CN115332570B - Fuel cell air control method, controller, system and vehicle - Google Patents
Fuel cell air control method, controller, system and vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04776—Pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
本发明提供一种燃料电池空气控制方法、控制器、系统及车辆，方法包括：获取高压瓶组的第一实际压力及中冷器的需求压力；基于第一实际压力及需求压力选择性地控制第一通道或第二通道连通，为中冷器提供气体；其中，第一通道上依次设置有空压机、控制阀、低压瓶组、高压瓶组及中冷器；第二通道上依次设置有所述空压机、所述控制阀及所述中冷器；如此，当高压瓶组内的气体压力足够的话，可直接利用高压瓶组内的气体为燃料电池电堆提供所需气体，这样空压机只需要在低功耗区域运转，减小空压机在高功耗区域的工作时长，进而节省电力，提高系统效率；并且当利用高压瓶组为中冷气供气时，也可降低空压机发生喘振的概率，提高空压机寿命。
The present invention provides a fuel cell air control method, controller, system and vehicle, the method comprising: obtaining a first actual pressure of a high-pressure bottle group and a required pressure of an intercooler; selectively controlling the connection of a first channel or a second channel based on the first actual pressure and the required pressure to provide gas for the intercooler; wherein an air compressor, a control valve, a low-pressure bottle group, a high-pressure bottle group and an intercooler are sequentially arranged on the first channel; the air compressor, the control valve and the intercooler are sequentially arranged on the second channel; in this way, when the gas pressure in the high-pressure bottle group is sufficient, the gas in the high-pressure bottle group can be directly used to provide the required gas for the fuel cell stack, so that the air compressor only needs to operate in a low power consumption area, reducing the working time of the air compressor in a high power consumption area, thereby saving electricity and improving system efficiency; and when the high-pressure bottle group is used to supply air to the intercooler, the probability of surge in the air compressor can also be reduced, thereby increasing the life of the air compressor.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of fuel cell technologies, and in particular, to a fuel cell air control method, a controller, a system, and a vehicle.
Background
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a novel power supply device with high energy density, high energy conversion rate and environmental protection, generates water and generates electricity after the oxidation-reduction reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and has the advantages of low working temperature, high starting speed, high working efficiency, convenient operation and the like. Therefore, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell has considerable market prospect in the field of new energy automobiles.
In high power fuel cells, a common air compressor is a centrifugal air bearing air compressor. The air compressor has the advantages of wide working range, low noise, no oil and the like, but the energy consumption of the air compressor of the centrifugal air bearing air compressor is not linear along with the system power, and the power consumption starts to rise sharply along with the increase of the system power. Taking a common energy consumption of an air compressor as an example, referring to fig. 1, the system 100kw is the power consumption of the air compressor 14kw, but the system 200kw is not 28kw but is more than 40kw.
Therefore, how to effectively reduce the power consumption of the air compressor and further improve the efficiency of the fuel cell system is a technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a fuel cell air control method, a controller, a system and a vehicle, which are used for solving or partially solving the technical problems of the prior art that the efficiency of a fuel cell system is reduced due to larger air consumption in the fuel cell system.
In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell air control method comprising:
acquiring a first actual pressure of a high-pressure bottle group and a required pressure of an intercooler;
selectively controlling communication between a first passage and a second passage based on the first actual pressure and the demand pressure to provide gas to the intercooler,
The first channel is sequentially provided with an air compressor, a control valve, a low-pressure bottle group, a high-pressure bottle group and an intercooler, and the second channel is sequentially provided with the air compressor, the control valve and the intercooler.
In the above scheme, the acquiring the required pressure of the intercooler includes:
Determining a target fuel cell stacking pressure and a target fuel cell stacking flow required by the fuel cell based on the received power request;
determining a pressure loss value of the intercooler based on the target pile-up flow;
And determining the demand pressure of the intercooler based on the pressure loss value and the target stack inlet pressure, wherein the demand pressure is the sum of the pressure of the target stack inlet pressure and the pressure loss value.
In the above scheme, the determining the pressure loss value of the intercooler based on the target pile-up flow rate includes:
Inquiring a corresponding pressure loss value in a preset first mapping table based on the target stacking flow, wherein the corresponding relation between the stacking flow and the pressure loss value is prestored in the first mapping table.
In the above aspect, the selectively controlling the communication between the first channel and the second channel based on the first actual pressure and the demand pressure includes:
And if the first actual pressure is determined to be greater than the required pressure, controlling the first channel to be communicated and controlling the second channel to be closed by using the electromagnetic three-way valve, and providing gas for the intercooler by using the high-pressure bottle group.
