CN115347545B - Power supply system protection circuit based on cascade boost protection - Google Patents
Power supply system protection circuit based on cascade boost protection Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
- H02H11/002—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of inverted polarity or connection; with switching for obtaining correct connection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/02—Details
- H02H3/04—Details with warning or supervision in addition to disconnection, e.g. for indicating that protective apparatus has functioned
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
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Abstract
The invention provides a power supply system protection circuit based on cascade boost protection, which solves the problems that the existing protection scheme can not support alternating current and direct current protection at the same time, the model selection scheme is not universal, the model selection material has large volume, low reliability, high cost and the like, and realizes the protection function under the condition of wrong access of high-voltage DC and AC power supplies by improving the mode of protecting the withstand voltage and bearing capacity through the cascade boost; meanwhile, the functions of overcurrent protection, hot plug support, reverse connection prevention protection and the like are also considered. The technical scheme of the invention has the advantages of wide application range, low cost, high reliability and small volume, can be used as an independent module and can also be integrated in a circuit, and is suitable for being popularized to all application scenes using DC external power supply in a large area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power supply system protection circuits, in particular to a power supply system protection circuit based on cascade boost protection.
Background
The existing DC power supply systems used by various types of products are more, but the power supply interfaces in the use environment of users are more, so that the problems of AC/DC mixed connection, wrong connection, non-specification power supply access and the like sometimes occur, and the possibility of damaging expensive equipment is caused.
In some existing technical solutions, a monitoring protection circuit is formed by using a relay, a zener diode, a part of semiconductor components and the like, so that overcurrent, overvoltage (AC/DC), reverse connection, hot plug prevention and other protections of DC power supply are realized, each module is independent, the protection action is slow, the access protection of alternating current and direct current cannot be compatible at the same time, the protection action is slow, and the reliability is lower. Therefore, in order to solve the problem, a sufficient, reliable and cost-effective scheme is made at the power supply input interface, which is a technical scheme urgently needed to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention provides a power supply system protection circuit based on cascade boost protection, which is used to solve the problems that the existing power supply system protection circuit cannot be compatible with ac and dc access protection at the same time, and has slow protection action and relatively low reliability.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a protection circuit for a power supply system based on cascade boost protection, including: the input end, the output end and the cascade boost protection module; the cascade boost protection module comprises a plurality of cascade units; wherein: each cascade unit comprises a first overload protection element, a first voltage stabilizing element and a first three-terminal switching element which are connected with each other; one end of the first overload protection element is connected with the input end, and the other end of the first overload protection element is connected with the first voltage stabilizing element in series; the series connection point of the first overload protection element and the first voltage stabilizing element is connected with the first end of the first three-end switching element and is connected with the first voltage stabilizing element in the next cascade unit to lead out the next cascade unit; the second end of the first three-end switch element is connected with the series connection point of the first overload protection element and the first voltage stabilizing element in the next cascade unit, the third end of the first three-end switch element is connected with the first end of the second three-end switch element through an anti-reverse diode, and the second end and the third end of the second three-end switch element are respectively connected with the input end and the output end; the voltage difference between the first end and the second end of each three-terminal switching element controls the connection and disconnection between the second end and the third end; the pressure bearing capacity of each cascade unit depends on the current cascade unit and the first voltage stabilizing elements in all the cascade units in the preamble.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the device further comprises a first resistor, a second resistor, and a third resistor; wherein: the first end of the first resistor is connected with the second end of the second three-terminal switch element, and the second end of the first resistor is connected with the first end of the second resistor; the second end of the second resistor is connected with the first end of the third resistor and the first end of the second three-terminal switch element; and the second end of the third resistor is grounded.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the method comprises: if the first three-terminal switching element is not conducted, the voltage difference between the first terminal and the second terminal of the second three-terminal switching element is the sum of divided voltages on the first resistor and the second resistor; the sum of the divided voltages is greater than a conduction threshold of the second three-terminal switching element so as to conduct the second three-terminal switching element; if the first three-terminal switching element is conducted, the voltage of the first terminal of the second three-terminal switching element depends on the voltage of the currently conducted third terminal of the first three-terminal switching element.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the first terminal of the second three-terminal switching element is grounded through one or more start-up capacitors.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus further comprises a reverse connection protection module connected to the input terminal.
