CN115328253B - Single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection and voltage estimation method thereof - Google Patents
Single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection and voltage estimation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC
- G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
- G05F1/561—Voltage to current converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
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Abstract
The invention provides a single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection and a voltage estimation method thereof, wherein the circuit comprises a software data processing module and a signal processing circuit which is composed of a reactor or an inductor, an IGBT device, a fast recovery diode and a high-voltage capacitor, and when the IGBT device is conducted, the reactor or the inductor is charged through the input voltage; when the IGBT device is turned off, the input voltage is overlapped with the inductance voltage of the reactor or the inductance, and the high-voltage power Jie Dianrong is charged and supplied to the load through the fast recovery diode; the software data processing module is connected with the signal processing circuit and is used for calculating an estimated value of the input voltage according to the voltage signal obtained by the signal processing circuit. The invention can solve the problems of high cost, low reliability, complex calculation mode and the like in the prior art, can collect current signals through the existing current sampling circuit, and can indirectly calculate the input voltage value by using a novel algorithm, thereby achieving the high power factor correction effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of variable frequency air conditioners, in particular to a single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection and a voltage estimation method using the same.
Background
At present, the variable-frequency air conditioner uses an active PFC control technology, which aims to reduce harmonic interference to a power grid, reduce the overcurrent multiple of a rectifying device, and improve the voltage of a rectified direct-current bus at the same time, thereby being beneficial to improving the variable-frequency speed regulation range. The PFC control is to control the input current by controlling the on-off of the IGBT, so that the input current is close to the sine waveform of the input voltage, and the purpose of the power factor of 1 is achieved. In order to enable the input current to follow the waveform of the input voltage, most frequency converters detect the input voltage at present, the magnitude and the phase of the input voltage are obtained by using a phase-locked loop technology, and then the purpose of current following voltage is achieved through current loop control. The control mode increases the difficulty and the material cost of the design of the circuit board, and reduces the reliability of the frequency converter due to interference in detection.
In addition, some frequency converters adopt a control mode without voltage detection, the implementation mode is mainly to take input current and voltage as state quantity and output quantity according to a small signal model, but the calculation mode is complex and needs more codes by a full-dimensional state observer control technology, so that limited CPU (central processing unit) operation resources are occupied, and particularly for high-frequency PFC, the calculation period is high, and if the calculation time is too long, the real-time output is influenced to cause overcurrent protection.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection and a voltage estimation method thereof, which are used for solving the problems of high cost, low reliability, complex calculation mode and the like in the prior art, and can acquire a current signal through an existing current sampling circuit and indirectly calculate an input voltage value by using a novel algorithm so as to achieve a high power factor correction effect.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection, comprising: the device comprises a software data processing module and a signal processing circuit which is composed of a reactor or an inductor, an IGBT device, a fast recovery diode and a high-voltage capacitor, wherein one end of the reactor or the inductor is connected with alternating voltage and is used for storing and providing reactive current, the other end of the reactor or the inductor is connected with a drain electrode of the IGBT device, and the drain electrode of the IGBT device is connected with the fast recovery diode;
when the IGBT device is conducted, the reactor or the inductor is charged through input voltage; when the IGBT device is turned off, the input voltage and the inductance voltage of the reactor or the inductance are overlapped to charge the high-voltage power Jie Dianrong through the fast recovery diode and supply power to a load;
the software data processing module is connected with the signal processing circuit and is used for calculating an estimated value of the input voltage according to the voltage signal obtained by the signal processing circuit.
The further scheme is that a rectification circuit is further connected between the reactor or the inductor and the alternating voltage, the input end of the rectification module is connected with the alternating voltage and used for converting the alternating voltage into direct voltage, one end of the reactor or the inductor is connected with the output end of the rectification module and used for storing and providing reactive current, the other end of the reactor or the inductor is connected with the drain electrode of the IGBT device, and the drain electrode of the IGBT device is connected with the protection circuit.
