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CN115349985A - 一种全腕关节假体 - Google Patents

一种全腕关节假体 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115349985A
CN115349985A CN202210992162.2A CN202210992162A CN115349985A CN 115349985 A CN115349985 A CN 115349985A CN 202210992162 A CN202210992162 A CN 202210992162A CN 115349985 A CN115349985 A CN 115349985A
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prosthesis
wrist
radius
sleeve
carpal
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汤小东
任宏志
岳术俊
许奎雪
张朝锋
周浩然
李伟
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Beijing Chunlizhengda Medical Instruments Co Ltd
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Beijing Chunlizhengda Medical Instruments Co Ltd
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种全腕关节固定型假体，属于医疗假体技术领域；其包括桡骨髓针假体、腕骨髓针假体，其特征在于，还包括用于连接桡骨髓针假体和腕骨髓针假体的桡骨平台和腕骨托；所述腕骨髓针假体的下方设有连接轴；腕骨髓针假体与连接轴通过与固定杆连接；所述桡骨平台的顶部为光滑凹面，腕骨托的底部为光滑凸面，且光滑凸面紧贴于光滑凹面；所述腕骨托的顶部具有套筒，套筒的中轴线垂直于桡骨髓针假体；所述连接轴的侧壁和套筒的侧壁均设有对应的螺孔；所述连接轴位于套筒内，且连接轴上的螺孔与套筒侧方的螺孔正对，且通过腕骨假体螺钉固定连接。本发明的整体稳定性较好、桡骨髓针假体和桡骨平台易更换、装配和松解。

Description

一种全腕关节假体
技术领域
本发明涉及到医疗假体技术领域，特别涉及一种全腕关节假体。
背景技术
腕关节是人体最灵活、最重要的关节之一,对于创伤性、退行性腕关节炎、类风湿性腕关节炎严重受损等疾症的治疗,之前大多数的治疗以腕关节融合术为主,随着医学和科技的发展以及患者迫切希望能够在解决疼痛的同时保留其腕关节的活动功能，全腕关节置换术越来越多地应用到腕关节治疗中。对于风湿性疾病关节炎、骨肿瘤和创伤性疾病导致的大量骨缺损疾病，目前大多数仍然采用关节融合术治疗方式，随着医学科技发展，以及人民生活水平的提高，对关节质量要求也在逐渐提高，患者希望保留最大原骨骼之时，最大限度的恢复关节活动度，目前越来越多的腕关节假体置换术应用到临床治疗中，非限制性假体多以传统的结构和材料为主，不能满足患者对假体质量的需求。
中国专利CN112294500A公开了一种腕关节假体，其中的腕骨假体和桡骨假体由两部分构成，桡骨假体是一体式结构，桡骨柄和桡骨连接件是一体结构，不易于初次置换或者翻修中更换桡骨连接件部分，此假体如果更换桡骨连接件则需要更换桡骨假体整体，会增加手术时间和创伤，不能实现低创伤性手术治疗；腕骨部分螺钉植入人体之后，不能实现良好的骨长上效果，会发生螺钉松动迹象，临床使用后会导致腕骨假体松动。
