CN115332582B - Low-temperature starting control system for fuel cell - Google Patents
Low-temperature starting control system for fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04634—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance
- H01M8/04649—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-temperature starting control system of a fuel cell, belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and solves the problem that low-temperature starting is easy to fail because inconsistency among single sheets in a galvanic pile is not considered in the prior art. The system comprises a galvanic pile, a hydrogen gas inlet regulating and controlling device, an air inlet regulating and controlling device, a purging electromagnetic valve, a pressure regulating valve and a controller. The controller executes a purging program to purge the galvanic pile when the fuel cell is shut down every time, and after purging is finished, all single-cell impedance values in the galvanic pile are obtained to establish an impedance distribution characteristic map; acquiring the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile before the fuel cell is started each time, and evaluating the possibility of successful starting by combining with the impedance distribution characteristic map established during the last shutdown; if the fuel cell can be started successfully, the control parameters of the fuel cell are further adjusted according to the map characteristics to optimize a preset starting strategy, and if not, alarm information is sent. The method realizes the prejudgment and control of the low-temperature starting of the fuel cell, and improves the reliability and the safety of a fuel cell system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a low-temperature starting control system of a fuel cell.
Background
The hydrogen energy fuel cell automobile is a new energy automobile with wide development prospect, and has the advantages of short hydrogenation time, long driving range and the like. The fuel cell system mounted thereon usually includes a stack and peripheral components such as hydrogen, air, and cooling.
The electric pile is composed of proton exchange membrane, catalyst layer, gas diffusion layer, bipolar plate, etc. because the theoretical voltage of 1 battery is 1.23V, high power output is realized by connecting several hundreds of batteries in parallel. In the low-temperature starting process, water in the galvanic pile is easy to freeze, air, hydrogen and other gas transmission paths are blocked, and materials collapse, peeling and the like are caused, so that the reasonable and effective control of the state of the water in the galvanic pile is very important.
In the prior art, when an engine is shut down, purging operation is adopted to take away residual moisture in a galvanic pile. However, as the power of the current fuel cell system is larger and larger, the number of the fuel cells is larger and larger, and the inconsistency among the fuel cells is more and more obvious in the purging process, the inconsistency becomes an important factor causing the low-temperature starting failure.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the embodiment of the present invention is directed to a fuel cell low-temperature start control system, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that the low-temperature start is prone to fail due to inconsistency between individual cells in a stack.
On one hand, the embodiment of the invention provides a fuel cell low-temperature start control system, which comprises a galvanic pile, a hydrogen gas inlet regulating and controlling device, an air inlet regulating and controlling device, a purging electromagnetic valve, a pressure regulating valve and a controller, wherein the hydrogen gas inlet regulating and controlling device is connected with the air inlet regulating and controlling device; wherein,
an air inlet of the galvanic pile is connected with an air inlet regulating and controlling device, an air tail gas outlet is connected with a pressure regulating valve, a hydrogen inlet is connected with a hydrogen inlet regulating and controlling device, and a hydrogen tail gas outlet is connected with a purging electromagnetic valve;
the controller is used for executing a fuel cell purging program to purge the electric pile when the fuel cell is shut down every time, and acquiring all single-chip cell impedance values in the electric pile to establish an impedance distribution characteristic map after purging is finished; acquiring the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile before the fuel cell is started each time, and evaluating the possibility of success of the starting by combining with the impedance distribution characteristic map established during the last shutdown; and if the fuel cell can be started successfully, adjusting each control parameter of the fuel cell according to the impedance distribution characteristic map to optimize a preset starting strategy, otherwise, sending alarm information.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are as follows: the fuel cell low-temperature starting control system establishes an impedance distribution characteristic map by collecting and recording impedance values of all single chips when shutdown purging is finished, evaluates the possibility of successful starting according to temperature information and impedance distribution characteristic map information during next low-temperature starting, and adjusts strategy parameters in the starting process according to the impedance distribution characteristic map, thereby realizing predictive judgment and control of low-temperature starting of the fuel cell system and improving the reliability and safety of the fuel cell system.
