temperature target of the Xp furnace chamber is 890-900 ℃;
C. the large prebaked anode is heated for 28 hours in an X +1 furnace chamber and then is sent into a second high-temperature sintering stage furnace chamber, namely an X +2 furnace chamber; the control process of the temperature-rise target curve in the X +1 furnace chamber is shown in the following table:
D. heating the large-scale prebaked anode to 1185 ℃ in an X +2 furnace chamber for 4-8 hours, keeping the temperature and continuously processing until the retention time in the X +2 furnace chamber reaches 28 hours, then continuously and sequentially feeding the large-scale prebaked anode into subsequent X +3 to X + Y furnace chambers to perform high-temperature sintering processing for 28 hours, and keeping the temperature in the furnace chambers at 1185 ℃ all the time;
E. after the high-temperature sintering treatment of the X + Y furnace chambers is finished, the materials are sequentially sent into each cooling furnace chamber for cooling treatment, the cooling treatment time in each cooling furnace chamber is 28 hours, and then the materials are discharged from the furnace.
In the 1p furnace chamber, the temperature difference control of the side flame path is as follows: -50 to 30 ℃.
When the 1p furnace chamber is a normal furnace chamber, the negative pressure of the middle flame path is-140 to-120 Pa, and the negative pressure of the side flame path is-200 to-140 Pa;
when the 1p furnace chamber is a turning furnace chamber, the negative pressure of the middle flame path is-150 to-135 Pa, and the negative pressure of the side flame path is-180 to-150 Pa.
And a blast frame is arranged at the cooling furnace chamber in the middle of the cooling section for blasting.
And 2-3 cooling furnace chambers at the rear part of the cooling section blow air to the flame path.
Each flame path in the rear cooling furnace chamber of the cooling section is respectively provided with a cooling fan; the power of a single cooling fan is 5.5KW, and the air volume is 4012-7419m 3 The wind pressure is 1320-2014 Pa.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the energy consumption of the anode produced by the method is obviously reduced, and the unit consumption of the anode natural gas for the production of the 60-chamber open-type ring anode roasting furnace is 54.48m through verification of examples 1 and 2 3 Reduction in t of 53.20m 3 And/t, the advanced level of the same furnace type in the industry is achieved.
The capacity of the anode produced by the method is remarkably improved, 963t can be produced more per month for the production of a single 60-chamber open-type ring anode roasting furnace, the annual profit is increased by 786.56 ten thousand yuan, and the effect is considerable.
The method of the invention obviously improves the yield and reduces the production cost on the premise of not deteriorating the appearance, the quality of physical and chemical indexes and not increasing the energy consumption.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
The method for producing the large prebaked anode provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
the production of the large prebaked anode is carried out by adopting a 60-chamber open-type ring-type roasting furnace, and a temperature rising section, a high-temperature sintering section and a cooling section are sequentially divided into a furnace chamber of the anode roasting furnace according to a production stage; wherein, the temperature-rising section is provided with 4 furnace chambers in the temperature-rising stage, namely 1p-4p furnace chambers, which are connected in sequence; the high-temperature sintering section is provided with 3 high-temperature sintering stage furnace chambers which are connected in sequence, namely 5p-7p furnace chambers; the cooling section is provided with 10 cooling furnace chambers which are sequentially connected, namely 1c-10c furnace chambers; all the furnace chambers are normal furnace chambers;
the production method comprises the following steps:
A. the large-scale prebaked anode enters a furnace chamber of a first temperature-rise stage after being preheated by a sealed furnace chamber, namely a furnace chamber of 1p, and high-temperature flue gas in the furnace chamber of the high-temperature sintering stage flows to the furnace chamber of each temperature-rise stage through vacuum extraction in the furnace chamber of 1p, and the large-scale prebaked anode is subjected to temperature-rise control by controlling the vacuum degree, wherein the temperature-rise target curve control process is as follows:
the furnace chamber of 1p is a normal furnace chamber, the heating treatment is carried out for 28 hours, and the control process of a heating target curve is shown in the following table:
B. after 1p temperature rise control is finished, the large-sized prebaked anode is sent into a 2p furnace chamber to be continuously subjected to 28-hour temperature rise treatment, then is sequentially sent into subsequent 3p-4p temperature rise stage furnace chambers to be subjected to 28-hour temperature rise treatment respectively, and then is sent into a first high-temperature sintering stage furnace chamber, namely a 5p furnace chamber; the target temperature of the 4p furnace chamber is 900 ℃ at the last moment of the temperature rise process of the 4p furnace chamber;
C. the large prebaked anode is subjected to temperature rise operation in a 5p furnace chamber and then is sent into a 6p-7p furnace chamber, wherein when the large prebaked anode enters the 6p and 7p furnace chambers, the target temperature is specially set half an hour after the furnace is moved to avoid the too high temperature rise rate in a short time due to the temperature reduction in the furnace, and the temperature rise operation process of the 5p-7p furnace chamber is as follows:
the temperature rise target curve control process is shown in the following table:
D. after the high-temperature sintering treatment is finished, sequentially sending the materials into 1c-10c cooling furnace chambers for cooling treatment, wherein the cooling treatment time in each cooling furnace chamber is 28 hours, and then discharging the materials out of the furnace;
4c, a blast frame is arranged at the cooling furnace chamber for blasting;
8 cooling fans are arranged on a cooling fan frame in the 6c-7c cooling furnace chamber and respectively blow air corresponding to each flame path; the power of a single cooling fan is 5.5KW, and the air volume is 5000-6000m 3 The wind pressure is 1400-1800 Pa.