中国专利CN101708139A公开了球臼形式的腕关节假体，腕关节柄假体是一体式结构，临床使用过程腕关节平台与腕关节柄不能发生替换，不能调换腕关节平台型号，不能更好的满足临床需求，且翻修腕关节假体时不易更换。接骨螺钉植入人体之后，不能实现良好的骨长上效果，会发生螺钉松动迹象，临床使用后会导致腕骨假体松动。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种全腕关节假体，其整体稳定性较好、桡骨髓针假体和桡骨平台易更换、装配和松解。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采取的技术方案为：
一种全腕关节假体，包括桡骨髓针假体、腕骨髓针假体，还包括用于连接桡骨髓针假体和腕骨髓针假体的桡骨平台和腕骨托；所述腕骨髓针假体的下方设有连接轴；腕骨髓针假体与连接轴通过与固定杆连接；所述桡骨平台的顶部为光滑凹面，腕骨托的底部为光滑凸面，且光滑凸面紧贴于光滑凹面；所述腕骨托的顶部具有套筒，套筒的中轴线垂直于桡骨髓针假体；所述连接轴的侧壁和套筒的侧壁均设有对应的螺孔；所述连接轴位于套筒内，且连接轴上的螺孔与套筒侧方的螺孔正对，且通过腕骨假体螺钉固定连接。
进一步的，所述腕骨髓针假体包括腕骨座和腕骨髓针；所述腕骨髓针设有三个，均固定于腕骨座的顶部；三个髓针排布于同一直线上且中间腕骨髓针的高度高于其两侧腕骨髓针的高度。
进一步的，所述桡骨髓针假体的顶部设有燕尾槽，桡骨平台的底部设有与燕尾槽对应的燕尾状凸起；所述燕尾状凸起从一侧插入燕尾槽中；燕尾槽的侧方设有贯穿燕尾槽的螺纹孔，且螺纹孔的中轴线与燕尾槽的延伸方向垂直；所述燕尾状凸起的侧方设有与螺纹孔正对的第二孔。
进一步的，还包括固定螺钉，所述第二孔为位于燕尾状凸起底部的半圆槽，半圆槽与燕尾槽内底部的半圆螺纹槽正对形成完整的螺纹孔，固定螺钉固定于螺纹孔内。
进一步的，所述连接轴的其中一端设有凸台，凸台为一棱形结构，且套筒的端部设有与凸台对应的棱形凹槽，且棱形凹槽的中轴线和套筒的中轴线重合；所述凸台位于棱形凹槽中。
进一步的，所述连接轴的螺孔位于凸台一侧，套筒上的螺孔位于棱形凹槽的一侧。
进一步的，所述套筒顶部的中间位置设有用于固定杆穿过的贯穿孔；贯穿孔和棱形凹槽之间的套筒顶壁具有用于压入连接轴的开口。
进一步的，所述桡骨髓针假体的桡骨髓针部分上具有用于增大与松骨质摩擦力凹槽结构，凹槽结构的延伸方向与髓针的延伸方一致。
进一步的，所述腕骨髓针假体的两侧腕骨髓针的外表面具有钛+羟基磷灰石涂层和条状凸起；所述腕骨髓针假体的中间腕骨髓针的表面具有骨小梁结构。
进一步的，还包括桡骨平台垫，所述桡骨平台垫位于桡骨平台和腕骨托之间，且所述光滑凹面位于桡骨平台垫的顶部；所述桡骨平台垫的底部与桡骨平台之间通过卡扣结构固定连接。
本发明采取上述技术方案所产生的有益效果在于：
1、本发明中全腕关节假体，整体稳定性较好，实现桡骨髓针假体和桡骨平台采用燕尾槽和燕尾状凸起和固定螺钉结构固定，桡骨髓针假体和桡骨平台易更换、装配和松解。
2、本发明的腕骨髓针假体带有连接轴和套筒以及腕骨假体螺钉可防止腕骨托和腕骨髓针假体发生相对旋转。
3、本发明的腕骨假体螺钉，使腕骨托和腕骨髓针假体固定，防止腕骨托和腕骨髓针假体脱出。
4、本发明的腕骨托通过套筒结构，防止腕骨髓针假体1与腕骨托分离；
5、本发明的桡骨髓针假体采用钛合金材料制成，表面带有Ti+HA涂层，Ti+HA活性材料促进骨细胞生长，随着植入时间增长，桡骨髓针假体1植入后期的更稳定；桡骨髓针假体带有凹槽结构，增加与松质骨的摩擦力，提高抗拔出力，桡骨髓针假体外观结构具有抗旋作用。
