CN115341537B - Self-adaptive anchor rod applied to expansive soil slope - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a self-adaptive anchor rod applied to an expansive soil slope, which can effectively strengthen the expansive soil rock-soil body by arranging a multistage stress elastomer and does not obstruct the expansive soil body when the water loss and shrinkage of the expansive soil occur.

Description

An adaptive anchor for expansive soil slopes

Technical field

The invention relates to an anchor device, in particular to an adaptive anchor applied to expansive soil slopes.

Background technique

Expansive soil is also called "expansive soil". It is a clay soil that expands violently after being immersed in water and shrinks significantly after losing water. Because the soil contains more clay minerals such as montmorillonite and illite, it is very hydrophilic. Strong, expansive soil is a kind of highly plastic clay with generally high bearing capacity. It has characteristics such as water-absorbing expansion, water-loss shrinkage and repeated expansion and contraction deformation, water-immersed bearing capacity attenuation, and the development of dry shrinkage cracks. It is extremely unstable in nature and often makes buildings Uneven vertical or horizontal expansion and contraction deformation occurs, causing displacement, cracking, tilting and even damage. They often appear in groups, especially in low-rise bungalows, and are very harmful. The cracks are characterized by vertical cracks in the exterior wall and slanted ends. Horizontal cracks and horizontal cracks under the window sill, symmetrical or asymmetric inverted figure-eight cracks on the inner and outer gables, etc. The existing protection and reinforcement devices for expansive soil rock and soil layers mainly use anchor rods for reinforcement, and the anchor rods are reinforced by the rock and soil mass. The rod system structure, through the longitudinal tension of the anchor rod body, overcomes the shortcoming that the tensile capacity of the rock and soil is far lower than the compressive capacity. However, the existing anchor rods are generally rigid structures, although they can meet the requirements of intense water immersion in expansive soils. It has a reinforcing effect on the expansive soil rock and soil layer during expansion. However, since the volume of the expansive soil shrinks significantly after losing water, the existing anchor device is a rigid structure and undergoes inelastic deformation, which will produce resistance to the expansion soil when it shrinks. The expansive soil returns to its original state, and the existing anchor device has a small deformation due to stress and cannot gradually increase the longitudinal tension of the anchor rod body according to the displacement of the expansive soil, thereby increasing the anchor rod when the displacement of the expansive soil increases. The longitudinal tension of the rod body cannot meet the reinforcement needs when the displacement is large when the expansive soil is immersed in water.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides an adaptive anchor for expansive soil slopes. By setting up a multi-stage stressed elastomer, the device can not only be used when the expansive soil and rock are immersed in water and expand. The longitudinal tension of multi-stage stressed elastomers is used to strengthen the expansive soil, rock and soil mass to prevent large displacements. The multi-stage stressed elastic body can also restore the initial state after the expansion soil loses water and shrinks, without hindering the restoration of the original state of the expansive soil, rock and soil mass. By arranging multiple retaining rings on the multi-stage stressed elastomer, when the expansive soil and rock mass undergoes a large displacement, the longitudinal tension of the anchor rod body is gradually increased to limit the displacement of the expansive soil and rock mass.

The technical solution is to include a screw, the part of the screw extending outward from the rock and soil body is threaded with a nut, a backing plate is provided between the nut and the rock and soil part, and a through hole is provided in the center of the backing plate to cooperate with the screw. , the part of the screw that extends inward into the rock and soil mass is fixedly connected to the first-level stressed elastic body. The other end of the first-level stressed elastic body is fixedly connected to an anchoring section located deep inside the rock and soil mass. The first-level stressed elastic body The body is a hollow structure and the first-level force-bearing elastic body is coaxially fixedly connected with a first retaining ring. The anchoring section is provided with a multi-level force-bearing elastic structure to gradually improve the anchoring capacity of the anchor rod to prevent major damage to the rock and soil mass. range displacement.

Preferably, the multi-level force-bearing elastic structure includes a second-level force-bearing elastic body fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the anchoring section and arranged coaxially with the first-level force-bearing elastic body. The second-level force-bearing elastic body is a hollow structure. And the second-stage force-bearing elastic body is coaxially fixedly connected with a second retaining ring.

