CN115322812A - Fixed type sludge gasification, decoking and ash removal coupling waste incineration power generation device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fixed type sludge gasification decoking and ash removal coupling waste incineration power generation device and a method, wherein the device comprises a sludge bin, a metering device, a spiral feeder, a gasification furnace, a cyclone separator, a high-temperature fan, a flame arrester, a waste incinerator, an oxidation fan, a slag pusher, a slag breaker, a gate valve, a slag collection bin and a grate; the sludge storage bin is connected with the gasification furnace through the spiral feeder through the metering device, the gasification furnace comprises a first gasification furnace area and a second gasification furnace area, the bottom side of the first gasification furnace area is connected with the oxidation fan, the bottom of the first gasification furnace area is provided with the slag extractor, the bottom side of the second gasification furnace area is connected with the cyclone separator, and the top end of the cyclone separator is connected with the garbage incinerator through the high-temperature fan. The invention can effectively reduce the problem of overhigh fly ash content caused by directly co-firing the sludge in the garbage incinerator and can also fully utilize the heat value of the sludge.

Description

A fixed sludge gasification decoking and ash removal coupled with waste incineration power generation device and method

technical field

The invention relates to a fixed sludge gasification decoking and ash removal coupled waste incineration power generation device and method. The main application fields include the disposal of municipal sludge, the disposal of sludge discharged from industrial sewage plants, and the like. The invention is aimed at the disposal of all municipal sludge and industrial sludge with a certain calorific value (dry sludge calorific value greater than 12600kJ/kg).

Background technique

Sludge treatment is the process of sludge reduction, stabilization and harmless treatment. The higher the degree of wastewater treatment, the more sludge residues are generated that need to be disposed of. For modern sewage treatment plants, the treatment and disposal of sludge has become the most complex and expensive part of the operation of the sewage treatment system.

Municipal sludge is an inevitable product of urban sewage treatment. How to achieve a good balance between sludge disposal and environmental protection is a major issue currently facing. Municipal sludge is a common solid pollutant, but if properly processed, it can be a useful resource. At present, it is an important research topic for municipal sludge treatment and disposal methods and its deepening utilization, which has positive significance for environmental protection. The scientific and reasonable utilization of sludge can avoid the extreme waste of resources, which has very important practical significance and economic and social value. In addition, my country's reform of the sustainable development strategy of the existing industry has further promoted the research process of sludge treatment and recycling technology.

If municipal sludge enters the environment improperly, it will cause certain harm to the surrounding environment. After volume reduction, stabilization and harmless treatment, the sludge can be comprehensively utilized as a resource. Although there are many ways to treat and dispose of urban sludge, we should make a specific analysis according to the specific conditions such as the amount of sludge, sludge properties, and heavy metal content; at the same time, we must consider factors such as environmental ecology, economic benefits, treatment costs, and technological development trends. It is also necessary to actively explore new methods, new technologies, and new processes for sludge treatment. From a long-term point of view, doing a good job in the treatment and disposal of sludge and its harmlessness, as well as the effective and comprehensive utilization of renewable resources are issues that all countries in the world attach importance to.

my country is a large agricultural country with a relatively weak economic foundation. The resource utilization of sludge, especially agricultural utilization, can not only save a lot of sludge terminal disposal costs, but also add organic matter to low-fertility farmland, improve fertility, and promote the development of agricultural production. Realize the virtuous circle of agricultural ecological environment. Therefore, the resource utilization of sludge will become the development direction of sludge disposal in line with my country's national conditions.

In order to solve the problem of sludge in sewage plants, environmental protection departments in some areas send municipal sludge to waste incineration plants for co-combustion. In the process of co-combustion of sludge and garbage, the sludge particle size is very fine, and it is easily carried out by the wind, resulting in a large increase in fly ash (hazardous waste). Due to the high cost of fly ash treatment, it seriously affects the The enthusiasm of waste incineration power plants to treat sludge.

Contents of the invention

The moisture content of the sludge transported from the sewage treatment plant to the sludge warehouse of the garbage power plant is generally about 60%. On this basis, the present invention provides a fixed sludge gasification decoking and ash removal coupled with waste incineration power generation device and method. The invention can effectively reduce the problem of excessively high fly ash content caused by direct co-combustion of sludge in garbage incinerators, and can also make full use of the calorific value of sludge.