6、本发明的腕骨假体采用3D打印钛合金材料制成，腕关节假体髓针的中间髓针采用多孔骨小梁结构打印，植入人体后初期稳定性好，具有与松质骨增大摩擦力、抗旋转和加固的作用，防止腕骨假体旋转和脱出髓腔，后期骨长入效果明显；
7、本发明的腕骨髓针假体的两侧腕骨髓针表面带有Ti+HA涂层和条状凸起，Ti+HA活性材料促进骨细胞生长，随着植入时间增长，腕骨髓针假体的两个髓针植入后期更稳定，条状凸起具有抗旋转和增加摩擦力作用。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的结构爆炸图；
图2为本发明实施例的桡骨平台、桡骨平台垫、腕骨托和腕骨髓针假体结构爆炸图；
图3为本发明实施例的桡骨平台和桡骨髓针假体结构爆炸图。
图4为本发明桡骨凭条和桡骨平台垫的连接结构截面图。
图中：1-桡骨髓针假体2-桡骨平台3-腕骨托4-腕骨髓针假体5-桡骨平台垫12-固定螺钉13-螺纹孔14-凹槽结构22-半圆槽23-第二卡扣42-43-两侧腕骨髓针46-中间腕骨髓针48-第二螺孔49-连接轴32-棱形凹槽31-套筒46-中间腕骨髓针47-凸台410-411-条状凸起21-燕尾状凸起11-燕尾槽51-第一卡扣41-腕骨假体螺钉52-卡扣结构
具体实施方式
下面，结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的说明。
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
一种全腕关节假体，包括桡骨髓针假体、腕骨髓针假体，还包括用于连接桡骨髓针假体和腕骨髓针假体的桡骨平台和腕骨托；所述腕骨髓针假体的下方设有连接轴；腕骨髓针假体与连接轴通过与固定杆连接；所述桡骨平台的顶部为光滑凹面，腕骨托的底部为光滑凸面，且光滑凸面紧贴于光滑凹面；所述腕骨托的顶部具有套筒，套筒的中轴线垂直于桡骨髓针假体；所述连接轴的侧壁和套筒的侧壁均设有对应的螺孔；所述连接轴位于套筒内，且连接轴上的螺孔与套筒侧方的螺孔正对，且通过腕骨假体螺钉固定连接。
进一步的，所述腕骨髓针假体包括腕骨座和腕骨髓针；所述腕骨髓针设有三个，均固定于腕骨座的顶部；三个髓针排布于同一直线上且中间腕骨髓针的高度高于其两侧腕骨髓针的高度。
进一步的，所述桡骨髓针假体的顶部设有燕尾槽，桡骨平台的底部设有与燕尾槽对应的燕尾状凸起；所述燕尾状凸起从一侧插入燕尾槽中；燕尾槽的侧方设有贯穿燕尾槽的螺纹孔，且螺纹孔的中轴线与燕尾槽的延伸方向垂直；所述燕尾状凸起的侧方设有与螺纹孔正对的第二孔。
进一步的，还包括固定螺钉，所述第二孔为位于燕尾状凸起底部的半圆槽，半圆槽与燕尾槽内底部的半圆螺纹槽正对形成完整的螺纹孔，固定螺钉固定于螺纹孔内。
进一步的，所述连接轴的其中一端设有凸台，凸台为一棱形结构，且套筒的端部设有与凸台对应的棱形凹槽，且棱形凹槽的中轴线和套筒的中轴线重合；所述凸台位于棱形凹槽中。
进一步的，所述连接轴的螺孔位于凸台一侧，套筒上的螺孔位于棱形凹槽的一侧。
进一步的，所述套筒顶部的中间位置设有用于固定杆穿过的贯穿孔；贯穿孔和棱形凹槽之间的套筒顶壁具有用于压入连接轴的开口。
进一步的，所述桡骨髓针假体的桡骨髓针部分上具有用于增大与松骨质摩擦力凹槽结构，凹槽结构的延伸方向与髓针的延伸方一致。
进一步的，所述腕骨髓针假体的两侧腕骨髓针的外表面具有钛+羟基磷灰石涂层和条状凸起；所述腕骨髓针假体的中间腕骨髓针的表面具有骨小梁结构。
进一步的，还包括桡骨平台垫，所述桡骨平台垫位于桡骨平台和腕骨托之间，且所述光滑凹面位于桡骨平台垫的顶部；所述桡骨平台垫的底部与桡骨平台之间通过卡扣结构固定连接。
下面为一更具体的实施例：
钛合金具有比重小、比强度高、弹性模量低、易加工成形、原料资源丰富等特点,现已发展成为外科植入物较为理想的功能结构材料。由于多孔结构假体生物相容性好，化学性质稳定，力学性能优异，弹性模量与人体骨相近，应力遮挡现象降低，骨长入效果好，初始稳定性高，容易与骨组织形成良好的结合，耐腐蚀性高等特点，与组织体液无任何炎症反应，现已逐渐得到市场认可，