By adopting the process, (1) the anode appearance and the quality of the physical and chemical indexes are kept in a high-level state, the appearance qualified rate reaches 99.64 percent, and the rate of more than the physical and chemical index mark TY-1 reaches 94.69 percent. (2) The energy consumption of the anode is obviously reduced, and the anodeThe unit consumption of natural gas is 54.48m 3 The/t is reduced to 53.20m 3 And/t, reaching the advanced level of the same furnace type in the industry. (3) The anode capacity is improved remarkably, 963t is produced more every month, the annual profit is increased by 786.56 ten thousand yuan, and the effect is considerable.
Example 2
The method for producing the large prebaked anode provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:
the production of the large prebaked anode is carried out by adopting an anode roasting furnace, and a furnace chamber of the anode roasting furnace is sequentially divided into a temperature rising section, a high-temperature sintering section and a cooling section according to a production stage, wherein the temperature rising section is provided with 4 furnace chambers of the temperature rising stage, namely 1p-4p furnace chambers, which are sequentially connected; the high-temperature sintering section is provided with 3 high-temperature sintering stage furnace chambers which are connected in sequence, namely 5p-7p furnace chambers; the cooling section is provided with 10 cooling furnace chambers which are sequentially connected, namely 1c-10c furnace chambers; wherein, 1p is a turning furnace chamber, and all the other furnace chambers are normal furnace chambers;
the production method comprises the following steps:
the large-scale prebaked anode enters a furnace chamber of a first temperature-rise stage after being preheated by a sealed furnace chamber, namely a furnace chamber of 1p, and high-temperature flue gas in the furnace chamber of the high-temperature sintering stage flows to the furnace chamber of each temperature-rise stage through vacuum extraction in the furnace chamber of 1p, and the large-scale prebaked anode is subjected to temperature-rise control by controlling the vacuum degree, wherein the temperature-rise target curve control process is as follows:
the furnace chamber 1p is a turning furnace chamber, 56-hour heating treatment is carried out, and the control process of a heating target curve is shown in the following table:
B. after 1p temperature rise control is finished, the large-sized prebaked anode is sent into a 2p furnace chamber to be continuously subjected to 28-hour temperature rise treatment, then is sequentially sent into subsequent 3p-4p temperature rise stage furnace chambers to be subjected to 28-hour temperature rise treatment respectively, and then is sent into a first high-temperature sintering stage furnace chamber, namely a 5p furnace chamber; at the last moment of the temperature rise process of the 4p furnace chamber, the temperature target of the 4p furnace chamber is 900 ℃;
C. the large-size prebaked anode is subjected to temperature rise operation in a 5p furnace chamber and then is sent into a 6p-7p furnace chamber, wherein when the large-size prebaked anode enters the 6p and 7p furnace chambers, the target temperature is specially set half an hour after the furnace movement in order to avoid the too high temperature rise rate in a short time due to the reduction of the temperature in the furnace movement, and the temperature rise operation process of the 5p-7p furnace chamber is as follows:
the temperature-rise target curve control process is shown in the following table:
time, hour | Target temperature,. Degree.C | Rate of temperature rise in DEG C/hr |
0 | 890 | 0.0 |
1.5 | 905 | 10.0 |
10 | 1000 | 11.2 |
18 | 1080 | 10.0 |
28 | 1165 | 8.5 |
28.5 | 1150 | -30.0 |
34 | 1185 | 6.4 |
56 | 1185 | 0.0 |
56.5 | 1170 | -30.0 |
60 | 1185 | 4.3 |
84 | 1185 | 0.0 |
D. After the high-temperature sintering treatment is finished, sequentially sending the materials into 1c-10c cooling furnace chambers for cooling treatment, wherein the cooling treatment time in each cooling furnace chamber is 28 hours, and then discharging the materials out of the furnace;
4c, a blast frame is arranged at the cooling furnace chamber for blasting;
8 cooling fans are arranged on a cooling fan frame in the 6c-7c cooling furnace chamber and respectively blow air corresponding to each flame path; the power of a single cooling fan is 5.5KW, and the air quantity is 4500-5500m 3 The wind pressure is 1600-2000 Pa.