Based on the further improvement of the system, the fuel cell low-temperature starting control system also comprises a hydrogen circulating device; wherein,
the input end of the hydrogen circulating device is connected with the hydrogen tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile, the output end of the hydrogen circulating device is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the galvanic pile, and the control end of the hydrogen circulating device is connected with the output end of the controller.
Furthermore, the fuel cell low-temperature starting control system also comprises a cooling liquid regulating and controlling device; wherein,
the input end of the cooling liquid regulating and controlling device is connected with the cooling liquid outlet of the galvanic pile, the output end of the cooling liquid regulating and controlling device is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the galvanic pile, and the control end of the cooling liquid regulating and controlling device is connected with the output end of the controller.
Further, the cooling liquid regulation and control device further comprises a thermostat, a radiator and a water pump; wherein,
the input end of the thermostat is connected with a cooling liquid outlet of the galvanic pile through a water pump, the input end of the thermostat is connected with the cooling liquid outlet of the galvanic pile after sequentially passing through a radiator and the water pump, and the output end of the thermostat is connected with a cooling liquid inlet of the galvanic pile;
the control ends of the radiator, the water pump and the thermostat are respectively connected with the output end of the controller.
Further, the controller further comprises:
the data acquisition unit is used for respectively acquiring the representation parameters of the purging result, the temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile and the impedance values of all the single-chip batteries in the galvanic pile in real time and sending the parameters to the data processing and control unit;
the data processing and control unit is used for executing a fuel cell purging program when the fuel cell is shut down each time so as to purge the galvanic pile, monitoring that purging result characterization parameters fall into a set range in the purging process, finishing purging, and acquiring all single-cell impedance values in the galvanic pile to establish an impedance distribution characteristic map; before the fuel cell is started each time, acquiring the temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile at the current moment, and evaluating the possibility of successful starting by combining with the impedance distribution characteristic map established during the last shutdown; and if the fuel cell can be started successfully, adjusting the control parameters of the fuel cell according to the impedance distribution characteristic map to optimize a preset starting strategy, otherwise, sending alarm information.
Further, the purge result characterizing parameter includes at least one of a monolithic cell voltage (also referred to as a monolithic voltage), an average monolithic cell voltage (also referred to as an average monolithic voltage), a monolithic cell impedance value (also referred to as a monolithic impedance), or an average monolithic cell impedance value (also referred to as an average monolithic impedance) of the stack.
Further, the data acquisition unit further includes:
the electrode of the single-chip voltage inspection device is respectively connected with the output end of each single-chip battery in the electric pile and is used for acquiring the voltage of all the single-chip batteries in the electric pile in real time;
the electrode of the single-chip internal resistance testing device is respectively connected with the output end of each single-chip battery in the electric pile and is used for acquiring the impedance values of all the single-chip batteries in the electric pile in real time;
and the liquid temperature sensor is arranged on the inner wall of a cooling liquid outlet pipeline of the galvanic pile and is used for acquiring the temperature of the galvanic pile cooling liquid in real time.
Further, the data processing and control unit executes the following program:
s1, executing a fuel cell purging program when a fuel cell is shut down every time, starting an air inlet regulation and control device and a purging electromagnetic valve, and adjusting a pressure regulating valve to a set opening degree to purge a galvanic pile;
s2, in the purging process, obtaining the average single-chip cell voltage of the galvanic pile through data collected by the single-chip voltage inspection device, or obtaining the average single-chip cell impedance value of the galvanic pile through data collected by the single-chip internal resistance testing device, and using the average single-chip cell impedance value as a purging result characterization parameter;
s3, monitoring whether the average single-chip cell voltage of the galvanic pile is smaller than a single-chip voltage protection threshold value or not, or monitoring whether the average single-chip cell impedance value of the galvanic pile is larger than a set value or not; if so, ending the purging program (namely purging ending time), and executing the next step; otherwise, continuing purging;
s4, obtaining all single-chip battery impedance values at the purging ending moment, and establishing an impedance distribution characteristic map;
s5, obtaining the temperature of the electric pile cooling liquid at the current moment before each starting of the fuel cellT stack Identifying impedance minima in an impedance distribution profileR min The safety factor representing the state of the fuel cell is obtained by the following formulaΥ
Υ=k×（C-C Rmin ）/（-T stack ）
C Rmin =f（R min ）
In the formula,kin order to test the calibration coefficients for the purpose,Cis the liquid storage volume of the galvanic pile,C Rmin according to impedance minimumR min Calculating the obtained residual water amount;
s6, according to the safety factorΥEvaluating the possibility of success of the fuel cell start-up ifYIf the preset threshold value is exceeded, the starting can be successfully carried out, and the next step is executed, otherwise, alarm information that the low-temperature starting cannot be completed is sent out;
and S7, adjusting control parameters of the fuel cell according to the impedance distribution characteristic map to optimize a preset starting strategy.