In some embodiments of the invention, the reverse connection protection module comprises: the second overload protection element, the third three-terminal switching element and the second voltage stabilizing element; the second voltage stabilizing element is connected between the first end and the second end of the third three-terminal switching element; the third end of the third three-end switch element is connected with the negative electrode of the input end, and the second end of the third three-end switch element is connected with the 1 end of the second voltage stabilizing element and the second end of the fourth three-end switch element; the first end of the third three-terminal switching element is also connected with one end of the second overload protection element, and the other end of the second overload protection element is connected with the input end; and the voltage difference between the first end and the second end of the third three-terminal switching element controls the on-off between the second end and the third end.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the reverse connection protection module further includes an indicator light connected to the input end for lighting when the polarity is reversed.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the protection circuit further includes an overcurrent protection module connected between the reverse connection protection module and the cascade boost protection module.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the over-current protection module includes: a fourth three-terminal switching element and a fourth resistor; the fourth resistor is connected between the first end and the second end of the fourth three-terminal switching element; the third end of the fourth three-terminal switching element is connected with the first end of the third three-terminal switching element; and the first end of the fourth three-terminal switching element and the second end of the fourth three-terminal switching element are connected with a fourth resistor.
As described above, the power supply system protection circuit based on the cascade boost protection according to the present invention has the following advantages: the invention makes up the problems that the existing protection scheme can not support AC and DC protection at the same time, the model selection scheme is not universal, the model selection material has large volume, low reliability and high cost, and the like, and realizes the protection function under the condition of power supply fault access of high-voltage DC and AC by a mode of improving the withstand voltage and bearing capacity of protection through cascade boosting; meanwhile, the functions of overcurrent protection, hot plug support, reverse connection prevention protection and the like are also considered. The technical scheme of the invention has the advantages of wide application range, low cost, high reliability and small volume, can be used as an independent module and can also be integrated in a circuit, and is suitable for being popularized to all application scenes using DC external power supply in a large area.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply system protection circuit based on cascade boost protection in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an overcurrent protection module and a reverse connection protection module in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention. The following detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of embodiments of the present application is defined only by the claims of the issued patent. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. Spatially relative terms, such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "lower," "below," "lower," "above," "upper," and the like, may be used herein to facilitate describing one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," "retained," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Also, as used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes" and/or "including" specify the presence of stated features, operations, elements, components, items, species, and/or groups, but do not preclude the presence, or addition of one or more other features, operations, elements, components, items, species, and/or groups thereof. The terms "or" and/or "as used herein are to be construed as inclusive or meaning any one or any combination. Thus, "a, B or C" or "a, B and/or C" means "any of the following: a; b; c; a and B; a and C; b and C; A. b and C ". An exception to this definition will occur only when a combination of elements, functions or operations are inherently mutually exclusive in some way.
The invention provides an input protection circuit of a power supply system, aiming at realizing the functions of reverse connection prevention, overcurrent protection, overvoltage AC/DC protection and hot plug support under the condition of high current through-flow for the input power supply of a DC power supply system through the composition scheme of all semiconductor components, the use of a step boosting scheme of a common self-recovery fuse and a thyristor and the reasonable matching of model selection parameters. According to the invention, through ingenious circuit design, special customized components are not needed, and the protection function which can be realized only by combining a plurality of different modules can be realized by using conventional electronic components, so that the input power supply protection interface is suitable for large-scale popularization and application to industrial products.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail by the following embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a power supply system protection circuit based on cascade boost protection in an embodiment of the present invention.