Preferably, the multi-level force-bearing elastic structure also includes a third-level force-bearing elastic body fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the anchoring section and arranged coaxially with the second-level force-bearing elastic body. The third-level force-bearing elastic body is hollow. structure, and a third retaining ring is coaxially fixedly connected to the third-level force-bearing elastic body.

Preferably, the outer diameter of the first baffle ring is smaller than the inner diameter of the second-stage force-bearing elastomer so that the first baffle ring can move relatively vertically inside the second-stage force-bearing elastomer, and a through hole is opened in the center of the second baffle ring. The radius of the through hole is smaller than the outer diameter of the first baffle ring, so that when the first baffle ring contacts the second baffle ring, it drives the second baffle ring to move together.

Preferably, the outer diameter of the second baffle ring is smaller than the inner diameter of the third-level force-bearing elastomer so that the second baffle ring can move relatively vertically inside the third-level force-bearing elastomer. There is a through hole in the center of the third baffle ring. The radius of the through hole is smaller than the outer diameter of the second baffle ring, so that when the second baffle ring contacts the third baffle ring, it drives the third baffle ring to move together.

Preferably, the first-level force-bearing elastomer, the second-level force-bearing elastomer and the third-level force-bearing elastomer are spring structures, and the second-level force-bearing elastomer spring has a larger radius than the first-level force-bearing elastomer spring. Radius, the radius of the third-stage stressed elastomer spring is greater than the radius of the second-stage stressed elastomer spring.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. By setting up multi-stage stressed elastomers, the device can not only strengthen the expansive soil and rock soil to prevent large displacements by the longitudinal tension of the multi-stage stressed elastomer when the expansive soil and rock are immersed in water and expand, but also can prevent large displacements in the expansive soil. After water loss and shrinkage, the multi-level stressed elastomer returns to its initial state and does not hinder the expansion of the soil and rock mass from returning to its initial state;

2. By arranging multiple retaining rings on the multi-stage stressed elastomer, when the expansive soil and rock mass undergoes a large displacement, the longitudinal tension of the anchor rod body is gradually increased to limit the displacement of the expansive soil and rock mass.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is an overall schematic diagram of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the screw and first-stage stressed elastomer device of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the second-stage force-bearing elastic body and the second retaining ring device of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the third-level force-bearing elastic body and the third retaining ring device of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the present invention in the expansive soil rock body.

Reference signs

1. Screw, 2. Nut, 3. Pad, 4. First-level stressed elastomer, 5. Anchor section, 6. First retaining ring, 7. Second-level stressed elastomer, 8. Second block Ring, 9. The third-level stressed elastomer, 10. The third retaining ring.

Detailed ways

The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-5.

When the present invention is used, firstly, one end of the anchor screw 1 fixedly connected with the anchoring section 5 is inserted into the interior of the expansive soil rock mass. The screw rod 1 protrudes outwards from the rock mass and is threaded with a nut 2. The nut 2 is in contact with the rock soil. There is a backing plate 3 between the body parts, and a through hole is provided in the center of the backing plate 3 to match the screw 1. The screw 1 extends inward into the rock and soil body part and is fixedly connected to the first-level stressed elastic body 4. The other end of the force elastic body 4 is fixedly connected to an anchoring section 5 located deep inside the rock and soil body. The first-level force-bearing elastic body 4 is a hollow structure and the first-level force-bearing elastic body 4 is coaxially fixedly connected with a first stop. Ring 6, the anchoring section 5 is provided with a multi-level stress elastic structure to gradually improve the anchoring capacity of the anchor rod to prevent large-scale displacement of the rock and soil mass. The multi-level stress elastic structure includes a fixed connection on the upper end surface of the anchor section 5 and The second-level force-bearing elastic body 7 is coaxially arranged with the first-level force-bearing elastic body 4. The second-level force-bearing elastic body 7 is a hollow structure and a second-level force-bearing elastic body 7 is coaxially fixedly connected to the second-level force-bearing elastic body 7. The retaining ring 8, the multi-stage stressed elastic structure also includes a third-stage stressed elastic body 9 fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the anchoring section 5 and coaxially arranged with the second-stage stressed elastic body 7. The third-stage stressed elastic body 9 is a hollow structure and the third-level force-bearing elastic body 9 is coaxially fixedly connected with a third blocking ring 10, the first-level force-bearing elastic body 4, the second-level force-bearing elastic body 7 and the third-level force-bearing elastic body 9 is a spring structure. The spring radius of the second-level stressed elastic body 7 is greater than the spring radius of the first-level stressed elastic body 4. The spring radius of the third-level stressed elastic body 9 is greater than the spring radius of the second-level stressed elastic body 7. Then Concrete is poured into the anchoring section 5 of the screw 1 and the anchoring section 5 is anchored deep inside the expansive soil and rock mass. After the anchoring is completed, the nut 2 is rotated to cause a certain pressure between the pad 3 and the expansive soil and rock mass. At this time, the screw 1 The rod body generates longitudinal tension in cooperation with the thread of the nut 2 and acts on the nut 2, compressing the nut 2 and the backing plate 3 with the expanded soil and rock mass.