本实施例的结构特征主要包括以下部分：桡骨髓针假体1、桡骨平台2、腕骨托3、腕骨假体4、桡骨平台垫5、桡骨螺钉12和腕骨假体螺钉41构成，如图1所示。
桡骨髓针假体1与桡骨平台2采用燕尾槽和燕尾状凸起的结构配合；腕骨托3与腕骨假体4采用套筒结构和螺钉连接结构配合；桡骨平台垫5和桡骨平台2采用卡扣结构配合，如图1所示；其中，腕骨髓针假体4应用于腕骨和掌骨；桡骨髓针插入桡骨假体。
桡骨髓针假体和桡骨平台通过燕尾槽结构的配合，通过固定螺钉12连接，如图3所示，固定螺钉12起到固定桡骨平台和桡骨髓针假体的作用，使两个部件不能发生相对移动；
腕骨托3和腕骨假体4通过腕骨假体螺钉41连接，如图2所示；
桡骨平台垫5和桡骨平台2采用第一卡扣23和第二卡扣51结构配合，如图2和图4所示；
桡骨髓针假体1采用钛合金材料制成，表面带有Ti+HA涂层，Ti+HA活性材料促进骨细胞生长，随着植入时间增长，桡骨髓针假体1植入后期的更稳定；桡骨髓针假体1带有凹槽结构14，增加与松质骨的摩擦力，提高抗拔出力，桡骨髓针假体外观结构具有抗旋作用，如图1所示。
腕骨托3与桡骨平台垫5形成腕关节臼，提供多个角度的自由活动度。
腕骨假体4采用3D打印钛合金材料制成，腕关节假体髓针46采用多孔骨小梁结构打印，植入人体后初期稳定性好，具有与松质骨增大摩擦力、抗旋转和加固的作用，防止腕骨假体旋转和脱出髓腔，后期骨长入效果明显；腕骨髓针假体的两侧腕骨髓针42、43表面带有Ti+HA涂层和条状凸起410和411结构，Ti+HA活性材料促进骨细胞生长，随着植入时间增长，腕骨髓针假体的苏子很42、43植入后期更稳定，凸台结构410和411结构具有抗旋转作用。
桡骨平台2采用钴铬钼材料制成，具有较高的耐磨性。
固定螺钉12和腕骨假体螺钉41具有螺纹结构；
桡骨髓针假体1中的燕尾槽和桡骨平台2的燕尾状凸起配合，具有抗脱出的作用，同时采用固定螺钉12固定到螺钉孔22中，起到两个假体固定作用。
腕骨髓针假体4假体具有第二螺纹孔48，腕骨托3和腕骨髓针假体4，通过腕骨螺钉41进行连接，固定两个假体处于稳定状态。
腕骨髓针假体4带有凸台47结构，凸台结构47与棱形凹槽32配合作用是防止腕骨托和腕骨髓针假体发生相对旋转，如图2所示。

Claims (10)

1.一种全腕关节假体，包括桡骨髓针假体、腕骨髓针假体，其特征在于，还包括用于连接桡骨髓针假体和腕骨髓针假体的桡骨平台和腕骨托；所述腕骨髓针假体的下方设有连接轴；腕骨髓针假体与连接轴通过与固定杆连接；所述桡骨平台的顶部为光滑凹面，腕骨托的底部为光滑凸面，且光滑凸面紧贴于光滑凹面；所述腕骨托的顶部具有套筒，套筒的中轴线垂直于桡骨髓针假体；所述连接轴的侧壁和套筒的侧壁均设有对应的螺孔；所述连接轴位于套筒内，且连接轴上的螺孔与套筒侧方的螺孔正对，且通过腕骨假体螺钉固定连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种全腕关节假体，其特征在于，所述腕骨髓针假体包括腕骨座和腕骨髓针；所述腕骨髓针设有三个，均固定于腕骨座的顶部；三个髓针排布于同一直线上且中间腕骨髓针的高度高于其两侧腕骨髓针的高度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种全腕关节假体，其特征在于，所述桡骨髓针假体的顶部设有燕尾槽，桡骨平台的底部设有与燕尾槽对应的燕尾状凸起；所述燕尾状凸起从一侧插入燕尾槽中；燕尾槽的侧方设有贯穿燕尾槽的螺纹孔，且螺纹孔的中轴线与燕尾槽的延伸方向垂直；所述燕尾状凸起的侧方设有与螺纹孔正对的第二孔。