In the above scheme, the supplying gas to the intercooler by using the high-pressure bottle group includes:
regulating the opening degree of the pressure reducing valve and the opening degree of the back pressure valve based on the required pressure of the medium-temperature air and the target flow rate of the fuel cell stack;
Controlling the opening of the bypass valve to be zero and controlling the opening of the stop valve to be maximum,
The pressure reducing valve is positioned between the intercooler and the high-pressure bottle group, the back pressure valve is positioned at the outlet of the fuel cell stack, the bypass valve is positioned at the outlet of the intercooler, and the stop valve is positioned at the inlet of the fuel cell stack.
In the above scheme, the method further comprises:
when the high-pressure bottle group is used for providing gas for the intercooler, the second actual pressure and the actual flow of the intercooler outlet are collected in real time;
And adjusting the opening of the pressure reducing valve and the opening of the back pressure valve based on the second actual pressure, the actual flow, the target pile inlet pressure and the target pile inlet flow.
In the above aspect, the selectively controlling the communication between the first channel and the second channel based on the first actual pressure and the demand pressure includes:
And if the first actual pressure is less than or equal to the required pressure, controlling the second channel to be communicated and controlling the first channel to be closed by using the electromagnetic three-way valve so as to provide gas for the intercooler by using the air compressor.
In the above scheme, the air compressor is used for providing air for the intercooler, and the method includes:
Determining a pressure ratio according to the required pressure of the intercooler and the inlet pressure of the air compressor;
searching a minimum flow which can be provided by the air compressor under the pressure ratio in a second mapping table, wherein the second mapping table is a surge protection mapping table of the air compressor, and the second mapping table is pre-stored with a corresponding relation between the pressure ratio and the flow which can be provided by the air compressor;
If the target pile-up flow rate required by the fuel cell is greater than or equal to the minimum flow rate, adjusting the rotating speed of the air compressor and the opening degree of the back pressure valve based on the target pile-up flow rate and the target pile-up pressure;
controlling the opening of the bypass valve to be zero, controlling the opening of the stop valve to be maximum and closing the electromagnetic pressure reducing valve, wherein,
The electromagnetic pressure reducing valve is positioned between the intercooler and the high-pressure bottle group, the back pressure valve is positioned at the outlet of the fuel cell stack, the bypass valve is positioned at the outlet of the intercooler, and the stop valve is positioned at the inlet of the fuel cell stack.
In the above scheme, the method further comprises:
If the target stacking flow required by the fuel cell is smaller than the minimum flow, adjusting the rotating speed of the air compressor and the opening of the back pressure valve based on the minimum flow and the target stacking pressure;
Acquiring a flow difference value between the minimum flow and the target pile-in flow, and adjusting the opening of the bypass valve based on the flow difference value;
And controlling the opening of the stop valve to be maximum and controlling the electromagnetic pressure reducing valve to be closed.
In the above scheme, the method further comprises:
separating air at the outlet of the fuel cell stack by using a gas-liquid separator to obtain dry air;
and the pressure booster is arranged between the low-pressure bottle group and the high-pressure bottle group.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell air controller, the controller comprising:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the first actual pressure of the high-pressure bottle group and the required pressure of the intercooler;
a control unit for selectively controlling communication of the first passage or the second passage based on the first actual pressure and the demand pressure to supply gas to the intercooler,
The first channel is sequentially provided with an air compressor, a control valve, a low-pressure bottle group, a high-pressure bottle group and an intercooler, and the second channel is sequentially provided with the air compressor, the control valve and the intercooler.
In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell air control system comprising:
The air compressor is sequentially communicated with the low-pressure bottle group, the high-pressure bottle group and the intercooler through the first channel, and is also directly communicated with the intercooler through the second channel;
And the controller is used for acquiring the first actual pressure in the high-pressure bottle group and the required pressure of the intercooler, selectively controlling the first channel or the second channel to be communicated based on the first actual pressure and the required pressure, and providing gas for the intercooler.
In the above scheme, the system further comprises:
a booster located on the first channel, the booster being mounted between the low pressure bottle set and the high pressure bottle set;
the inlet of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the first outlet of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the supercharger;
the gas-liquid separator is used for separating air at the outlet of the fuel cell stack and conveying the separated dry air to the supercharger through the first outlet.
In the scheme, the system also comprises a bypass valve;
When the target stacking flow required by the fuel cell is smaller than the minimum flow which can be provided by the air compressor, the bypass valve is used for discharging the residual flow, and the residual flow is the flow difference between the minimum flow and the target stacking flow.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle including the fuel cell air controller of the second aspect or the fuel cell air system of any one of the third aspect.