To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

A fixed sludge gasification decoking and ash removal coupling waste incineration power generation device, including sludge silo, metering device, screw feeder, gasifier, cyclone separator, high temperature fan, flame arrester, waste incinerator, Oxidation fan, slag remover, slag breaker, gate valve, slag collection bin, furnace grate; the sludge silo is connected to the gasifier through a metering device through a screw feeder, and the gasifier includes a gasifier The first zone of the gasification furnace and the second zone of the gasifier, the side of the bottom of the first zone of the gasifier is connected to the oxidation fan, the bottom of the first zone of the gasifier is equipped with a slag remover, the side of the bottom of the second zone of the gasifier is connected to the cyclone separator, and the cyclone is separated The top of the gasifier is connected to the garbage incinerator through a high-temperature fan, and a flame arrester is installed between the high-temperature fan and the garbage incinerator; a furnace grate is installed under the second zone of the gasification furnace, and a slag breaker is installed under the furnace grate. The gate valve is connected to the slag collection bin.

Further, the slag remover includes a motor, a transmission, and a rotating rod.

Further, the grate is a steel plate with several ventilation holes and a slag discharge port.

A fixed sludge gasification decoking and ash removal coupled with waste incineration power generation method, specifically: the sludge in the sludge silo is transported to the gasifier through a metering device through a screw feeder, and the sludge in the gasifier one After completion of drying, dry distillation, reduction and oxidation, the slag remover enters the second zone of the gasifier, and the high-temperature ash transferred to the second zone of the gasifier accumulates on the grate and is separated from the first zone of the gasifier. The combustible gas containing water vapor and tar produced by sludge drying, dry distillation, reduction and oxidation in the upper part reacts. After the reaction, the gasification synthesis gas goes out through the ventilation holes between the steel plates and enters the cyclone separator. The cold slag after the reaction passes through the The lower slag opening of the furnace grate falls into the slag breaker, and finally enters the slag collection bin, and the small particles of fly ash are further removed by the cyclone separator. Incineration in the incinerator to generate electricity.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1. The present invention can completely gasify the sludge, and the synthetic gas has a high calorific value of about 4200 kJ/m ³ , an extremely low tar content (the tar content is less than 30 mg/m ³ ), and an extremely small amount of dust (the content is less than 0.1g/m ³ ), fully meet the requirements of waste power plant incineration.

2. The device of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use, stable operation, continuous operation, and convenient load adjustment. The load can be adjusted according to the amount of sludge feed and the frequency of the slag remover, which is convenient for operation.

3. After the synthetic gas of the present invention enters the garbage incinerator, it can play the role of stable combustion and removal of nitrogen oxides.

4. The present invention can effectively reduce the problem of high fly ash content caused by direct co-combustion of sludge in garbage incinerators, and can also make full use of the calorific value of sludge.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the slag remover in the device of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of fire grate in the device of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of sludge gasification furnace in the device of the present invention;

Among them, 1. Sludge silo, 2. Metering device, 3. Screw feeder, 4. Gasifier, 41. Gasifier zone 1, 42. Gasifier zone 2, 5. Cyclone separator, 6. , high temperature fan, 7, flame arrester, 8, garbage incinerator, 9, oxidation fan, 10, slag remover, 101, motor, 102, transmission, 103, rotating rod, 104, slag remover rod, 11, slag breaker , 12, gate valve, 13, slag collecting bin, 14, furnace grate, 141, lower slag mouth, 142, ventilation hole, 143, steel plate.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions and effects of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1, a fixed sludge gasification decoking and ash removal coupling waste incineration power generation device in this embodiment includes a sludge silo 1, a metering device 2, a screw feeder 3, a gasifier 4, Cyclone separator 5, high-temperature fan 6, flame arrester 7, garbage incinerator 8, oxidation fan 9, slag remover 10, slag breaker 11, gate valve 12, slag collection bin 13, furnace grate 14; The mud bin 1 is connected to the gasification furnace 4 through the metering device 2 through the screw feeder 3. The gasification furnace 4 includes the first gasification furnace area 41 and the second gasification furnace area 42. The bottom side of the first gasification furnace area 41 is Connect the oxidation blower 9, the bottom of the gasifier zone 41 is equipped with a slag remover 10, the bottom side of the gasifier zone 2 42 is connected to the cyclone separator 5, and the top of the cyclone separator 5 is connected to the waste incinerator 8 through the high-temperature fan 6 , a flame arrester 7 is provided between the high-temperature fan 6 and the garbage incinerator 8; a furnace grate 14 is provided below the second zone 42 of the gasification furnace, and a slag breaker 11 is provided below the furnace grate 14, and the slag breaker 11 passes through the gate The valve 12 is connected to the slag collecting bin 13 .

Further, the slag remover 10 includes a motor 101, a transmission 102, a rotary rod 103, and a slag remover rod 104. Driven by the motor 101, the speed is adjusted through the transmission 102, and the rotating rod 103 starts to rotate at a certain speed, and drives the slag remover The rod 104 rotates.

Further, the grate 14 is a steel plate 143 with a number of ventilation holes 142 and is provided with a slag lowering port 141 .