Further, the control parameters of the fuel cell include at least one of stack hydrogen pressure, hydrogen circulation pump rotation speed, stack air pressure, water pump rotation speed, and monolithic voltage protection threshold.
Further, the data processing and control unit further executes the following routine to realize the function of adjusting the control parameter of the fuel cell in step S7:
s71, obtaining distribution shape characteristics of impedance values among the single chips according to the impedance distribution characteristic map;
s72, identifying whether the distribution shape characteristics are that the impedance values of the two end single sheets are smaller than that of the middle single sheet, if so, turning down the voltage protection threshold value of the single sheet or starting a heating device arranged at an end plate of the electric pile, heating the electric pile and then starting the fuel cell, otherwise, executing the next step;
and S73, identifying whether the distribution shape characteristics are that the impedance values of the two end single sheets are larger than that of the middle single sheet, and if so, reducing the rotating speed of the water pump in the starting process to maintain the temperature rise rate of the middle single sheet until the fuel cell is started successfully.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. through recording inconsistency information (impedance distribution characteristic map) among single sheets in the galvanic pile at the end of purging, the safety boundary of the next low-temperature starting is estimated in a predictive mode, and the safety boundary is applied to strategy adjustment in the low-temperature starting process, so that the problem that the low-temperature starting is prone to failure is solved.
2. The control parameters of the fuel cell are adjusted through the impedance distribution characteristic map so as to optimize the preset starting strategy, the successful probability of low-temperature starting is greatly improved, and the quick starting is realized.
3. The structure of the existing hydrogen fuel cell system does not need to be changed, and the starting prejudgment and control can be realized only by changing a control program, so that the use reliability and safety of the fuel cell system are improved.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the disclosure.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the disclosure as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of a fuel cell low-temperature start-up control system according to example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the composition of a fuel cell low-temperature start-up control system according to embodiment 2;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit connection of a fuel cell low-temperature start control system in accordance with embodiment 2;
fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a fuel cell low temperature start control strategy according to embodiment 2.
Reference numerals are as follows:
1-a control valve; 2-a hydrogen gas circulation device; 3-purging the electromagnetic valve; 4-electric pile; 5-pressure regulating valve; 6, an air compressor; 7-a water pump; 8-a radiator; 9-a thermostat; 10-single chip internal resistance testing device.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The term "include" and variations thereof as used herein is meant to be inclusive in an open-ended manner, i.e., "including but not limited to". Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term "or" means "and/or". The term "based on" means "based at least in part on". The terms "one example embodiment" and "one embodiment" mean "at least one example embodiment". The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". The terms "first," "second," and the like may refer to different or the same objects. Other explicit and implicit definitions are also possible below.
Example 1
An embodiment of the present invention discloses a fuel cell low-temperature start control system, as shown in fig. 1, including a stack, a hydrogen inlet regulation device, an air inlet regulation device, a purge solenoid valve, a pressure regulating valve, and a controller.
Wherein, the air inlet of the galvanic pile is connected with an air inlet regulating and controlling device, the air tail gas outlet is connected with a pressure regulating valve, the hydrogen inlet is connected with a hydrogen inlet regulating and controlling device, and the hydrogen tail gas outlet is connected with a purging electromagnetic valve.