The invention provides an air control method, a controller, a system and a vehicle of a fuel cell, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining first actual pressure of a high-pressure bottle group and required pressure of an intercooler, selectively controlling communication of a first channel or a second channel based on the first actual pressure and the required pressure to provide gas for the intercooler, wherein an air compressor, a control valve, the low-pressure bottle group, the high-pressure bottle group and the intercooler are sequentially arranged on the first channel, the air compressor, the control valve and the intercooler are sequentially arranged on the second channel, and therefore when the gas pressure in the high-pressure bottle group is enough, the gas in the high-pressure bottle group can be directly used for providing the required gas for a fuel cell stack, and therefore the air compressor only needs to operate in a low-power consumption area, the working time of the air compressor in the high-power consumption area is reduced, the electric power is further saved, the system efficiency is improved, and when the high-pressure bottle group is used for supplying the intercooling gas, the probability of surging of the air compressor is also reduced, and the service life of the air compressor is prolonged.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures.
In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a power consumption diagram of an air compressor according to the prior art as a function of a system;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a fuel cell air control system according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic flow diagram of a fuel cell air control method according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates a logical schematic diagram of a fuel cell air control method according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 illustrates surge protection lines in an air compressor map characteristic map according to one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a fuel cell controller according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-air filter, 2-air compressor, 3-electromagnetic three-way valve, 4-low pressure bottle group, 5-booster, 6-one-way valve, 7-high pressure bottle group, 8-electromagnetic pressure reducing valve, 9-intercooler, 10-bypass valve, 11-back pressure valve, 12-gas-liquid separator, 13-stop valve, T-air flowmeter, 14-tail discharge equipment, 15-safety valve, 16-controller and Stack-fuel cell Stack.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
In order to better understand the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the structure of the fuel cell air control system is first introduced, as shown in fig. 2, the system comprises an air filter 1, an air compressor 2, an electromagnetic three-way valve 3, a low-pressure bottle group 4, a booster 5, a one-way valve 6, a high-pressure bottle group 7, an electromagnetic pressure reducing valve 8, an intercooler 9, a bypass valve 10, a back pressure valve 11, a gas-liquid separator 12, a stop valve 13, an air flowmeter T, a tail discharge device 14 and a safety valve 15, wherein,
The air filter 1 is used for filtering and adsorbing air so that the quality of the air entering the fuel cell stack meets the use requirement of the fuel cell stack.
The air compressor 2 is connected with the air filter 1, and the air compressor 2 is used for pressurizing air to the pressure required by the electric pile.
The electromagnetic three-way valve 3 has a structure of an inlet and two outlets, and the outlets can be switched according to the requirements.
The low-pressure bottle group 4 is used for storing gas at the outlet of the air compressor 2, and has the functions of buffering and storing the gas. In general, the pressure in the low-pressure bottle group 4 is less than 200KPa, which can be determined based on the actual characteristics of the fuel cell system, without limitation.
The supercharger 5 is a turbocharger for recovering energy, and the dry gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 12 through the Stack outlet of the fuel cell Stack pushes the turbine of the supercharger 5 to rotate, so as to boost the gas output by the low-pressure bottle group 4 and convey the boosted gas to the high-pressure bottle group 7. The pressure of the high-pressure bottle group 7 should be less than 1000KPa, and may be determined based on the actual characteristics of the fuel cell system without limitation.
A one-way valve 6 is also arranged between the supercharger 5 and the high-pressure bottle group 7, the one-way valve 6 is a mechanical valve, gas can only flow in one direction in the one-way valve 6 and cannot flow in the opposite direction, and the one-way valve 6 is mainly used for preventing the gas in the high-pressure bottle group 7 from flowing back to the low-pressure bottle group 4.
The high-pressure bottle group 7 is used for storing the pressurized gas, and the safety valve 15 is arranged on the high-pressure bottle group 7, so that the gas pressure in the high-pressure bottle group 7 is ensured to be within a certain range. The safety valve 15 is a mechanical valve, and in practical application, the gas pressure in the high-pressure bottle group 7 can be further adjusted by adjusting the tripping pressure (the pressure of opening the valve) of the safety valve 15. When the valve is closed, no gas flows in the safety valve 15, and when the safety valve 15 is opened, the gas in the high-pressure bottle group 7 can be rapidly discharged, so that the safety is ensured. The maximum pressure in the high-pressure bottle group 7 is consistent with the tripping pressure of the safety valve 15.
The electromagnetic relief valve 8 is an electrically controlled valve that can regulate the flow of gas and its pressure to provide a target in-stack pressure and a target in-stack flow that meet fuel cell stack requirements.
The bypass valve 10 is installed at the outlet of the intercooler 9, and when the target stacking flow required by the fuel cell is smaller than the minimum flow that the air compressor 2 can provide, the bypass valve 10 is used for discharging the residual flow, and the residual flow is the flow difference between the minimum flow and the target stacking flow.
A back pressure valve 11 is installed at the outlet of the fuel cell stack for regulating the pressure and flow rate of the in-stack air in real time.
The shut-off valve 13 is used to seal the fuel cell stack at system shut-down.