The power supply system protection circuit comprises an input end Vin, an output end Vout and a cascade boost protection module. The cascade boost protection module comprises a plurality of cascade units; each cascade unit comprises first overload protection elements F2 to F10, first voltage stabilizing elements D2, D3, D5, D7, D9, D11, D13, D15, D17 and D19 and first three-terminal switching elements Q4 to Q12 which are connected with one another; each cascade unit comprises a first overload protection element, a first voltage stabilizing element and a first three-terminal switching element which are connected with each other; one end of the first overload protection element is connected with the input end Vin, and the other end of the first overload protection element is connected with the first voltage stabilizing element in series; the series connection point of the first overload protection element and the first voltage stabilizing element is connected with the first end G pole of the first three-terminal switching element and is connected with the first voltage stabilizing element in the next cascade unit to lead out the next cascade unit; the S pole of the second end of the first three-terminal switching element is connected with the series connection point of the first overload protection element and the first voltage stabilizing element in the next cascade unit, the D pole of the third end is connected with the G pole of the first end of the second three-terminal switching element through anti-reverse diodes D4, D6, D8, D10, D12, D14, D16 and D18, and the S pole of the second end and the D pole of the third end of the second three-terminal switching element are respectively connected with the input end and the output end; the voltage difference between the first end G pole and the second end S pole of each three-terminal switching element controls the connection and disconnection between the second end S pole and the third end D pole; the pressure bearing capacity of each cascade unit depends on the current cascade unit and the first voltage stabilizing elements in all the cascade units in the preamble.
It should be noted that: the first three-terminal switching element Q4 is connected with the end 1 of the fuse F2 to form an end G, connected with the end 1 of the anti-reverse diode D4 to form an end D, and connected with the end 1 of the fuse F3 to form an end S, wherein the end 1 of the D4 is an anode and the end 2 is a cathode; the first three-terminal switching element Q5 is connected with the end 1 of the fuse F3 to form an end G, connected with the end 1 of the anti-reverse diode D6 to form an end D, and connected with the end 1 of the fuse F4 to form an end S, wherein the end 1 of the D6 is an anode and the end 2 is a cathode; the first three-terminal switching element Q6 is connected with the end 1 of the fuse F4 to form an end G, connected with the end 1 of the anti-reverse diode D8 to form an end D, and connected with the end 1 of the fuse F5 to form an end S, wherein the end 1 of the D8 is an anode and the end 2 is a cathode; the first three-terminal switching element Q7 is connected with the end 1 of the fuse F5 to form an end G, connected with the end 1 of the anti-reverse diode D10 to form an end D, and connected with the end 1 of the fuse F6 to form an end S, wherein the end 1 of the D10 is an anode and the end 2 is a cathode; the first three-terminal switching element Q8 is connected with the end 1 of the fuse F6 to form an end G, connected with the end 1 of the anti-reverse diode D12 to form an end D, and connected with the end 1 of the fuse F7 to form an end S, wherein the end 1 of the D12 is an anode and the end 2 is a cathode; the first three-terminal switching element Q9 is connected with the end 1 of the fuse F7 to form an end G, connected with the end 1 of the anti-reverse diode D14 to form an end D, and connected with the end 1 of the fuse F8 to form an end S, wherein the end 1 of the D14 is an anode and the end 2 is a cathode; the first three-terminal switching element Q10 is connected with the end 1 of the fuse F8, the end 1 connected with the anti-reverse diode D16 is the end D, the end 1 connected with the fuse F9 is the end S, wherein the end 1 of the D16 is an anode, and the end 2 is a cathode; the first three-terminal switch element Q11 is connected with the terminal 1 of the fuse F9, the terminal 1 of the anti-reverse diode D18 and the terminal S, wherein the terminal 1 of the D18 is an anode and the terminal 2 is a cathode.
In some examples, the first overload protection element includes a Fuse. A fuse, also called a current fuse, is a fuse link that serves as overload protection. The fuse is correctly installed in the circuit, and the fuse can be fused to cut off the current when the current abnormally rises to a certain height and heat, so that the circuit is protected from running safely.
Furthermore, the first overload protection element can use a self-recovery fuse, is an overcurrent electronic protection element, and is formed by doping a conductive particle material into a high-molecular organic polymer under the conditions of high pressure, high temperature and vulcanization reaction and processing through a special process. Traditional fuse overcurrent protection only can protect once, need change after the fusing, and the self-resuming fuse can automatic recovery, and convenient to use reduces and uses the degree of difficulty and use cost.
In some examples, the first voltage stabilization element includes a voltage-resistant thyristor or a voltage-stabilizing diode. The zener diode is also called a zener diode, is a surface contact type crystal diode made of silicon material, is called a zener tube for short, and is a semiconductor device with high resistance up to the critical reverse breakdown voltage. When the voltage-stabilizing tube is in reverse breakdown, the terminal voltage is almost unchanged in a certain current range, and the voltage-stabilizing tube shows voltage-stabilizing characteristics.