When the swelling soil mass is displaced and the amount of displacement is small, the displacement of the swelling soil mass drives the pad 3 in compact contact with it and the screw 1 passing through the pad 3 to undergo a certain displacement and cause the screw 1 to expand in the direction of expansion. The soil and rock are stretched to a certain distance outside the body, and the screw 1 is stretched outward to a certain distance to drive the first-level stressed elastomer 4 to produce elastic deformation within the elastic range and stretch for a certain distance. At this time, the longitudinal tension of the screw 1 is at the previous level. Basically, the elastic force generated by the elastic deformation of the first-stage stressed elastomer 4 is increased, so the pressure between the backing plate 3 and the expansive soil and rock mass can be increased to prevent further displacement of the expansive soil and rock mass.

When the displacement of the expansive soil mass is large, the screw 1 stretches outward to a large distance and drives the first-stage stressed elastic body 4 to produce elastic deformation within the elastic range and stretch a large distance. At this time, the third The first baffle ring 6 fixedly connected to the first-level force-bearing elastic body 4 begins to contact the second baffle ring 8 fixedly connected to the second-level force-bearing elastic body 7 due to the large elastic deformation of the first-level force-bearing elastic body 4. , since the outer diameter of the first blocking ring 6 is smaller than the inner diameter of the second-stage force-bearing elastic body 7, the first blocking ring 6 can move relatively vertically inside the second-stage force-bearing elastic body 7. There is a through hole in the center of the second blocking ring 8. hole and the radius of the through hole is smaller than the outer diameter of the first baffle ring 6 so that when the first baffle ring 6 contacts the second baffle ring 8, it drives the second baffle ring 8 to move together, so when the first baffle ring 6 contacts the second baffle ring 8 and After the second baffle ring 8 is driven to move together, the second-level stressed elastomer 7 is driven by the movement of the second baffle ring 8 to elastically deform within the elastic range and stretches a certain distance. The second-level stressed elastomer 7 elastically deforms. The elastic force generated acts on the first-stage force-bearing elastic body 4 through the contacting first baffle ring 6 and the second baffle ring 8. Therefore, at this time, the longitudinal tensile force of the screw 1 rod increases by the first-stage force on the previous basis. The elastic force generated by the elastic deformation of the force elastic body 4 and the elastic force generated by the elastic deformation of the second-level force-bearing elastic body 7. If the elastic deformation of the second-level force-bearing elastic body 7 is large, the third force on the second-level force-bearing elastic body 7 The second baffle ring 8 will begin to contact the third baffle ring 10 fixedly connected to the third-level force-bearing elastic body 9. It is the same as described above. Since the outer diameter of the second baffle ring 8 is smaller than the inner diameter of the third-level force-bearing elastic body 9, The second baffle ring 8 can move relatively vertically inside the third-stage force-bearing elastic body 9. A through hole is opened in the center of the third baffle ring 10 and the radius of the through hole is smaller than the outer diameter of the second baffle ring 8 so that the second baffle ring 8 contacts The third baffle ring 10 drives the third baffle ring 10 to move together. Therefore, after the second baffle ring 8 contacts the third baffle ring 10 and drives the third baffle ring 10 to move together, the movement of the third baffle ring 10 drives the third baffle ring 10 to move together. The first-stage stressed elastomer 9 produces elastic deformation within the elastic range and stretches a certain distance. The elastic force generated by the elastic deformation of the third-stage stressed elastomer 9 acts on the third stage through the contacting second baffle ring 8 and third baffle ring 10. on the secondary stressed elastomer 7, so at this time, the longitudinal tension of the rod body of screw 1 is increased by the elastic force generated by the elastic deformation of the first-level stressed elastomer 4 and the elastic deformation generated by the second-level stressed elastomer 7. The elastic force and the elastic force generated by the elastic deformation of the third-level force-bearing elastomer 9 can also be sleeved to achieve the purpose of gradually increasing the longitudinal tension of the anchor rod body. In this embodiment, only the third-level force-bearing elasticity is written. Let us take an example to illustrate that after all the multi-stage stressed elastomers have elastic deformation, the longitudinal tension of the screw 1 rod body reaches the maximum value, so that the pressure between the backing plate 3 and the expanding soil mass also reaches the maximum value, which can effectively prevent expansion. The soil, rock and soil mass undergo further displacement.