The inlet of the gas-liquid separator 12 is communicated with the outlet of the fuel cell stack, the first outlet of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the supercharger 5, the gas-liquid separator 12 is used for separating wet air at the outlet of the fuel cell stack, and delivering the separated dry air to the supercharger 5 for supercharging through the first outlet so as to recycle energy, and the separated water is discharged to the tail discharge device 14 through the second outlet.
The tail discharge device 14 discharges exhaust gas and water.
In the embodiment, a first temperature pressure sensor T/P1 is arranged at an inlet of an air compressor 2, the first temperature pressure sensor T/P1 is used for collecting temperature and pressure at the inlet of the air compressor 2, a second temperature pressure sensor T/P2 is arranged at a low-pressure bottle group 4, the second temperature pressure sensor T/P2 is used for collecting gas pressure and temperature in the low-pressure bottle group 4, a third temperature pressure sensor T/P3 is arranged at a high-pressure bottle group 7, the third temperature pressure sensor T/P3 is used for collecting pressure and temperature in the high-pressure bottle group 7, a fourth temperature pressure sensor T/P4 and an air flowmeter T are sequentially arranged at an outlet of an intercooler 9, the fourth temperature pressure sensor T/P4 is used for collecting gas pressure and temperature at the outlet of the intercooler 9, and the air flowmeter T is used for collecting air flow at the outlet of the intercooler 9.
In the embodiment, the air compressor 2 is sequentially communicated with a low-pressure bottle group 4, a high-pressure bottle group 7 and an intercooler 9 through a first channel, wherein the first channel is also provided with a supercharger 5, and the supercharger 5 is arranged between the low-pressure bottle group 4 and the high-pressure bottle group 7;
the controller 16 is configured to obtain a first actual pressure in the high-pressure bottle set 7 and a required pressure of the intercooler 9, and selectively control the communication of the first channel or the second channel through the electromagnetic three-way valve 3 based on the first actual pressure and the required pressure, so as to provide the gas for the intercooler 9.
The controller 16 is an electronic control unit (ECU, electronic Control Unit) of the vehicle, and referring to fig. 1, the controller 16 may be connected to the first temperature pressure sensor, the electromagnetic three-way valve 3, the second temperature pressure sensor, the electromagnetic pressure reducing valve 8, the bypass valve 10, the back pressure valve 11, the stop valve 13, and the air flow meter T through communication cables, respectively. And the system is used for receiving data sent by each temperature and pressure sensor and each air flow sensor and performing PID (proportion integration differentiation) adjustment on the opening of each valve according to air supply requirements.
The specific execution logic of the controller 16 will be described in detail in the following embodiments on the controller side, and thus will not be described here again.
Based on the same inventive concept as the previous embodiments, the present embodiment also provides a fuel cell air control method, which is applied to a controller, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, and mainly includes the following steps:
s310, acquiring the first actual pressure of the high-pressure bottle group and the required pressure of the intercooler.
As described above, the third temperature and pressure sensor T/P3 is installed on the high-pressure bottle group, so that the first actual pressure in the high-pressure bottle group can be collected through T/P3, the T/P3 sends the collected first actual pressure to the controller, and the controller obtains the first actual pressure P' in the high-pressure bottle group.
In one embodiment, obtaining a demand pressure for an intercooler includes:
Determining a target fuel cell stacking pressure and a target fuel cell stacking flow required by the fuel cell based on the received power request;
determining a pressure loss value of the intercooler based on the target stack inlet flow;
And determining the demand pressure of the intercooler based on the pressure loss value and the target stack inlet pressure, wherein the demand pressure is the sum of the pressure of the target stack inlet pressure and the pressure loss value.
Specifically, the power request carries a target pile-in pressure and a target pile-in flow, after the target pile-in flow is obtained, a corresponding pressure loss value can be queried in a preset first mapping table based on the target pile-in flow, and the corresponding relation between the pile-in flow and the pressure loss value is prestored in the first mapping table.
After the pressure loss value is determined, the required pressure pic of the intercooler can be determined according to the formula (1):
pic=pin+Δp (1)
In the formula (1), pin is the target in-stack pressure, and Δp is the pressure loss value.
And S311, selectively controlling the first channel or the second channel to be communicated based on the first actual pressure and the required pressure to provide gas for the intercooler, wherein the first channel is sequentially provided with an air compressor, a control valve, a low-pressure bottle group, a high-pressure bottle group and the intercooler, and the second channel is sequentially provided with the air compressor, the control valve and the intercooler.
After the first actual pressure and the required pressure of the intercooler are determined, the first channel or the second channel can be selectively controlled to be communicated based on the first actual pressure and the required pressure to provide gas for the intercooler, an air compressor, a control valve, a low-pressure bottle group, a high-pressure bottle group and the intercooler are sequentially arranged on the first channel, and an air compressor, a control valve and the intercooler are sequentially arranged on the second channel.