The voltage estimation method of the single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection is applied to the single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection for voltage estimation, and comprises the following steps of:
establishing a mathematical model of PFC control;
the inductance current i of the reactor or the inductance is detected by a current detection unit in Collecting the DC bus voltage Vdc at the same time, and comparing the DC bus voltage Vdc with a set voltage vdc_ref to generate a first voltage error value;
the voltage error value is regulated through a PI controller, and the output of the voltage error value is used as a set reference current instantaneous value;
calculating a reference inductance current according to the reference current instantaneous value, and combining the reference inductance current with the actually detected inductance current i in Comparing to generate a current error value;
the current error value is regulated by a PI controller, the current error value is output to serve as output reference voltage of PFC, and the duty ratio D of the IGBT device is calculated through the output reference voltage, wherein the output reference voltage is average voltage Vo;
will average voltage V 0 Substituting the estimated value into an input voltage estimation formula to obtain an estimated value of the input voltage.
The further scheme is that the mathematical model for establishing PFC control is specifically expressed as formulas (1) and (2):
v in ＝v o +sL s i in (1)
v o ＝(1-D)v dc (2)
wherein v is o V is the average voltage over IGBT in V is the rectified input voltage dc I is the DC bus voltage on the electrolytic capacitor in For rectifyingThe latter input current, i.e. inductor current, L s And D is the duty ratio of the IGBT device, which is the inductance.
In a further aspect, the estimating the input voltage includes: constructing a low-pass filter assuming a rectified input voltage value v in Defining an estimated value of the input voltage asV is in Is expressed as formula (3):
where τ is the time constant.
Still further, equation (4) is derived from equations (1) and (3):
then, the formula (4) is digitized to obtain an estimated value of the input voltage, and the estimated value can be used for replacing the actual voltage by selecting a time constant.
In a further aspect, the calculating the reference inductor current according to the reference current instantaneous value includes:
the reference inductance current is calculated by multiplying the reference current instantaneous value by the estimated value of the input voltage and the coefficient Ka, and is expressed as a formula (11)
Wherein Ka is the estimated voltageDivided by +.>Maximum value of>
In a further scheme, the formula (4) is digitized, specifically expressed as formula (5):
wherein k represents the sampling calculation time, ts is the sampling period, W c =1/τ is the reciprocal of the time constant, i.e. the cut-off frequency of the observer.
In a further aspect, the voltage error value is adjusted by a PI controller, and an output of the PI controller is used as a set reference current instantaneous value, and is expressed as a formula (6):
wherein,for reference current peak value, K pv Is a proportionality coefficient, K iv Is an integral coefficient.
In a further aspect, the current error value is adjusted by a PI controller, and an output thereof is used as an output reference voltage "of PFC, expressed as formulas (7) and (8):
wherein,for the output PFC voltage command, < >>For PFC command current, K pi Is a proportionality coefficient, K ii Is an integral coefficient.
Compared with the prior art, the single-phase PFC circuit and the method thereof do not need input voltage detection, the circuit and the method do not need single-phase PFC input voltage detection circuit, the input voltage value can be indirectly calculated by constructing a mathematical model and algorithm of PFC control, the cost of the frequency converter is reduced, control failure and even device damage caused by input voltage detection failure are avoided, the cost of the PFC circuit of the frequency conversion air conditioner is reduced, and the reliability of PFC control is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the algorithm of the invention has simple calculation and small code quantity, can reduce the operation codes of PFC (power factor correction), especially high-frequency PFC, and is suitable for digital control.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a single-phase PFC circuit embodiment of the present invention that does not require input voltage detection.