By adopting the process, 1) the anode appearance and the quality of physical and chemical indexes are kept in a high-level state, the appearance qualification rate reaches 99.52 percent, and the rate of more than the physical and chemical index mark TY-1 reaches 91.69 percent. (2) The energy consumption of the anode is obviously reduced, and the unit consumption of the anode natural gas is 57.48m 3 The/t is reduced to 55.20m 3 And/t, the advanced level of the same furnace type in the industry is achieved. (3) The anode capacity is improved remarkably, 963t is produced more every month, the annual profit is increased by 786.56 ten thousand yuan, and the effect is considerable.
Claims (6)
1. A production method of a large prebaked anode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the production of the large prebaked anode is carried out by adopting an anode roasting furnace, and a furnace chamber of the anode roasting furnace is sequentially divided into a temperature rise section, a high-temperature sintering section and a cooling section according to a production stage, wherein the temperature rise section is provided with X furnace chambers of the temperature rise stage which are sequentially connected, the high-temperature sintering section is provided with Y furnace chambers of the high-temperature sintering stage which are sequentially connected, and the cooling section is provided with Z furnace chambers of the cooling stage which are sequentially connected; x =3-4, Y =3-4, Z ≧ 8;
a combustion frame is arranged in each high-temperature sintering stage furnace chamber, and the first furnace chamber of the heating-up section is a vacuum extraction end;
the production method comprises the following steps:
A. the large-scale prebaked anode enters a furnace chamber of a first temperature rise stage after being preheated by a sealed furnace chamber, namely a furnace chamber of 1p, and high-temperature flue gas in the furnace chamber of the high-temperature sintering stage flows to the furnace chamber of each temperature rise stage by vacuum extraction in the furnace chamber of 1p, and the temperature rise of the large-scale prebaked anode is controlled by controlling the vacuum degree, wherein the temperature rise target curve control process is as follows:
when the furnace chamber of 1p is a normal furnace chamber, the heating treatment is carried out for 28 hours, and the control process of a heating target curve is shown in the following table:
When the furnace chamber 1p is a turning furnace chamber, 56-hour heating treatment is carried out, and the control process of a heating target curve is shown in the following table:
B. after the 1p temperature rise control is finished, sending the obtained product into a furnace chamber of a second temperature rise stage, namely a furnace chamber of 2p, continuing to carry out temperature rise treatment for 28 hours, then continuing to sequentially send the obtained product into furnace chambers of subsequent 3p-Xp temperature rise stages to carry out temperature rise treatment for 28 hours respectively, and then sending the obtained product into a furnace chamber of a first high-temperature sintering stage, namely an X +1 furnace chamber; at the last moment of the temperature rise process of the Xp furnace chamber, the temperature target of the Xp furnace chamber is 890-900 ℃;
C. the large prebaked anode is heated for 28 hours in an X +1 furnace chamber and then is sent into a second high-temperature sintering stage furnace chamber, namely an X +2 furnace chamber; the control process of the temperature-rise target curve in the X +1 furnace chamber is shown in the following table:
D. Heating the large-scale prebaked anode to 1185 ℃ in an X +2 furnace chamber for 4-8 hours, keeping the temperature and continuously processing until the retention time in the X +2 furnace chamber reaches 28 hours, then continuously and sequentially feeding the large-scale prebaked anode into subsequent X +3 to X + Y furnace chambers to perform high-temperature sintering processing for 28 hours, and keeping the temperature in the furnace chambers at 1185 ℃ all the time;
E. after the high-temperature sintering treatment of the X + Y furnace chambers is finished, the materials are sequentially sent into each cooling furnace chamber for cooling treatment, the cooling treatment time in each cooling furnace chamber is 28 hours, and then the materials are discharged from the furnace.
2. The method for producing a large-sized prebaked anode according to claim 1, wherein:
in the 1p furnace chamber, the temperature difference control of the side flame path is as follows: -50 to 30 ℃.
3. The method for producing a large-sized prebaked anode according to claim 1, wherein:
when the 1p furnace chamber is a normal furnace chamber, the negative pressure of the middle flame path is-140 to-120 Pa, and the negative pressure of the side flame path is-200 to-140 Pa;
when the 1p furnace chamber is a turning furnace chamber, the negative pressure of the middle flame path is-150 to-135 Pa, and the negative pressure of the side flame path is-180 to-150 Pa.
4. The method for producing a large-sized prebaked anode according to claim 1, wherein: and a blast frame is arranged at the cooling furnace chamber in the middle of the cooling section for blasting.
5. The method for producing a large-sized prebaked anode according to claim 4, wherein: and 2-3 cooling furnace chambers at the rear part of the cooling section blow air to the flame path.
6. The method for producing a large-sized prebaked anode according to claim 5, wherein:
each flame path in the rear cooling furnace chamber of the cooling section is respectively provided with a cooling fan; the power of a single cooling fan is 5.5KW, and the air volume is 4012-7419m 3 The wind pressure is 1320-2014 Pa.
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