The controller is used for executing a fuel cell purging program to purge the galvanic pile when the fuel cell is shut down every time, and acquiring all single-chip cell impedance values in the galvanic pile after purging to establish an impedance distribution characteristic map; and acquiring the real-time temperature of the stack before each start of the fuel cell, and evaluating the possibility of success of the start by combining with an impedance distribution characteristic map (namely a data characteristic map of impedance, wherein the impedance distribution characteristic includes concentration, dispersion, distribution shape and the like of impedance values between single sheets, for example, see patent CN201410166135.5 and the distribution shape map in embodiment 2) established at the last shutdown; and if the fuel cell can be started successfully, adjusting various control parameters (control parameters of the hydrogen inlet regulating device, the air inlet regulating device, the purging electromagnetic valve and the pressure regulating valve) of the fuel cell according to the impedance distribution characteristic map to optimize a preset starting strategy (namely, optimizing the control parameters in the original starting strategy of the fuel cell), otherwise, sending alarm information (namely, low-temperature starting cannot be completed, and the forced starting can cause damage of the fuel cell and needs to be processed by maintenance personnel).
The fuel cell low-temperature start control system is suitable for any existing hydrogen fuel cell system. In a hydrogen fuel cell system, a stack usually includes hundreds of single cells, and the impedance value of each single cell can be obtained by a single internal resistance testing device (see patent CN 200720300507.4), or obtained by combining a single voltage inspection device with a single ac impedance calculation method.
During implementation, the inconsistency information among the single cells of the galvanic pile at the end of purging is recorded through the impedance distribution characteristic map, the success probability of low-temperature starting can be predicted by combining the temperature information during starting, if the probability is high, the original preset starting strategy is further adjusted, the success probability of starting is further improved, the problem that low-temperature starting is prone to failure is solved, and if the probability is low, alarm information is sent out.
Compared with the prior art, the fuel cell low-temperature start control system provided by the embodiment establishes the impedance distribution characteristic map by collecting and recording the impedance values of all single chips after shutdown purging is finished, evaluates the possibility of successful start according to the temperature information and the impedance distribution characteristic map information during the next low-temperature start, and adjusts the strategy parameters in the start process according to the impedance distribution characteristic map, so that the predictive judgment and control of the low-temperature start of the fuel cell system are realized, and the reliability and the safety of the fuel cell system are improved.
Example 2
The improvement is made on the basis of embodiment 1, and the fuel cell low-temperature start control system further comprises a hydrogen circulation device, as shown in fig. 2 to 3.
The input end of the hydrogen circulating device is connected with the hydrogen tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile, the output end of the hydrogen circulating device is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the galvanic pile, and the control end of the hydrogen circulating device is connected with the output end of the controller and used for saving the consumption of hydrogen.
Preferably, the fuel cell low-temperature starting control system further comprises a cooling liquid regulation and control device. The input end of the cooling liquid regulating and controlling device is connected with the cooling liquid outlet of the galvanic pile, the output end of the cooling liquid regulating and controlling device is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the galvanic pile, and the control end of the cooling liquid regulating and controlling device is connected with the output end of the controller so as to regulate the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile.
Preferably, the cooling liquid regulation and control device further comprises a thermostat, a radiator and a water pump.
Wherein, the input end of the thermostat is connected with the coolant outlet of the galvanic pile through the water pump, the input end of the thermostat is connected with the coolant outlet of the galvanic pile after sequentially passing through the radiator and the water pump, and the output end of the thermostat is connected with the coolant inlet of the galvanic pile.
The control ends of the radiator, the water pump and the thermostat are respectively connected with the output end of the controller.
Preferably, the controller further comprises a data acquisition unit and a data processing and control unit which are connected in sequence.
And the data acquisition unit is used for respectively acquiring the characteristic parameters of the purging result, the temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile and the impedance values of all the single-chip batteries in the galvanic pile in real time and sending the parameters to the data processing and control unit.