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a single-phase PFC circuit embodiment of the present invention that does not require input voltage detection.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a voltage estimation method of a single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
One embodiment of a single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection is:
referring to fig. 1, the single-phase PFC circuit according to the present invention includes:
the device comprises a software data processing module and a signal processing circuit which is composed of a reactor or an inductor Ls, an IGBT device, a fast recovery diode and a high-voltage electrolytic capacitor, wherein one end of the reactor or the inductor Ls is connected with alternating voltage and used for storing and providing reactive current, the other end of the reactor or the inductor Ls is connected with the drain electrode of the IGBT device, and the drain electrode of the IGBT device is connected with the fast recovery diode.
When the IGBT device is conducted, the reactor or the inductor is charged through input voltage; when the IGBT device turns off, the input voltage is superimposed with the inductor voltage of the reactor or inductor Ls to charge the high voltage power Jie Dianrong through the fast recovery diode and power the load.
The software data processing module is connected with the signal processing circuit and is used for calculating an estimated value of the input voltage according to the voltage signal obtained by the signal processing circuit.
The fast recovery diode comprises two fast recovery diodes which are arranged in parallel, the IGBT device comprises two IGBTs which are arranged in parallel, each fast recovery diode is respectively connected with the corresponding IGBT, and the other end of the reactor or the inductor Ls is connected between the anode of the first fast recovery diode and the drain electrode of the first IGBT device.
A second embodiment of a single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection:
as shown in fig. 2, a rectifying circuit is further connected between the reactor or the inductor and the ac voltage, the input end of the rectifying module is connected to the ac voltage and is used for converting the ac voltage into the dc voltage, one end of the reactor or the inductor Ls is connected to the output end of the rectifying module and is used for storing and providing reactive current, the other end of the reactor or the inductor Ls is connected to the drain electrode of the IGBT device, and the drain electrode of the IGBT device is connected to the fast recovery diode.
The rectifying circuit comprises a rectifier REC, a first output end of the rectifier REC is connected with one end of a reactor or an inductor Ls, and a second output end of the rectifier REC is connected with a source electrode of the IGBT device.
Specifically, the circuit topology provided in this embodiment includes a rectifier REC, a reactor or an inductor Ls, an IGBT device, a fast recovery diode FRD, and a high-voltage capacitor C. The rectifier REC is used for rectifying alternating input voltage into direct voltage, the reactor or the inductor is used for storing and providing reactive current, when the IGBT is turned on, the input voltage charges the inductor, and when the IGBT is turned off, the input voltage superposed with the inductor voltage charges the high-voltage capacitor C and supplies power to the load through the fast recovery diode FRD. The inductor current is the rectified input current, when the power factor reaches 1, the input current and the input voltage are consistent in shape and phase, namely the input impedance is of a resistance characteristic.
Voltage estimation method embodiment of single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection
Referring to fig. 3, a voltage estimation method of a single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection is applied to the above-mentioned voltage estimation of a single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection, and includes the following steps:
and S1, establishing a mathematical model of PFC control.
Step S2, detecting the inductance current i of the reactor or the inductance by a current detection unit in And simultaneously collecting the DC bus voltage Vdc, and comparing the DC bus voltage Vdc with the set voltage vdc_ref to generate a voltage error value.
And step S3, regulating the voltage error value through a PI controller, and outputting the voltage error value as a set reference current instantaneous value.
Step S4, calculating a reference inductance current according to the instantaneous value of the reference current, and comparing the reference inductance current with the actually detected inductance current i in A comparison is made, resulting in a current error value.
And S5, regulating the current error value through a PI controller, outputting the current error value as an output reference voltage of PFC, and calculating the duty ratio D of the IGBT device through the output reference voltage, wherein the output reference voltage is the average voltage Vo.
Step S6, average voltage V 0 Substituting the estimated value into an input voltage estimation formula to obtain an estimated value of the input voltage.
In the above step S1, a mathematical model of PFC control is established, specifically expressed as formulas (1) and (2):
v in ＝v o +sL s i in (1)
v o ＝(1-D)v dc (2)
wherein v is o V is the average voltage over IGBT in V is the rectified input voltage dc I is the DC bus voltage on the electrolytic capacitor in For rectified input current, i.e. inductor current, L s And D is the duty ratio of the IGBT device, which is the inductance.