In some examples, the three-terminal switching element may use a MOS transistor, such as a PMOS transistor or an NMOS transistor; each MOS tube comprises a source S, a grid G and a drain D; when a control signal is applied between the source S and the gate G, the on/off between the drain D and the source S can be changed. The PMOS tube and the NMOS tube are completely similar in structure, and the difference is the doping types of the substrate and the source and the drain.
To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the working principle of the protection circuit of the power supply system based on the cascade boost protection will now be described with reference to the embodiment shown in fig. 1.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the first overload protection element adopts a fuse, the first voltage stabilizing element adopts a voltage stabilizing diode, and the three-terminal switching element adopts a PMOS transistor; the first end of the PMOS tube is a grid G, the second end is a source S, and the third end is a drain D; the first three-terminal switching element refers to PMOS tubes Q4-Q12 in the cascade unit, and the second three-terminal switching element refers to PMOS tubes Q13 and Q14 positioned at the output end; the G end of the PMOS tube Q13 is connected with the G end of the Q14, the S end of the PMOS tube Q13 is connected with the S end of the Q14, and the D end of the PMOS tube 13 is connected with the D end of the Q14; to the 2 ends of the fuses F2 to F10 are connected S ends of Q13 and Q14, to the cathodes of D4 to D18 are connected G ends of Q13 and Q14, and to the output ends are connected D ends of Q13 and Q14. Vgsth is-2V to-4V, vgsmax = +/-20V. The foregoing examples are given by way of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
In this embodiment, the first cascade unit includes a fuse F2, a zener diode D3, and a PMOS transistor Q4; the second cascade unit comprises a fuse F3, a voltage stabilizing diode D5 and a PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube Q5; the third cascade unit comprises a fuse F4, a voltage stabilizing diode D7 and a PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube Q6; in the same way, the last cascade unit comprises a fuse F10, a voltage stabilizing diode D19 and a PMOS tube Q12.
In terms of structural connection, a first cascade unit is taken as an example for explanation: one end of the fuse F2 is connected with the input end Vin, and the other end of the fuse F2 is connected with the voltage stabilizing diodes D3 and D4 in series; the series connection point of the fuse F2 and the voltage stabilizing diode D3 is connected with the grid G of the PMOS tube Q4 and is connected with the voltage stabilizing diode D5 in the second cascade unit; the source S of the PMOS tube Q4 is connected with a series connection point of a fuse F3 and a voltage stabilizing diode D5 in the second cascade unit, the drain D of the PMOS tube Q4 is connected with the grid G of the PMOS tubes Q13 and Q14 through an anti-reverse diode D4, the source S and the drain D of the PMOS tube Q13 are respectively connected with an input end Vin and an output end Vout, and the source S and the drain D of the PMOS tube Q14 are respectively connected with the input end Vin and the output end Vout. By analogy, other tandem units are also connected with reference to similar connection structures.
The fuse F2 and the voltage stabilizing diodes D2 and D3 in the first cascade unit realize first-stage voltage clamping, element selection is carried out according to the actual withstand voltage bearing requirement of a rear-stage circuit, for example, the maximum withstand voltage of the rear stage is 60V, the voltage stabilizing diodes D2 and D3 can be respectively selected to be 30V, and the voltage is 60V after cascade connection. The fuse F3 and the voltage stabilizing diodes D5, D3 and D2 form clamping protection of a source electrode S of the PMOS tube Q4 in the first cascade unit, and it is ensured that Vgs voltage of the PMOS tube Q4 does not exceed a chip threshold value, so that damage is caused. By analogy, the fuse F4 and the zener diodes D7, D5, D3, D2 form a clamping protection for the source S of the PMOS transistor Q5 in the second cascade unit, ensuring that the Vgs voltage of the PMOS transistor Q5 does not exceed the chip threshold, resulting in damage. According to the design, the number of stages is accumulated continuously, the voltage-withstanding stepping value of each stage is determined according to the parameters of the voltage-stabilizing thyristor selected, 29V voltage-withstanding voltage is selected for the voltage-stabilizing diodes D2 and D3, 30V voltage-withstanding voltage is selected for the voltage-stabilizing diodes D5, D7, D9, D11, D13, D15, D17 and D19, the voltage is boosted by 9 stages, and the maximum voltage-withstanding value of about 338V can be achieved by adding Vgsmax of the last-stage PMOS tube Q12 to 40V. The above example is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, if there is a circuit with higher voltage protection requirement, the level accumulation can be continued, and D4, D6, D8, D10, D12, D14, D16, D18 in the circuit are used as anti-reverse diodes.