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种全腕关节假体，其特征在于，还包括固定螺钉，所述第二孔为位于燕尾状凸起底部的半圆槽，半圆槽与燕尾槽内底部的半圆螺纹槽正对形成完整的螺纹孔，固定螺钉固定于螺纹孔内。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种全腕关节假体，其特征在于，所述连接轴的其中一端设有凸台，凸台为一棱形结构，且套筒的端部设有与凸台对应的棱形凹槽，且棱形凹槽的中轴线和套筒的中轴线重合；所述凸台位于棱形凹槽中。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种全腕关节假体，其特征在于，所述连接轴的螺孔位于凸台一侧，套筒上的螺孔位于棱形凹槽的一侧。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种全腕关节假体，其特征在于，所述套筒顶部的中间位置设有用于固定杆穿过的贯穿孔；贯穿孔和棱形凹槽之间的套筒顶壁具有用于压入连接轴的开口。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种全腕关节假体，其特征在于，所述桡骨髓针假体的桡骨髓针部分上具有用于增大与松骨质摩擦力凹槽结构，凹槽结构的延伸方向与髓针的延伸方一致。
9.根据权利要求2所述的一种全腕关节假体，其特征在于，所述腕骨髓针假体的两侧腕骨髓针的外表面具有钛+羟基磷灰石涂层和条状凸起；所述腕骨髓针假体的中间腕骨髓针的表面具有骨小梁结构。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种全腕关节假体，其特征在于，还包括桡骨平台垫，所述桡骨平台垫位于桡骨平台和腕骨托之间，且所述光滑凹面位于桡骨平台垫的顶部；所述桡骨平台垫的底部与桡骨平台之间通过卡扣结构固定连接。
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6168630B1 (en) * 1997-12-30 2001-01-02 Waldemar Link (Gmbh & Co) Hand joint prosthesis
US20050137709A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2005-06-23 Conrad Klotz Modular radial component for a total wrist arthroplasty
CN113456316A (zh) * 2021-06-30 2021-10-01 北京市春立正达医疗器械股份有限公司 一种新型腕关节假体

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6168630B1 (en) * 1997-12-30 2001-01-02 Waldemar Link (Gmbh & Co) Hand joint prosthesis
US20050137709A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2005-06-23 Conrad Klotz Modular radial component for a total wrist arthroplasty
CN113456316A (zh) * 2021-06-30 2021-10-01 北京市春立正达医疗器械股份有限公司 一种新型腕关节假体

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