Due to v o 、i in 、L s 、v dc D are known quantities and when estimating the input voltage, include: constructing a low-pass filter assuming a rectified input voltage value v in Defining an estimated value of the input voltage asV is in Is expressed as formula (3):
where τ is the time constant.
Equation (4) is derived from equations (1) and (3):
then, the formula (4) is digitized to obtain an estimated value of the input voltage, and the estimated value can be used for replacing the actual voltage by selecting a time constant. The specific implementation method comprises the following steps: integrating the first part of the right side of the equation, and adding the integrated value to the second part of the right side of the equation to obtain an estimated voltage
In this embodiment, the formula (4) is digitized, specifically expressed as formula (5):
wherein k represents the sampling calculation time, ts is the sampling period, W c =1/τ is the reciprocal of the time constant, i.e. the cut-off frequency of the observer.
In the step S4, the reference inductor current is calculated according to the reference current instantaneous value, including:
the reference inductance current is calculated by multiplying the reference current instantaneous value by the estimated value of the input voltage and the coefficient Ka, and is expressed as a formula (11)
Wherein Ka is the estimated voltageDivided by +.>Maximum value of>
In the above step S3, the voltage error value is adjusted by the PI controller, and the output thereof is expressed as formula (6) as the set reference current instantaneous value:
wherein,for reference current peak value, K pv Is a proportionality coefficient, K iv Is an integral coefficient.
In the above step S5, the current error value is regulated by the PI controller, and its output is an output reference voltage of PFC, expressed as formulas (7) and (8):
wherein,for the output PFC voltage command, < >>For PFC command current, K pi Is a proportionality coefficient, K ii Is an integral coefficient.
In practical applications, one of the main tasks of PFC according to the present embodiment is to make the input impedance approach to the resistance characteristic, i.e. the current waveform follows the input voltage waveform and the phase difference is 0. When the internal resistance of the reactor or inductance is ignored, the mathematical model of PFC control is as shown in equations (1) and (2) above.
Detecting inductor current by means of a current sensor or using a power resistor, simultaneously collecting a dc bus voltage Vdc and comparing Vdc with a set voltage vdc_ref, the error of which is regulated by a PI controller, the output of which is a set reference current instantaneous value multiplied by an estimated input voltageThe sum coefficient Ka is the reference inductance current, the reference inductance current is compared with the actually detected inductance current, the error is regulated by a PI controller, the PI controller outputs an output reference voltage which is PFC, the duty ratio D is calculated by the reference voltage, and v is calculated by a formula (2) o Handle v o By taking the formula (3), the +.>
Compared with the prior art, the single-phase PFC circuit and the method thereof do not need input voltage detection, the circuit and the method do not need single-phase PFC input voltage detection circuit, the input voltage value can be indirectly calculated by constructing a mathematical model and algorithm of PFC control, the cost of the frequency converter is reduced, control failure and even device damage caused by input voltage detection failure are avoided, the cost of the PFC circuit of the frequency conversion air conditioner is reduced, and the reliability of PFC control is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the algorithm of the invention has simple calculation and small code quantity, can reduce the operation codes of PFC (power factor correction), especially high-frequency PFC, and is suitable for digital control.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, but any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Claims (4)
1. The voltage estimation method of the single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection is characterized by being applied to the single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection for voltage estimation, and the circuit comprises the following steps:
the device comprises a software data processing module and a signal processing circuit which is composed of a reactor or an inductor, an IGBT device, a fast recovery diode and a high-voltage capacitor, wherein one end of the reactor or the inductor is connected with alternating voltage and is used for storing and providing reactive current, the other end of the reactor or the inductor is connected with a drain electrode of the IGBT device, and the drain electrode of the IGBT device is connected with the fast recovery diode;