For the sake of understanding, the operation principle of the protection circuit of the power supply system in the present embodiment is described in detail with reference to fig. 1.
The cascade boost protection module further comprises a first resistor R7, a second resistor R6 and a third resistor R5; wherein: a first end of the first resistor R7 is connected with a second end S pole of the second three-terminal switching element, and a second end is connected with a first end of the second resistor R6; the second end of the second resistor R6 is connected with the first end of the third resistor R5 and the first end G pole of the second three-terminal switching element; the second end of the third resistor R5 is grounded.
If the first three-terminal switching element is not conducted, the voltage difference between the G pole of the first terminal and the S pole of the second terminal of the second three-terminal switching element is the sum of divided voltages of the first resistor R6 and the second resistor R7; the sum of the divided voltages is greater than a turn-on threshold of the second three-terminal switching elements Q13, Q14 to turn on the second three-terminal switching elements Q13, Q14.
For example, when Vin < 24V < Vin < 58V, the voltage of gate G of PMOS transistor Q4 does not reach the Vgs threshold of Q4, and PMOS transistor Q4 is not turned on, and the voltage of gate G of power PMOS transistors Q13 and Q14 divides the input voltage by R6+ R7 and R5, so that a voltage difference is generated between gate G and source S of PMOS transistors Q13 and Q14 and is greater than Vgsth of PMOS transistors Q13 and Q14, and PMOS transistors Q13 and Q14 are turned on, and the circuit is normally turned on.
<2> if the first three-terminal switching element is turned on, the voltage of the first terminal of the second three-terminal switching element depends on the voltage of the third terminal of the first three-terminal switching element which is currently turned on.
For example, when 58V < Vin < 88V, the voltage of the gate G of the PMOS transistor Q4 is clamped at 58V, and when the voltage difference between the input voltage Vin and the voltage of the gate G of the PMOS transistor Q4 is greater than the turn-on voltage of the PMOS transistor Q4, the PMOS transistor Q4 is turned on, a voltage (Vin-Vsd) is generated at the drain D of the PMOS transistor Q4, and the voltage is input to the gates G of the PMOS transistors Q13 and Q14 through the diode D4, so that the Vgs voltage of the PMOS transistors Q13 and Q14 is reduced to be below the turn-on threshold, the main power supply loop is turned off, and overvoltage protection is realized.
When the voltage is more than 88V and less than Vin and less than 118V, the grid G voltage of the PMOS tube Q4 is clamped at 58V, the PMOS tube Q4 is conducted, the grid G voltage of the PMOS tube Q5 is 88V after Vin is clamped by a fuse F3 and voltage stabilizing diodes D5, D3 and D2, when the voltage difference between the input voltage Vin and the grid G voltage of the PMOS tube Q5 is larger than the conduction threshold value of the PMOS tube Q5, the PMOS tube Q5 is conducted, voltage (Vin-Vsd) is generated at the drain D of the PMOS tube Q5, and the voltage is input to the grids G of the PMOS tubes Q13 and Q14 through an anti-reverse diode D6, so that the Vgs voltage of the PMOS tubes Q13 and Q14 is reduced to be lower than the conduction threshold value, a power supply main loop is cut off, and overvoltage protection is realized. Due to the action of the anti-reverse diodes D4 and D6, only the maximum voltage is output to the grid electrodes G of the PMOS tubes Q13 and Q14, and second-stage boosting is realized.
By parity of reasoning, through the mode, continuous superposition is realized, namely the protection bearing range of higher voltage is realized, the problem that the differential pressure of Vgs and Vds of the PMOS tube is limited is also considered, and the uninterrupted overvoltage protection function is realized. Preferably, in the embodiment of the invention, during the model selection parameters, it is ensured that Vgsth of the PMOS transistors Q4 to Q11 is smaller than Vgsth values of the power PMOS transistors Q13 and Q14, so that the continuous uninterrupted ultrahigh-voltage overvoltage protection function can be realized, and the model selection is easy to realize.