The data processing and control unit is used for executing a fuel cell purging program when the fuel cell is shut down each time so as to purge the galvanic pile, monitoring purging result characterization parameters acquired by the data acquisition unit in the purging process, if the parameters fall into a set range, ending purging, acquiring all single-cell impedance values in the galvanic pile and establishing an impedance distribution characteristic map; before the fuel cell is started every time, acquiring the temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile at the current moment (as the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile, or replacing the temperature by the ambient temperature), and evaluating the possibility of successful starting by combining an impedance distribution characteristic map (characteristics such as concentration, dispersion and distribution shape of impedance values among single sheets) established during the last shutdown; and if the fuel cell can be started successfully, adjusting the control parameters of the fuel cell according to the impedance distribution characteristic map to optimize a preset starting strategy, otherwise, sending out alarm information.
Preferably, when the characteristic parameter of the purging result is the average single cell voltage of the stack, if the average single cell voltage of the stack is less than 0.6V, the purging is ended, otherwise, the purging is continued.
Preferably, when the characteristic parameter of the purging result is the average single-cell impedance value, if the average single-cell impedance value of the stack is greater than 1m Ω, the purging is ended, otherwise, the purging is continued.
The purge result characteristic parameter may also be a single cell voltage and a single cell impedance value of the stack, which are not listed here and can be understood by those skilled in the art.
Preferably, the data acquisition unit further comprises a single-chip voltage inspection device, a single-chip internal resistance testing device, a liquid temperature sensor, an environment temperature sensor, and an air pressure sensor and a temperature sensor which are arranged at each port.
And the electrodes of the single-chip voltage inspection device are respectively connected with the output end of each single-chip battery in the electric pile and used for acquiring the voltage of all the single-chip batteries in the electric pile in real time.
And the electrodes of the single-chip internal resistance testing device are respectively connected with the output end of each single-chip battery in the electric pile and are used for acquiring the impedance values of all the single-chip batteries in the electric pile in real time.
And the liquid temperature sensor is arranged on the inner wall of a cooling liquid outlet pipeline of the galvanic pile and is used for acquiring the temperature of the galvanic pile cooling liquid in real time.
And the ambient temperature sensor is arranged in the cabin where the fuel cell system is positioned, and the output end of the ambient temperature sensor is connected with the input end of the controller.
Preferably, the data processing and control unit has a display module, and real-time data acquired by the sensor is displayed on a display screen of the display module.
Preferably, the data processing and control unit executes the following program:
s1, executing a fuel cell purging program when a fuel cell is shut down every time, starting an air inlet regulation and control device and a purging electromagnetic valve, and adjusting a pressure regulating valve to a set opening degree to purge a galvanic pile; specifically, the water inside the pile can be blown out of the system under the condition of low current, and the high air side flow and the high hydrogen side blow-off solenoid valve opening frequency are kept.
And S2, in the purging process, obtaining the average single-chip cell voltage of the electric pile through data collected by the single-chip voltage inspection device, or obtaining the average single-chip cell impedance value of the electric pile through data collected by the single-chip internal resistance testing device, and using the average single-chip cell impedance value as a purging result characterization parameter.
S3, monitoring whether the average single-chip cell voltage of the electric pile is smaller than a single-chip voltage protection threshold value (such as 0.6V) or whether the average single-chip cell impedance value of the electric pile is larger than a set value (such as 1m omega); if yes, ending the purging program and executing the next step; otherwise, the purge is continued.
And S4, acquiring impedance values of all the single-chip batteries at the purging ending moment, establishing an impedance distribution characteristic map, storing the impedance distribution characteristic map into a controller or uploading the impedance distribution characteristic map to a cloud data platform, and then closing the fuel battery and a finished automobile power supply system.
S5, obtaining the temperature of the galvanic pile cooling liquid at the current moment before each starting of the fuel cellT stack Identifying the minimum impedance value in the characteristic spectrum of the impedance distribution as the real-time temperature of the galvanic pileR min The safety factor representing the state of the fuel cell is obtained by the following formulaΥ，
Υ=k×（C-C Rmin ）/（-T stack ）
C Rmin =f（R min ）
In the formula,kin order to test the calibration coefficients for the purpose,Cis the liquid storage volume of the galvanic pile and is obtained by a membrane electrode constant current experiment,C Rmin according to impedance minimumR min The calculated residual water amount can be obtained by laboratory calibration.