In one embodiment, selectively controlling communication between the first passage and the second passage based on the first actual pressure and the demand pressure includes:
If the first actual pressure is determined to be greater than the required pressure (p' > pic), the electromagnetic three-way valve is used for controlling the first channel to be communicated and controlling the second channel to be closed, and the high-pressure bottle group is used for providing gas for the intercooler.
At this time, since the high-pressure bottle group can provide sufficient air pressure, the air compressor does not need to work in a high-power consumption region and only needs to operate at a target rotating speed. The target rotational speed may be determined based on the energy consumption characteristic of the air compressor, for example, a rotational speed corresponding to a low energy consumption may be used as the target rotational speed.
In one embodiment, providing gas to the intercooler using a high pressure bottle stack includes:
regulating the opening degree of the pressure reducing valve and the opening degree of the back pressure valve based on the required pressure of the medium-temperature air and the target flow rate of the fuel cell stack;
and controlling the opening of the bypass valve to be zero and controlling the opening of the stop valve to be maximum, wherein,
The pressure reducing valve is positioned between the intercooler and the high-pressure bottle group, the back pressure valve is positioned at the outlet of the fuel cell stack, the bypass valve is positioned at the outlet of the intercooler, and the stop valve is positioned at the inlet of the fuel cell stack.
Meanwhile, in order to improve the pressure and flow control precision of the intercooler outlet, the embodiment further performs PID adjustment on the second actual pressure and actual flow of the intercooler outlet, and specifically includes:
when the high-pressure bottle group is used for providing gas for the intercooler, the second actual pressure and the actual flow of the intercooler outlet are collected in real time;
and adjusting the opening of the pressure reducing valve and the opening of the back pressure valve in real time based on the second actual pressure, the actual flow, the target pile inlet pressure and the target pile inlet flow.
Like this, through low pressure bottle group and high pressure bottle group storage air, when the first actual pressure in the high pressure bottle group is greater than the demand pressure of intercooler import, can not take place surging through the gas air feed in the high pressure bottle group, the chance that the air compressor machine surging has been reduced, also does not need to bypass unnecessary air through the bypass valve simultaneously, avoids the waste of energy.
In one embodiment, selectively controlling communication between the first passage and the second passage based on the first actual pressure and the demand pressure includes:
If the first actual pressure is less than or equal to the required pressure (p'. Ltoreq.pic), the electromagnetic three-way valve is used for controlling the second channel to be communicated and controlling the first channel to be closed, so that the air compressor is used for directly providing gas for the intercooler.
When the air compressor supplies air to the intercooler through the second passage, a surge condition of the air compressor needs to be considered. Surging of an air compressor is an inherent special feature of a centrifugal air bearing air compressor, and surging of the air compressor occurs when the flow is small enough and the pressure is large enough. However, when the air compressor is in surge, the service life of the air compressor is not good, so this embodiment sets a surge protection line a in the map characteristic diagram of the air compressor, and the surge protection line a can refer to fig. 5. The corresponding function of the surge protection line A is a function between the pressure ratio and the flow, so that surging can be avoided when the air compressor works on the right side of the surge protection line A, and surging can be avoided when the air compressor works on the left side of the surge protection line A. In fig. 5, the uppermost curve is the maximum rotational speed of the air compressor, and the lowermost curve is the minimum rotational speed of the air compressor.
In order to avoid surging, the embodiment needs to determine the minimum flow provided by the air compressor according to the pressure ratio and the surge protection line, if the target stack inlet flow is larger than the minimum flow, surging cannot occur to the air compressor, and if the target stack inlet flow is smaller than or equal to the minimum flow, surging can occur to the air compressor, and at the moment, the embodiment executes a strategy for avoiding surging.
Wherein the pressure ratio pr may be determined based on equation (2):
pr=pic/pac (2)
in formula (2), pic is the charge air cooler demand pressure, and pac is the air compressor inlet pressure.
Based on this, in one embodiment, providing gas to the intercooler using an air compressor includes:
determining a pressure ratio according to the demand pressure of the intercooler and the inlet pressure of the air compressor;
Searching a minimum flow which can be provided by the air compressor under the pressure ratio in a second mapping table, wherein the second mapping table is an air compressor surge protection mapping table, and the second mapping table is pre-stored with a corresponding relation between the pressure ratio and the flow which can be provided by the air compressor;
If the target pile-up flow rate required by the fuel cell is greater than or equal to the minimum flow rate, the rotating speed of the air compressor and the opening degree of the back pressure valve are regulated based on the target pile-up flow rate and the target pile-up pressure;
controlling the opening of the bypass valve to be zero, controlling the opening of the stop valve to be maximum and closing the electromagnetic pressure reducing valve, wherein,
An electromagnetic pressure reducing valve is positioned between the intercooler and the high-pressure bottle group, a back pressure valve is positioned at an outlet of the fuel cell stack, a bypass valve is positioned at an outlet of the intercooler, and a stop valve is positioned at an inlet of the fuel cell stack.