In some examples, the first terminal of the second three-terminal switching element is grounded through one or more snubber capacitors. In this embodiment, the gates G of the PMOS transistors Q13 and Q14 are connected to the slow start capacitors C3, C4, and C8, and the slow start capacitors C3, C4, and C8 in this embodiment are used to implement the slow start and overvoltage suppression functions, so as to achieve the effect of supporting the high-power supply circuit to support hot plug.
In some examples, the power supply system protection circuit based on cascade boost protection further comprises a reverse connection protection module for prompting reverse connection.
In the present embodiment, the circuit structure of the reverse connection protection module is shown in fig. 2, and it should be understood that fig. 2 is a partial circuit structure of fig. 1. The circuit connections in the two figures are described in conjunction with fig. 1 and 2 as follows: the 2 terminal of the resistor R4 in fig. 2 is connected to the 1 terminal of the first voltage stabilization element D2 in fig. 1.
The reverse connection protection module comprises: a second overload protection element F1, third three-terminal switching elements Q1 and Q2 and a second voltage stabilizing element D1; the second voltage stabilizing element D1 is connected between the first end G pole and the second end S pole of the third three-terminal switching element Q2; the first end G pole of the third three-terminal switching element Q2 is also connected with one end of the second overload protection element F1, and the other end of the second overload protection element F1 is connected with the input end Vin; the voltage difference between the first terminal G pole and the second terminal S pole of the third three-terminal switching elements Q1 and Q2 controls the connection and disconnection between the second terminal S pole and the third terminal D pole.
Further, the reverse connection protection module further comprises an indicator light LED1 which is connected to the input end and used for being lightened when the polarity is reversely connected. Specifically, the indicator LED1 has one end connected to the input Vin and the other end connected in series to the resistors R1 and R2 and then grounded.
It should be noted that the third three-terminal switching element includes NMOS transistors Q1 and Q2, which form a reverse connection protection circuit. The NMOS tube Q1 and the NMOS tube Q2 form a reverse connection protection circuit, the voltage-withstanding thyristor D1 and the self-recovery fuse F1 realize Vgs clamping of the NMOS tube, and the NMOS can not be subjected to overvoltage breakdown when AC or DC high-voltage input is ensured. The LED1 is used for making a reverse connection indication, and the lamp is lightened when the polarity is reversed.
In some examples, the power supply system protection circuit based on the cascade boost protection further comprises an overcurrent protection module connected between the reverse connection protection module and the cascade boost protection module.
The specific circuit structure of the overcurrent protection module is shown in fig. 2, and includes: a fourth three-terminal switching element Q3 and a fourth resistor R3; the fourth resistor R3 is connected between the first terminal G and the second terminal S of the fourth three-terminal switching element Q3; and the third end D pole of the fourth three-terminal switching element Q3 is connected with the first end G pole of the third three-terminal switching elements Q1 and Q2. Therefore, Q3 and R3 form an overcurrent protection circuit, when the return current of the main loop of the circuit exceeds a set value, the G electrode voltage of Q3 is raised, the G electrode voltage of Q1+ Q2 is further lowered, the loop is turned off, and when the current is reduced to a normal value, the main loop is turned on and the circuit of the part is recovered.
In summary, the invention provides a power supply system protection circuit based on cascade boost protection, which solves the problems that the existing protection scheme cannot support alternating current and direct current protection at the same time, the model selection scheme is not universal, the model selection material has large volume, low reliability and high cost, and the like, and realizes the protection function under the condition of wrong access of high-voltage DC and AC power supplies by improving the protection voltage-withstanding capacity through cascade boost; meanwhile, the functions of overcurrent protection, hot plug support, reverse connection prevention protection and the like are also considered. The technical scheme of the invention has the advantages of wide application range, low cost, high reliability and small volume, can be used as an independent module and can also be integrated in a circuit, and is suitable for being popularized to all application scenes using DC external power supply in a large area. Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A power supply system protection circuit based on cascade boost protection is characterized by comprising an input end, an output end and a cascade boost protection module; the cascade boost protection module comprises a plurality of cascade units; wherein:
each cascade unit comprises a first overload protection element, a first voltage stabilizing element and a first three-terminal switching element which are connected with each other; one end of the first overload protection element is connected with the input end, and the other end of the first overload protection element is connected with the first voltage stabilizing element in series; the series connection point of the first overload protection element and the first voltage stabilizing element is connected with the first end of the first three-end switching element and is connected with the first voltage stabilizing element in the next cascade unit to lead out the next cascade unit; the second end of the first three-end switch element is connected with the series connection point of the first overload protection element and the first voltage stabilizing element in the next cascade unit, the third end of the first three-end switch element is connected with the first end of the second three-end switch element through an anti-reverse diode, and the second end and the third end of the second three-end switch element are respectively connected with the input end and the output end;
the voltage difference between the first end and the second end of each three-terminal switching element controls the connection and disconnection between the second end and the third end; the pressure bearing capacity of each cascade unit depends on the current cascade unit and the first voltage stabilizing elements in all the cascade units in the preamble.