Specifically, after the fuel cell is stored for a long time after shutdown, due to the fact that the temperature in winter is low, the temperature of the fuel cell may be reduced to be lower than 0 ℃, and the like, and then the safe margin for successful low-temperature startup is calculated according to the temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile at the time of startup, the impedance distribution characteristic diagram recorded when the fuel cell is shut down last time and the water storage capacity of the characteristic parameter of the galvanic pileΥ。
S6, according to the safety factorΥEvaluating the possibility of success of the fuel cell start-up ifYAnd if the low-temperature start-up time exceeds a set threshold value, judging that the low-temperature start-up can be successfully carried out, executing the next step, otherwise, sending out alarm information which cannot complete the low-temperature start-up, forbidding start-up, and informing maintenance personnel that the galvanic pile is possibly damaged if the low-temperature start-up time is up.
Specifically, the threshold may be set according to actual conditions, and may be, for example, 1.5, or a value that varies with the operation time, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.
And S7, adjusting control parameters of the fuel cell according to the impedance distribution characteristic map to optimize a preset starting strategy.
The basic control strategy of the data processing and control unit is shown in fig. 4.
Preferably, the control parameter of the fuel cell is at least one of a hydrogen inlet regulation and control device, an air inlet regulation and control device and a coolant regulation and control device, and comprises stack hydrogen pressure, hydrogen circulating pump rotating speed, stack air pressure, water pump rotating speed, single-chip voltage protection threshold value and the like.
Preferably, the data processing and control unit further executes the following routine to realize the function of adjusting the control parameter of the fuel cell in step S7:
s71, obtaining distribution shape characteristics of impedance values among the single chips according to the impedance distribution characteristic map; the distribution characteristics refer to the characteristics of concentration, dispersion, shape and the like of impedance values between single sheets;
s72, identifying whether the distribution shape characteristics are that the impedance values of the single sheets at the two ends are smaller than that of the middle single sheet, if so, reducing the voltage protection threshold of the single sheets (the voltage of the single sheet battery is smaller than 0.6V, and the shutdown is adjusted to be smaller than 0.3V) or starting a heating device arranged at an end plate of the stack, heating the stack in advance and then starting the fuel battery, otherwise, executing the next step;
and S73, identifying whether the distribution shape characteristics are that the impedance values of the two end single sheets are larger than that of the middle single sheet, and if so, reducing the rotating speed of a water pump in a cooling liquid circulation loop in the starting process to maintain the higher temperature rise rate of the middle single sheet until the fuel cell is started successfully.
The data processing and control unit can also adjust the corresponding strategy according to different impedance distribution characteristics, and is not limited to the control content described above.
Preferably, the hydrogen gas inlet device comprises a high-pressure hydrogen bottle, a control valve and the like which are connected in sequence. An ejector, a hydrogen sprayer and the like can also be arranged according to requirements.
Preferably, the air intake device comprises an air filter, an air compressor and the like which are connected in sequence. A humidifier, an intercooler and the like can also be arranged as required. Air cleaner locates the inlet end of air compressor machine.
Compared with the prior art, the fuel cell low-temperature starting control system of the embodiment has the following beneficial effects:
1. through recording inconsistency information (impedance distribution characteristic map) among single sheets in the galvanic pile at the end of purging, a safety boundary of next low-temperature starting is estimated in a predictive mode, and the safety boundary is applied to strategy adjustment in the low-temperature starting process, so that the problem that the low-temperature starting is prone to failure is solved.
2. The control parameters of the fuel cell are adjusted through the impedance distribution characteristic map so as to optimize the preset starting strategy, the success probability of low-temperature starting is greatly improved, and quick starting is realized.
3. The structure of the existing hydrogen fuel cell system does not need to be changed, and the starting prejudgment and control can be realized only by changing the control program, so that the use reliability and safety of the fuel cell system are improved.
4. Through the various sensors, the starting state of the galvanic pile can be monitored effectively in real time, and the user experience is enhanced.