In the fixed sludge gasification decoking and ash removal coupling waste incineration power generation device of this embodiment, the sludge silo 1 stores a certain amount of sludge to ensure continuous sludge feeding, and the metering device 2 mainly ensures the uniformity and Continuity, which can effectively adjust the load. The screw feeder 3 is inclined upward to ensure that the screw feeder is filled with sludge and prevent air from entering. The sludge in the sludge silo 1 passes through the metering device 2 through the screw feeder 3 Transported to the gasifier 4; the gasifier 4 includes a gasifier zone 41 and a gasifier zone 42, the gasifier zone 41 mainly completes the drying, dry distillation, reduction, oxidation of sludge, and the gasifier zone 2 42 mainly completes the pyrolysis gasification of tar and the hydration reaction of fixed carbon, and increases the calorific value of the sludge gasification synthesis gas; the bottom side of the first zone 41 of the gasifier is connected to the oxidation fan 9, and the sludge enters the first zone 41 of the gasifier After drying, dry distillation and reduction, it will carry out oxidation reaction with the air sent by the oxidation fan 9. The oxidation fan is mainly to ensure the combustion and gasification of the material at the bottom of the first zone 41 of the gasification furnace, and to provide energy for the operation of the entire furnace; the first gasification furnace A slag remover 10 is provided at the bottom of the zone 41, and the high-temperature carbon-containing ash gasified in the first zone 41 of the gasifier enters the second zone 42 of the gasifier under the actuation of the slag remover 10. The specific process is as shown in Figure 2 As shown, under the drive of the motor 101, the speed is adjusted by the transmission 102, the rotating rod 103 starts to rotate at a certain speed, and drives the slag removal rod 104 to rotate, and transfers the high temperature ash containing a certain amount of carbon to the second zone 42 of the gasifier ; The high-temperature ash transferred to the second zone 42 of the gasifier accumulates on the grate 14 (as shown in Figure 3), and is separated from the upper part of the first zone 41 of the gasifier through drying, dry distillation, reduction, and oxidation of the sludge The combustible gas containing water vapor and tar reacts. After the reaction, it goes out through the ventilation holes 142 between the steel plates 143 and enters the cyclone separator 5. The furnace grate 14 is a steel plate 143 with several ventilation holes 142, mainly to ensure the synthesis The passage of gas and the passage of slag are prevented, and the fly ash entering the cyclone separator 5 is greatly reduced; the reacted cold slag falls into the slag breaker 11 through the lower slag port 141 of the furnace grate 14, and the slag breaker 11 mainly The completely reacted ash is crushed and discharged, and the gate valve 12 is opened to enter the slag collection chamber 13. The gate valve 12 is mainly to prevent air from entering from the lower part and seal the slag breaker. The slag collection chamber 13 is mainly to collect The discharged ash; the cyclone separator 5 mainly collects the fine fly ash carried out from the gasification furnace 4, and further removes the small particles of fly ash. After entering the garbage incinerator 8, it will be incinerated to generate electricity. The high-temperature fan 6 is mainly to draw qualified sludge gasification synthesis gas from the gasification furnace 4, and send it to the garbage incinerator for combustion. The flame arrester 7 is mainly to prevent the flame from returning to the pipeline from the combustion furnace and entering the gasification. 4, garbage incineration Furnace 8 refers to a garbage grate incinerator or a garbage incineration fluidized bed furnace currently in operation.

A fixed sludge gasification decoking and ash removal coupled with waste incineration power generation method, specifically: the sludge in the sludge silo 1 is transported to the gasifier 4 through the metering device 2 through the screw feeder 3, and the sludge is The first zone 41 of the gasifier enters the second zone 42 of the gasifier after drying, dry distillation, reduction, and oxidation are activated by the slag remover 10, and the high-temperature ash transferred to the second zone 42 of the gasifier is placed on the grate 14 Accumulate and react with the combustible gas containing water vapor and tar produced by sludge drying, dry distillation, reduction and oxidation in the upper part of the first zone 41 of the gasifier. After the reaction, the gasification synthesis gas goes out through the ventilation holes 142 between the steel plates , into the cyclone separator 5, the reacted cold slag falls into the slag breaker 11 through the lower slag opening 141 of the furnace grate 14, and finally enters the slag collection bin 13, and the Beijing cyclone separator 5 further removes small particles of fly ash. The gasified synthesis gas is guided by the high-temperature blower 6, passes through the flame arrester 7, and then enters the waste incinerator 8 for incineration to generate electricity.