2. The power supply system protection circuit based on the cascade boost protection according to claim 1, wherein the cascade boost protection module further comprises a first resistor, a second resistor and a third resistor; wherein:
the first end of the first resistor is connected with the second end of the second three-terminal switching element, and the second end of the first resistor is connected with the first end of the second resistor; the second end of the second resistor is connected with the first end of the third resistor and the first end of the second three-terminal switching element; and the second end of the third resistor is grounded.
3. The protection circuit of the power supply system based on the cascade boost protection as claimed in claim 2, characterized by comprising:
if the first three-terminal switching element is not conducted, the voltage difference between the first terminal and the second terminal of the second three-terminal switching element is the sum of divided voltages on the first resistor and the second resistor; the sum of the divided voltages is greater than a conduction threshold of the second three-terminal switching element so as to conduct the second three-terminal switching element;
if the first three-terminal switching element is conducted, the voltage of the first terminal of the second three-terminal switching element depends on the voltage of the currently conducted third terminal of the first three-terminal switching element.
4. The protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the first terminal of the second three-terminal switching element is grounded through one or more start-up capacitors.
5. The protection circuit of a power supply system based on cascade boost protection as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a reverse connection protection module connected to said input terminal.
6. The protection circuit of claim 5, wherein the reverse protection module comprises: the second overload protection element, the third three-terminal switching element and the second voltage stabilizing element; the second voltage stabilizing element is connected between the first end and the second end of the third three-terminal switching element; the third end of the third three-end switch element is connected with the negative electrode of the input end, and the second end of the third three-end switch element is connected with the 1 end of the second voltage stabilizing element and the second end of the fourth three-end switch element; the first end of the third three-terminal switching element is also connected with one end of the second overload protection element, and the other end of the second overload protection element is connected with the input end; and the voltage difference between the first end and the second end of the third three-terminal switching element controls the on-off between the second end and the third end.
7. The protection circuit of claim 6, wherein the reverse protection module further comprises an indicator light connected to the input terminal for lighting when the polarity is reversed.
8. The power supply system protection circuit based on the cascade boost protection of claim 6, further comprising an overcurrent protection module connected between the reverse connection protection module and the cascade boost protection module.
9. The protection circuit of claim 8, wherein the over-current protection module comprises: a fourth three-terminal switching element and a fourth resistor; the fourth resistor is connected between the first end and the second end of the fourth three-terminal switching element; the third end of the fourth three-terminal switching element is connected with the first end of the third three-terminal switching element; and the first end of the fourth three-terminal switching element and the second end of the fourth three-terminal switching element are connected with a fourth resistor.
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| CN108448557A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-08-24 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二三研究所 | A kind of High Power Airborne DC over-voltage surge restraint circuit |
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| JP2006333595A (en) * | 2005-05-25 | 2006-12-07 | Fuji Electric Device Technology Co Ltd | Terminal protection circuit |
| EP2523296A1 (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2012-11-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Switch assembly for providing excess voltage protection and method for operating same |
| US9293912B2 (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2016-03-22 | Analog Devices, Inc. | High voltage tolerant supply clamp |
| BE1026372B1 (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2020-01-23 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co | guard |
| CN112421595B (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-12-23 | 中国兵器工业集团第二一四研究所苏州研发中心 | Overvoltage suppression protection and reverse connection prevention circuit |
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| CN108448557A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-08-24 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二三研究所 | A kind of High Power Airborne DC over-voltage surge restraint circuit |
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