Having described embodiments of the present disclosure, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements over the prior art, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell low-temperature start control system is characterized by comprising a galvanic pile, a hydrogen gas inlet regulating and controlling device, an air inlet regulating and controlling device, a purging electromagnetic valve, a pressure regulating valve and a controller;
an air inlet of the galvanic pile is connected with an air inlet regulating and controlling device, an air tail gas outlet is connected with a pressure regulating valve, a hydrogen inlet is connected with a hydrogen inlet regulating and controlling device, and a hydrogen tail gas outlet is connected with a purging electromagnetic valve;
the controller is used for executing a fuel cell purging program to purge the electric pile when the fuel cell is shut down every time, and acquiring all single-chip cell impedance values in the electric pile to establish an impedance distribution characteristic map after purging is finished; acquiring the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile before the fuel cell is started each time, and evaluating the possibility of success of the starting by combining with the impedance distribution characteristic map established during the last shutdown; if the fuel cell can be started successfully, adjusting each control parameter of the fuel cell according to the impedance distribution characteristic map to optimize a preset starting strategy, otherwise, sending alarm information; and,
the controller executes the following program to complete the functions of acquiring the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile before each start of the fuel cell and evaluating the success possibility of the start by combining the impedance distribution characteristic map established during the last shutdown:
obtaining the temperature of the cooling liquid of the electric pile at the current moment before each start of the fuel cellT stack Identifying the minimum value of impedance in the characteristic map of impedance distribution established at last shutdownR min Disclosure of the inventionObtaining the safety coefficient representing the state of the fuel cell by the following formulaΥ
Υ=k×（C-C Rmin ）/（-T stack ）
C Rmin =f（R min ）
In the formula,kin order to test the calibration coefficients for the purpose,Cis the liquid storage volume of the galvanic pile,C Rmin according to minimum value of impedanceR min Calculating the obtained residual water amount;
according to the above safety factorΥEvaluating the likelihood of successful start-up of the fuel cell ifYAnd if the low-temperature starting time exceeds the set threshold, judging that the low-temperature starting can be successfully started, otherwise, sending alarm information that the low-temperature starting cannot be completed.
2. The fuel cell low-temperature start-up control system according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a hydrogen gas circulation device; wherein,
the input end of the hydrogen circulating device is connected with the hydrogen tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile, the output end of the hydrogen circulating device is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the galvanic pile, and the control end of the hydrogen circulating device is connected with the output end of the controller.
3. The fuel cell low-temperature start-up control system according to claim 2, characterized by further comprising a coolant regulating device; wherein,
the input end of the cooling liquid regulating and controlling device is connected with the cooling liquid outlet of the galvanic pile, the output end of the cooling liquid regulating and controlling device is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the galvanic pile, and the control end of the cooling liquid regulating and controlling device is connected with the output end of the controller.
4. The fuel cell low-temperature start-up control system according to claim 3, wherein the coolant regulating device further comprises a thermostat, a radiator, a water pump; wherein,
the input end of the thermostat is connected with a cooling liquid outlet of the electric pile through a water pump, the input end of the thermostat is sequentially connected with the cooling liquid outlet of the electric pile after passing through a radiator and the water pump, and the output end of the thermostat is connected with a cooling liquid inlet of the electric pile;
the control ends of the radiator, the water pump and the thermostat are respectively connected with the output end of the controller.
5. The fuel cell low-temperature start-up control system according to claim 4, wherein the controller further comprises:
the data acquisition unit is used for respectively acquiring the representation parameters of the purging result, the temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile and the impedance values of all the single-chip batteries in the galvanic pile in real time and sending the parameters to the data processing and control unit;
the data processing and control unit is used for executing a fuel cell purging program when the fuel cell is shut down each time so as to purge the galvanic pile, monitoring that purging result characterization parameters fall into a set range in the purging process, finishing purging, and acquiring all single-cell impedance values in the galvanic pile to establish an impedance distribution characteristic map; before the fuel cell is started each time, acquiring the temperature of the galvanic pile cooling liquid at the current moment, and evaluating the possibility of successful starting by combining with the impedance distribution characteristic map established during the last shutdown; and if the fuel cell can be started successfully, adjusting the control parameters of the fuel cell according to the impedance distribution characteristic map to optimize a preset starting strategy, otherwise, sending alarm information.