And if the target pile-up flow rate required by the fuel cell is greater than or equal to the minimum flow rate, taking the target pile-up flow rate required by the fuel cell as the flow rate which should be provided by the air machine.
In this kind of air feed mode, in order to improve the pressure and the flow control precision of intercooler export simultaneously, this embodiment also can carry out PID to the second actual pressure and the actual flow of intercooler export and adjust, specifically includes:
collecting a second actual pressure and an actual flow of an intercooler outlet in real time;
And adjusting the rotating speed of the air compressor and the opening degree of the back pressure valve in real time based on the second actual pressure, the actual flow, the target pile inlet pressure and the target pile inlet flow.
In one embodiment, if it is determined that the target stacking flow rate required by the fuel cell is smaller than the minimum flow rate, the minimum flow rate is used as the flow rate to be provided by the air compressor, and then the rotation speed and the back pressure valve opening of the air compressor are adjusted based on the minimum flow rate and the target stacking pressure;
acquiring a flow difference value between the minimum flow and the target pile-entering flow, and adjusting the opening of a bypass valve based on the flow difference value;
and controlling the opening of the stop valve to be maximum and controlling the electromagnetic pressure reducing valve to be closed.
Specifically, since the air compressor is surging when the target flow rate is smaller than the minimum flow rate, it is necessary to discharge the surplus flow rate to the supercharger by the bypass valve in order to avoid surging. Therefore, the flow difference delta F between the minimum flow and the target stack inlet flow is determined according to the formula (3), and then the opening of the bypass valve is adjusted based on the flow difference:
ΔF=Fmin-F (3)
In formula (3), F is the target pile-up flow rate, and F min is the minimum flow rate.
Meanwhile, in order to improve the pressure and flow control accuracy of the intercooler outlet in the air supply mode, the second actual pressure and actual flow of the intercooler outlet are also subjected to PID regulation in the embodiment, which specifically includes:
collecting a second actual pressure and an actual flow of an intercooler outlet in real time;
and adjusting the air compressor rotating speed, the back pressure valve opening and the bypass valve opening in real time based on the second actual pressure, the actual flow, the target pile inlet pressure and the target pile inlet flow.
In addition, the fuel cell stack can generate waste gas when in operation, and in order to avoid energy waste, the method further comprises:
Separating air (wet air) at the outlet of the fuel cell stack by using a gas-liquid separator to obtain dry air;
the booster is arranged between the low-pressure bottle group and the high-pressure bottle group;
The separated water is transported to a tail discharge device.
Thus, the waste gas generated by the galvanic pile is utilized to provide power for the booster arranged between the low-pressure bottle group and the high-pressure bottle group, so that the effect of energy recovery is achieved. Meanwhile, in the embodiment, because the superchargers are independent, the front and rear bottle groups provide buffering, compared with a supercharging mode of directly supercharging the air compressor through waste gas in a traditional mode, the supercharging mode of the embodiment does not have too high requirements on water sealing and dynamic balance characteristics of the air compressor, and therefore the stability of the air compressor and the whole system is indirectly improved.
Based on the same inventive concept as the previous embodiments, this embodiment also provides a fuel cell air controller, as shown in fig. 6, the controller including:
An acquiring unit 61, configured to acquire a first actual pressure of the high-pressure bottle group and a required pressure of the intercooler;
A control unit 62 for selectively controlling communication of the first passage or the second passage based on the first actual pressure and the demand pressure, for supplying gas to the intercooler, wherein,
The first channel is sequentially provided with an air compressor, a control valve, a low-pressure bottle group, a high-pressure bottle group and an intercooler, and the second channel is sequentially provided with the air compressor, the control valve and the intercooler.
Since the controller described in the embodiments of the present invention is a controller used for implementing the air control method of the fuel cell in the embodiments of the present invention, based on the method described in the embodiments of the present invention, a person skilled in the art can understand the specific structure and the modifications of the device, and therefore, the description thereof is omitted herein. All controllers used in the method of the embodiment of the invention belong to the scope of the invention to be protected.
Based on the same inventive concept as the foregoing embodiments, the present embodiment also provides a vehicle including the above-mentioned fuel cell air controller and fuel cell air system, and the specific structure and execution logic of the fuel cell air controller and the fuel cell air system may be referred to the above description, so that the description thereof will not be repeated here.