when the IGBT device is conducted, the reactor or the inductor is charged through input voltage; when the IGBT device is turned off, the input voltage and the inductance voltage of the reactor or the inductance are overlapped to charge the high-voltage power Jie Dianrong through the fast recovery diode and supply power to a load;
the software data processing module is connected with the signal processing circuit and is used for calculating an estimated value of input voltage according to the voltage signal obtained by the signal processing circuit;
the method comprises the following steps:
establishing a mathematical model of PFC control;
detecting an inductance current of a reactor or an inductance by a current detecting meansMeanwhile, collecting the DC bus voltage Vdc, and comparing the DC bus voltage Vdc with a set voltage vdc_ref to generate a voltage error value;
the voltage error value is regulated through a PI controller, and the output of the voltage error value is used as a set reference current instantaneous value;
calculating a reference inductance current according to the reference current instantaneous value, and combining the reference inductance current with the actually detected inductance currentComparing to generate a current error value;
the current error value is regulated by a PI controller, the current error value is output to serve as output reference voltage of PFC, and the duty ratio D of the IGBT device is calculated through the output reference voltage, wherein the output reference voltage is average voltage Vo;
will average voltage V 0 Substituting the estimated value into an input voltage estimation formula to obtain an estimated value of the input voltage;
the mathematical model for establishing PFC control is specifically expressed as formulas (1) and (2):
（1）
（2）
wherein,for the average voltage over the IGBT +.>For the rectified input voltage, +.>For the DC bus voltage on the electrolytic capacitor, < >>For the rectified input current, i.e. inductor current->The inductance is the inductance, and D is the duty ratio of the IGBT device;
wherein, when estimating the input voltage, the method comprises: constructing a low-pass filter assuming a rectified input voltage valueDefine the estimated value of the input voltage as +.>，/>Is->Is expressed as formula (3):
（3）
wherein,is a time constant;
equation (4) is derived from equations (1) and (3):
（4）
then, carrying out digital processing on the formula (4) to obtain an estimated value of the input voltage, and selecting a time constant to be used for replacing the actual voltage;
digitizing equation (4), specifically expressed as equation (5):
（5）
where k represents the moment of sampling calculation, ts is the sampling period,is the inverse of the time constant, i.e., the cut-off frequency of the observer;
wherein, the voltage error value is regulated by a PI controller, and the output of the voltage error value is used as a set reference current instantaneous value and expressed as a formula (6):
（6）
wherein,for reference current peak +.>Is a proportional coefficient->Is an integral coefficient.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the device is characterized in that a rectifying circuit is further connected between the reactor or the inductor and the alternating voltage, the input end of the rectifying circuit is connected with the alternating voltage and used for converting the alternating voltage into direct voltage, one end of the reactor or the inductor is connected with the output end of the rectifying circuit and used for storing and providing reactive current, the other end of the reactor or the inductor is connected with the drain electrode of the IGBT device, and the drain electrode of the IGBT device is connected with a protection circuit.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said calculating a reference inductor current from a reference current transient comprises:
multiplying the reference current instantaneous value by the estimated value of the input voltage and the coefficient Ka to calculate a reference inductor current, wherein the reference inductor current is expressed as a formula (11);
（11）
wherein Ka is the estimated voltageDivided by +.>Maximum value of>。
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the current error value is regulated by a PI controller, and the output of the current error value is used as the output reference voltage of PFC and is expressed as formulas (7) and (8):
（7）
（8）
wherein,for the output PFC voltage command, < >>For PFC command current, < >>Is a proportional coefficient->Is an integral coefficient.
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| CN112350565A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-02-09 | 合肥工业大学 | Cascade model-free predictive control system based on single-phase Boost PFC converter and control method thereof |
| CN113156219A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-07-23 | 郑州大学 | Method and device for monitoring capacitance value and degradation state of output capacitor of Boost PFC converter |
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