When the expansive soil loses water and shrinks, since the stressed elastomers at all levels undergo elastic deformation, the stressed elastomers at all levels will shrink and return to the initial state, which will not hinder the expansion soil from shrinking and returning to the initial state.

Claims (4)

1. The self-adaptive anchor rod for the expansive soil slope is characterized by comprising a screw rod (1), wherein a part of the screw rod (1) extending outwards is in threaded fit with a nut (2), a base plate (3) is arranged between the nut (2) and the part of the rock soil body, a through hole matched with the screw rod (1) is formed in the center of the base plate (3), the part of the screw rod (1) extending inwards is fixedly connected with a first-stage stress elastomer (4), the other end of the first-stage stress elastomer (4) is fixedly connected with an anchoring section (5) positioned deep in the rock soil body, the first-stage stress elastomer (4) is of a hollow structure, a first baffle ring (6) is coaxially and fixedly connected to the first-stage stress elastomer (4), and the anchoring section (5) is provided with a multistage stress elastomer structure for gradually improving the anchoring capacity of the anchor rod so as to prevent the rock soil body from being displaced in a large range;

the multistage stress elastic structure comprises a second-stage stress elastic body (7) which is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the anchoring section (5) and is coaxially arranged with the first-stage stress elastic body (4), the second-stage stress elastic body (7) is of a hollow structure, and a second baffle ring (8) is coaxially and fixedly connected to the second-stage stress elastic body (7);

the outer diameter of the first baffle ring (6) is smaller than the inner diameter of the second-stage stressed elastic body (7), so that the first baffle ring (6) can vertically move relatively inside the second-stage stressed elastic body (7), a through hole is formed in the center of the second baffle ring (8), and the radius of the through hole is smaller than that of the first baffle ring (6), so that the first baffle ring (6) can drive the second baffle ring (8) to move together when contacting the second baffle ring (8).

2. The self-adaptive anchor rod for the expansive soil slope according to claim 1, further comprising a third-stage stress elastomer (9) fixedly connected to the upper end face of the anchoring section (5) and coaxially arranged with the second-stage stress elastomer (7), wherein the third-stage stress elastomer (9) is of a hollow structure, and a third baffle ring (10) is coaxially and fixedly connected to the third-stage stress elastomer (9).

3. The self-adaptive anchor rod for the expansive soil slope according to claim 2, wherein the outer diameter of the second baffle ring (8) is smaller than the inner diameter of the third-stage stressed elastic body (9) so that the second baffle ring (8) can move vertically relatively in the third-stage stressed elastic body (9), a through hole is formed in the center of the third baffle ring (10), and the radius of the through hole is smaller than the outer diameter of the second baffle ring (8) so that the second baffle ring (8) drives the third baffle ring (10) to move together when contacting the third baffle ring (10).

4. The self-adaptive anchor rod for the expansive soil slope according to claim 2, wherein the first-stage stress elastomer (4), the second-stage stress elastomer (7) and the third-stage stress elastomer (9) are of spring structures, the spring radius of the second-stage stress elastomer (7) is larger than that of the first-stage stress elastomer (4), and the spring radius of the third-stage stress elastomer (9) is larger than that of the second-stage stress elastomer (7).