Through one or more embodiments of the present invention, the present invention has the following benefits or advantages:
The invention provides an air control method, a controller, a system and a vehicle of a fuel cell, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining first actual pressure of a high-pressure bottle group and required pressure of an intercooler, selectively controlling communication of a first channel or a second channel based on the first actual pressure and the required pressure to provide gas for the intercooler, wherein an air compressor, a control valve, the low-pressure bottle group, the high-pressure bottle group and the intercooler are sequentially arranged on the first channel, the air compressor, the control valve and the intercooler are sequentially arranged on the second channel, and therefore when the gas pressure in the high-pressure bottle group is enough, the gas in the high-pressure bottle group can be directly used for providing the required gas for a fuel cell stack, and therefore the air compressor only needs to operate in a low-power consumption area, the working time of the air compressor in the high-power consumption area is reduced, the electric power is further saved, the system efficiency is improved, and when the high-pressure bottle group is used for supplying the intercooling gas, the probability of surging of the air compressor is also reduced, and the service life of the air compressor is prolonged.
The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer, virtual system, or other apparatus. Various general-purpose systems may also be used with the teachings herein. The required structure for a construction of such a system is apparent from the description above. In addition, the present invention is not directed to any particular programming language. It will be appreciated that the teachings of the present invention described herein may be implemented in a variety of programming languages, and the above description of specific languages is provided for disclosure of enablement and best mode of the present invention.
In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.
Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. This method of disclosure, however, is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed invention requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules in the apparatus of the embodiments may be adaptively changed and disposed in one or more apparatuses different from the embodiments. The modules or units or components of the embodiments may be combined into one module or unit or component and, furthermore, they may be divided into a plurality of sub-modules or sub-units or sub-components. Any combination of all features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and all of the processes or units of any method or apparatus so disclosed, may be used in combination, except insofar as at least some of such features and/or processes or units are mutually exclusive. Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments herein include some features but not others included in other embodiments, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the following claims, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination.
Various component embodiments of the invention may be implemented in hardware, or in software modules running on one or more processors, or in a combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that some or all of the functions of some or all of the components in a gateway, proxy server, system according to embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in practice using a microprocessor or Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The present invention can also be implemented as an apparatus or device program (e.g., a computer program and a computer program product) for performing a portion or all of the methods described herein. Such a program embodying the present invention may be stored on a computer readable medium, or may have the form of one or more signals. Such signals may be downloaded from an internet website, provided on a carrier signal, or provided in any other form.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The invention may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the unit claims enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, third, etc. do not denote any order. These words may be interpreted as names.
While preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.
The above description is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, and improvements within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (13)
1. A fuel cell air control method, characterized by comprising:
acquiring a first actual pressure of a high-pressure bottle group and a required pressure of an intercooler;
selectively controlling communication between a first passage and a second passage based on the first actual pressure and the demand pressure to provide gas to the intercooler,
The first channel is sequentially provided with an air compressor, a control valve, a low-pressure bottle group, a high-pressure bottle group and an intercooler, and the second channel is sequentially provided with the air compressor, the control valve and the intercooler;
the selectively controlling communication of the first passage or the second passage based on the first actual pressure and the demand pressure includes:
if the first actual pressure is determined to be greater than the required pressure, controlling the first channel to be communicated and controlling the second channel to be closed by using an electromagnetic three-way valve, and providing gas for the intercooler by using the high-pressure bottle group;
the selectively controlling communication of the first passage or the second passage based on the first actual pressure and the demand pressure includes:
And if the first actual pressure is less than or equal to the required pressure, controlling the second channel to be communicated and controlling the first channel to be closed by using an electromagnetic three-way valve so as to provide gas for the intercooler by using the air compressor.
2. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said obtaining a charge air cooler demand pressure includes:
Determining a target fuel cell stacking pressure and a target fuel cell stacking flow required by the fuel cell based on the received power request;
determining a pressure loss value of the intercooler based on the target pile-up flow;
And determining the demand pressure of the intercooler based on the pressure loss value and the target stack inlet pressure, wherein the demand pressure is the sum of the pressure of the target stack inlet pressure and the pressure loss value.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the determining a pressure loss value of the intercooler based on the target in-stack flow comprises:
Inquiring a corresponding pressure loss value in a preset first mapping table based on the target stacking flow, wherein the corresponding relation between the stacking flow and the pressure loss value is prestored in the first mapping table.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said providing gas to said intercooler using said high pressure bottle group comprises:
adjusting the opening of the pressure reducing valve and the opening of the back pressure valve based on the required pressure of the intercooler and the target flow of the fuel cell stack;