6. The fuel cell low-temperature start-up control system according to claim 5, wherein the purge result characterizing parameter includes at least one of a single cell voltage, an average single cell voltage, a single cell impedance value, or an average single cell impedance value of the stack.
7. The fuel cell low-temperature start-up control system according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the data acquisition unit further includes:
the electrode of the single-chip voltage inspection device is respectively connected with the output end of each single-chip battery in the electric pile and used for acquiring the voltage of all the single-chip batteries in the electric pile in real time;
the electrode of the single-chip internal resistance testing device is respectively connected with the output end of each single-chip battery in the electric pile and is used for acquiring the impedance values of all the single-chip batteries in the electric pile in real time;
and the liquid temperature sensor is arranged on the inner wall of a cooling liquid outlet pipeline of the galvanic pile and is used for acquiring the temperature of the galvanic pile cooling liquid in real time.
8. The fuel cell low-temperature start-up control system according to claim 7, characterized in that the data processing and control unit executes the following program:
s1, executing a fuel cell purging program when a fuel cell is shut down every time, starting an air inlet regulation and control device and a purging electromagnetic valve, and adjusting a pressure regulating valve to a set opening degree to purge a galvanic pile;
s2, in the purging process, obtaining the average single-chip cell voltage of the galvanic pile through data collected by the single-chip voltage inspection device, or obtaining the average single-chip cell impedance value of the galvanic pile through data collected by the single-chip internal resistance testing device, and using the average single-chip cell impedance value as a purging result characterization parameter;
s3, monitoring whether the average single-chip cell voltage of the galvanic pile is smaller than a single-chip voltage protection threshold value or not, or monitoring whether the average single-chip cell impedance value of the galvanic pile is larger than a set value or not; if so, ending the purging program and executing the next step; otherwise, continuing purging;
s4, obtaining all single-chip battery impedance values at the purging ending moment, and establishing an impedance distribution characteristic map;
s5, obtaining the temperature of the electric pile cooling liquid at the current moment before each starting of the fuel cellT stack Identifying impedance minima in an impedance distribution profileR min The safety factor representing the state of the fuel cell is obtained by the following formulaΥ
Υ=k×（C-C Rmin ）/（-T stack ）
C Rmin =f（R min ）
In the formula,kin order to test the calibration factor for the test,Cis the liquid storage volume of the galvanic pile,C Rmin according to impedance minimumR min Calculating the obtained residual water amount;
s6, according to the safety factorΥEvaluating the possibility of success of the fuel cell start-up ifYIf the low-temperature starting time exceeds the set threshold, judging that the low-temperature starting can be successfully started, and executing the next step, otherwise, sending out alarm information that the low-temperature starting cannot be completed;
and S7, adjusting control parameters of the fuel cell according to the impedance distribution characteristic map to optimize a preset starting strategy.
9. The fuel cell low-temperature start-up control system according to any one of claims 5, 6 and 8, wherein the control parameter of the fuel cell includes at least one of stack hydrogen pressure, hydrogen circulation pump rotation speed, stack air pressure, water pump rotation speed and single chip voltage protection threshold.
10. The fuel cell low-temperature start-up control system according to claim 8, wherein the data processing and control unit further executes the following routine to realize the function of adjusting the control parameter of the fuel cell in step S7:
s71, obtaining distribution shape characteristics of impedance values among the single chips according to the impedance distribution characteristic map;
s72, identifying whether the distribution shape characteristics are that the impedance values of the two end single sheets are smaller than that of the middle single sheet, if so, turning down the voltage protection threshold value of the single sheet or starting a heating device arranged at an end plate of the electric pile, heating the electric pile and then starting the fuel cell, otherwise, executing the next step;
and S73, identifying whether the distribution shape characteristics are that the impedance values of the two end single sheets are larger than that of the middle single sheet, and if so, reducing the rotating speed of the water pump in the starting process to maintain the temperature rise rate of the middle single sheet until the fuel cell is started successfully.
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