The principle of the present invention is: store the sludge with 20%-30% moisture after being dried by the waste heat of the flue gas into the sludge silo, and the sludge in the sludge silo is measured by the metering device and then passed through the screw feeder. Entering the sludge gasification furnace, the sludge at the bottom is combusted and gasified (oxidation zone) under the condition that the oxidation fan sends air into it. After the combustibles of the sludge are combusted and gasified, they become inorganic high-temperature ash containing part of fixed carbon , under the action of the slag remover, it enters the complete reduction zone; the upper part of the oxidation zone is the sludge after dry distillation, and the main residues are coke and a small amount of non-combustible materials such as clay. At a high temperature of 850 ° C, carbon monoxide and Hydrogen and other combustibles (reduction zone); the sludge on the upper part of the reduction zone is baked by hot gas at 200-400°C, and undergoes dry distillation reaction to produce alkanes (CmHn), carbon monoxide, tar and other combustible gases (carbon distillation zone); The upper part of the carbonization zone is the sludge that falls into the gasifier from the top, contacts with the combustible gas at 80-120°C, the water evaporates into water vapor, and enters the combustible gas together (drying zone); the combustible gas coming out from the side of the furnace top The gas contacts and reacts with the high-temperature ash coming out from the side of the furnace bottom (complete reduction zone), the water vapor reacts with the fixed carbon of the high-temperature ash to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and the tar undergoes cracking reaction during the process of passing through the high-temperature ash to form small molecules combustible, and consume the oxygen and water vapor in the combustible gas, and finally form sludge gasification synthesis gas (tar content is less than 30mg/m ³ ) after reaction. Sludge gasification synthesis gas is guided by a high-temperature fan and enters a cyclone separator to remove most of the fly ash. The clean synthesis gas passes through a flame arrester and then enters a waste incinerator for incineration. The calorific value of sludge gasification synthesis gas is about 4200kJ/m ³ . On the one hand, it can play a role in stabilizing combustion in the sludge incinerator, and on the other hand, it can form a reducing atmosphere in the middle of the combustion furnace, and form a The reduction of nitrogen oxides can greatly reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas.

The first zone of the gasifier of the present invention provides total heat for the gasifier, and provides high-temperature ash and combustible gas containing water vapor and tar for the second zone of the gasifier, where sufficient cracking and gasification reactions occur in the second zone of the gasifier, It ensures the low tar and high calorific value of the syngas; it provides guarantee for the subsequent coupled combustion with the domestic waste incinerator, which reduces the nitrogen oxide content of the waste incinerator, ensures the stable combustion of the incinerator, and reduces the supplementary combustion of natural gas , Improve the efficiency of the waste incinerator and save the cost.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. and modifications, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (4)

1. A fixed sludge gasification decoking and ash removal coupling waste incineration power generation device, characterized in that the device includes a sludge silo, a metering device, a screw feeder, a gasifier, a cyclone separator, and a high-temperature fan , flame arrester, garbage incinerator, oxidation fan, slag remover, slag breaker, gate valve, slag collection bin, furnace grate; the sludge bin is connected to the gasifier through a metering device through a screw feeder , the gasifier includes gasifier zone 1 and gasifier zone 2, the side of the bottom of gasifier zone 1 is connected to an oxidation fan, the bottom of gasifier zone 1 is provided with a slag remover, and the bottom side of gasifier zone 2 is The top of the cyclone separator is connected to the waste incinerator through a high-temperature fan, and a flame arrester is installed between the high-temperature fan and the waste incinerator; a furnace grate is installed under the second zone of the gasifier, and a The slag breaker, the slag breaker is connected to the slag collection bin through the gate valve. 2. The stationary sludge gasification decoking and ash removal coupling waste incineration power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the slag remover includes a motor, a transmission, and a rotating rod. 3. The stationary sludge gasification decoking and ash removal coupling waste incineration power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the grate is a steel plate with a number of ventilation holes, and is provided with a slag lowering port. 4. A fixed sludge gasification decoking and ash removal coupled waste incineration power generation method, characterized in that the method is specifically: the sludge in the sludge silo is transported to the gasifier through a metering device through a screw feeder After drying, dry distillation, reduction, and oxidation in the first zone of the gasifier, the sludge enters the second zone of the gasifier under the action of the slag remover, and the high-temperature ash transferred to the second zone of the gasifier accumulates on the grate , and react with the combustible gas containing water vapor and tar produced by sludge drying, dry distillation, reduction, and oxidation in the upper part of the first zone of the gasifier. After the reaction, the gasified synthesis gas goes out through the ventilation holes between the steel plates and enters the cyclone separation After the reaction, the cold slag falls into the slag breaker through the lower slag opening of the furnace grate, and finally enters the slag collection bin. The Beijing cyclone separator further removes small particles of fly ash, and the gasified synthesis gas after dust removal is drawn by a high-temperature fan. After passing through the flame arrester, it enters the garbage incinerator for incineration to generate electricity.

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