Controlling the opening of the bypass valve to be zero and controlling the opening of the stop valve to be maximum,
The pressure reducing valve is positioned between the intercooler and the high-pressure bottle group, the back pressure valve is positioned at the outlet of the fuel cell stack, the bypass valve is positioned at the outlet of the intercooler, and the stop valve is positioned at the inlet of the fuel cell stack.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
when the high-pressure bottle group is used for providing gas for the intercooler, the second actual pressure and the actual flow of the intercooler outlet are collected in real time;
And adjusting the opening of the pressure reducing valve and the opening of the back pressure valve based on the second actual pressure, the actual flow, the target pile inlet pressure and the target pile inlet flow.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein said providing gas to said intercooler using said air compressor comprises:
Determining a pressure ratio according to the required pressure of the intercooler and the inlet pressure of the air compressor;
searching a minimum flow which can be provided by the air compressor under the pressure ratio in a second mapping table, wherein the second mapping table is a surge protection mapping table of the air compressor, and the second mapping table is pre-stored with a corresponding relation between the pressure ratio and the flow which can be provided by the air compressor;
If the target pile-up flow rate required by the fuel cell is greater than or equal to the minimum flow rate, adjusting the rotating speed of the air compressor and the opening degree of the back pressure valve based on the target pile-up flow rate and the target pile-up pressure;
controlling the opening of the bypass valve to be zero, controlling the opening of the stop valve to be maximum and closing the electromagnetic pressure reducing valve, wherein,
The electromagnetic pressure reducing valve is positioned between the intercooler and the high-pressure bottle group, the back pressure valve is positioned at the outlet of the fuel cell stack, the bypass valve is positioned at the outlet of the intercooler, and the stop valve is positioned at the inlet of the fuel cell stack.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises:
If the target stacking flow required by the fuel cell is smaller than the minimum flow, adjusting the rotating speed of the air compressor and the opening of the back pressure valve based on the minimum flow and the target stacking pressure;
Acquiring a flow difference value between the minimum flow and the target pile-in flow, and adjusting the opening of the bypass valve based on the flow difference value;
And controlling the opening of the stop valve to be maximum and controlling the electromagnetic pressure reducing valve to be closed.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
separating air at the outlet of the fuel cell stack by using a gas-liquid separator to obtain dry air;
and the pressure booster is arranged between the low-pressure bottle group and the high-pressure bottle group.
9. A fuel cell air controller, the controller comprising:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the first actual pressure of the high-pressure bottle group and the required pressure of the intercooler;
a control unit for selectively controlling communication of the first passage or the second passage based on the first actual pressure and the demand pressure to supply gas to the intercooler,
The first channel is sequentially provided with an air compressor, a control valve, a low-pressure bottle group, a high-pressure bottle group and an intercooler, and the second channel is sequentially provided with the air compressor, the control valve and the intercooler;
the selectively controlling communication of the first passage or the second passage based on the first actual pressure and the demand pressure includes:
if the first actual pressure is determined to be greater than the required pressure, controlling the first channel to be communicated and controlling the second channel to be closed by using an electromagnetic three-way valve, and providing gas for the intercooler by using the high-pressure bottle group;
the selectively controlling communication of the first passage or the second passage based on the first actual pressure and the demand pressure includes:
And if the first actual pressure is less than or equal to the required pressure, controlling the second channel to be communicated and controlling the first channel to be closed by using an electromagnetic three-way valve so as to provide gas for the intercooler by using the air compressor.
10. A fuel cell air control system, comprising:
The air compressor is sequentially communicated with the low-pressure bottle group, the high-pressure bottle group and the intercooler through the first channel, and is also directly communicated with the intercooler through the second channel;
The controller is used for acquiring a first actual pressure in the high-pressure bottle group and a required pressure of the intercooler, selectively controlling the first channel or the second channel to be communicated based on the first actual pressure and the required pressure, and providing gas for the intercooler;
the selectively controlling communication of the first passage or the second passage based on the first actual pressure and the demand pressure includes:
if the first actual pressure is determined to be greater than the required pressure, controlling the first channel to be communicated and controlling the second channel to be closed by using an electromagnetic three-way valve, and providing gas for the intercooler by using the high-pressure bottle group;
the selectively controlling communication of the first passage or the second passage based on the first actual pressure and the demand pressure includes:
And if the first actual pressure is less than or equal to the required pressure, controlling the second channel to be communicated and controlling the first channel to be closed by using an electromagnetic three-way valve so as to provide gas for the intercooler by using the air compressor.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the system further comprises:
a booster located on the first channel, the booster being mounted between the low pressure bottle set and the high pressure bottle set;
the inlet of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the first outlet of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the supercharger;
the gas-liquid separator is used for separating air at the outlet of the fuel cell stack and conveying the separated dry air to the supercharger through the first outlet.
12. The system of claim 10, further comprising a bypass valve;
When the target stacking flow required by the fuel cell is smaller than the minimum flow which can be provided by the air compressor, the bypass valve is used for discharging the residual flow, and the residual flow is the flow difference between the minimum flow and the target stacking flow.
13. A vehicle comprising the fuel cell air controller of claim 9 or the fuel cell air control system of any one of claims 10 to 12.
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| CN114361523A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-15 | 重庆长安新能源汽车科技有限公司 | Fuel cell air system of fuel cell automobile, control method of fuel cell air system and vehicle |
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